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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 2 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No. 1: Offset
Data:
Definition: Misalignment where parts are structured (for example,by vulcanisation or over-moulding).
Process allocation: 5, 8, 12, 13, 15
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Visible and detectable by touch +/- 0.3 mm
Zone B: +/- 0.7 mm
No. 2: Burn marks
Data:
Definition: Matt / crumbly appearance to surface, caused bydendritic separation in the limit current area (referredto as "buds" when they are large).
Process allocation: 1, 6
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 3: Dents
Data:
Definition: Flat bubble-like depressions, caused by high pressure.
Process allocation: 6, 8 -16
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not acceptable if visible at a distance of > 800 mm
Zone B: Not acceptable if visible at a distance of > 1200 mm
No. 4a: Bubbles
Data:
Definition: Generally round, even protrusions (hollow inside).
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 7, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 4 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No. 8: Colour differences
Data:
Definition: Colour deviation on a surface by comparison with theneighbouring surface or reference sample. This resultsfrom :
(a) materials(b) process
(c) subjective impression : saturation; brightness; purity;level of sheen; depth; surface structure.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Deviation refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 9: Swollen edges
Data:
Definition: A thickening of paint coatings (bulging) on edges ofcomponents, such as are caused by surface tensions.
The effect correlates primarily with the edge radiusand/or the position of the component during theprocess.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Acceptable
No. 10: Flecks
Data:
Definition: Sharply delineated, local dulling of the surface, causedfor example, by dirt / corrosion in spots or larger areas,or drying flecks.
Process allocation: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not acceptable
Zone B: Not acceptable
No. 11: Flash on tool split line
Data:
Definition: Flash which can occur where there is a mismatch
between parts of a tool or sliders (e.g., plastic residueson injection-moulded parts).Can also be caused by wear and overflows.
Process allocation: 5, 6, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Max. +0.3 mm
Zone B: Max. +0.5 mm
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 5 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No. 12: Differences in sheen
Data:
Definition: The sheen (or gloss) differs from that of the (master)sample or specification figure on some areas or overcomplete surfaces.
Process allocation: 1, 3, 6, 7, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 13: Flash / burrs
Data:
Definition: Sharp-edged projection of edge zones from earlierprocess (e.g., stamping burrs on cut edges; flash onplastic mouldings; paint grit).
Process allocation: 2, 3, 5, 8, 15
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 14: Grittiness
Data:
Definition: Visual (optical) effect which can occur by diffusereflection on interfaces between different structures(e.g., etched granularity).
Process allocation: 1, 3, 6
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 15: Hairline splits
Data:
Definition: Extremely fine lines of damage.
Process allocation: 3, 6, 10, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 6 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No. 16: Contact / gripping points
Data:
Definition: Small areas, usually as spots where paint / c oating ismissing (in an area not normally visible), caused bysuspension clamps, contact with painting frames, etc.).
Process allocation: 1, 2, 6, 7
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 17: Scratches; grooves
Data:
Definition: Lines of damage, caused by inappropriatehandling.(e.g., when removing parts from the tool).
Process allocation: 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16
Examples of permissible characteristic features (longitudinal):
Zone A: L < 4mm, W < 0,5mmMax. 2 scratches within 300 mm
Zone B: L < 10mm, W < 0,7mmMax. 4 scratches within 200 mm
Examples of permissible characteristic features ( ransverse):
Zone A: Not acceptable
Zone B: Not acceptable
No. 18: Paint runs
Data:
Definition: Tracks of paint in the top coat or in an undercoat, onvertical surfaces (generally in the vicinity of grooves,rounded sections, folds or piercings).
Process allocation: 2, 3, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not acceptable
Zone B: Acceptable
No. 19: Lens-like paint marks
Data:
Definition: Distortion in paint surface which can be seen but notfelt: paint runs / streaks i n the early stages.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 7 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No. 20: Thin coating areas
Data:
Definition: Inadequate top coating (the substrate can be seenthrough the surface coating)
Process allocation: 2, 3, 7, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:Zone A: Not acceptable
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 21: Macro-splits
Data:
Definition: Splits in the galvanic coating, caused by deformationor stresses in the component.
Process allocation: 1, 6
Examples of permissible characteristic features:Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 22: Pin-holes
Data:
Definition: Very small cratering (see No. 4b); also micro-pores.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 7, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: A frequency of max. 5 pin-holesover 4 cm
2permitted
Zone B: Pin-holes permitted
No. 23: Nickel patches
Data:
Definition: Yellowish places in the contact area and in areaswhere the current density is low.
Process allocation: 6
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 8 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No illustration available
No. 24: "Orange-peel" effect
Data:
Definition: A rough or wave-like appearance of a painted surfacewhich may contain a texture; a grained paint finish withthe structure of an orange peel.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: A fine structure is permitted refer to limit sample forseverity and surface area.
Zone B: A coarse structure is permitted refer to limit samplefor severity and surface area.
No. 25: Oxide lines
Data:
Definition: Identification :Streaks caused by oxide inclusions and/or oxide lines.
Description & effects :Pencil-like, white or grey lines in the direction in whichthe part was formed. The degree of visibility dependson the type and quantity of oxide inclusions.
Process allocation: 11
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not permitted if s ructures visible at a distance of > 800 mm.
Zone B: Not permitted if s ructures visible at a distance of > 1200 mm.
No. 26: Pimpling / inclusions
Data:Definition: Contamination within the surface, such as dust or fluff,
which protrudes in some areas through the coating orgrowths causing problems in the build-up of coats.
Process allocation: 1 -7, 15
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: See Section 10.2
Zone B: See Section 10.2
No. 27: Pigmentation problems
Data:
Definition: Disorientation of pigments(e.g., metal flakes).
Process allocation: 2, 3
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 9 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No illustration available
No illustration available
No. 28: Various polishing defects
Data:
Definition: Collective category for defects not often encountered /which form a small percentage of defects
Stippling: Polygonal, flecked areas caused bymaterial residues which have been polished in.
Dull areas: These occur following electrolytic sheening andare caused by excessive local heating; alsosurfaces areas which have not been sufficientlypolished.
Holograms: Polishing defects with a 3-dimensional effect.These occur particularly with dark paint colours.
Polishing flecks: Restricted circular areas with a muchsmoother surface than the surroundings
Process allocation: 6, 9, 13, 16
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not permitted if visible at a distance of > 800 mm.
Zone B: Not permitted if visible at a distance of > 1200 mm.
No. 28a: Stippling
Data:
Definition: Polygonal, flecked areas caused by materialresidues which have been polished in.
Process allocation:
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 28b: Dull areas
Data:
Definition: These occur following electrolytic sheening and arecaused by excessive local heating; also surfaces areaswhich have not been sufficiently polished.
Process allocation:
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 28c: Holograms
Data:
Definition: Polishing defects with a 3-dimensional effect. Theseoccur particularly with dark paint colours.
Process allocation:
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 10 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No. 28d: Polishing flecks
Data:
Definition: Restricted circular areas with a much smoothersurface than the surroundings.
Process allocation:
Examples of permissible characteristic features:Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 29: Polishing "fish" / "comet tails"
Data:
Definition: Depressions in a s hape similar to that of a fish, causedduring the polishing process by a foreign body, a poreor other pre-conditioning from earlier processes, suchas grinding.
Process allocation: 6, 9, 11, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: D < 0.3 mm, W < 2.5 mm, L < 5 mmMax. 2 within a spacing of 400 mm
Zone B: D < 0.5 mm, W < 3 mm, L < 8 mmMax. 4 within a spacing of 300 mm
No. 30: Polishing streaks
Data:
Definition: Very fine, localised raising of visible ribs, caused bythe polishing process (incorrect polishing paste and /or disc was used).
Process allocation: 6, 9, 13, 16
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: L < 60 mm, B < 0.5 mm,Max. 6 within a spacing of 300 mm
Zone B: L < 80 mm, B < 3 mm,Max. 10 within a spacing of 200 mm
No. 31: Pores
Data:
Definition: Small holes, visible with the naked eye, in the topcoating, which may penetrate to the base material inplaces.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 13, 15
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: See Section 10.2
Zone B: See Section 10.2
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 11 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No illustration available
No illustration available
No. 32: Indications of seams / seam-welds
Data:
Definition: Identification:Traces of longitudinal seams (extrusion press marks)Traces of weld areas.
Descrip ion & effects:
Traces of (narrow) streaks, running in the direction in whichhe part was formed, where the area is seen as lighter ordarker than the surrounding material, depending on lightingconditions. They can also occur in association with sink-marksor step-marks. Indications of longitudinal seam / seam-weldsare caused by manufacturing processes and are unavoidable;however, the level of their appearance can be influenced.
Process allocation: 4, 8
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 33: Scour marks
Data:
Definition: Flat, local roughing of the surface, generally seen asdifferences in levels of sheen.
Process allocation: 6, 10, 13, 15
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not acceptable
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 34: Step marks (linear traces of rolling)
Data:
Definition: Stripes, running parallel to the direction of thepressing / extrusion, over the length of the profile,generally in the form of steps , which are especiallyvisible after a coating process.
Process allocation: 4, 6, 8, 15
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not acceptable if visible at > 800 mm.
Zone B: Not acceptable if visible at > 1200 mm.
No. 35: Striations
Data:
Definition: Liquation streaks with an electro-potentiostatic effect,caused by pre-treatment for anodising and resultingfrom liquation in the incoming material
Process allocation: 8, 11
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 12 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No. 36: Graininess
Data:
Definition: Slight graininess of a galvanised surface; comparablewith the "orange peel" appearance on painted surfaces
Process allocation: 6
Examples of permissible characteristic features:Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 37: Corrugations
Data:
Definition: ave-like, parallel marks on the surface of the panel or profile,at an angle to the direction of rolling or compression, whichcan be seen in special observation positions (e.g., looking inhe rear-view mirror, reflection in a longitudinal direction at a
very shallow angle of observation).
Process allocation: 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not permitted when checked under the following conditions :component in its "installed" position artificial light-source 1.2 m over the component checked at 2.5 m 0.5 m from the component direction of observation is at 20-45 to the longitudinal axis
of the vehicle with static observation
Zone B: Not permitted if visible at > 4 mwhen evaluated as described for Zone A
No. 38a: Cloudiness/ fogging/ streaks
Data:
Definition: hen polishing: local areas which are matt, dull, cloudy orstreaky, with diffuse transfer between different areas (processallocation 9).
hen painting: noticeable, partially light or dark areas within a(metallic) paint finish with diffuse transfer from one area to thenext (process allocation 3).Dull areas within the overall surface; with diffuse transfer fromone area to the nextProcess allocation 6, 7)
Process allocation: 3, 6, 7, 9, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 38b: Streaks caused by moisture / air
Data:
Definition: These occur during plastic injection moulding and arecaused by moisture in the plastic or air inclusionsduring the injection moulding process.
Process allocation: 9, 12
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 13 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No. 39: Differences in coating thicknesses
Data:
Definition: These occur during galvanizing as a result ofinappropriate current density distribution (processallocation 6) or in other processes because of differentparticulate flows / flow angles or separation conditions.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 40: Sink marks
Data:
Definition: Visible dents in the surface, caused by elements onthe other side of the component, such as ribs, stepsand domes (process allocation 6).Dents in the surface, caused by inappropriate
component geometry and / or shrinkage (processallocation 12).
Process allocation: 6, 12, 13, 15
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 41: Converging flow marks
Data:
Definition: Visible scratch-like flow-marks on plastic parts whereflow fronts converge.
Process allocation: 6, 13, 15
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 42: Sucker marks
Data:
Definition: The result of contact between the surface and rubbersuckers. They are visible marks, caused by sucker
deposits when removing the part following the process.
Process allocation: 3, 6, 12, 15, 16
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 14 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No illustration available
No illustration available
No. 43: Seam welds
Data:
Definition: These occur at the convergence of two mass flowsafter piercings and domes (converging seam welds).
Process allocation: 12, 13, 15
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 44: Moisture inclusions
Data:
Definition: Damp material, caused by incorrect preparation of thematerial. Expanding moisture is deposited as streaksor bubbles on the surface of the article.
Process allocation: 2, 5, 12, 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not acceptable
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s) Acceptable
No. 45: Holes
Data:
Definition: Holes in the surface coating, visible with the nakedeye, penetrating to the base material.
Process allocation: 6
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 46: Alignment gap / offset
Data:
Definition: Alignment gap :Caused by inaccurate alignment of veneers / a line isvisible.
Alignment offset :Caused by inaccurate alignment of veneer / an offset
in structural symmetryProcess allocation: 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Acceptable
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 15 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No. 47: Patch marks
Data:
Definition: Caused by voids, holes and splits.
Process allocation: 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Acceptable
No. 48: Jagged knife edges
Data:
Definition: Damage caused by a knife when peeling / deburringthe component.
Process allocation: 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not acceptable
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 49: Differences in structure and texture
Data:
Definition: Uneven structure. Branches and bars not adequatelyformed. This occurs in nature.
Process allocation: 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Acceptable
No. 50: Compressed folds
Data:
Definition: Visible lines; overlapping materials.
Process allocation: 13
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Acceptable
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 16 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
No illustration available
No illustration available
No. 51: Paint residues
Data:
Definition: Parts of the surface have not been removed by thelaser process.
Process allocation: 17
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Not acceptable
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
No. 52: Burn marks
Data:
Definition: Thermal changes in the plastic substrate (changes incolour).
Process allocation: 5, 17
Examples of permissible characteristic features:
Zone A: Refer to MTP sample(s)
Zone B: Refer to MTP sample(s)
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Source Legend:
1) Anodizing2)Powder coating (EPS)3)Wet painting4)Extrusion5) Injection moulding6)Galvanizing
7) Plasma process (evaporation, sputter, CVD, PVD)8) Over-moulding9) Polishing10) Assembly / packaging / handling11)Incoming material12)Plastic processing
13)Refined wood surfaces14) Application technology (gluing insert foils, embossing decorative foils)15)Metal die-casting16) Mechanical processing (grinding, polishing, deburring, drilling, milling, insertion, etc.)17)Laser lettering
Page 17 of 17
Decorative Surface ofAttachment & Functional Parts to theExterior and Interior of Automobiles16 Appendix to VDA Volume 162nd revised edition, 2008
Imprint
The entire contents of these pages are protected by copyright.
Responsible for contents:
VDA QMCQualitts Management Centerim Verband der AutomobilindustrieVDA QMCAn den Drei Hasen 31D-61440 OberurselGERMANY
Phone: +49 (0)6171 / 9122-0Fax: +49 (0)6171 / 9122-14E-Mail: [email protected]: www.vda-qmc.de
In spite of great care mistakes can not be completely ruled out.In the case of differing information please consider the printed VDA Volume 16 as correct.
Version 1.0
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Attribute Gage R & R Effectiveness
Instructions:
1) The following spreadsheet is used to calculate an Attribute GR&R Effectiveness, in which up to
100 samples can be evaluated, using 2 or 3 operators.2) In theData Entryworksheet fill in the appropriate information in the Scoring Report section and
enter the type of Attributes you are evaluating in the Attribute Legend section. YOU MUST ENTER
THE INFORMATION IN THE ATTRIBUTE LEGEND SECTION OR THE SPREADSHEET
WILL NOT WORK. The attributes can be either alpha or numeric, e.g. Yes, No; pass, fail;
go, stop; or 1, 2. You must be consistent throughout the form and spell properly.
3) If you or an expert has selected samples to be evaluated and you know what attributes these
samples are, enter this information in the Attributesample column. This will enable you to determine
how well each operator can evaluate a set of samples against a known standard. You do not
need to enter information in this column for the spreadsheet to work although you will
not be able to assess the operators against known standards.
4) You do not have to specify how many operators or the # of samples that you will be evaluating
during the test. Simply enter the data into the spreadsheet under the specific operator. Remember
the attributes must be spelled properly or the spreadsheet will not analyze the data correctly.
5) To print a copy of the report click on thePrint Reporticon.
6) To delete the data in the spreadsheet, click on theDelete Dataicon.
7) To delete all and begin a new test, click on theDelete Allicon
8) To see a Demo of the Attribute GR&R Effectiveness spreadsheet, click on theDemoicon.
Move around the spread sheet to see the data. When you are finished click theDelete All icon
to delete all data to begin entering your own data.
The 95% UCL and 95% LCL represent the 95% upper and lower confidence limits on the
binomial distribution. The Calculated Score is the basic computation reported on the report
page for % Appraiser and % Score vs Attribute. The 95% confidence interval represents
the range within which the true Calculated Score lies given the uncertainty associated with
limited sample sizes. As sample size increases (in this case, Total Inspected) the
confidence interval will get smaller and smaller which indicates more reliable estimates of
the true percentages. In the case of the Demo data, the true Calculated score for Operator 1
could be as low as 76.8% given that only 14 samples inspected, even though there was a 100%
Appraiser value calculated. Also, even though Operator 2 had a lower score, Operators 1 and 3
cannot be distinguished from Operator 2 because the calculated score of #2 (78.6%) lies within
the confidence limits for Operators 1 and 3.
With a worksheet limitation of 100 samples, at best a lower 95% limit of 96.4% can be calculated.
Thus, we would have to say that an inspector could be as bad as 96% efficient, even though he/she
missed no calls.
Sample Size 30 < Try out different combinations of number of samples and number of matches
# Matches 30 < to see the effects of sample size. In this case, a sample size of 30 with
95% UCL 100,0% < one non-match will yield a 17% confidence interval. In order to get reasonable
Calculated Score 100,0% < reliability in estimates of efficiency, large sample sizes will be required.
95% LCL 88,4%
Page 1 of 5Attributiven_Gage_R&R-Studie
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Data Entry
Attribute Gage R & R Effectiveness
SCORING REPORT
DATE: 04.01.2001
Attribute Legend
5
(used in computations) NAME: Acme Employee1 Pass PRODUCT: Widgets All operators
2 Fail BUSINESS: Earth Products agree within and All Operatorsbetween each agree with
Other standard
Known Population Y/N /N
Sample # Attribute Try #1 Try #2 Try #1 Try #2 Try #1 Try #2 Agree Agree
1 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
2 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
3 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
4 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Fail Pass N N
5 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Pass Fail N N
6 Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y N
7 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
8 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
9 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Y Y
10 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
11 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
12 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
13 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
14 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Fail Pass N N
15 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Pass Fail N N
16 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
17 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
18 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
19 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Y Y
20 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
21 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
22 Pass Fail Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass N N
23 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y24 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Fail Pass N N
25 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Y Y
26 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
27 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
28 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
29 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Y Y
30 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
31
99
100
% APPRAISER SCORE(1)
-> 100,00% 100,00% 83,33%
SCORE VS. ATTRIBUTE(2)
-> 93,33% 96,67% 80,00%
SCREEN % EFFECTIVE SCORE(3)
-> 80,00%SCREEN % EFFECTIVE SCORE vs. ATTRIBUTE
(4)-> 76,67%
Note:(1)Operator agrees with him/herself on both trials
(2)Operator agrees on both trials with the known standard
(3)All operators agreed within and between themselves
(4)All operators agreed within and between themselves AND agreed with the known standard
(5)Enter Pass/Fail, Good/Bad, Accept/Reject or other labels which indicate status of inspection
Operator #1 Operator #2 Operator #3
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ReportAttribute Gage R & R Effectiveness
SCORING REPORT
DATE: 04.01.2001
Attribute Legend NAME: Acme Employee
1Pass PRODUCT: Widgets All operators
2Fail BUSINESS: Earth Products agree within and All Operatorsbetween each agree with
O th er s ta nd ar d
Known Population Operator #1 Operator #2 Operator #3 Y/N Y/N
Sample # Attribute Try #1 Try #2 Try #1 Try #2 Try #1 Try #2 Agree Agree
1 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
2 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
3 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
4 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Fail Pass N N5 F ail Fail Fail Fail Fail Pass Fail N N6 Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y N
7 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
8 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y9 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Y Y
10 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
11 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y12 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
13 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
14 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Fail Pass N N15 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Pass Fail N N
16 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
17 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y18 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
19 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Y Y
20 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y21 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
22 Pass Fail Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass N N
23 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y24 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Fail Pass N N
25 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Y Y
26 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y27 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
28 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y
29 Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Y Y
30 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Y Y31 - - - - - - -
32 - - - - - - -33 - - - - - - -34 - - - - - - -
35 - - - - - - -36 - - - - - - -37 - - - - - - -
38 - - - - - - -39 - - - - - - -40 - - - - - - -
41 - - - - - - -42 - - - - - - -43 - - - - - - -
44 - - - - - - -45 - - - - - - -46 - - - - - - -
47 - - - - - - -48 - - - - - - -49 - - - - - - -
50 - - - - - - -51 - - - - - - -52 - - - - - - -53 - - - - - - -54 - - - - - - -
55 - - - - - - -56 - - - - - - -57 - - - - - - -
58 - - - - - - -59 - - - - - - -60 - - - - - - -
61 - - - - - - -62 - - - - - - -63 - - - - - - -
64 - - - - - - -65 - - - - - - -66 - - - - - - -
67 - - - - - - -68 - - - - - - -69 - - - - - - -
70 - - - - - - -71 - - - - - - -72 - - - - - - -
73 - - - - - - -74 - - - - - - -75 - - - - - - -
76 - - - - - - -77 - - - - - - -78 - - - - - - -
79 - - - - - - -80 - - - - - - -
81 - - - - - - -
82 - - - - - - -83 - - - - - - -84 - - - - - - -
85 - - - - - - -86 - - - - - - -87 - - - - - - -
88 - - - - - - -89 - - - - - - -90 - - - - - - -
91 - - - - - - -92 - - - - - - -93 - - - - - - -
94 - - - - - - -95 - - - - - - -96 - - - - - - -
97 - - - - - - -98 - - - - - - -99 - - - - - - -
100 - - - - - - -
%APPRAISER SCORE(1)
-> 100,00% 100,00% 83,33%
% SCORE VS. ATTRIBUTE(2)
-> 93,33% 96,67% 80,00%
SCREEN % EFFECTIVE SCORE(3)
-> 8 0, 00 %
SCREEN %EFFECTIVE SCORE vs. ATTRIBUTE(4)
-> 76,67%
Note:(1)Operator agrees with him/herself on both trials(2)Operator agrees on both trials with the known standard(3) All operators agreed within and between themselves(4) All operators agreed within and between themselves AND agreed with the known standard(5)Enter Pass/Fail, Good/Bad, Accept/Reject or other labels which indicate status of inspection Page 3 of 5
Attributiven_Gage_R&R-Studie
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Statistical Report - Attribute Gage R&R Study
DATE: 04.01.2001NAME: Acme Employee
PRODUCT: WidgetsBUSINESS: Earth Products
% Appraiser1
%Score vs Attribute2
Source Operator #1 Operator #2 Operator #3 Operator #1 Operator #2 Operator #3
Total Inspected 30 30 30 30 30 30
# Matched 30 30 25 28 29 24
False Negative (operator rejected good product) 1 0 0
False Positive (operator accepted bad product) 1 1 1
Mixed 0 0 5
95% UCL 100,0% 100,0% 94,4% 99,2% 99,9% 92,3%
Calculated Score 100,0 100,0% 83,3% 93,3 96,7 80,0%
95% LCL 88,4% 88,4% 65,3% 77,9% 82,8% 61,4%
Screen % Effective Score3
Screen % Effective Score vs Attribute4
Total Inspected 30 30
# in Agreement 24 23
95% UCL 92,3% 90,1%
Calculated Score 80,0% 76,7
95% LCL 61,4% 57,7%
Notes
(1) Operator agrees with him/herself on both trials
(2) Operator agrees on both trials with the known standard
(3) All operators agreed within and between themselves
(4) All operators agreed within & between themselves AND agreed with the known standard
% Appraiser
0,0%
10,0%20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
50,0%
60,0%
70,0%
80,0%
90,0%
100,0%
110,0%
Operator #1 Operator #2 Operator #3
%
Efficiency
95% UCLCalculated Score95% LCL
% Score vs Appraiser
0,0%
10,0%20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
50,0%
60,0%
70,0%
80,0%
90,0%
100,0%
110,0%
Operator #1 Operator #2 Operator #3
%
Efficiency
95% UCLCalculated Score95% LCL
Page 4 of 5Attributiven_Gage_R&R-Studie
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CalculationsKnown Population Operator #1 Operator #2 Operator #3 Y/N Y/N
Sample # Attribute Try #1 Try #2 Try #1 Try #2 Try #1 Try #2 Agree Agree
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
4 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 FALSE FALSE
5 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 FALSE FALSE
6 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE FALSE
7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
9 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 TRUE TRUE
10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
14 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 FALSE FALSE
15 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 FALSE FALSE
16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
18 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
19 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 TRUE TRUE
20 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
22 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 FALSE FALSE
23 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
24 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 FALSE FALSE
25 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 TRUE TRUE
26 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
27 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
28 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
29 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 TRUE TRUE
30 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TRUE TRUE
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%Appraiser Score 100 00 100 00% 83 33 Page 5 of 5
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