Folie 1 > Vortrag > AutorDokumentname > DatumDokumentname > 23.11.2004

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und RaumfahrtLilienthal-Oberth e.V.

Welcome&

Good EveningJoachim Szodruch

DLR

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

The DLRGerman Aerospace Research Center Space Agency of the Federal Republic of Germany

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

100 Years DLR

1907 Göttingen

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Köln

Lampoldshausen

Stuttgart

Oberpfaffenhofen

Braunschweig

Göttingen

Berlin-

Bonn

Trauen

HamburgNeustrelitz

Weilheim

Bremen-

Sites and Employees

5900 Employees

27 Research Institutes and scientific-technical facilities in

13 sites,

Offices in Brussels, Paris and Washington.

Participation in:European TransonicWind Tunnel (ETW)German – DutchWindtunnels (DNW)

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Mission

Research portfolio ranging from basic research to innovative applications and the products of tomorrowOperating large-scale research facilities for DLR’s own projects and as a service provider for its clients and partnersSupporting, educating the next generation of scientistsAdvisory services to government

To open up new dimensions for exploring the earth and the universe, for protecting the environment and for enhancing mobility, communication and security:

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Budget 2007 1.303 Mio.€

276

176

557

294

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Space Agency Research and Operation

German ESA contribution Instututional FundingNational Space Program Third Party Funding

Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Research and Operation in 2007473 M€

50%

35%

8%

7%

Space

Aeronautics

Transport

Energy

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Space

Extension of „end-to-end“-Capability in Earth MonitoringExtension of Radar TechnologyEnhancement of Mobility by Communication and NavigationTele Medicine and Material Research on ISSExploration of PlanetsReusable Space Transport SystemsExtension of Robotic Systems by focussing on Space Applications

Support of Research & Development in German Space Industry

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

EBULA

Alert!

Transportation

Researching the VehicleAerodynamicsLightweight constructionEnergy ManagementVehicle dynamics designMechatronicsCrash simulation

Researching the Transportation SystemAir- and space borne monitoring of landscape and traffic ways by sensors,Positioning and navigation via GALILEO,Infrastructure independent communication technologies,Simulations.

Exploiting Aerospace Synergies For Ensuring Mobility, Protecting the Environment And Improving Vehicle Safety

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

EnergyConcentration on Topics with Relevance to Industry and exploiting Aerospace Synergies

Efficient and low emission „fossile“ Power Plant (Turbo-Engine, Combustor)Solar Power Plant, Storage of Solar PowerLow- and High Temperature-Fuel CellsSystem Analysis and Technology Assessment

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Aeronautics

Air Transport System Concepts and AssessmentEnergy and Cost EfficientAircraftEfficient and low Emission Aero EnginesSafe and Efficient Air Transport SystemThe Future Helicopter

Leading Partner forResearch in National Aeronautical Industry

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Material Tests

Tower-Simulator

Ground Vibration Test

Rotor-Test Rig

Combustor Test Rig

●●●

• Fundamental Research• Material Characterisation• System Identification• Numerical Codes and Validation

• Process Simulation• Component Test• Industrial System Test

Experimental &Simulation Research

Fuel Cell Lab

Cockpit-Simulator

CASE Simulation

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

DNW Wind Tunnel

DNW:Deutsch- NiederländischeWindkanäle

Common operation of 10 wind tunnels in Germany and the Netherlands

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

European Transonic Windtunnel ETW

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

ATone Integrated Simulation & Test Facilities

4 CockpitSimulators

ExperimentalCockpit

2 Radar Simulations

6 Test Aircraft

3 Apron & Tower

Simulators

Command&

ControlSimulator

3 Datalinks

Ext. Facilities

e.g. Cockpit in Bln, A-SMGCS in BWE (Testbed) & HAM

(Operational)

Quick Integration & Validation of prototypes

and products

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

13 Aircraft as Research and Test Platform

ATTAS FHS

Flight Mechanics / ControlATM

AerodynamicsAtmosphere / Environment

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

DLR System Know How in Research

Flight-Guidance

Aerodynamics& Flow Techn.

Robotics & Mechatronics

Materials /Structures

MaterialsResearch

Structures & Design

Fiber Comp.Adaptronics

Air Transport &Airport ResearchCombustion-

technologyPropulsion-technology

Propulsion /Combustion

Communicat. Navigation

Aerospace MedicineAero-

elasticity

AircraftSystems

FlightSystems

TechnicalThermodyn.

TechnicalPhysics

Air Transport Air Transport SystemSystem

((ConceptsConcepts & Evaluation)& Evaluation)

AtmosphericPhysics

Flight Dept.

Design O

ffice

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Association of European Research Establishments in Aeronautics

Main objectives:- to promote and represent the joint interests of its members

(a.o. through joint participation in EU Framework Programmes)- to intensify the co-operation between its members, aimed at

further integration

DLR in Europe

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

DLR

System System OrientedOriented Research PortfolioResearch PortfolioFocus Nat. Research Focus Nat. Research NetworkNetwork

EducationEducation of High Potentialsof High PotentialsEuropean Key European Key PlayerPlayer

DLR Summary

Folie 20 > Vortrag > AutorDokumentname > DatumDokumentname > 23.11.2004

Air Transport System of the Future

Are we ambitious enough in our goals?

Joachim SzodruchDLR

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

“Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible.” - Lord Kelvin, 1895“The individual modes of transport such as the car will be substituted with a battery-run vehicle that is set on mechanical legs and does not leave an imprint on the ground. It neither damages the grass nor needs asphalted streets.” - Andrej D. Sakharov, 1983 (Father of the Russian Hydrogen Bomb)

The Risk of Technical Prognoses

Vision

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Hypersonic Waverider

Flying Wing

Air

Cushion Vehicles(550kph own tracks)

VariableSweep

Auto. Control/Artificial Stability

Laminar Flow

Passenger Airlineswithout

seat reservation

Aircraft Service Life:

10-15 Years

ComputerNetworks

Supersonic Long-haul

Mach: 2.5-3.5

Supersonic Inland Travel

in the USA

VSTOL-Scheduled

Services

The world in 1985 from view of experts in 1964

In the past everything was better …… even the future

Visions of the past

New Scientist, 1964M.J. Lighthill, Director RAE. Satre, Tech.Dir. South-Aviation

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Visions of the Past… 1987

Source: Euromart, 1987

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Visions of today

Engine Concepts and Integration

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Source: Out of the box workshop

Lufttransport der Zukunft – Perspektiven und Anforderungen

Ideen für die Zukunft?

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Development Global Mean Temperatur

Recent News

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Recent News

Oil Price Development

2008

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Recent News

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Recent News

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

A complex system with opposing interests of the various stakeholders

Air Transport System

Introduction

AirportsMaintenance

Airlines

Industry

Passengers

Politics

Agencies

Society

Air Traffic Control

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

A complex system with opposing interests of the various stakeholders

Air Transport System

Introduction

AirportsMaintenance

Airlines

Industry

Passengers

Politics

Agencies

Society

Air Traffic Control

Employment

Profit

Safety and Security

Low Fares, Comfort

Market Shares

Environmental Protection

Economic Growth

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

2000 2025 2050

GlobalWarming2 to 3°C

Limit of Economically

AvailableOil

1 Flight/Yearper Capita

In PRC11.September

2001

New TravelStandards

Multi-Modal

Transport

IncreasingAlliances

GlobalizationVision2020

IATA-ProjectCO2-neutral

Air Transport2050

Branson:US$3 billion

Program

New NoiseStandardsChapter 4

New NoiseStandardsChapter 5

Global EnvironmentAgreement

EuropeanEmission-

Trading

SESAROperation

Capacity Limit of Airports

EarthPopulation

9 bn.

Number ofAircraftDoubled

Lackof

Engineers /Scientists

Introduction

Mega-CityConcentration

Potential Drivers in Aeronautics

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

3X capacity increase99% of flights within 15 min of scheduleLess than 15’ min waiting time in the airport for short distanceflights

The Efficiency of the Air Transport System

Reduced passenger airfaresIncreased passenger choiceModernized freight operationsReduced time to market by 50%

Quality and Affordability

Reduction of CO2 by 50%Reduction of NOx by 80%Reduction of external noise by 50%Substantial progress towards ‘Green MMD’

The environment

Reduction of accident rate by 80%Drastic reduction in human error and the consequences

Safety

Airborne – terrorism preventionAirport – prevention of unauthorized access (persons or products)Air navigation - safe control of hijacked aircraft

Security

Vision 2020

Challenges and Associated Goals

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Level ofService

Opportunities

Introduction

Capacity Safety

Efficiency

Ecology

Economy

Security

Education /Young Engineers

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

ManufacturingProcesses

Introduction

Ecological Challenges

LandUse Emissions

Ecology

Recycling

Maintenance

Noise

CO2 NOx

Soot

Contrails

CO2

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

CO2-Reduction: Parameters of Influence

~Trip FuelDistance

SFCM∞

WL/Dx

21%Equipment/

Systems

31%Structure

37%Fuel

Weight11%

Pay Load

Medium Flight Efficiency

10000ft

Cruise Altitude

Technology

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

CO2-Reduction: Parameters of Influence

~Trip FuelDistance

SFCM∞

WL/Dx

31%Structure

Weight11%

Pay Load

Medium Flight Efficiency

10000ft

Cruise Altitude

Technology

ThermalEfficiency Spec.

Fuel-Cons. Propulsion

Efficiency

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

CO2-Reduction: Parameters of Influence

~Trip FuelDistance

SFCM∞

WL/Dx

21%Equipment/

Systems

31%Structure

37%Fuel

Weight11%

Pay Load

Medium Flight Efficiency

10000ft

Cruise Altitude

Technology

ThermalEfficiency Spec.

Fuel-Cons. Propulsion

Efficiency

3%Interference

Drag

35%Induced

Drag

55%Viscous

DragDrag

3%Parasitic

Drag4%

Wave Drag

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Aircraft Specific Technology

Systems(Fuel Cell)

-3% CO2

SyntheticKerosene

WeightReduction 15%

(Primary Struct.)-5% CO2

Weight Reduction 30%

(Primary Struct.)-15% CO2

FlowControl-5% CO2

Laminar-Flow

-15% CO2Configuration

-5% CO2

Enginewith

-60% NoxEngine with

-15% CO2

Enginewith

-35% CO2

Systems

Engine

Structures

Aerodynamics

-50% CO2 -100% CO2

2010 20502000 2020 2030 2040

Systems-5% CO2

Technology

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Flight Guidance

Operation

Operation Related Technology

SESAR-12% CO2

„Free-Flight“-6% CO2

Formation-Flight

-10% CO2

Air Refueling(Long Distance)

-25% CO2

Efficiency.Airlines 10 Years

-2% CO2

-50% CO2 -100% CO2

2010 20502000 2020 2030 2040

4 DRoute

Planning-3% CO2

Technology

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

A pioneer in work on object-oriented programming and windowing graphical user

interface design

(Alan Kay)

Research

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

TheDLR Research Programme

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Main Areas of Research at the DLR (2007=170 M€

Politik

Flight Physics

25%

ATM &Airports

20%

Air TransportConcepts

Engine15%

AircraftStructures

10%

Weather &Climate

10%

Systems& Cabins

10%

Aerodynamic Systems and Flight Guidance, Virtual Aircraft

and new ConfigurationsFlexible Aircraft

Virtual Engines Propulsion Techniques

Turbines, Fans, Combustion Technology,

ValidationAir Transport ManagementHuman FactorsAirport Security

Low emission Noise impact, Wake vortex

Efficient airport traffic

Materials, Structures,Simulation and Validiation

Rotorcraft10%

DLR-Research Program

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Systems

DLR Envisaged ContributionReference Vision 20202000 2006

Engine

Structure

Aerodynamics

2013

Fuel Cell

Laminarity/Laminar Flow

Fan Design-5% CO2

CFK(Black Metal)

Fuel Cell3% CO2

Concept-Integration (Gear-Fan)-15% CO2

CFK-4% CO2

Laminarity/ LamiarFlow

15% CO2

DLR-Research Program

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Antares DLR-H2 and A320 ATRA

Technology – Examples

Aim:demonstration of fuel cells as on-board power supplyfor aviation.

Up to -8% CO2 for short haulWeight reduction (1t for A330)500t less kerosene per A/C (A320) and year

Fuel Cell Research

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

ANTARES DLR H2

Specifications DLR H2

Wing Span 20m/65,6ft

Weight Fuel Cell System ca. 60kg/130 lb.

Range > 750km

Max. Power Fuel CellSystem ca. 25kW

Continuous Power FuelCell System > 20kW

Max. Ceiling>>4000m/>>12000ft

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

ATRA – Fuel Cell Demonstrator ILA 2008

• Cooperation with Airbusfor MEA or AEA: „Green Airliner“

• Qualification of Fuel Cells in Flight• Regular „Ground Demos“:

• Electrical Supply of „blue“ hydraulicpump

• Moving control surfaces• Demonstration of operational

parameters for active fuel cellsystem

• Milestone: Certified Infrastructur in rear cargo belly for installation of a fuel cell system

• Ongoing Research:• Powered landing gear

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Structures: Composite Fuselage New Generation

Technology – Examples

Goals:weight reduction (10-30%)cost reduction (40%)

new materialssmart design methods optimised structuresimproved simulation accuracy and safety issues

Production technologies

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Aerodynamics: LamAiR

Technology – Examples

LamAiR addresses laminar flow topics complementary to national or European research programmes

Goals:Design a forward swept wing Design (and fly) an optimal (systems, aero) hybrid laminar low vertical tail for the DLR ATRADesign (and fly) a natural laminar flow lifting surface to conduct basic research to understand laminar/turbulent transition in transonic flight

More than -16% CO2due to laminar flow drag reduction

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

AMAN/DMAN-0,5% CO2

2000 2006

ATM

Airport

The DLR Contribution to Optimizing Operations/ATM (Reference: Vision 2020)

AMAN/DMAN-1,0% CO2

TaxiManagement

-0,5% CO2

TaxiManagement

-1% CO2

2013

DLR-Research Program

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Air Traffic Management

Technology – Examples

Direct Extensions

TMA Interface Total 2006

Extension (%) 4,0% 1,9% 5,9%

Extension per Flight 32,9 km 15,7 km 48,6 km

Additional Distance 298 M km 143 M km 441 M km

Additional CO2 Emissions 3,2 M t 1,5 M t 4,7 M t

Quelle: Eurocontrol, Performance Review Report 2006

SESAR goal• -10% CO2 until

2020

Hamburg – Toulouse:• 52,8 NM difference

between airways and “direct routing”

• -6,2% CO2 for a A330-300

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

General A-SMGCS Benefits:More Safety

- 1 RWY Incursion / Day / EuropaMore Efficiency

- 1…4 min Taxi Time / FlightLess Noise and Emission

- 5t Fuel / h / Runway

Goals Hamburg:operational A-SMGCSTest Platform for R&D

A-SMGCS at Hamburg Airport

Pilot- & Vehicle Assistance

Controller Assistance

Partner

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Technology Potential at DLR for Reducing CO2

(Reference Vision 2020)

Politik Air TransportConcepts

2006- 10% CO2

DLR-Research Program

2013-35% CO2

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Principal Timeframe of Aircraft Production 2000 - 2050

2010 20502000 2020 2030 2040

Technology Impact Fuel Burn

Replacement Airbus 320Replacement Airbus WB

Replacement Boeing WBReplacement Boeing 737NG

Airbus 380Airbus 350

Boeing 787

Boeing 747-8

A300/A310Airbus 320

Airbus 330Airbus 340

Boeing 777B767

757

B747Boeing 737NG

Tech-nology

Standard2015

to2020

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Technology Impact

Politik

Mathematics&

Statistics

Prognoses&

Predictions

Traffic Growth between 5% and 3,5%

Load Factor

Service Life

PAX / Freight and Combi-Aircraft

Blockfuel

Average Seat Calculation

Distance pro hour

Flight-hours per Aircraft

Considered Aircraft Types:

Classic and New Generation,

Prognoses

How much technology do we really need?

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Old Fleet

Fleet Development 1990 - 2050

Technological Impact

Number of New

Aircraft in OperationTotalFleet

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

2000 2010

300

100

0

200

Index (100 = Year 2000)

2020 2030 2040 2050

400

500Without NewTechnologies

With NewTechnologies

-50% CO2ACARE

ModerateGrowth

Scenario

-50% CO2Aircraft &- 2% Ops.-10% ATM

25% Biofuel

Technology Impact – Extrapolation 2000 - 2050

Transport Capacity

Fuel consumption = CO2

Only CO2 neutral !

Technology Impact Fuel Burn

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

50 dB Isophone

DLR-SK

Average Noise Intensity at Frankfurt Airport

- 10 dB

Overall Results for 2020

ACARE aircraft can half the noise carpet even in a traffic growth scenario.

However, the aircraftmust be available and introduced into themarket.

Operational procedurescan fill the gap whenolder aircraft are still operated.

Technology Impact Noise

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Modification of Noise SourcesTechnology Impact Noise

Mod. SlatSupport

Struts

Mod. SlatTrailing Edge

Long Cowling& Forced

MixingLarge Rotor-Stator Sep.

Engine /Geared Fan

Intake Liner

Landing GearFairing

Sealing ofInboard

Flap Gap

Sealing ofFlap Gap

Mod. FlapTrailing Edge

Closed FlapTip Cavity

Closed SlatTip Cavity

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Noi

seR

educ

tion

[dB

]

- 10 dB10

5

0

Year

Technology Steps- 3 dB

- 5 dB Development of AverageNoise Level

Noise Technology development

DLR Technologies (2013)Fan Design 2dBSlat and Edges 3dBChevron Nozzles 3dBActive Noise Contr. ?dBGeared Fan 5dBOper. Proc. (CDA) 3dBConfiguration 5dB

Technology Impact Noise

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Technology Potential at DLR for Reducing Noise(Reference Vision 2020)

Politik Air TransportConcepts

2006- 2/3 dB

DLR-Research Program

2013-5/7 dB

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

QSTOL

Complete System Concept for 2020with a 50% Fuel Emission Reduction

DLR – Virtual Integrated Product (VIP)

Some typical technology issues:– Engine concepts– Low drag aerodynamics– Light weight structures– Low noise design and

procedures– Optimised high lift system – City airport operation– Climb performance– Cruise operation– Pilot assistance systems– Short turn-around time– Airport passenger flows– Reduction of development times– ………

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Environmental issues:• Emissions• Noise / Sonic boom• Atmospheric radiation

Supersonic Transport Challenges II

Configuration Concepts• Computer modelling• Operational and • Infrastructural aspects

Supersonic EU-Programms• EUROSUP• EPISTLE• HISAC

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Mach 4 SST Concept – LAPCAT I (EU)

Range &payload

16,000km200 passengers

Design aim Propulsion

Comments

Closed concept

Engine, that could change its bypass ratio during flight

Selection of the optimum flow distribution

The fuselage with a total length of 103m; the wing span 54m.

Example Supersonic Transport

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Hypersonic Transport Goals

Highly Customer

Oriented ATSPassenger Choice• Improve travel time by more than 4 times

Design and Development• Capacity about 200 to 300 seats• Range 7000 to 9000 nm• M ~ 5 to 8

Operation• Improve productivity by 4 times

CDG

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Mach 5 HST Concept – LAPCAT I (EU)Range &payload

18,000km300 passengers

Design aim Propulsion

Comments

Closed concept

Pre-cooled engine based on liquid hydrogen fuel

Advantage of negligible CO2 emissions

Low NOX emission is difficult to achieve due to the increased air enthalpy resulting from the combustion chamber temperatures

Fuselage with a total length of 140m; the wing span 41m

Hypersonic Transport Concepts I

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Mach 6 HST Concept – ATLLAS (EU)

Range &payload

7,000km200 passengers

Design aim Materials

Comments

Preliminary concept

High temperature metallic or ceramic based airframe with turbo-ramjet combined engines

Sonic boom emission below Concorde values

Required runways compatible with today airports (2.5km)

The fuselage has a total length of 100m; the wing span almost 40m

Hypersonic Transport Concepts II

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Mach 8 HST Concept – LAPCAT (EU)

Range &payload

16,000km300 passengers

Design aim Propulsion

Comments

Closed concept

Waverider planform with improved characteristics in subsonic and transonic

Complex liquid hydrogen based propulsion system of three different types: rocket ejector; ram- and scramjet

The fuselage has a total length of 91m; the wing span almost 62m

Hypersonic Transport Concepts III

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Mach 9 Space Liner Concept –LAPCAT I & FAST 20XX (EU)

Range & payload

17,000km50 passengers

Design aim Propulsion

Comments

Preliminary concept

Vertically launched rocket powered two-stage space vehicle

No atmosphere pollution with nitrogen oxides since it not uses air

Low sonic boom since most of the trajectory is sub-orbital

The fuselage has a total length of 63m; the wing span almost 40m.

Space Transport Concepts

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

High Speed TransportIssues to be adressed

Research on critical technological topicsDemonstration sub-systems

Market forecast / interestPAX benefitsViable business caseDOC vs productivity vs Mach numberEconomic operationEcological impactImpact on transport systemPolitical support

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

Vision 2020

Summary and Outlook

The ACARE Vision goals for future air transportare very ambitious,but not sufficient in the long-term „green scenario“. They do not de-coupled traffic and fuel consumptionand further related technologies are not readily available.Further noise reduction technologies are available

We need to foster creativity and innovationFocussed research activities required for critical issuesEnabling technologiesInfrastructurePioneering researchEducation / Young Professionals

Can we afford ………..not to wait for the technological window of opportunity?……..to miss the economical window of opportunity?…… not to develop a sustainable air transport system?

SzodruchAUS Tour 2009

www.dlr.de

“In light of the fact that humanity is not able to learn from past mistakes we can not afford to make mistakes in the future.” -

Ernst Ferstl