Blutkreislauf und Herzen(Fortsetzung)

Herzkreislaufsystem Krokodil

Campen and Starck 2012. in McCue (Ed) Intermittent feeding. Springer Verlag

Krokodil

Foramen of Panizza

• Foramen Panizzae* • Bicuspidalklappen > <

Axelson et al. 1996. JEB 199; 359 – 365.

Foramen of Panizza

Axelson et al. 1996. JEB 199; 359 – 365.

Krokodil-HerzUltraschallanatomie

Entering diving bradycardyventral

dorsal

caud

al

cranial

Diving bradycardy (4 min)ventral

dorsal

caud

al

cranial

right aorta (air breathing)ventral

dorsal

caud

al

cranial

Right aorta (diving)ventral

dorsal

caud

al

cranial

card

iac

outp

ut [m

l / m

inut

e]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

card

iac

outp

ut [m

l / s

ysto

le]

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

Crocodylus – cardiac outputRight aorta

per beat minute volume

HF (breathing) = 30 – 40 bpm; HF (diving) = 2 – 4 bpm

left aorta (air breathing)ventral

dorsal

caud

al

cranial

left aorta (diving)ventral

dorsal

caud

al

cranial

card

iac

outp

ut [m

l / s

ysto

le]

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

card

iac

outp

ut [m

l / m

inut

e]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Crocodylus – cardiac outputleft aorta

per beat minute volume

HF (breathing) = 30 – 40 bpm; HF (diving) = 2 – 4 bpm

Truncus pulmonalis(air breathing)

ventral

dorsal

caud

al

cranial

Truncus pulmonalis (diving)ventral

dorsal

caud

al

cranial

Crocodylus – cardiac outputTruncus pulmonalis

per beat minute volume

card

iac

outp

ut [m

l / s

ysto

le]

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

card

iac

outp

ut [m

l /m

inut

e]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

HF (breathing) = 30 – 40 bpm; HF (diving) = 2 – 4 bpm

Foramen Panizzae(air breathing)

ventral

dorsalca

udal

cranial

Foramen Panizzae (diving)ventral

dorsalca

udal

cranial

Fluss durch Foramen Panizzae

Atmend Tauchend

Cardiovascular Circuits in Sauropsids

Campen and Starck 2012. in McCue (Ed) Intermittent feeding. Springer Verlag

Farmer et al. 2008. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 81. DOI: 10.1086/524150

Farmer et al. 2008. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 81. DOI: 10.1086/524150

Anpassung an TemperaturMechanismen der Temperaturregulierung

b

Allen‘sche Regel

Bergmann‘sche Regel

Isolationsmechanismen

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Temperatur

Saue

rsto

ffver

brau

ch in

ml m

in-1

kg-1

-60°C -45°C -30°C -15°C 0°C +15°C +30°C +45°C

Thermoneutralzone, Verschiebung des Stoffwechsels

Korh

onen

et a

l. 19

85. C

BP 8

2A, 9

59-9

64.

Ther

mon

eutr

al Z

one

in A

rctic

Fox

Fellwechsel Camelus ferus

Infrarotbild hechelnder Hund

Eisbär Haare

Prec

iado

et a

l. 20

02. B

ED-V

ol. 5

3, A

dvan

ces i

n Bi

oeng

inee

ring

Isolierung durch Fettschicht (Blubber)

Schmidt-Nielsen 1997. Animal Physiology. 5th ed. Cambridge UUP, Cambridge UK.

Blubber

Fell

vs. F

ett

Schm

idt-

Nie

lsen

1997

. Ani

mal

Phys

iolo

gy. 5

th e

d. C

ambr

idge

UU

P, C

ambr

idge

UK.

Fig

. 7.1

4

Soziale Thermoregulation

Basile et al 2008. Zoology in press

Oberflächentemperatur Mensch

Braunes Fettgewebe

UCP

1 Im

mun

hist

oche

mie

HE-F

ärbu

ng

Glukose*-Verbrauch durch BAT

* 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)

Braunes Fettgewebe und Adipositas

Braunes Fettgewebe und Temperaturexposition

Schmidt-Nielsen 1997. Animal Physiology. 5th ed. Cambridge UUP, Cambridge UK.

Wärmeaustauscher

Wärmeaustausch imGegenstromprinzip

Schmidt-Nielsen 1997. Animal Physiology. 5th ed. Cambridge UUP, Cambridge UK.

ThunfischMuskulatur

Katz

200

2. D

esig

n of

hete

roth

erm

icm

nusc

lein

fish

. J. e

xp. B

iol.

205,

225

1-22

66.

Katz 2002. Design of heterothermic muscle in fish. J. exp. Biol. 205, 2251-2266.

Muskulatur und Gefäßversorgung in yellowfin und bluefin Thunfisch

(Yellowfin) (Bluefin)

Katz 2002. Design of heterothermic muscle in fish. J. exp. Biol. 205, 2251-2266.

Graham and Dickson 2004. Tuna comparative physiology. J. exp. Biol. 4015-4024

Care

y et

al.

J. ex

p. B

iol.

1984

. 109

, 1-2

0.

Care

y et

al.

J. ex

p. B

iol.

1984

. 109

, 1-2

0.

Bernal et al. 2001. CBP part A 129. 695-726.

Wärmeaustauschsystem in Thunfisch

Histologie E.D: Stevens, Univ. Guelph, Canada)

The vascular morphology and in vivo muscle temperatures of thresher sharks (Alopiidae)

Journal of Morphology 17 JUN 2011 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10989

The vascular morphology and in vivo muscle temperatures of thresher sharks (Alopiidae)

Journal of Morphology 17 JUN 2011 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10989

Rom

mel

et a

l. 20

01. A

nato

mic

alRe

cord

264,

339

-347

.

Vene

nple

xus z

ur K

ühlu

ng d

er G

onad

en

Rommel et al. 2001. Anatomical Record 264, 339-347.

Rommel et al. 2001. Anatomical Record 264, 339-347.