Curricula Da Vinci

7/27/2019 Curricula Da Vinci

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LEONARDO da VINCI ProgrammePilot Project no RO/02/B/F/PP – 141004

“TRAINING MODULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL”

CURRICULUM OF COURSE:

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION MONITORING

POLLUTION, ANALYSIS, LEGISLATION,

QUALITY ASSURANCE AND MANAGEMENT

www.unibuc.ro/hosting/leonardo

http://www.unibuc.ro/hosting/leonardo

http://www.unibuc.ro/hosting/leonardo



Bucharest 2005

1. GENERAL PRESENTATION

Environmental pollution remains an important issue, for both the

population and the economic and political decision factors in all

countries throughout the world; even they are developed or developing

countries.

Huge efforts are made for the environmental pollution monitoringand control, especially in industrial countries, and the achievements are

sometimes impressive. However, a lot remains to be done in fighting

pollution, as the experts working in this field are not only facing issues

that are already known, but also new issues that are triggered mainly by

the economic growth at a global level.

Both in Romania and in the European Union’s countries, the

education system is preparing experts in the field of environmental

pollution monitoring and control, at a graduate or master’s level.However, due to the swift progress currently achieved in the above-

mentioned field throughout the world, the need was felt for organising

other forms of training as well, especially short duration studies at post-

graduate level conducive to the improvement of the knowledge of

experts working in environmental pollution control.

Within this professional training programme, we deemed it

appropriate to approach the main issues related to environmental

pollution monitoring and control in an integrated manner, not bypresenting the analytical methods of pollution control exclusively. Thus,

this book is structured in five chapters as follows:

I. Organic and inorganic environmental pollutants in air and waters. Sonic and electromagnetic pollution

II. Analytical techniques for environmental monitoring and control

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III. Automatic analytical methods for environmental monitoring and control

IV. Standardisation and legislation in the field of

environmental monitoring and control V. Laboratory quality assurance and management of

laboratory activity in the field of environmental monitoring and control including sonic and electromagnetic pollution

In addition to the main course, the activity within a training

module is complemented by practical studies. A laboratory guide was

drafted to this purpose comprising experimental exercises related to

chapters: II, III and V. Special attention was also granted to the writing of

three computer programmes that simulate some analytical processes

and that we think adequately complement the training activity within the

module.

The course addresses to:

Young graduated students from faculties of: chemistry,

biochemistry, biology, ecology, engineering, etc.

Employed / un-employed persons interested to acquire a

qualification in the field of environmental monitoring and

control.

Trainers from environmental monitoring and control field.

Pollutant / potential pollutant enterprises.

Local, regional and governmental authorities interested in

the project subject.

This book is a course that aims at updating the knowledge of

graduate people working or interested in environmental pollution control,

within a two-week postgraduate training modules.The structure of the course is offering to this teaching material a

strong innovative character. But the quality and adequacy of the

innovation must be carefully checked in real situations, in carefully

organised pilot learning environments. So, special assessment

techniques were designed to evaluate this course.

The course was achieved within a pilot project funded by the

European Union’s professional training programme “Leonardo da Vinci”,

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with the participation of 10 partners from five countries (Romania,

France, Italy, Spain and Sweden).

COORDINATOR:

University of Bucharest (ROMANIA) www.unibuc.ro

Prof. Dr. Andrei Florin DĂNEŢ danet @unibuc.ro,

[email protected]

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mihaela Carmen CHEREGI [email protected]

[email protected] Senior Scientist Dr. Mihaela BADEA [email protected]

[email protected]

PARTNERS:

CEAM (SPAIN) www.gva.es/ceam

University of Valencia (SPAIN) www.uv.es

University of Perpignan (FRANCE) www.univ-perp.fr

University “Tor Vergata” , Rome (ITALY) www.uniroma2.it

ECOIND (ROMANIA) www.incdecoind.ro

ICECHIM (ROMANIA) www.icechim.ro

ITEC-BRAZI (ROMANIA) www.itec.ro

ANOX (SWEDEN) www.anox.se

University of Lund (SWEDEN) www.analykem.lu.se

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http://www.unibuc.ro/

mailto:[email protected]









http://www.gva.es/ceam

http://www.uv.es/

http://www.univ-perp.fr/

http://www.uniroma2.it/


http://www.incdecoind.ro/


http://www.icechim.ro/

http://www.itec.ro/

http://www.anox.se/

http://www.anox.se/

http://www.analykem.lu.se/

http://www.unibuc.ro/







http://www.gva.es/ceam

http://www.uv.es/

http://www.univ-perp.fr/



http://www.icechim.ro/

http://www.itec.ro/

http://www.anox.se/

http://www.analykem.lu.se/



2. DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER I

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS IN AIR AND WATERS. SONIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION

It is a general presentation and characterisation of the principal

organic and inorganic pollutants in air and waters and also, of sonic and

electromagnetic pollution.

I.1.

REFERENCES....................................................................................................15

I.2. WATER POLLUTANTS ......................................................19

• Chapter II. ANALYTICAL MEHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING AND CONTROL............................................................19

• Chapter III. AUTOMATIC ANALYTICAL MEHODS FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CONTROL............................19

CHAPTER II

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CONTROL

5



Most of the analytical techniques find their applicability in

environmental control, from the simplest to the most complicated one.

This has increased the difficulty for the creation of this course that

attempts to present over a small length and in a concise and clear manner the most important analytical techniques being applied in the

mentioned domain.

After an INTRODUCTION (II.1), in the following chapters a few

basic notions are presented regarding:

II.2. ELEMENTARY STATISTICS

In an analysis, the collection of the data is followed by the data

handling. Statistics is necessary to understand the significance of the

collected data and therefore to set up limitations on each step of

analysis. The aspects described are:

Accuracy and Precision

Errors and Ways of Expressing Accuracy

Measures of Precision

II.3. SAMPLE, SAMPLING AND PREPARATION

This stage is extremely important for the analytical determination,

especially when environmental samples are analyzed and, often, proper

attention is not paid to it. The fact is known that generally the sampling

and sample preparing for analysis generate the largest errors in

environmental analysis. In the following chapter a few basic notions

regarding the sampling and the preparing of the sample for analysis

were presented.

Sample and Sampling

- Sample and Sampling; Statistics of Sampling; Sample

Handling.

Sample Preparation

- Sample Extraction; Sample Cleanup; Digestion; Dilution;

Filtering.

II.4. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL

ANALYSIS

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The presentation of the analytical techniques starts with the

“classical” methods like gravimetry and volumetry, these techniques

maintaining a certain importance in almost all the environmental control

laboratories and continues with the most important instrumental analysistechniques. All of these issues are presented in a concise manner (in

our opinion) with applications for environmental control as follows:

Gravimetric Analysis

- Physical Gravimetry; Thermogravimetry; Precipitative

Gravimetry.

Volumetric Analysis

- Fundamentals of Titrimetry.

Spectrophotometric Analysis

- Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation; Molecular Absorption

of Electromagnetic Radiation; Quantitative Law of Radiation

Absorption; Quantitative Analysis in the UV-Vis;

Instrumentation for UV-Vis Spectrometry.

Atomic Absorption and Emission

- Introduction; Atomic Absorption Spectrometry; Atomic

Emission Spectrometry; Physical and Chemical

Interferences in AAS and AES.

Electrochemical Methods of Analysis

- Introduction; Conductometric Methods; Potentiometric

Methods; Voltammetric Methods; Modes of Current-Voltage

Measurements; Chronoamperometry; Stripping

Voltammetry.

Chromatography: ionic, GC and HPLC

- Introduction; Types of Chromatography; Clasification of

Chromatographic Processes; Chromatographic Theory. An

overview; Ion Chromatography; Ion Exchange; Gas

Chromatography; High Performance Liquid

Chromatography (HPLC); Applications.

Mass-spectrometry

- Definition; Principles; The Mass Spectrum; Sample

Introduction; Ionization modes in mass spectrometry; Mass

7



Analyzers; Ion Detection Systems; Mass Spectrometry –

Working Modes

Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry

- Definition; Principles; Interfacing MS to GC; Data Systemfor GC / MS Instrumentation; Data Interpretation Modes in

GC / MS; Qualitative Information in GC / MS; Quantitative

Information in GC / MS; Applications.

Immunoassay

- Immunoassay Principle; ELISA Technique ;

Immunochemical Sensors.

II.5. METHODS FOR MONITORING THE MOST IMPORTANT

POLLUTANTS

The chapter ends with the presentation of the monitoring

methods for some important environmental pollutants:

Phenols

Nitrogen (nitrite, nitrate, ammonia)

Cyanide

- Samples pre-treatment; Silver Nitrate Titrimetric Method;

Colorimetric Method; Ion-Selective Electrode Method;

Cyanide in Solid Samples; Cyanide in Aerosol and Gas

Samples.

Heavy metals

- Sampling and Treatment; Sample Digestion; Atomic

Absorption Spectrometry for Heavy Metals Determination;

Specific Methods for Determination the Most Important

Heavy Metals Pollutants.

Pesticides

- Monitoring of Pesticides; Separation Techniques;

Immunoassay; Biosensors and Immunosensors.

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs);

- Quantitation; Sample Extraction and Cleanup; Alternative

Analytical Methods.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

8



Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

CHAPTER III

AUTOMATIC ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTALMONITORING AND CONTROL

III.1. INTRODUCTION

In the last decades can be observed the use on a larger and

larger scale of automation in various domains of science and technique,

and especially in the domain of environmental quality monitoring. This

was possible due to the great progresses in the top technology fields,

like micromechanics, microelectronics and especially computer

construction.

In the following chapters a short presentation of the automated

flow analysis methods will be made with applications in the

environmental quality domain, together with other automated analysis

methods with important applications in the mentioned domain.

III.2. FLOW TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS

Automatic flow methods of chemical analysis, unknown for more

then a half a century ago are now widespread in most analytical

laboratories. Since the original paper published by Skeggs in 1957 on

multisegmented continuous flow analysis, many improvements and even

simplifications have been made on this field with numerous applicationsin the environmental monitoring and control. A short description of these

techniques and the commercial available continuous analysers is done

as follows:

Introduction in CFA, FIA and SIA

- Continuous Flow Analysis; Segmented Flow Analysis; Flow

Injection Analysis; Sequential Injection Analysis;

Hyphenated Systems.

9



Automated Flow Analysers

- Continuous and Discontinuous Systems; Commercial

Automated Flow Analyzers; The future – Microfluids.

Application of the Flow Techniques of Analysis in

Environmental Monitoring and Control

- Introduction; Water Monitoring and Control; Monitoring and

Control in Rain Water; Water Quality, Wastewater;

Atmospheric Monitoring and Control; Soil Pollutants.

III.3. MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR AIR POLLUTANTS

LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)

- Introduction; LIDAR Design; Application of LIDAR in

Environmental Monitoring.

DOAS for Environmental Control

- Introduction; Principle of DOAS Operation; Spectral

Regions Usable for DOAS Measurements; How is Working

a DOAS Based Instrument?; DOAS Application in Pollution

Monitoring.

Other aspects discussed in this chapter are:

Automation in Immunoassay

III.4. AUTOMATIC SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

CHAPTER IV

STANDARDISATION AND LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CONTROL

In the first part of this chapter are presented a series of

environmental protection treaties, conventions and agreements

10



established or signed between nations which were put forth to protect

wildlif e, wildlife habitat, oceans, atmosphere and hazardous substances.

V.1. AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS

An Overview of International Conventions and Agreements

The Relationship between International Trade and

Environmental Controls

The European Union Environmental Programmes

In the second part, a comparison of the legislation and the

criteria of water and air quality in 4 countries of the European

Community (France, Italy, Spain and Sweden), Romania and in the

United States of America is presented as follows:

IV.2. LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING AND CONTROL

Comparison of the Characteristics of surface water for

production of drinking water in France, Italy, Romania,

Sweden and Spain

- Chemical indicators to evaluate the quality of surface

water; Characteristics of Raw Water for Human Use in

France; Monitoring Program for Drinking Water in France;

Emission Limit of Urban Effluent of Waste Water Plant.

Air Pollution

IV.3. STANDARDIZATION FOR THE MOST IMPORTANT

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS

CHAPTER V

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LABORATORY QUALITY ASSURANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF LABORATORY ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CONTROL INCLUDING

SONIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION

In the INTRODUCTION (V.1) of this chapter is stipulated the

importance of quality assurance of the products and services, that

constitutes an important issue in modern society.

Services and commodities, which are not fit for their intended

purpose may give rise to economic losses and may impair human health

and/or the environment. This means that the concerned parties need to

assess the quality of the products or services prior to purchase or use.

The aspect discussed here are:

V.2. CONCEPT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT, QUALITY

ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL

What is Quality?

Quality Management

Quality Assurance

Quality Control

V.3. LABORATORY QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Elements of Quality Management System

- Quality Policy; Quality Objectives; Quality Manual;

Procedures; Records.

V.4. QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING AND CONTROL LABORATORIES INCLUDING

SONIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION

Management Requirements

- Organization; Quality System; Document Control; Review

of Request; Tenders and Contracts; Subcontracting of

Tests; Purchasing Services and Supplies; Services to the

Client; Complaints; Control of Nonconforming Testing

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Work; Corrective Action; Preventive Action; Control of

Records; Internal Audit; Management Reviews.

Technical Requirements

- Personnel and Training; Accommodation andEnvironmental Conditions; Test Methods and Method

Validation; Equipment; Measurements Traceability;

Sampling; Handling of Tests Items; Assuring the Quality of

Tests Results; Reporting the Results.

3. LEVEL

A. Prerequisite:

For young graduated students (aged 22 - 28) those are at the

beginning of their work period and who want to become specialists in the

field of environmental monitoring and control.

For people (with a University diploma) with qualifications not needed

on the labour market, or being at risk of exclusion from the actual and

further labour market, as well as, unemployed persons interested to

acquire qualifications in the field of the project.

13



For improving the knowledge of the trainers from the environmental

monitoring and control and of the local, regional and governmental

authorities and other organizations interested in this domain.

B. Aims and objectives:

The main objectives of the proposed course are to improve the

environmental monitoring and control and to train a big number of

specialists in this domain by up-dating their knowledge in this field and

by working with modern equipments and analytical methods.

All the information collected from different companies / authorities

indicates that the employees have little knowledge about the

environmental monitoring and control. They often require much more

knowledge about the analytical methods or technical problems,

legislation, quality assurance and management of laboratory activity for

environmental protection. That is why they need time and

complementary training (usually organised by the company or

apprentice stage with a much experienced employee with the same job

functions as a coach) to become able of perform their daily duties.

Taking this into account, this course is also available in electronic form,

on CD, and several chapters are available on the webpage of the

project. In this way it is more facile for the interested persons to upgrade

their knowledge in the field of environmental protection.

The specific aims of the proposed course are: the development in a

transnational context, of an European dimension training course in the

field of environmental monitoring and control; re-conversion of the labour

forces in this field and the alignment at the European standards of the

vocational training methods – the graduates beside a better vocational

training will find easier a job, their training being recognized all over the

Europe ; a change in the old educational system and this means that all

the theoretical aspects are linked to practice.

The proposed course together with the other training materials

can prepare specialists more adequately fitted to environmental

protection jobs and can satisfy the challenges of the modern economy

and society.

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Electromagnetic Fields, Yale University Press.2. Bregman, J., (1999) Environmental Impact Statements, Second

edition, Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC.3. Brook, G. A., Folkoff, M. E., Box, E. O., (1983) A World Model of Soil

Carbon Dioxide, Earth Surf. Proc. Landforms, S, 79-88.4. Christian, G.D., (1994) “ Analytical Chemistry ”, Fifth Edition, Wiley,

New York.

5. Clarkson, T.W., (1991) Toxicity of Agents: Metals (ContinuingEducation Course #3), Society of Toxicology Meeting, Dallas, pp.26-44.

6. Eisler, R., (2000) Handbook of Chemical Risk Assessment: Health

Hazards to Humans, Plants and Animals, CRC Press, LLC.7. Jacobson, M.Z., (2002) Atmospheric Pollution. History, Science and

Regulation, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.8. Lide, D. R., (ed.) (1998) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.

CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, Likens.

9. Liu, D.H.F., Liptak, B.G., (eds.) (1999) Environmental Engineers’ Handbook, Second Edition, CRC Press, LLC.10. Li, Y., Powers, T. E., Roth, H. D., (1994) Random effects linear

regression meta-analysis models with application to nitrogen dioxidehealth effects studies, J. Air Waste Manag. Assn., 44, 261-70.

11. Manahan, S.E., (2000) Environmental Chemistry , Seventh Edition,Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC.

12. Manahan, S.E., (2001) Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry ,Boca Raton, CRC Press, LLC.

13. Danet, A. F., (1995) Metode Instrumentale de Analiză Chimică,Editura Stiinţifică, Bucureşti.

14. Danet, A. F., (1996) Metode Electrochimice de Analiză, EdituraStiinţifică, Bucureşti.

15. Schnelle, K.B., Brown, C.A., (2002) Air Pollution Control Technology

Handbook , CRC Press LLC.16. Rouessac, F., Rouessac, A., (2003) Chemical Analysis – Modern

Instrumental Methods and Techniques, Wiley, New York.17. Enke, C.G., (2001) The Art and Science of Chemical Analysis , John

Wiley, New York.

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18. Harvey, D., (2000) Modern Analytical Chemistry , Mc Graw HillComp.

19. Rubinson, K.A., Rubinson, J.F., (2000) Contemporary Instrumental

Analysis, Prentice Hall Inc.20. Karasek, F.W., Clement, R.E., (1988) Basic Gas Chromatography-

Mass Spectrometry: Principles & Techniques, Elsevier, Amsterdam.21. Hites, R.A., (1992) Handbook of Mass Spectra Environmental

Contaminants, 2nd Ed., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.22. McLafferty, F.W., (1989) Registry of Mass Spectral Data with

Structures, 5th edition, Wiley, New York.23. Oehme, M., (1999) Practical Introduction to GC-MS Analysis with

Quadrupoles, Wiley – VCH, Weinheim.

24. Mc Master, M.C., McMaster, C., (1998) GC-MS: A Practical User’sGuide, Wiley – VCH, New York.

25. Niessen, W.M.A., (2001) Current Practice of Gas Chromatography –

Mass Spectrometry , Series Chromatographic Science, Vol. 86,Marcel Dekker, New York.

26. NIST / EPA / NIH, (1995) Mass Spectral Library for WindowsTM ,Gaithersburg, MD: NIST Standard Reference Data.

27. Nikolelis, D.P., Krull, U.J., Wang, J., Mascini, M., (eds.) (1997)Biosensors for Direct Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants in

Field , Kluwer Academic Publishers, the Netherlands.28. Blum, L.J., Coulet, P.R., (eds.) (1991) Biosensor Principles and

Applications, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA.29. Clark, S.A., Thompson, K.C., Keevil, C.W., Smith, M.S., (eds.)

(2001) Rapid Detection Assays for Food and Water , The RoyalSociety of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK.

30. Law, B., (ed.) (1996) Immunoassay. A Practical Guide, Taylor &Francis Ltd., London, UK.

31. Cass, A.E.G., (ed.) (1990) Biosensors. A Practical Approach., Oxford

University Press, New York, USA.32. Tothill, I.E. (ed.) (2003) Rapid and on-line Instrumentation for Food

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Systems. Chemical Analysis and Speciation, John Wiley, WestSussex, England.

34. Clesceri, L.S., Greenberg, A.E., Eaton, A.D., (eds.) (1998) Standard

Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater , 20th edition,United Book Press, Inc., Baltimore, USA.

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35. Stan H.J., (ed.) (1995) Analysis of Pesticides in Ground and Surface

Water , Springer Verlag, Berlin.36. Danet, A.F., (1992 ) Metode Automate de Analiza in Flux , Ed. Univ.

Bucureşti, Bucureşti.37. Ruzicka, J., Hansen, E.H., (1981) Flow Injection Analysis, John

Wiley, New York.38. Valcarcel, M., Luque de Castro, M.D., (1987) Flow Injection

Analysis. Principles and Applications, Ellis Horwood Ltd.39. Ruzicka, J., Hansen, E.H., (1988) Flow Injection Analysis, Second

Edition, Wiley, New York.40. Burguera, J.L., (ed.) (1989) Flow Injection Atomic Spectroscopy ,

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41. Karlberg, B., Pacey, G.E., (1989) Flow Injection Analysis. A Practical Guide, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

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43. Frenzel, W., (1993) Flow Injection Analysis. Principles, Techniques

and Applications, Technical Univ. Berlin, Berlin.44. Sanz-Mendel, A., (ed.) (1999) Flow Analysis with Atomic

Spectrometric Detectors, Elsevier, Amsterdam.45. Martinez Calatayud, J., (ed.) (1997) Flow Injection Analysis of

Pharmaceuticals: Automation in the Laboratory, Taylor & Francis,London, England.

46. Trojanowicz, M., (1999) Flow Injection Analysis: Instrumentation and

Applications, Word Scientific, River Edge, New York.47. Holton, J.R., Pyle, J., Currie, J.A., (eds.) (2002) Encyclopedia of

Atmospheric Sciences, Academic Press, London.48. Killinger, D.K., Mooradian A., (eds.) (1982) Optical and Laser

Remote Sensing, Springer Verlag, New York.49. Barad, M., (1994) Quality Assurance, In: Encyclopedia of Analytical

Science, Academic Press, p. 4281.50. ISO 9000-2000-Quality Management Systems - Fundamentals and

Vocabulary.51. Guideline for Quality Management in Soil and Plant Laboratories,

FAO Soil Bulletin, 74, Rome, 1998.52. Cofino, W.P., (1993) Quality Assurance in Environmental Analysis.

Techniques in Environmental Analysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam.53. EN ISO /IEC 17025-2000 - General Requirement for the

Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories.

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54. EN ISO 9001-2000 Quality Management System-Requirements.

55. EN ISO 14001-1996 Environmental Management System-

Specification with Guidance for Use.

56. Ratliff, T.A. Jr., (1990) The Laboratory Quality Assurance System,Edited by Van Nostram, Reinhold, New York.

57. Funk, W., Damon, V., Donnevert, G., (1995) Quality Assurance in

Analytical Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, New York.58. Guide to Quality in Analytical Chemistry – an Aid to Accreditation,

Eurachem, CITAC Guide, 2001.59. Brinkmann, R., (2002) Guide for Implementation of ISO/CEI 17025

standard in testing laboratories, Stuttgart University and DAR Ltd.

60. ISO 5667 (part 1÷14) Water Quality. Sampling.

61. ISO 10381 (part 1÷6) – Soil Quality. Sampling .62. ISO 7870:1993- Control Charts- General Principle.

4. LENGTH

The teaching module lasts 10 working days. The total time

normally required to complete the course is 52 hours (26 hours / week)

as follows:

4 hours for each taught chapter (I, II, III. IV, V)

4 hours for each seminar (S) (related to chapters 1 and IV)

8 hours for each laboratory (L) work (related to chapters II,

III, V).

The proposed time planning for the course and the other

complementary activities is:

Chapter I. ORGANIC AND INORGANIC ENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTANTS IN AIR AND WATERS. SONIC ANDELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION

Nr. Lecture title Course S/L

18



crt. (h) (h)

1 I.1. Air pollutants 1.5 1.5 (S)2 I.2. Water pollutants 2 2 (S)

3 I.3. Sonic and electromagnetic pollution 0.5 0.5 (S)TOTAL CHAPTER I 4 4

Chapter II. ANALYTICAL MEHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTALMONITORING AND CONTROL

Nr.

crt.

Lecture title Course

(h)

S/L

(h)

1 II.1. Introduction, II.2. Elementarystatistics, II.3. Sample, sampling and

preparation; II.4. Gravimetric and

volumetric methods.

1 2 (L)

2 II.4. Analytical techniques used in

environmental analysis

2 4 (L)

3 II.5. Methods for monitoring the most

important pollutants

1 2 (L)

TOTAL CHAPTER II 4 8

Chapter III. AUTOMATIC ANALYTICAL MEHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CONTROL

Nr.

crt.


(h)

S/L

(h)

1 III.1. Introduction; III.2. Introduction inCFA, SFA, FIA and SIA

2 3(L)

2 III.3. Modern techniques for air pollutants 1 2 (L)3 III.4. Automatic spectrometry 1 3 (L)TOTAL CHAPETR III 4 8

19



Chapter IV. STANDARDIZATON AND LEGISLATION IN THE FIELDOF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CONTROL

Nr.

crt.


(h)

S/L

(h)

1 IV 1. An introduction to international

environmental controls

1 1 (S)

2 IV.2. Legislation in the field of

environmental monitoring and control

2 2 (S)

3 IV.3. Standardization for the most

important environmental pollutants

1 1 (S)

TOTAL CHAPTER IV 4 4

Chapter V. LABORATORY QUALITY ASSURANCE ANDMANAGEMENT OF LABORATORY ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND

CONTROL INCLUDING SONIC ANDELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION

Nr.

crt.


(h)

S/L

(h)

1 V.1. Introduction; V.2. Concept of quality

management, quality assurance and

quality control

1 2 (L)

2 V.3. Laboratory quality management

system

1 2 (L)

3 V.4. Quality management system in

environmental monitoring and control

laboratories including sonic and

electromagnetic pollution

2 4 (L)

TOTAL CHAPTER V 4 8

TOTAL COURSE 20 32

20



Observation: the rest of 14 hours/week are used by the each student to

prepare, under the guidance of a professor, his short individual work

choosing a subject of his interest area but related to the course content.

5. TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS

a) The courses will be presented as lectures, ended with short periods

of time (5-10 min) devoted to supplementary explanations requested

by the students.b) As it was already mentioned above there would be seminars or

laboratories work for each learning unit, function of its content:

Chapters I and IV with seminars and Chapters II, III and V with

laboratory exercise.

c) Tutorial sessions will be organised for groups or individual students

on request.

d) The students will prepare a short individual work in a printed form as

about 10 pages describing a subject related to their domain of interest but related to the environmental monitoring and control.

They will be supervised by a professor or a researcher and also,

they can use the internet resources.

6. ASSESSMENT

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At the end of the course, it will be formed a commission

composed from professors, researchers involved in the project and

independent experts (local, regional, governmental authorities) and it will

assist at the final evaluation of the students.The evaluation will be done by:

a) Oral and / or written examinations in order to evaluate the

transfer of knowledge and skills acquired at the end the course.

b) Oral presentation of the individual work elaborated by each

student in order to evaluate their ability to make a link between a

subject of their interests and the environmental protection.

The students, who will attend the training course and will obtain

at least “Satisfactory” at the final examination, will receive an official

Certificate.

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Curricula Da Vinci

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Transcript of Curricula Da Vinci