Trigger und Datennahmesysteme

Transcript of Trigger und Datennahmesysteme

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Trigger and data accepting systems

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9(-+:,

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example lifetime of Myons

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external boundary conditions

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concept and some theory

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way of looking at the problem

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triggersystems in HEP

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way of looking at the problem

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kollisonrate

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datarate

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datasaving rate

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online selection of "good" events

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suppression of the background

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controlling the detector selection

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combining the data of various subdetectors

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Is the event possibly interesting?

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data acceptingsystem

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getting the information form the subdetectors and combine the information in an "event-record"

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closely related to each other

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hammonized

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developed at the same time

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problem set up

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measurement of the Myon lifetime

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measurement principle

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resducing the speed of the cosmic Myon

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measuring the decay, by detecting the electron

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determine the decay time of many Myons, exponential fit of the distribution of the decay times

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measuring the Myon lifetime

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stopping puls

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decay puls

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measurement of the life time

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main idea of the setup clear (2 expected pulses:Myon and electron

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Probems

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high Myon rate

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identificatoin of the decay

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measurement of the myon lifetime

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triggercondition

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Schreibmaschinentext

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yes

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yes

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yes

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no

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delay

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accelerator

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rate

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timestructure

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rate

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ability to select

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operation the experiment

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stability

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dead time (?)

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data analysis

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efficiency

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luminescence

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event

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d-beam cross section, I- targetlength, F- target konstant

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F- particle flux, N - particles per bunch, f- frequency, k - number of bunches

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time structure

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determined by the highfrequenzysystem for the acceleration

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lifetime

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time to make a decision for the lowest trigging rate

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szintillatorsurface

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Myon life time

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signal inside the szintilator, no specific Myon or electron selection

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real time identification and scale measurement of the particles

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concepts: 'dead time'

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easy trigger and data accepting system

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precisiondigitalisation of the signal

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digital processing and saving

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starts using a fast trigger signal

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possible limitations

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slow ADC cannot be restarted while converting

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slow processor and memory can only save a limited amount of data

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dead time --> busy-logic

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starts signal digitisation and starts processing

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positions (?) flip flop

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stops accepting trigger

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dead time starts

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the signal digitisation needs a constant time

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the prossesing depends on the amount of data

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processor delates flip flop

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the dead time ends

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calculation of the dead time

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assumption: low rate and low dead time

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trigger with rate n

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dead time

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example

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calculation of the dead time

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accurate calculation

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trigger with rate n

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dead time

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don't contribute to the dead time

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relative dead time

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example

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calulation of the dead time: derivation

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number of trigger n occuring during time T, dead time t

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series expansion

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dead time for one event

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dead time for 2 events

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dead time for n events

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increasing the efficiency by using a second

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mean arrivaltime t_a

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decisionmaking time t_2

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reduction factor

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selection time t

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idea

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very fast get rid of events that are not interesting (t_2)

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don't waste time selecting non interesting events

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only select interesting events

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for further and more accurate details see D.Wegener

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efficiency improvement by using a second trigger level (?)

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a more level trigger system, reducing the rate step by step

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selection using a buffer

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example

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fast frontend electronics

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slow selection

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idea

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buffer before selecting

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buffer collects data during the selection

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buffers further events

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minimizes the dead time

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starts ratefluctuations limited to a very short time

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what time interval should the buffer cover?

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when is the capacity of the buffer full

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what size should your buffer have

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processor

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memory

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dead time for the selection with a buffer

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rate

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dead time

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trigger without deat time

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triggerselection needs time--> dead time

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idea

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save data during the time the decision is made if the data is interesting

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only create a dead time by selection of the data

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complex 'on-detector' electronics

Pipelined Trigger

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example of a pipelined trigger

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pipeline for every selection channel inside the detector

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length

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selection channel

Pipelined Trigger

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Pipelined Trigger

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Pipelined Trigger

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Pipelined Trigger

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Pipelined Trigger

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Pipelined Trigger

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Pipelined Trigger

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selection

Pipelined Trigger

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long cables

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selection time

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summary

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trigger selects 'interesting events'

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signal to start the dataproccessing/selection

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needs busy-logic

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it is important to consider the dead time

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concepts to reduce the dead time

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multilevel triggersystems

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selection with buffer

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modern triggersystems

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neccesary for all experiments

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uses most modern

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microelectronic

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network technology

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it- and softwaretechnology

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creative concepts

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concepts can be used for various experiments

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but depending on your own experiment you should choose the right concept

Das ATLAS Experiment!!"

#$"

Q7

%&&'('()*'+',+-(+++++I+]+!:23%+B$9$N$"#+W$S39+=3(3D(&13%

+++++I+j+!:23%+B$9$N$"#+B(13$F3%+=3(3D(&13%

+++++I+].+!:23%+kC312:%2''(1:>9"%2'A3(3D(&1

+++++I+B&93%&$A#:2%3(+V\0Z

+++++I+/:h+j.M+l:%)93

./0-(1"'+'(+++++I+a9G''$2I@12&%+l:9&1$#3(31

+++++I+W9:'8D'N$%899:(&1+l:9&1$#3(31

+++++I+/:h+\..D+l:%)93+

23-&4'+',+-('&++I+=1$K1m>13%+

++I+B/>%3993+01$2231

++++=3(3D(&13%

++I+0&1&$A#:2%3(+V.hn0Z

+I+/:h+n..D+l:%)93

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drift pipes fast trigger detectors toroidmagnet about 500k channels

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inner detector

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stripe

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liquid

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about 200k channels

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2#$(+:%&+.&JFKa&>%#/?#%:&F#$$/

i<"/%:%H[<(&.#,&C+:<"#.%,%"M&'()&@]<(/#$(+,'"%(&.l$:#G-&

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signals at LHC: ex. Higgs

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preselection with kalorimeter and myon signatures possible

Generisches Trigger Design

A`%(,&"+,%*+,+&`<:'.%

&&&&&&&&&&&L`+#:+=:%&&&&&&&&"%//<'"G%/;"<G%//#($&[.%

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56

758

Q6

Trigger and Data AcquisitionL!JL2 K@2

QQ

Level 1 Calorimeter Trigger

QN

,"#$$%"&,<E%"/&.+?

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!

Level 1 Calorimeter Trigger

Q3

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5

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#$''++()&A('"#++O(<&.'<(/&#(G:4P

%V! L:$<"#,-. {%,&L:$<"#,-.

Der Kalorimetertrigger

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?0ED+'()B(-C'DD-($F)"-4E0'D

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2'(I1&IJ)"-4E0'D

2'(I1&I!)"-4E0'D

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N:6%

N:6

N:#%

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9)%([hD#%"'($&&`<(+M&A:%H,"<(%(k&;-<,<(%(&M&F+)"<(x%,/k&!+'/&M&_%-:%()%"&A(%"$#%

#(&643&µ/ QU

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idientifying:

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electrons, photons

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missing energy

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number of detected signals

Der Kalorimetertrigger

B('B(-C'DD-(6#!)"-4E0'D

?0ED+'()B(-C'DD-($F)"-4E0'D

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N:6

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9)%([hD#%"'($&&`<(+M&A:%H,"<(%(k&;-<,<(%(&M&F+)"<(x%,/k&!+'/&M&_%-:%()%"&A(%"$#%

#(&643&µ/ QU

?0ED+'()B(-C'DD-($F)"-4E0'D

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6!)"-4E0'D

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F)"-4E0'D

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N:6

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B('B(-C'DD-(6#!)"-4E0'D

Q5

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number of detected signals

Der Kalorimetertrigger•+*+,%("%)'H[<(a&&U7!>V/&Mm&837p>V/•&N37&A:%H,"<(#H&><+")/&&&O8U7&+'/&F%#)%:=%"$P•&87&`%"/G-#%)%(%&><+")&&&!0?%(•&C<::+=<"+[<(&+'/&37&&;-0/#H%"(

Qy

PreProcessor(Heidelberg)

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p

,-

/&/0-I 41I1+/0

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B(-P'DD-('&

Qo

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noisefilter

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determination of beam crossing

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functionality

ATLAS: Level 1 Muon-Trigger

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N7

The Region of Interest Concept (RoI)

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9(&?"#(G#?:%&+:/<&+`+#:+=:%&#(&K@2

N8

Trigger Chains/Paths and F+")E+"%

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Ag&G:'/,%"&+:$4

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NQ

HLT AlgorithmsMm&L/&G:</%&,<&<}#(%&+/&?<//#=:%k&=',&/[::&_+/,

NN

!"#$$%"/,"+,%$#%

• !"#!$%&'()*+,-./-011– 2*//)%– $3$4– #5,6.780-+)– 9:6-0;*15<)*.<5<– ====

• $*/<068-5<– 9>5+6-.<5<?&'.6.<5<– @56)A%BCD56)– EF.<5<– "08– G5'>5<;5%9<5-/*5

• $6-065/*5

Trigger menu L1 (ATLAS)SE+4/+'4Z)UED+)R-()100ED+(/\-&)^E(^-D'D

NU

Trigger menu HLT (ATLAS)SE+4/+'4Z)UED+)R-()100ED+(/\-&)^E(^-D'D

N5

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Prescales]+A$q313%(+9"#$+'/3%:1$&' F<E&,<&-+():%&-#$-&

"+,%/&<_&:<E&A!&<=x%G,/v

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;<E%"_':&,<<:&,<&H%%?&:<E&A!&?-0/#G/&O"%)'G%)&"+,%k&:<E&%t%G[`%&:'.#PkMm&G+:#="+[<(&,"#$$%"/k&.<(#,<"&,"#$$%"/k&%,G&444

"%713'/:93A

713'/:93A

No

!"#$$%"%eD#%(D%(

AeD#%(D&&T&L(D+-:&)%"&$%,"#$$%",%(&{%,/&V&L(D+-:&+::%"&{%,/

AeD#%(D&_]"&)+/&,"#$$%"(&%#(%/&x%,/a

1%_%"%(D,"#$$%"a&&&&&&&&&&&&&&M&/<::,%&+'G-&+'_&x%,/&,"#$$%"(&&&&&&&&&&&&&&M&.'//&/%:=/,&(#G-,&877n&%eD#%(,&/%#(&&&&&&&&&&&&&M&WH:%#(%"Y&*+,%(/+,D&"%#G-,

Schnuff

trigger efficiency

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triggering efficiency for one jet

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efficiency

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= number of triggered jets/number of all jets

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referencetrigger

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should be able to trigger jests

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doesn't have to be 100% efficient

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'smal' amount of data is sufficient

!"#$$%"%eD#%(D%(L!JL2a&@#(#.'.&>#+/&2G#([:+,<"

{%,M!"#$$%"&AeD#%(D

Measuring Trigger efficiencies8/I)/&4)^(-T'a&^Mm&µµ M&,+H%&%`%(,/&E#,-&,E<& &&&"%G4&<}#(%&.'<(/&Lf*& &&&,"#$$%"%)&=0&+&/#($:%&.'<(& &&&,"#$$%" M&)%,%".#(%&,-%&('.=%"&<_&%`%(,/& &&&f-Of\PE-%"%&8O6P&.'<(/&#//'%)& &&&,-%&,"#$$%"& M&g#,&,<&,-%&%4$&^&.+//&O#(G:')#($& &&&=+GH$"<'()&>-R\+)%,%".#(+[<(P

3Q

^'/+..%(_+//'($

• !"#$$%"&#/,&%#(&C<.=#(+[<(&'()&L(E%()'($&`<(&`%"/G-#%)%(%(&C<(D%?,%(– 2,"+,%$#%– F+")E+"%– 2<IE+"%

• AB?%"#.%(,/?%D#h/G-&

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summary (2)

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trigger uses various concepts

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depending on the experiment

Trigger und Datennahmesysteme

Documents

Transcript of Trigger und Datennahmesysteme

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