Post on 19-Oct-2020
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Ernst Huenges
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Head of Section GeoenergyTelegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam
Tel.: 0049 (0) 331 288 1440 Mob.: 0049 (0) 172 3929301 e-mail: huenges@gfz-potsdam.dehttp://www.gfz-potsdam.de
Der Beitrag geothermischer Systeme zur klimaneutralen Deckung des Energiebedarfs im globalen Kontext
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Geothermal Education Office
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Geothermal Power stations (white triangles)
Locations of intense seismic activity (red)
Locations of conventional geothermal powerThe ring of fire – areas of geological plate boundaries,
increased volcanic and earthquake activity
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
CO2 footprint
Geothermal: plants in USA -open cyclesCoal, oil, gas: DOE, Bloomfield et al. (2003)
EGS-LCAFrick et al. (2010)
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Energy provision options and correlating temperature levels
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
1
10
100
1 10 100 1000 10000
JAZ, COP
Pth/[kW]
Elektroboiler
Durchlauferhitzer
Elektro‐Strömungserhitzer
Elektrodenkessel
WP Luft‐Wasser P fix
WP Luft/Wasser P var.
WP Sole‐Wasser P fix
WP Sole‐Wasser P var
WP Direktverdampfer
WP Wasser‐Wasser P fix
WP Wasser‐Wasser P var
Groß‐WP real
Groß‐WP Herstellerangabe
ATES 100 % Permeability
Tiefengeothermie
Groß-WPErd-WP
Luft-WPElektrowärme
35 °C
98 °C
110 °C
55 °C
85 °C
38…170 °C
35…90 °C
35 °C
Tiefe GT
30…80 °C
Francke et al. 2018
Auxilliary energy for geothermal heat supply
𝑸𝐨𝐮𝐭
𝑾𝐢𝐧
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Jigokudani hotspring, Nagano Japan
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Grand challenges:• Climate change• Energy transition
Heat market ~ 2x electricity market
Geothermal – the sleeping giant• Huge potential for deep
geothermal• Local baseload energy source• Low greenhouse gas emissions Raumwärme 28 %
Prozesswärme 21 %BMWi/AGGE-Stat (07/2018)
20,8%
29,6%
49,6%
Electricity consumptionHeat & Cold
(without electricity)
Transportation(without electricity)
End energy consumption
2017
Energy transition requires heat transition
processheat 21 %
househeat 28 %
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Recovery of geothermal heat
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Porous rocks and fracture zones
geothermalfluids
(gas + liquids)
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Deep geothermal energy utilization
Challenges:• Easily exploitable reservoirs limited
(hydrothermal systems)• Most rocks require engineering
(petrothermal systems)
Tasks:• Increase productivity (economics) Stimulation
• Reduce seismicity (environmental impact) Soft stimulation
Hydrothermal Petrothermal
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
hydrothermal systems
petrothermal systems
high ……………..……natural permeability …….……………… low
• The EGS concept includes artificial improvement of the hydraulic performance of a reservoir with the goal to use it for an economical provision of heat or electric energy
• The enhancement challenge is based on several non-conventional methods for exploring, developing and exploiting geothermal resources that are not economically viable by conventional methods
• Enhanced vs Engineered
Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS)
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Time
Stimulatedreservoir
Net present valuenot stimulated
Cash flow
(€)
Reservoirnot stimulated
Net present valuestimulated
Economic impact of reservoir stimulation
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Conventional hydraulic stimulation process
𝑉
Constant injection
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Objective: Validation of „Cyclic Soft Stimulation“ Concept (Hofmann et al. 2018, 2019)
𝑉
Cyclic injection
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Purpose: Growing heat demand of ReykjavikApproach: Demonstration of soft stimulationBudget: 1.200.000 € (EU H2020 „DESTRESS“)
Partners & contractors:
Field experiment in Reykjavik, Iceland7 October – 1 November 2019
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Conceptual Chemical Stimulation
Porous rocks
Acidisation to remove obstacles in pores(e.g. carbonates and fines) (Mezöberény, Hungary January 2020)
Fractured rocks
Acidisation to weaken strength ofparticles (e.g. barite) in contractions(Soultz, France November 2019)
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Seismic campaign in Groß Schönebeck 2017
8 km
8 km
(Stiller et al., 2018)
Explore geothermal systems
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
https://nibis.lbeg.de/cardomap3/
Exploration inBerlin
Reduce uncertainity
Depth – structure - properties
https://nibis.lbeg.de/cardomap3/
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors (DOFS)Distributed Strain Sensing (DSS)
optical fibrecoherentlaser puls
elastic Rayleigh scattering
Intensity change= deformation (time)
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
deformation-monitoringApplication: Monitoring
Picture: P. Jousset, GFZ.
Jousset, Reinsch et al., Nature Comm. 20182 Cars
~30 km/h
Hammer Shots
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
geological faults systemsApplication: exploration of structures
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
https://nibis.lbeg.de/cardomap3/
Seismic lines so far
fibre cables
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Organic Rankine Cycle power plant in Lahendong Indonesia (Stefan Kranz, GFZ)
Convert geothermal heat to powerChallenge Indonesia – no binary plant so far (2017)
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Storage of heat and chill
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Paul-Löbe-Haus
Jakob-Kaiser-Haus
Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-HausKanzleramt
Reichstagsgebäude
ATES Berliner Parlamentsbauten
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Energiespeicherung in AquiferenErdwärmespeicher Deutscher Bundestag
28
PARLAMENTSBAUTEN, BERLIN
‣ Wärmespeicher:- in 285 to 315 m Tiefe- Aquifer-Temperatur: ~ 20°C- Temperatur Speicherfluid: ~ 70°C- Speicherkapazität: ~ 2650 MWh- Wärmerückgewinnung: 70%
‣ Kältespeicher:- in 30 to 60 m Tiefe- Aquifer-Temperatur: ~ 12°C- Temperatur Speicherfluid: ~ 5°C- Speicherkapazität: ~ 6000 MWh- Speicherbetrieb seit 2002
Kanzleramt
Paul-Löbe-Haus
Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus
Reichstagsgebäude
Jakob-Kaiser-Haus
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
a Authority for Energy Regulation, Oman c Energy Information Agency, USAb Residential Energy Use In Oman: A Scoping Study, Trevor Sweetnam d International Energy AgencyeDIW ECON
Total power supplied in Oman ~25 TWha (Germany ~650 TWhd)
Total residential cooling use 2014 ~11.6 TWha (residential heating: Germany ~136 TWhd)
Residential annual power used for cooling in Muscat~5.8 TWha (district heating Berlin ~8.5 TWhe)
The electricity sector in Oman is primarily based on natural gas (97.5%) and diesel (2.5%) a.
Energy Consumption in Oman
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Concept for a Continuously Operating Cooling System based on Renewables
The absorption chiller requires water of 80–120°Cto produce chill of 5.5°C
Funded by:
Shallow aquifers can be used to rejectthe waste heat of the system and to storeexcess energy.
Oman
MuscatSite
Further partners: • CAU‐Christian Albrecht University zu Kiel • Beuth University Berlin
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Concept of the GeoSolCool Project
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Concept of Heat Rejection – Dry Cooler
TU Berlin/GFZ
Total amount of waste heat:~1850 MWh/year with𝐐𝐦𝐚𝐱 550 kW , 𝐐𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧 210 kW
50
40
30
20
10
0
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Temp_ambient
P_th Heat Rejection
P_el Dry Cooler
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Ambien
tTem
perature
in °C, Pow
er Dry Coo
ler in kW
el
Thermal pow
er to
rejectwaste
heat
in kWth
Strong increase of P_el Dry Cooler at Temp_ambient > 30 °C Dry cooler limit at 33 °C
~1850 h/year with an amount of~ 720 MWh cannot be covered bythe dry cooler
T = 35 … 45 °C
Tset,max = 35 °C
Hours
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Concept of the GeoSolCool Project
Geothermal Energy Systems
Ernst Huenges GFZ Potsdam, Bad Honnef Oct 2019
Beiträge Geothermie zur klimaneutralen Deckung des Energiebedarfs
• Mittlere Breiten ohne vulkanische Systeme (e.g. Deutschland):• Hydrothermale Systeme: ggfs. mit chemischer Stimulation• Petrothermale Systeme: „sanfte“ Stimulation (kontrollierte
seismische Aktivität)• Neue Explorationsmethoden mit Hilfe Faseroptik
• Hochenthalpielagerstätten (Hot Geothermal Systems) (e.g. Indonesien):• Direkte Dampfnutzung (flash) (nicht gezeigt)• Nutzung der Hitze des abgetrennten heißen Wassers (ORC)
• Quartierslösungen hiesiger urbaner Räume:• Heimische geothermische Quellen nutzen (nicht gezeigt)• Thermische Energiespeicherung in Aquifere (ATES)
• Lösungen für aride Gebiete• Solare oder geothermische Kühlung mit Absorptionskältemaschinen• „Heat rejection“ bei Außentemperaturen größer 30 °C