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Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry
8th Edition
Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry
Prepared and issued by
Founded by
8th Edition
Continued by
8th Edition
Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie
Achte, vollig neu bearbeitete Auflage
Gmelin-Institut fUr Anorganische Chemie der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften
Director: Ekkehard Fluck
Leopold Gmelin
8th Edition begun under the auspices of the Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft by R. J. Meyer
E. H. E. Pietsch and A. Kotowski, and by Margot Becke-Goehring
~~ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1988
Gmelin-lnstitut fOr Anorganische Chemie der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften
ADVISORY BOARD
Dr. G. Brei[, Chairman (Ruhrchemie AG, Oberhausen-Holten), Prof. Dr. K. Dehnicke (PhilippsUniversitat, Marburg), Prof. Dr. N. N. Greenwood (University of Leeds), Prof. Dr. H. Grunewald (Bayer AG, Leverkusen), Prof. Dr. H. Harnisch (Hoechst AG, FrankfurtiMain-Hochst), Prof. Dr. H. Noth (Universitat Munchen), Prof. Dr. H. Offermanns (Degussa AG, FrankfurtiMain), Prof. Dr. G. zu Putlitz (Universitat Heidelberg), Prof. Dr. A. Rabenau (Max-Planck-lnstitut fOr Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. A. Simon (Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. Dr. A. H. Staab (Prasident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Munchen), Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. G. Wilke (Max-Planck-lnstitut fUr Kohlenforschung, MUlheim/Ruhr)
DIRECTOR
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ekkehard Fluck
CHIEF EDITORS
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
Dr. W. Lippert
Dr. K.-C. Buschbeck - Dr. H. Bergmann, J. Fussel, H. Hartwig, Dr. H. Katscher, Dr. R. Keirn, Dr. E. Koch, Dipl.-Phys. D. Koschel, Dr. U. Kruerke, Dr. P. Merlet, Dr. E. Schleitzer-Rust, Dr. F. Schroder, Dr. A. Slawisch, Dr. W. Topper
CORRESPONDENT MEMBERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF Dr. B. Baker, Dr. V. Haase, Dr. E. F. Hockings, Dipl.-lng. G. Kirschstein, Dr. W. F. McNamara, Dr. K. Rumpf
EMERITUS MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Dr. E. h. Margot Becke
CORRESPONDENT MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Hans Bock Prof. Dr. Dr. Alois Haas, Sc. D. (Cantab.)
STAFF GMELIN HANDBOOK
Dr. G. Bar, D. Barthel, Dr. N. Baumann, Dr. B. Becker, Dr. W. Behrendt, D. Benzaid, Dr. L. Berg, Dipl.-Chem. E. Best, Dr. R. Bohrer, K. D. Bonn, P. Born-Heck, B. Bost, Dr. R. Braun, Dipl.-Ing. V. A. Chavizon, E. Cloos, Dipl.-Phys. G. Czack, I. Deim, Dipl.-Chem. H. Demmer, U. Dietz, Dipl.Geol. R. Ditz, R. Dowideit, Dipl.-Chem. M. DroBmar, Dr. D. Duster, U. Duggen, R. Durban, M. Engels, Dr. H.-J. Fachmann, Dr. J. Faust, B. Fischer, G. Funk, Dipl.-Ing. N. Gagel, Dr. U. W. Gerwarth, Dipl.-Phys. D. Gras, Dipl.-Bibl. W. Grieser, Dr. I. Haas, Dr. R. Haubold, B. Heibel, Dipl.-Min. H. Hein, A. Heise-Schuster, H.-P. Hente, H. W. Herold, U. Hettwer, Dr. R. Heumuller, Dr. G. Hones, Dr. W. Hoffmann, Dr. W. Huisl, R. Jonuschat, Dr. R. Jotter, Dr. J. von Jouanne, Dr. B. Kalbskopf, Dipl.-Chem. W. Karl, H.-G. Karrenberg, Dipl.-Phys. H. Keller-Rudek, B. Kirchner, P. Klauck, A. Klusch, Dipl.-Chem. C. Koeppel, Dipl.-Chem. H. Kottelwesch, R. Kolb, E. Kranz, Dipl.-Chem. I. Kreuzbichler, Dr. A. Kubny, Dr. M. Kunz, Dr. W. Kurtz, M. Langer, Dr. U. Lanzendorfer, Dr. B. Leduc, Dr. A. Leonard, H. Mathis, E. Meinhard, C. Metz, K. Meyer, Dr. M. Mirbach, Dipl.-Chem. B. Mohsin, Dr. U. Neu-Becker, K. Noring, Dipl.-Chem. R. Nohl, Dipl.-Min. U. Nohl, Dr. U. Ohms-Bredemann, Dr. W. Petz, I. Rangnow, Dipl.-Phys. H.-J. Richter-Ditten, Dipl.-Chem. H. Rieger, E. Rieth, A. Rosenberger, E. Rudolph, G. Rudolph, Dipl.Chem. S. Ruprecht, Dr. B. Sarbas, Dr. H. Schafer, Dr. D. Schioberg, V. Schlicht, B. Schmitt, Dipl.-Chem. D. Schneider, Dipl.-Min. P. Schubert, Dr. K. Schucke, A. Schwarzel, Dr. B. Schwager, Dipl.-Ing. H. M. Somer, Dr. C. Strametz, G. Strauss, Dr. G. Swoboda, Dr. U. Taubald, M. Teichmann, Dr. D. Tille, Dipl.-Ing. H. Vanecek, Dipl.-Chem. P. Velie, Dipl.-Ing. U. Vetter, H.-M. Wagner, Dipl.-Phys. J. Wagner, R. Wagner, Dr. E. Warkentin, Dr. C. Weber, Dr. A. Wietelmann, Dr. M. Winter, Dr. B. Wobke, K. Wolff
STAFF GMELIN ONLINE DATA SYSTEM
Dr. P. Kuhn, Dr. G. Olbrich
Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry
AUTHORS
EDITORS
8th Edition
B Boron Compounds 3rd Supplement Volume 4
Boron and Cl, Br, I, S, Se, Te. Carboranes
With 19 illustrations
Gert HeUer, Institut fur Anorganische und AnaLytische Chemie, Freie Universitat Berlin Berlin, FederaL Republic of Germany
Anton MeUer, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universitat G6ttingen G6ttingen, FederaL Republic of Germany
Thomas Onak, Department of Chemistry, CaLifornia State University Los AngeLes, California, USA
KarL-Christian Buschbeck, GmeLin-lnstitut, Frankfurt/Main
Kurt Niedenzu, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
System Number 13
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1988
LITERATURE CLOSING DATE: END OF 1984 IN SOME CASES MORE RECENT DATA HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED
Library of Congress catalog card Number: Agr 25-1383
ISBN 978-3-662-06140-4 ISBN 978-3-662-06138-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-06138-1
This work is subject to copyright AU rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustra1ions, broadcas1ing, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich.
© by Springer-Verlag, Bertin· Heidelberg 1988
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1988. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 8th edition 1988
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc .. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, tha1 such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regula1ions and therefore free for general use.
Preface
The present VoLume 4 of "Boron Compounds" 3rd SuppLement concLudes the 3rd suppLement issue on boron compounds, but will be augmented by a separate index voLume for the boron compounds discussed in the four voLumes of this specific suppLement. This 3rd suppLement adds on to the previous voLumes dealing with boron compounds beginning (in parentheses: Literature cLosing dates) with the Main VoLume (end of 1925), SuppLement VoLume 1 (end of 1949), SuppLement VoLume 2 (end of 1975 for boron carbides, mid-1980 for eLementaL boron), "Boron Compounds" VoLumes 1 to 20 and FormuLa Index, "Boron Compounds" 1st SuppLement (3 voLumes, end of 1977), and "Boron Compounds" 2nd SuppLement (2 voLumes, through 1980). In the 3rd suppLement the Literature is covered uniformLy through 1984.
The present voLume contains the description of boron compounds with CL, Br, and I, as weLL as the systems of boron with S, Se, Te, and Po. The finaL chapter describes the carboranes; it contains the description of carboranes as weLL as brief discussions of metaLLacarboranes and a Listing of carborane-containing poLymers.
The IUPAC nomencLature is mostly adhered to; occasionaL abbreviations for compounds are expLained in the text. UnLess otherwise noted, a positive sign for the chemical shifts on the NMR signaLs indicates downfieLd from the references: (CH3)4Si for [)'H and [)'3C, (C2H5hO-BF3 for [)"B, aqueous NaN03 for [)'4N, and CFCL3 for [)'9F.
Lexington, Kentucky (USA)
Frankfurt am Main
JuLy 1988
Kurt Niedenzu
KarL-Christian Buschbeck
Boron and Boron Compounds in the GmeLin Handbook (Syst. No. 13)
"Bor" (Main VoLume) Historical. Occurrence. The ELement. Compounds of B with H, 0, N, the HaLogens, S, Se, and Te. Literature cLosing date: end of 1925.
"Bor" Occurrence. The ELement. Compounds of B with H, 0, N, the (SuppLement VoLume 1) HaLogens, S, and C.
Literature cLosing date: end of 1949.
"Borverbindungen" 1 Boron Nitride. B-N-C HeterocycLes. PoLymeric B-N Compounds. Literature coverage from 1950 up to 1972.
"Borverbindungen" 2 Carboranes, Part 1. NomencLature and Types of Carboranes. Carboranes (without Hetero- and MetaLLocarboranes, and Higher Carboranes). Literature coverage from 1950 up to 1973 or 1970, respectiveLy.
"Borverbindungen" 3 Compounds of B Containing Bonds to S, Se, Te, P, As, Sb, Si, and MetaLs. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1973.
"Borverbindungen" 4 Compounds with IsoLated TrigonaL Boron Atoms and CovaLent BoronNitrogen Bonding (Aminoboranes and B-N HeterocycLes). Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1973.
"Borverbindungen" 5 Boron-PyrazoLe. Derivatives and Spectroscopic Studies on TrigonaL B-N Compounds. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1973.
"Borverbindungen" 6 Carboranes, Part 2. Hetero- and MetaLLocarboranes. PoLymeric Carborane Derivatives. ELectronic Properties. Literature coverage from 1950 up to 1974 or 1971, respectiveLy.
"Borverbindungen" 7 Boron Oxides. Boric Acids. Borates. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1973.
"Borverbindungen" 8 The Tetrahydroborate Ion and Its Derivatives. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1974.
"Borverbindungen" 9 Boron-HaLogen Compounds, Part 1. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1974.
"Borverbindungen" 10 Boron Compounds with Coordination Number 4. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.
"Borverbindungen" 11 Carbo ranes, Part 3. Dicarba-c/oscrdodecaboranes. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.
"Borverbindungen" 12 Carboranes, Part 4. Dicarba-c/oscrdodecaboranes. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.
"Borverbindungen" 13 Boron-Oxygen Compounds, Part 1. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.
"Borverbindungen" 14
"Borverbindungen" 15
"Borverbindungen" 16
"Borverbindungen" 17
"Borverbindungen" 18
"Borverbindungen" 19
"Borverbindungen" 20
"Boron Compounds"
"Boron Compounds" 1 st Suppl. Vol. 1
"Boron Compounds" 1 st Suppl. Vol. 2
"Boron Compounds" 1 st Suppl. Vol. 3
"Boron Compounds" 2nd Suppl. Vol. 1
"Boron Compounds" 2nd Suppl. Vol. 2
"Boron Compounds" 3rd Suppl. Vol. 1
"Boron Compounds" 3rd Suppl. Vol. 2
"Boron Compounds" 3rd Suppl. Vol. 3
"Boron Compounds" 3rd Suppl. Vol. 4
Boron-Hydrogen Compounds, Part 1. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.
Amine-boranes. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.
Boron-Oxygen Compounds, Part 2. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.
Borazine and Its Derivatives. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1976.
Boron-Hydrogen Compounds, Part 2. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1976.
Boron-Halogen Compounds, Part 2. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1976.
Boron-Hydrogen Compounds, Part 3. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1976.
Formula Index (for the volumes "Borverbindungen" 1 to 20).
Boron and Rare Gases. Boron and Hydrogen. Boron and Oxygen Literature coverage through 1977.
Boron and Nitrogen, Boron and Halogens. Literature coverage through 1977.
Boron and Chalcogens. Carboranes. Formula Index for 1 st Suppl. Vol. 1 to 3. Literature coverage through 1977.
Boron and Noble Gases. Boron and Hydrogen. Boron and Oxygen. Boron and Nitrogen. Formula Index. Literature coverage through 1980.
Boron and Halogens. Boron and Chalcogens. Carboranes. Formula Index. Literature coverage through 1980.
Boron and Hydrogen Literature coverage through 1984.
Boron and Oxygen Literature coverage through 1984.
Boron and Nitrogen, Boron and Fluorine - 1988 Literature coverage through 1984.
Boron and Cl, Br, I, S, Se, Te. Carboranes - 1988 (present volume) Literature coverage through 1984.
XIII
Table of Contents Page
6 The System Boron-Chlorine .............................................. 1
6.1 Binary Species ....................................................... .
6.1.1 BCl and BCl2 •••.••••••••••••••••.•••.••••••..•••••...••••••••..•.•.. 1
6.1.2 Trichloroborane, BCl3 •.•.•..•••....•.••............................... 3
Preparation, Purification, Isotope Separation ................................. 3 Physical Data .....................•...................................... 5 Chemical Behavior ....................................................... 13
Light-Induced Reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Reactions with Gases in Chemical Vapor Depositions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Reactions with Inorganic Materials ........................................ 15 Trichloroborane in Dry Etching Processes
(Plasma Etching, Reactive Ion Etching) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Reactions with Organometallic and Organic Materials ........................ 17 Trichloroborane as Polymerization Catalyst ................................. 18 Additional Applications of BCl3 .....................................•..... 19 Analytical and Environmental Information .................................. 19
6.1.3 Adducts of BCl3 with Nitrogen Donors ................................... 32
6.1.4 Adducts of BCl3 with Oxygen Donors .................................... 32
6.1.5 The Tetrachloroborate lon, [BCl4r ...................................... 33
6.1.6 Additional Binary Species ............................................. 34
6.2 With Hydrogen ........................... ,............................ 35
6.2.1 Dichloroborane, HBCl2, and Its Adducts .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.2.2 Monochloroborane, H2BCl, and Its Adducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6.2.3 Additional Species ................................................... 38
6.2.4 (Organyl)chloroboranes ............................................... 39
(Organyl)dichloroboranes, RBCl2 ••••.••••.•.••••••••••••.•••••...•••..••..• 39 (Diorganyl)chloroboranes, R2BCl ........................................... 42
SpeCies Containing Two BCl Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6.3 With Oxygen .......................................................... 48
6.4 With Nitrogen ......................................................... 53
6.4.1 (Monoamino)chloroboranes and Related Species.. . . . . .... . .. .. . . .... . ... . 53 Species Containing BCl2 Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Species Containing BCl Groups ............................................ 55
6.4.2 Bis(amino)chloroboranes .............................................. 58
6.4.3 Boron-Nitrogen Heterocycles .......................................... 60
Chloroborazines and Their Derivatives .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Additional Boron-Nitrogen Heterocycles ..................................... 61
6.4.4 Chloroboranes Containing B-O and B-N Bonds ........................... 61
6.4.5 Ionic Species
Gmelin Handbook B 3rd Suppl. Vol. 4
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XIV
6.5 With Fluorine ........................................................ .
Mixed Trihaloborane Adducts with 0 and N Donors
7 The System Boron-Bromine ............................................. .
7.1 Binary Species ....................................................... .
7.1.1 BBrandBBr2 ....................................................... .
7.1.2 Tribromoborane, BBr3 ............................................... .
Preparation and Physical Data ............................................. . Chemical Behavior ...................................................... .
Chemical Vapor Deposition and Related Phenomena ........................ . Reactions with Inorganic Materials ....................................... . Reactions with Organometallic and Organic Materials ....................... .
Selected Adducts of BBr3 with Lewis Bases .................................. .
7.1.3 The Tetrabromoborate lon, [BBr41- ..................................... . 7.1.4 Additional Binary Species ............................................ .
7.2 With Hydrogen ....................................................... .
7.3 (Organyl)bromoboranes ............................................... .
7.3.1 (Organyl)dibromoboranes, RBBr2 ...................................... .
7.3.2 (Organyl)(bromo)hydroboranes, RBHBr ................................. .
7.3.3 (Diorganyl)bromoboranes, R2BBr ...................................... .
7.4 With Oxygen ......................................................... .
7.5 With Nitrogen ........................................................ .
7.6 With Nitrogen and Oxygen ............................................. .
7.7 With Halogen ........................................................ .
8 The System Boron-Iodine ............................................... .
8.1 Binary Species ....................................................... .
8.1.1 BI and BI2 .......................................................... .
8.1.2 Triiodoborane, B13, and Its Adducts with Lewis Bases ...................... .
Structural and Physical Data .............................................. . Chemical Behavior ...................................................... .
8.1.3 Additional Binary Species ............................................ .
8.2 With Hydrogen ....................................................... .
8.3 Organyliodoboranes .................................................. .
8.4 With Oxygen
Page
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71 73 73 74 75 76
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8.5 With Nitrogen ......................................................... 100
8.6 With Halogens ........................................................ 101
9 The System Boron-Sulfur ................................................ 103
9.1 General Remarks ..................................................... 103
9.2 Binary Species ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 103
9.2.1 Neutral Compounds .................................................. 103
9.2.2 Ionic Species ........................................................ 108
9.3 With Hydrogen (or Organyl Groups) ...................................... 110
9.3.1 HBS, DBS, and CH3BS ................................................ 110
9.3.2 Tris(organylthio)boranes, B(SRh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
9.3.3 Organylbis(organylthio)boranes, RB(SR'h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
9.3.4 (Organylthio)diorganylboranes, R2BSR' .................................. 111
9.3.5 Metathioboric Acid, (-BSH-8-h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
9.3.6 Boron-Sulfur Heterocycles .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
9.3.7 Heterocycles Containing Annular Carbon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
9.3.8 Borane Adducts with Sulfur Donor Molecules ............................. 116
9.3.9 Ionic Species ........................................................ 116
9.4 With Oxygen .......................................................... 119
9.4.1 Adducts ............................................................ 119
9.4.2 HOBS and Related Species ............................................ 119
9.4.3 3, 5-Diorganyloxy-1, 2, 4-trithia-3, 5-diborolanes ............................ 119
9.4.4 Heterocycles Containing Annular Carbon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
9.4.5 Compounds without B-S Bonds ........................................ 121
9.4.6 Sulfatoboric Acids and Sulfonatoborates .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
9.5 With Nitrogen ......................................................... 122
9.5.1 Compounds Containing B-N and B-S Bonds..... . . ...... . . .... . . . .. . . . .. . 122
9.5.2 Heterocycles Containing Annular Carbon, Boron, and Sulfur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
9.5.3 B-N Heterocycles with Exocyclic Sulfur. .... . . ... . . . . ..... . . . .. . . . .... . . . 129
9.5.4 Compounds without a B-S Bond. ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . . .... . . .. . . . . ... 130
9.5.5 Ionic Species ........................................................ 132
9.6 Compounds Containing B, S, N, and 0 .................................... 133
9.6.1 Compounds with a B-S Bond .......................................... 133
9.6.2 Compounds without a B-S Bond. . .. .. . . .... . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .... . . .. 134
Gmelin Handbook B 3rd Suppl. Vol. 4
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Page
9.6.3 Ionic Species ........................................................ 135
9.7 With Halogen ......................................................... 135
9.7.1 Ternary Systems ..................................................... 135
9.7.2 Hydrogen and Organic Derivatives ...................................... 136
9.7.3 8-S Heterocycles Containing Boron-Bonded Halogen ...................... 138
9.7.4 Halogenated 8-S Heterocycles Containing Annular Carbon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
9.7.5 Ionic Species. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 140
9.7.6 With Oxygen ........................................................ 142
9.7.7 With Nitrogen ....................................................... 143
8-S-N Heterocycles ...................................................... 143 Heterocycles Containing no Annular Sulfur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Compounds without a B-S Bond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 145
10 The System Boron-Selenium ............................................ 147
10.1 Boron Selenides ..................................................... 147
10.2 Tris(organylseleno)boranes ........................................... 147
10.3 Selenonium Tetrafluoroborates 147
11 The System Boron-Tellurium ............................................ 150
11.1 Boron Telluride, BTe . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 150
11.2 Tris(pentafluorotelluro)borate and Derivatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
11.3 Telluronium Tetrafluoroborates 150
12 The System Boron-Polonium 152
13 Carboranes ........................................................... 153
13.1 Reviews and Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
13.2 Carboranes Containing One Boron Atom. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
13.3 Carboranes Containing Two Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155
13.4 Carboranes Containing Three Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
13.5 Carboranes Containing Four Boron Atoms ............................... 160
13.5.1 The [CB4Hs13- Anion ................................................. 160
13.5.2 C2B4Hs and Derivatives
13.5.3 C2B4Ha and Derivatives
160
161
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13.5.4 Metallacarboranes Containing Four Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
13.6 Carboranes Containing Five Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
13.6.1 CBsH7' CBsHg, 3,4-1l-(CH3hN-CBsH11 , and Related Compounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
13.6.2 C2BSH7 and Derivatives ............................................... 165
13.6.3 Metallacarboranes Containing Five Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
13.7 Carboranes Containing Six Boron Atoms ..... '" .. . . .... ... . . ... . . . .. . ... 169
13.8 Carboranes Containing Seven Boron Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
13.8.1 Carboranes ........................................................ 171
13.8.2 Metallacarboranes Containing Seven Boron Atoms ....................... 174
13.9 Carboranes Containing Eight Boron Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 175
13.9.1 Compounds Containing Eight Boron Atoms and One Cage Carbon Atom ..... 175
13.9.2 Compounds Containing Eight Boron Atoms and Two Cage Carbon Atoms 176
13.9.3 Compounds Containing Eight Boron Atoms and Four or More Cage Carbon Atoms .................................. 178
13.10 Carboranes Containing Nine Boron Atoms .............................. 180
13.10.1 Monocarbon Cage Compounds Containing Nine Boron Atoms.. . ... . . . .. . . 180
13.10.2 C2BgH13, [C2BgH12r, [C2BgH11F-, and Related Compounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
13.10.3 Additional Carboranes with Nine Boron Atoms .......................... 183
13.10.4 Metallacarboranes and Related Compounds Containing Nine Boron Atoms .. 184
13.11 Carboranes Containing Ten Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
13.11.1 [CB1oH131- and Derivatives........................................... 188
13.11.2 1,2-C2B10H12 and Derivatives......................................... 189
1,2-C2B1OH12 ............................................................. 189 Halogen Derivatives of 1,2-C2B10H12 ......................................... 190 Sulfur Derivatives of 1, 2-C2B1OH12 ........................................... 191 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Derivatives of 1, 2-C2B1OH12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 1, 2-C2B10H12 Derivatives Having a Substituent with a Carbon Atom
Attached to the Carborane Cage .......................................... 192 Si, Sn, Ge, Hg, n, Ni, and lr Derivatives of 1, 2-C2B10H12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Additional Derivatives of 1, 2-C2B10H12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
13.11.3 1,7-C2B10H12 and Derivatives ......................................... 214
13.11.4 1,12-C2B1OH12 and Derivatives ........................................ 228
13.11.5 Polymers Containing C2B10Hx Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 231
13.11.6 Other Carborane Compounds Containing a Total of Ten Boron Atoms. . . . . . . 241
13.12 Carboranes Containing 11 Boron Atoms ................................ 242
13.13 Carborane Derivatives Containing 12 Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
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13.14 Carborane Derivatives Containing 13 Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
13.15 Carborane Derivatives Containing 16 Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
13.16 Carborane Compounds Containing 18 Boron Atoms ...................... 243
13.17 Carboranes Containing 19 Boron Atoms ................................ 246
13.18 Carborane Derivatives Containing 20 Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 247
13.19 Carborane Derivatives Containing 26 Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 252
13.20 Carborane Derivatives Containing 30 Boron Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 252
13.21 Carborane Derivatives Containing 34 Boron Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 253
13.22 Carboranes Containing 40 Boron Atoms ................................ 254
13.23 Carborane Derivatives Containing 42 Boron Atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 254
Physical Constants and Conversion Factors ................................... 255
Gmelin Handbook B 3rd Suppl. Vol. 4