BehaviourPrefabricatedTimberWallElementsStaticCyclicLoading-cib_41_15_7_schaedle

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UniversitUniversitäät Karlsruhe (TH)t Karlsruhe (TH) Lehrstuhl f Lehrstuhl f üür Ingenieurholzbaur Ingenieurholzbau

Research UniversityResearch University ·· foundedfounded 18251825 und Baukonstruktionenund Baukonstruktionen

CIBCIB -- W18 Meeting 41W18 Meeting 41

St. Andrews, CanadaSt. Andrews, Canada

2008, August 242008, August 24--2828

Behaviour Behaviour of prefabricated timber wallof prefabricated timber wall

elements under static and cyclic loadingelements under static and cyclic loading

Patrick SchPatrick SchäädledleHans Joachim BlaHans Joachim Blaßß

UniversitUniversitäät Karlsruhe (TH)t Karlsruhe (TH)





• Introduction: Idea of the system

• Test setup at Universität Karlsruhe

• Monotonic tests with PFTE

• Cyclic tests with PFTE

• Tests with conventional timber framed walls

Behaviour Behaviour of prefabricatedof prefabricated

timber wall elements (PFTE)timber wall elements (PFTE)under static and cyclic loadingunder static and cyclic loading

• Comparison of test results

• Summary and future prospects





www.hib-elemente.de





4) Top plate is connected to the wall

5) Elements are connected by

staples in horizontal joints,

one staple every 50mm

→ 20 staples / meter

2) Elements are laid out

1) Fixing the wall plate to the foundation

3) Vertical studs are installed





Shear wall testing:

• ISO/CD 21581 was chosen to

provide static and cyclic test method

Upload (movable and rotating)

• Boundary conditions applied as

intended in PFTE system buildings

Shear cantilever mechanism





Test setup at Universität Karlsruhe

3,0 m2,5 m

~8 m





Monotonic tests with PFTE

2 , 5

7 m

3,0m

Upload: 1, 10 or 20 kN/m

M t i t t ith PFTE






• Wall geometry L x H = 3,00 x 2,57 m

• Different uploads: 1 kN/m, 10 kN/m or 20 kN/m

• ISO/CD 21581 test schedule (according to EN 594)

• 11 Monotonic tests with PFTE carried out

Test No.Test No. UploadUpload CommentComment

1 kN/m1 kN/m

Additional Additional staplesstaples inin

overlapoverlap of of columnscolumns

10 kN/m10 kN/m

10 kN/m10 kN/m

20 kN/m20 kN/m

1,2,31,2,3

4,54,5

6,7,86,7,8

9,10,119,10,11

M t i t t ith PFTE






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

Displacement in mm

L o a d

i n

k N

Upload:

10 kN/m

Upload:

1 kN/m

M t i t t ith PFTE






Position of screws in

overlap of columns







0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

Displacement in mm

L o a d

i n

k N

Upload:

10 kN/m

Upload:

10 kN/m, screws

in overlap of

columns

Upload:

20 kN/m

Upload:

1 kN/m

Cyclic tests with PFTE





• Same geometry L x H = 3,00 x 2,57 m• Different uploads: 1 kN/m, 10 kN/m or 20 kN/m

• ISO/CD 21581 test schedule (according to ISO 16670)


• 11 Cyclic tests with PFTE carried out

Test No.Test No.UploadUpload CommentComment

1 kN/m1 kN/m

GravelGravel infillinfill

10 kN/m10 kN/m

20 kN/m20 kN/m10 kN/m10 kN/m

1,2,31,2,3

4,5,64,5,6

7,8,97,8,910,1110,11






Cyclic, Upload: 1kN/m, No. 2

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100Displacement in mm

L o a d

i n

k N

Hysteretic response

First envelope curve

Second envelope curve

Third envelope curve







Cyclic, Upload: 1kN/m, No. 2

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80


L o a d

i n

k N

Hysteretic response

First envelope curve

Second envelope curve

Third envelope curve


p

d

eqE2

E

π=υ

Dissipated energy

Potential energy

hysteresis equivalent

viscous damping ratio (EN 12512)

8,6% - 9,5%10,9% - 11,0%PFTE,

Upload 1 kN/m

hysteresis

equivalent viscous

damping ratio

2nd and 3rd cycle

hysteresis

equivalent viscous

damping ratio

1st cycle






Cyclic, Upload 10kN/m, No. 1

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80


L o a d

i n

k N

Hysteretic responseFirst envelope curveSecond envelope curveThird envelope curve








-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80


L o a d

i n

k N



14,1% - 14,8%13,9% - 15,7%PFTE,

Upload 10 kN/m

hysteresis

equivalent viscous

damping ratio

2nd + 3rd cycle

hysteresis

equivalent viscous

damping ratio

1st cycle







-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80


L o a d

i n

k N

Hysteretic ResponseFirst Envelope CurveSecond Envelope CurveThird Envelope Curve








-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80


L o a d

i n

k N



12,9% - 17,5%12,5% - 15,3%PFTE,

Upload 20 kN/m

hysteresis

equivalent viscous

damping ratio

2nd + 3rd cycle

hysteresis

equivalent viscous

damping ratio

1st cycle






Cyclic , Upload 10kN/m, No. 1

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Displacement in mm

L o a d

i n

k N


Cyc c tests t

Gravel infill, Cyclic, Upload 10kN/m, No. 2

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Displacement in mm

L o a d

i n

k N







Cycl ic, Upload 10kN/m, No. 1

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80


L o a d

i n

k N


y

Gravel in fill, Cyclic , Upload 10kN/m, No. 2

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Displacement in mm

L o a d

i n

k N


14,1% - 14,8%13,9% - 15,7%PFTE,Upload 10 kN/m

29,6% - 33,8%22,4% - 32,2%PFTE,

Gravel infill,

Upload 10 kN/m

hysteresisequivalent

viscous

damping ratio

2nd + 3rd cycle

hysteresisequivalent

viscous

damping ratio

1st cycle

Comparison

Gravel infill – no gravel infill

Tests with conventional timber framed walls





- 3 cyclic tests

• 6 tests with different timber framed walls

- 3 monotonic tests

Test No.Test No. SheathingSheathing UploadUpload LoadingLoading

10 kN/m10 kN/m MonotonicMonotonic

CyclicCyclic

MonotonicMonotonic

CyclicCyclic

MonotonicMonotonic

CyclicCyclic

10 kN/m10 kN/m

1 kN/m1 kN/m

1 kN/m1 kN/m

10 kN/m10 kN/m

10 kN/m10 kN/m

oneone sideside

oneone sideside

twotwo sidessides

twotwo sidessides

twotwo sidessides

twotwo sidessides

11

22

33

44

55

66






4 x 0,625m

2 , 5

5 m

Upload: 1, 10 or 20 kN/m






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

Displacement in mm

L o a

d

i n

k N

Upload:

10 kN/m

Upload:

10 kN/m, screws

in overlap of

columns

Upload:

20 kN/m

Upload:

1 kN/m

Conventional timber framed walls

a) Sheathing: one side, Upload: 10 kN/m

b) Sheathing: both sides, Upload: 1kN/m

c) Sheathing: both sides, Upload: 10kN/m

a) b) c)






Cyclic , Upload 10kN/m, No. 1

-80

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-20

0

20

40

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-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Displacement in mm

L o a d

i n

k N


timber framed, two sides, Cyclic, Upload 10kN/m, No. 1-80

-60

-40

-20

0

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-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Displacement in mm

L o a d

i n

k N








-80

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-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Displacement in m m

L o a d

i n

k N


timber fr amed, two sid es, Cyclic, Upload 10kN/m, No. 1-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

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-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Displacement in mm

L o a d

i n

k N


14,1% - 14,8%13,9% - 15,7%PFTE,

Upload 10 kN/m

7,5% - 9,2%10,9% - 12,9%Timber framed wall,Upload 10 kN/m

hysteresis

equivalent viscous

damping ratio

2nd + 3rd cycle

hysteresis

equivalent viscous

damping ratio

1st cycle

Comparison

Gravel infill –

no gravel infill

S d f t t





Summary and future prospects

• ISO/CD 21581 used for all tests.

• Boundary conditions assumed to reflect actual building conditions

• Good performance of PFTE in monotonic and cyclic testing

• Excellent results for energy dissipation – Possibility of

application in seismic and windstorm prone areas

Goal of research project for Universität Karlsruhe:

• developing a finite-element model,

• create basics to be implemented in codes





Thank you for your attention!

BehaviourPrefabricatedTimberWallElementsStaticCyclicLoading-cib_41_15_7_schaedle

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