Chimie - Clasa 7 - Manual - Marius Andruh, Daniela Bogdan - Clasa 7 - Manual... · oJ'lxa]! n lu !...

11
oJ'lxa]! n lu ! 'nnnn An nf,sanooJolfl elaeV!lAj . snlualso] euellnl ueptoS elaruPC . qnJpuv snrJe[A lrplalra3 tS laliecnpl Inratstut[A

Transcript of Chimie - Clasa 7 - Manual - Marius Andruh, Daniela Bogdan - Clasa 7 - Manual... · oJ'lxa]! n lu !...

  • oJ'lxa]! n lu ! 'nnnn An

    nf,sanooJolfl elaeV!lAj . snlualso] euellnlueptoS elaruPC . qnJpuv snrJe[A

    !

    '6r0i

    lrplalra3 tS laliecnpl Inratstut[A

    https://www.libris.ro/chimie-clasa-7-manual-marius-andruh-daniela-INX978-606-9030-06-6--p20690684.html

  • EEE@

    E@E@@

    @E@@E@riiE!nFo .loo6

    rD

    """"""" InlnlEnrrBru uaruluazard

    suudn)

    L9

    99

    L9

    t96n

    09 """"""' "' ....)rporrad InlaqEJ uJ luauela ep glednJo erfrzod r$ruo4rala ap rnpSrtelul Brnlrnrls arlurp erielag .roleluoruela p crporrad 1nlaqBJ

    alruorJtale rrfern8guo3 'ruorlrale ap FSrTa ul""""'ltuole ep IoW 'p^llelar etnuote ese141 .rdo1oz1

    """""""lFulql Ioqurs 'rrrulr{] luolualg .luo}y

    61""""""""' """"rolatueuala IB llpolrad ppqel .Furolv

    arellolzep rS eresraxg

    erferluaruo3

    9t """"' "" ...........'.....'.....usrue8ro ur rade ploX .urnleu u1 edy

    lalsaurB - InraY

    '""'aiuelsqns ap rolrJn)alsaruu e areredas ap apolary'""""""""'aluelsqns ap rrnralsaure ri arnd aiuelsqng

    :oyaiuelsqns ap rieprrdor4"""rolBroqel uI Joleluaruuedxa rrrpnlca;a pduq ur ro ernfuoour mprpatu e rS aueosrad rarrdord erfralor4

    erurq, aP IuoleroqB.J

    8lLI

    0t66s606

    TL

    6L

    OL

  • 8r'Lt "'

    tu"'LI9tItLT

    Lt ""

    @E@EE

    @EEr@

    0t66

    "',

    96 ""

    06"yl"'6L'01""1""""

    1"""'

    LLL

    OLL

    LOL

    t0t001

    86"

    dt6+lw)rlovrS aJesJexg

    gd ap epcg .rolro1ef,rpur proln(e nl ezeq rS rzrle roun Berururluapl

    rS aplayg 'aldrurs afuelsqn5

    efrrurqf, aiuulsqn5

    arltrrrql ralnruroJ ezeqad a1nlle3aruloru Ies?u Bzeq ad aprp3 'prBloru psew

    afrlurq) eFruroc

    L9

    9900 "'

    LS"'

    ts'6t'6t""

    9696

    88

    L8

    98t8L8

    6L

    IL6L

    eiuaprlrr6[rudlvurSnduroc roun ele arrzg apfelarrdor4 'e1nca1ory

    ropSndruor ?arctuJoC

    arFulql laFurroJ ezeqad aprp3 'alntalow JuoI

  • IC

    s-{dA * e$ex3 n.x}ued [endiew

    Iuae nf, gldtrylul es ar Inuoleq Utu

    'areolgrn(uocu1

    eetunl urp eued o Juns , 16e 'Z 'I aynS{ urp aprndro3'r.rnd.roc elltunu aruJoJ alIJeJIpqns elreteru 4$aqgtul )Trp;Z

    t-illsalulurear llJ !s

    pfp,tul Jy

    'eprlrlf, pzerpn1s al erel ad aiuepqns urp ailn]gf,le tuns Balsereeleol 'IuBJErqrq 15 ru?Jugru e, eae, tolaueaco 16 roprgtu tolungJ eledu 1n1os 'alaiurrg 'p.leofuocug au af, eaeJ

    1o1 tua8alaiul ps gln(e au'rrrnleu a1e aiurr$ a{B ap lrn}ple 'eIurIqJ 'arraleru urp lmlplle atsa InsJaAruO

    /dPler

    nus 3l

    EEJEZI

    urdnsr

    $uelsqns'aualew

    Prnleu ulzlzluelsqns'ele! !s e!u!rl)

    -l

  • 3{'\IIF{:}

    rarurqf arrdrluud pursoloJ elElqr.uBse 15 almgrrnd ,aleuupJ ,eseJlxe ]unsaJel 'afrrurqc aiuelsqns asuoJarrrnu urp alelrJqeJ ]uns elqou alaueoJelal

    tqow uo{apy mun aanttqa{a1 a11so1o{ aclwrqt ajua;s qng - g onfi g

    7T

    'lrJlruolrJterlod lnunu IerJaleru unrS gualarlod ap prxo .nJdnr ,lluqol'JaU Arsnlf,ur 'aleualer.u allB apalelarJel o rS nr1r1 auriuot ErJalEg

    'nrurlopuBrS urpoasurd 'nrr/ Ine .lur8re'nruels 'udnt :aplatu rS nr:qrsrefrqo ep to]lnpuo3rr.uas IerJe]€IUun qzzaztllln e^zeq ap Eleld

    'Blurlrlf, r$ uorzg :aptuaruepury aiugl$ pnop urp rollr?]erre1ntel1nzar 1rms pqotu uoJalal Inun eereuorioury 16 uricnrlsuo3

    1a1ua811a1ur azr4rzodsrp a{E IS elqou errcoJale}?rE] runre EieI^ g re ?1rraJrp ap tgr ga-lieqtetul .11qour

    FuoJala] apeelerJeleru asJalrp reru ela, urp puodtaJuof alsa arer rr4rzodsp un

    PdeuaBxorgqez

    glgugzr-9r}urdnrurtunP

    arrulqf, aiuulsqn5

    'nrpur rS nruuls ap Iz1xo afrzoduorur aJe a.re: rS f,rJ]lala Flualnf,af,nPuotr aJef IerJalBr.u un nf,pllradore elsg'efruefaur eiualsrzaralSarc r-e nrluad nrselod r$ nrpos'nrurtunle g8nepe as r eraJpf ,nrlrlsap pgolp auriuor af, .gpr:ads?ltrqs o-Jlurp lezlleal alsa InrrEJlg

    'lnrag rS przauBeu

  • e-!lrt e ese{) ,t"t}{{ae{ trenue11

    ']€UE rE af eaaf riurza:d es aJef, q 969 oBzuaJoqela 1eztleue IeIJalEu eJelag nJluad 'do:s a: u1 rS :sasolo; as IUnl

    elezrJoJne eueos.rad o nes ttiur-rgd gqea.r1u1 tS aptraleu alsaf,B gzeazrleuY'c1a uasdorr 'la)ete'arsat8 'sdt8rr 'sosdt 'luaurt: :ati:nrlsuof aP elelJaleru

    esJelrp ursoloJ 'BsBf ul uizreda: ruaftJ nus urrrgr8nz PuVf '€

    'a:rue3.ro afuelsqns nrled rS aclue8roue aiuulsqns n-4ed'apr.raluru

    n-rled'rrnd.roc nrled B alaumu prado:sap 6 om8{ ulp InaJel q'Z

    'raln 'afrlseld aseur 'nrdn: 'Ptrueq '1or1ad

    'utua1 'uaSrxo 'lur8re 'ede 'runq;Pf, '

  • ry) r 1L -/

    rolr4nlos eerrzPrui :ilLzll!4n

    1u1dpury n, uolufl

    altexa rrierluatuo:ap rolrrinlos earerrdard :afizqtln

    lulol uolBfl

    rolaPrurTr EsrrzlPluJ,aPrqrrrrolaiuelsqns earellzodap :arazltln

    radaluualJfl rurlBd

    gfnlosJoun BaJrzpJur nes earereda td :auzyln

    snllazreg rDrlBd

    aiuelsqns ap rrtu dplfue:nc eluaunradxa ep EeJenpe;a :elozlfln

    epqnJdt

    il

    arftear ep Insel urprq)rl rnun eerurnrrd

    IS plqrll ap rn1ntunloleaJeJnsetu :afi2411n

    gradld\ *:{ E3 *iir

    ?Irps ulp epuodraJuor ellsueNn'rolPrnfuof,ul InInIPatu B 16 alreosJed rarrdord B eriJalord ap

    alaruroN {:adsar9s Is roleJoqel eP elsue$n alePdrtuud Bsoun, Bs resaf,au else ,FuIq, lueurlJadxa un BnlraJe

    B nJlued

    1uFur nes urual urD eleuorif,eJuoJ lunseJBrFxne alelelraleW 'uulaiJod uIP Is PIJrls ulp aleuolifaJuof,

    luns Iereue8 zn ap Joleroqgl ap alalsuelsn

    | trel:ads ralTrqoru *roleroq8l eP ?rqBredBalwqp ep lnroproqoT _ gy otnfig

    iul EpolS urp lnroluJoqel ul )sas?8er es sof rctu elepal elaf, erlurp arEJ.role[sua]sn u rs arurrqc ap

    .a)rurrlf Jol sulrS ernlurede .ap{eplsur nc aJaas rre4 rupf,rTdxa ?sIS uud rS Irpqerlulur o elsa eIIur.{J

    alult|) ap lnroleroqel

    I

  • u-xIA e esu[3 n"r]ued IBnIIEWBI}\

    ali:

    PIqTIII5 plqr

    EAJPI

    9S IS

    AJEITI

    ee] EI

    rolalrl

    rS ern

    AS A]I

    rS :o1r

    [llaun(

    Jol?roq?I eP JolasE^

    eefiqry)u[ nrluad godns :ara4lflnrag ap palda{

    JolBJoqel aP rolasB^

    eerrzlgf,ul nluad uodns :arozttln,IruaJer lu4s nJ PIIS

    piuelsqns

    ap r)nu riglrluec Joun Ear?raJsueJ]rS (eara8urlxa) eare.r,a1a.rd :afiztfJA

    Plnluds

    aprlos rolafuelsqns Barlzlprul :atDzlqln

    ?Insduc

    allraJlp riglrsuap nc (eralsarueos nu arer) elrqrf,srrueu

    rolaprqrll ?are ndas :atozq4narurBdas ap elulgd

    PrnsPur eP

    elase,t. ul utuas el EaJaJnpe :rolale1rdr:arde arepds ap rrierado ul prcsaf,au

    'alelps1p rade earerlspd :arvztfinrolldorls nus plasld

    'laurqoJ nc glnze,tard alsa

    elernlg '(grn1g:rd n: grnlprrd Inlnprqrrleare8ppz) arerlrt ep rrie.rado rS aprqtll apJOIatrInIOA e Plf,"xa eaJErns?u :atoztrln

    Plarnlg

    rolareqedrriarad ad ap (ap11os rolaiuelsqns)

    rolalelrdr:ard earelrpdapul frolrinloseaJe)alserue rS eerelr8e :afizq1n

    PIrIls ep Plaqtufl

    .ro1e1a qnrda ee r:zlp)uI : a fi z qqnutuel ap er6al)

    alaqnrda 1to dns : atozryln

    alaqnrda nrlued^Ilcls

    eilzP^)u\:aJazllun

    zet ep raq IS ?raIUIdS

    aprlos .rolaiuelsqns Earulalsatu?

    16 (ea:riun;gru) earurefour :uvztfln

    []sld nr re(ol J

    rolaiuep gns ?onrylugl :afinflnsua, eP Plrps

    Jolaplqrll Jolerunlo^ Paremsz^tn :alazqqn

    luPurt nrPuIIIc

    erertlg ap erierado

    "l nrllu ap eqryq nrluad lrodns

    :Inllu ul se^ un-rlulp rolePIqrIT(earulnu) eerezelsuerl : afi zqqn

    Pprls aP aluIgd

    rolaiuelsqns ea.relrzodap : afi zq\n

    IAIlrEar nrluad elrlls

    uuleirod uIp aleuodreJuo, ausualsfl

    arBIIIxnu alelraluw

    pllrls urP alBuorif, aJuoJ alTsualsrl

    E Plrad

  • flIT1[IHf,

    'undps rS gde nc 1uryru ad upds ra,r e1 r$nJrnl ep Inlol BI eurpJo ef,eJ ra^ tolaluaturradxe eareururral gdnq .

    'rrnaSapnrlued aprcads esel ur afuelsqns ap elunlser eleolgz*apeloC

    ipla nrq,ul JolaleqnJda plnurluoc rlo8 nu :olaluauruedxa earenpa;e gdnq .

    ze? ap Infeq nus era4rrds .a1fua1e nc ,apugdy .'pardarl rm ad glezeie.crururar 1er1s

    nf, pys o ad erngsere eareuorfrzod urrd pllps ep sel un alsezpoul .'aJBInJJrf, rrgc6rur pupn]raJa .ralaqrrds

    IIJplpu e greouadns eaged tII o-npoJlur rs rga10c ards nes aul} ardsgluldarpug U u ?rp; 'pleullrul upqnrde aurf .uural ap rnpl6ap proln(unc epqnrda epurrd,piuelsqns auriuoc ac elaqnrda rzlp)ulB uJuad o

    rnln1truroqel algzeloduugnes rJnJseJ nrluad proads Jollelof, sBA un-Jlul al_Bzeasralap 1c ,1un1p_a1

    alef, urp InsB ul rodeug atmd al nu (aiuelsqns) r,upear ep elrnlse5 .

    treal erretu"+

    'erolseru aprndop ela eJlul Bqurrqcs nu 16 rzr4trBoJ nJ alaluardrcar asrqcsepEspl nN 'sns ul pperun ealrud nf, Ar]f,eal nf, ralrqs pdop pzesy o

    lpludgr: nes gyudselrylrlls uzllln n51 lqSasolo; al ere, ed glcqs urp alalsualsn prguafi o

    'rlrpeal nf, elelJrls ad ap alalaqcrle arfuelenc r$a1rc ec gdnp rurunu.elef,rpur aiuelsqns ap eliputuef, a$asolog .

    'aluacard elalsualsnrS aleiuelsqns munu pzee4'11lnrS nrcnl ep 1npour erfuele nc aga1r3 .

    '(.c1e rnrcnec ap l6nugur

    'uelaqco) ericalord ap aceol(rtuefp IS rsolo; rfod .rnlnrosa;orderfeorpur e1 prqd rf-atugrls rSInleleq pterqru1 .pplueu4radxa

    eelelrlrlJu odacul e ap alureul r

    ,oleroqpl uJ rolaluauuadxa lupnl)zto lndulluJ rolprn[uo>u1 lnlnlpau e 16 aueosrad laudord eqfea]ord

  • lr-xlA u ests{3 nr}uad {enuEl\AIIl

    e\run4x ap lntoproqq w polA - L I orn8ry

    'gdu rS undps

    pugzr1rln 'lulgru ad gleds as BIrEW IS pEIA 'e^znedul 'Pla^n1r{tr ul ralaqnrda

    plnurfuo: psJe^ PBIA 'Jalef, uI ro1 agrfe.trasqo PzEalou ao pdng

    iPqreu gs ada:u1 InpHlII Pugr IlunlB 'Euew PleJ Ps alnqar] aJ'apada.r a15azp:u1as

    ppHrI'I 'ta a.rds gleldarpug alnqarl nu tS urual ap a1$a1l tnun proln(u n:plnull alnqa[ elagnrda gc eriuale a8trle II PEIA 'PrE]EU ul alnpor]ul o

    rode 'a1e1gun[ ad o-pugldun 'p]aqn-rda u1 IIAI]leaJ arnpoJ]ul €IreW'alsalnlolul o

    aruc ad'plreds elaqn:da ? Jesqo rS ze8 ap 1nlaq apulJdu,ulue-roqe1

    ,pel^ IS srrew 9leJ PSrnqaJl re gr rfapart a3 'glreds alsa Alluls urp ulaqnrda fl E]e]suof, If

    'uunardul azallnl

    gs ealnd e nrluad aldatse gs pel1 ad gSeor 11 rS eSg arlualu n: a1Sa1t:€rrEW 'rn1nluleq Ilrnlseu aPqru1 rS1 rode '1nrpd aSugrls rS1 errery']BIer{ eeAB egrc4'azannl gs adalul rS nrlnl ap e6g apada; a15a1rl peln

    'IAI]f,BaI nf, alflls o

    lzeB ap caq.ia1Sa1: .

    iglagnrda ':alaqn;da nrluad Aflels .

    :Jol"Joqel UIP allsualsn alaJeoleluln

    gzeazrlrltl aJef, ul luaulradxa un ezerleeJ PS alnqaJl pel^ Is elJew

    nfe

    IIJPT

    Plelcnr el

    NES I.

    eJef

    ap alaurou

    i i-.: t i,-,

    'eJoJl

    "SPI

    arJel:

    nr rlS

    tS alaj

    'ueyar

    A]IB Ierietr

    IntelE3a]"1!

    ppadsar as nuTglradsar as aluf, uI rolorogel uI alel1.llllv

    :o1 rugl:adsarau alafurJasuof, ]uns aJef rS unlard 'alelladsar lso-ln€ nu aJer a1a: ad rS alu]:adsa.r ]soJ ne aJer roleroqul ul nrlnl ap aym8a'r

    't fpqq ulp m1nlapolu lrrroJuor'laqe] ap guroJ qns'9Sg o ad rie1o51'roleJoqEI ur punardul BZBallni

    pel1 IS Brrew aretr ul Inpou rode 'sns Iuur ap aym8ar dlllf, 'fl;g8a1o: o nes 3a1o: un nf, ellulf,.res apudrul

    a))alad uI zlPlr^ltlv

    NJf,T

    nlluUI JT

    u

    grgpadsarau Inzef, ul ayafugrasuo3

    pttt - t flpqot

    I

  • g{w{H3

    '(dorrs alSaunu as1n:alsauru) gde ul prqnlos 'esBorfrruerqJs ,eropoul .pqp .gpllos giuelsqns alsa

    InrpqEZ .gde ul

    rqnlos.,, elsars (a1e1r:r1su1de^lurzetd) PIsIiIq eluroJ ul IuaAaJ u

    EJR, eJeorralxa airo; raun eaunrif, qns FzeaurJoJep as eJel'(eueru alsa e:epdod ea-r[unuap) g:r1erso.r eJeolnf ap p[os un a]sa prdn3 .(e:nue:es alsaunu

    as ,,la]se..,e)gde q Bllqnlos 'es,orf,rru,rEls 'Fropoul '?qF .?p11os piuelsqns o alsa arrplptrnq ap ear,S .giuarasqg

    '(-: t ap glelnq o) nrdn: ep erufts rcde,tgrqez pursoloJ .(aqrgq aplafa,r"raS un nc pru(ou sralS rS lepds re ac gdnp) aprfe:ado g1ada6 .1aqu1ur aprfe,r-rasqo gzealoN irlrasqo a3 .e1aqn:da p16V .gdu ep -1ut

    t_Zg8ngpe rS elereforu err?]erng ap arES ap gpleds apJrg un plaqnrda o_rlurnpoJlur rode .g(r,r8 nt ,ezeatv(ow .arJplplnq ap aJEs ap efru alelrlu,f,o reforu un-J]ur aund rapleds proln(e nJ .ale]rJnp .aJeolnt ,1:adse e1aJeolrlaJal ap1 agrfu,rrasqo