FAMILY Xenocyprididae Gunther, 1868 - minnows, carps, chubs etc. [=Xenocypridina, Hypophthalmichthyina, Opsariichthyini, Cultrinae, Oxygastrinae, Squaliobarbini, Ctenopharyngodoninae, Tanichthyidae, Tanichthyidae] Notes: Xenocypridina Günther, 1868:205 [ref. 1990] (group) Xenocypris [stem changed to Xenocyprin- by Nichols 1943:10 [ref. 26787], confirmed by Yang in Wu 1964:121 [ref. 4806] and by Cavender & Coburn in Mayden 1992:321 [ref. 23260]; about 1980 the stem changed to Xenocypr-, confirmed by Nelson 2006:142 [ref. 32486]; three spellings are used: Xenocyprinae, Xenocyprininae and Xenocypridinae; Xenocypridinae is correct Kottelat 2013b:69 [ref. 32989]] Hypophthalmichthyina Günther, 1868:298 [ref. 1990] (group) Hypophthalmichthys Opsariichthyini Rendahl, 1928:41 [ref. 3702] (tribe) Opsariichthys Cultrinae Kryzanowsky, 1947:55 [ref. 32215] (subgroup) Culter Oxygastrinae Fowler, 1951b:3 [ref.31928] (subfamily) Oxygaster [name only, but used as valid, as Oxygastrini, by Rainboth 1996:67 [ref. 22772] and by Menon 1999:10 [ref. 24904] Article 13.2.1] Squaliobarbini Rainboth, 1991:170 [ref. 32596] (tribe) Squaliobarbus [name only, but bibliographic reference to the description by Howes 1981:40 [ref. 14200] Article 13.1.2; name also used as valid by Cavender and Coburn in Mayden 1992:321 [ref. 23260]] Ctenopharyngodoninae Hosoya, in Nakabo, 1993:222, 1258 [ref. 33124] (subfamily) Ctenopharyngodon [name only, but bibliographic reference to the description by Howes 1981:40 [ref. 14200] Article 13.1.2, see also the English second edition (2002):1464; correct stem is Ctenopharyngodont- Kottelat 2013b:68 [ref. 32989]] Tanichthyidae Chen & Mayden, 2009:547, 549 (family) Tanichthys [not published according to the rules, not available] Tanichthyidae Mayden & Chen, 2010:172 [ref. 32164] (family) Tanichthys

GENUS Anabarilius Cockerell, 1923 - whitefishes, minnows [=Anabarilius (subgenus of Barilius) Cockerell, [T. D. A.] 1923:532, Nicholsiculter Rendahl [H.], 1928:118, Rohanus Chu [Y.-T.], 1935:12] Notes: [ref. 13498]. Masc. Barilius andersoni Regan, 1904. Type by original designation. As (p. 532) "A really distinct subgenus or genus... " Treated as a subgenus on legend to Pl. 18. •Valid as Anabarilius Cockerell, 1923 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:71 [ref. 13499], Chen & Chu 1980:417 [ref. 20983], He & Wang 1984 [ref. 8216], Chen 1986 [ref. 17649], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:56 [ref. 13584], Zhou & Cui 1992:50 [ref. 14489], Yang & Chen 1995:137 [ref. 23555], Bănărescu 1997:20 [ref. 23274], Chen in Chen 1998:108 [ref. 23556], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:121 [ref. 23878], Dai et al. 2005:213

[ref. 32143], Takeuchi & Hosoya 2011:10 [ref. 21144], Kottelat 2013:73 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Anabarilius Cockerell, 1923. Xenocyprididae. (Nicholsiculter) [ref. 3702]. Masc. Hemiculter andrewsi Nichols, 1918. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Anabarilius of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Anabarilius Cockerell, 1923 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:71 [ref. 13499], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:56 [ref. 13584], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:121 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:73 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anabarilius Cockerell, 1923. Xenocyprididae. (Rohanus) [ref. 832]. Masc. Ischikauia transmontana Nichols, 1925. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Anabarilius of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Valid as Rohanus Chu, 1935 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:70 [ref. 13499]). •Synonym of Anabarilius Cockerel, 1923 -- (Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:56 [ref. 13584], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:121 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:73 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anabarilius Cockerel, 1923. Xenocyprididae.

Species Anabarilius alburnops (Regan, 1914) - silvery whitefish, silver minnow [=Barilius alburnops Regan [C. T.], 1914:260, Hemiculter andrewsi Nichols [J. T.], 1918:17] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 13 (no. 74); ref. 18514] Yunnan Fu, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius alburnops (Regan, 1914). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (andrewsi) [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 31; ref. 3171] Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Anabarilius alburnops (Regan, 1914). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius andersoni (Regan, 1904) - Yunnan Fu whitefish (author) [=Barilius andersoni Regan [C. T.], 1904:416] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 14 (no. 84) (art. 57); ref. 15201] Lake at Yunnan Fu, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius andersoni (Regan, 1904). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Southwestern China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius brevianalis Zhou & Cui, 1992 - Canyu minnow (author)

[=Anabarilius brevianalis Zhou [W.] & Cui [G.-H.], 1992:51, Fig. 4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14489] Canyu River, a tributary of Jinshajiang River, near Huidong town, 26°38'N, 102°34'E, Huidong County, Sichuan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius brevianalis Zhou & Cui, 1992. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius duoyiheensis Li et al., 2002 - Duoyihe minnow (author) [=Anabarilius duoyiheensis Li [W.-X.], Mao [W.-N.] & Lu [Z.-M.], 2002:1, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 28169] Duoyihe, Luoping County, 24°30'N, 104°30'E, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius duoyiheensis Li, Mao & Lu, 2002. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Luoping County, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius goldenlineus Li & Chen, in Li et al., 1995 - goldenline minnow (author) [=Anabarilius goldenlineus Li [W.-X.] & Chen [A.-L.], in Li, Wu, Chen & Xi, 1995:80 [Engl. 84], Fig. 1 [not seen]] Notes: [Chinese Journal of Fisheries v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 29512] Heilongtan Lunan, 24°45'N, 103°18'E, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius goldenlineus Li & Chen, 1995. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Heilongtan Lunan Reservoir, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius grahami (Regan, 1908) - Chenkiang minnow (author) [=Barilius grahami Regan [C. T.], 1908:357] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 10); ref. 14350] Chenkiang Lake, 90 miles southeast of Yunnan Fu, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius grahami (Regan, 1908). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius liui (Chang, 1944) - Tahochang minnow (author) [=Hemiculter liui Chang [H.-W.], 1944:39, Anabarilius liui chenghaiensis He [J.-C.], in He & Wang, 1984:105 (English p. 108), Fig. 3, Anabarilius liui luquanensis Liu [Z.-H.] & He [J.-C.], 1983:102, Fig. 1, Anabarilius qujingensis He [J.-C.], in He & Wang, 1984:105 (English p. 108), Fig. 2, Anabarilius liui yalongensis Li [C.] & Chen [Z.-M.], 2003:362 [Engl. p. 365], Fig. 1, Anabarilius liui yiliangensis He [J.-C.] & Liu [Z.-H.], in Liu & He, 1983:102, Fig. 2] Notes: [Sinensia v. 15 (nos 1-6); ref. 5136] Tahochang, Sichang, southern China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius liui (Chang, 1944). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (chenghaiensis) [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 8216] Chenghai Lake, Jinsha River system, northwestern Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Anabarilius liui (Chang, 1944). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (luquanensis) [Journal of Yunnan University v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 22556] Zhangjiu River, Luquan County, Jinsha River system, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Anabarilius liui (Chang, 1944). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (qujingensis) [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 8216] Xiaoxiang Reservoir, Nanpan River system, Qujing County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Anabarilius liui (Chang, 1944). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (yalongensis) [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 26915] Yalong River basin, Xichang County, flowing into Jinsha River, upper reaches of Yangtse River, China. Current status: Synonym of Anabarilius liui (Chang, 1944). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (yiliangensis) [Journal of Yunnan University v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 22556] Nanpan River, Yiliang County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Anabarilius liui (Chang, 1944). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius longicaudatus Chen, 1986 - Kuaize minnow (author) [=Anabarilius longicaudatus Chen [Y.-R.], 1986:435, Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 17649] Kuaize River, Fuyuan County, Yunnan Province, China, 25°41'N, 104°15'E. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius longicaudatus Chen, 1986. Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius macrolepis Yih & Wu, 1964 - Yi-lung minnow (author) [=Anabarilius macrolepis Yih [P.-L.] & Wu [C.-K.], 1964:75, Fig. 2-9] Notes: [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 13499] Yi-lung Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius macrolepis Yih & Wu, 1964. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius maculatus Chen & Chu, 1980 - Nanpan minnow (author) [=Anabarilius maculatus Chen [Y.-R.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1980:419, Fig. 2] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 20983] Niujie of Luoping County, Nanpan River system, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius maculatus Chen & Chu, 1980. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius paucirastellus Yue & He, 1988 - Lufeng minnow (author) [=Anabarilius paucirastellus Yue [P.-Q.] & He [J.-C.], 1988:233] Notes: [Journal of Yunnan University v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 26906] Yuanjiang [Yuan River], Lufeng County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius paucirastellus Yue & He, 1988. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater

Species Anabarilius polylepis (Regan, 1904) - big whitefish [=Barilius polylepis Regan [C. T.], 1904:191] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 13 (no. 75) (art. 20); ref. 15197] Sea of Tien [Tien Chih], Yunnan Fu, China, elevation 6000 feet.

Current status: Valid as Anabarilius polylepis (Regan, 1904). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius qiluensis Chen & Chu, 1980 - Qilu minnow (author) [=Anabarilius andersoni qiluensis Chen [Y.-R.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1980:420, Fig. 4] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 20983] Qilu Lake, Tonghai County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius qiluensis Chen & Chu, 1980. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius qionghaiensis Chen, 1986 - Qionghai minnow (author) [=Anabarilius qionghaiensis Chen [Y.-R.], 1986:436, Fig. 2] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 17649] Qionghai Lake, Sichuan Province, China, 27°44'N, 102°11'E. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius qionghaiensis Chen, 1986. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius songmingensis Chen & Chu, 1980 - Songming minnow (author) [=Anabarilius songmingensis Chen [Y.-R.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1980:419, Fig. 3] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 20983] Shanyou Reservoir of Songiming County, upper Niulan River, Jinsha River system, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius songmingensis Chen & Chu, 1980. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius transmontanus (Nichols, 1925) - Kunming minnow (author) [=Ischikauia transmontana Nichols [J. T.], 1925:7]

Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 185; ref. 3180] Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius transmontanus (Nichols, 1925). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius xundianensis He, in He & Wang, 1984 - Qingshui minnow (author) [=Anabarilius xundianensis He [J.-C.]j in He & Wang, 1984:106 (English p. 109), Fig. 4] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 8216] Qingshui Lake, Jinsha River system, Xundian County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius xundianensis He, 1984. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anabarilius yangzonensis Chen & Chu, 1980 - Yangzon minnow (author) [=Anabarilius yangzonensis Chen [Y.-R.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1980:418, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 20983] Yangzon Lake, flowing into Nanpan River, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Anabarilius yangzonensis Chen & Chu, 1980. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Ancherythroculter Yih & Wu, 1964 - minnows [=Ancherythroculter Yih [P.-L.] & Wu [C.-K.], 1964:106] Notes: [ref. 13499]. Masc. Chanodichthys kurematsui Kimura, 1934. Type by original designation. •Valid as Ancherythroculter Yih & Wu, 1964 -- (Luo 1994:45 [ref. 21974], Bănărescu 1997:20 [ref. 23274], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:149 [ref. 23878], Dai et al. 2005:213 [ref. 32143], Kottelat 2013:73 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Ancherythroculter Yih & Wu, 1964. Xenocyprididae.

Species Ancherythroculter daovantieni (Banarescu, 1967) - Boi minnow (author) [=Erythroculter hypselonotus daovantieni Bănărescu [P. M.], 1967:221, Pl. 3 (fig. 9); Fig. 2,

Erythroculter pseudobrevicauda macrothalmus Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan [L. H.], 1969:15, Fig. 17 in ref. 29795 [missing]] Notes: [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Zoologie v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 7865] Boi River, northern Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Ancherythroculter daovantieni (Bănărescu, 1967). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (macrothalmus) [Some data on composition, origin, and distribution of cyprinid species in northern Vietnam; ref. 25483] Bo River, Vietnam [original: Ha Noi, Ha Tay and Nam Ha, Song Hong and Song Da basins, Vietnam]. Current status: Synonym of Ancherythroculter daovantieni (Banarescu, 1967). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vietnam [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ancherythroculter kurematsui (Kimura, 1934) - Howchwan minnow (author) [=Chanodichthys kurematsui Kimura [S.], 1934:88, Pl. 3 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Journal of the Shanghai Scientific Institute v. 1; ref. 16434] Howchwan, Szechwan Province, Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Valid as Ancherythroculter kurematsui (Kimura, 1934). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ancherythroculter lini Luo, 1994 - Wuchow minnow (author) [=Ancherythroculter lini Luo [Y.-L.], 1994:48] Notes: [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 21974] Wuchow, Kwangsi, China [Lin specimens]. Current status: Valid as Ancherythroculter lini Luo, 1994. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Yih & Wu, 1964 - Mu-dung minnow (author) [=Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Yih [P.-L.] & Wu [C.-K.], 1964:107, Fig. 2-40]

Notes: [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 13499] Mu-dung, Sechuan, China. Current status: Valid as Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Yih & Wu, 1964. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ancherythroculter wangi (Tchang, 1932) - Szechuan minnow (author) [=Erythroculter wangi Tchang [T.-L.], 1932:122, Fig. 2] Notes: [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zooogical Series) v. 3 (no. 9); ref. 16402] Szechuan, China. Current status: Valid as Ancherythroculter wangi (Tchang, 1932). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Aphyocypris Günther, 1868 - bleaks, minnows [=Aphyocypris Günther [A.], 1868:201, Aphyocyprioides Tang [D.-S.], 1942:162, Caraspius Nichols [J. T.], 1925:6, Fusania Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.], 1905:198, Nicholsicypris Chu [Y.-T.], 1935:10, Pararasbora Regan [C. T.], 1908:360, Phoxiscus Oshima [M.], 1919:225, Yaoshanicus Lin [S.-Y.], 1931:50] Notes: [ref. 1990]. Fem. Aphyocypris chinensis Günther, 1868. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Aphyocypris Günther, 1868 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:14 [ref. 13497], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441], Kuang in Chu & Chen 1989:35 [ref. 13584], Bogutskaya 1998:78 [ref. 23589], Chen & Chu in Chen et al. 1998:56 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:98 [ref. 28183], Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Zhu et al. 2013:1 [ref. 32554], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:74 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae) Current status: Valid as Aphyocypris Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. (Aphyocyprioides) [ref. 4335]. Masc. Aphyocyprioides typus Tang, 1942. Type by original designation (also by monotypy and use of typus). Misspelled Aphyocyproides in Zoological Record for 1943. In Oxygastrinae based on Aphyocypris of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868 -- (Chen & Chu in Chen et al. 1998:56 [ref. 23878]). Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. (Caraspius) [ref. 3179]. Masc. Caraspius agilis Nichols, 1925. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on

Aphyocypris of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868 -- (Bănărescu 1997:20 [ref. 23274]). Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. (Fusania) [ref. 2530]. Fem. Fusania ensarca Jordan & Starks, 1905. Type by monotypy. In Oxygastrinae based on Aphyocypris of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868 -- (Bănărescu 1997:22 [ref. 23274]). Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. (Nicholsicypris) [ref. 832]. Fem. Aphyocypris normalis Nichols & Pope, 1927. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Nicholsicypris Chu, 1935 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:18 [ref. 13497], Ye & Song in Pan et al. 1991:78 [ref. 23876], Chen & Chu in Chen et al. 1998:55 [ref. 23878], Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). •Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868 -- (Liao et al. 2011:662 [ref. 31495], Kottelat 2013:76 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. (Pararasbora) [ref. 3636]. Fem. Pararasbora moltrechti Regan, 1908. Type by monotypy. •Status uncertain -- (Bănărescu 1997:25 [ref. 23274]). •Valid as Pararasbora Regan, 1908 -- (Ho & Shao 2011:25 [ref. 31432], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae). •Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868 -- (Liao et al. 2011:662 [ref. 31495], Kottelat 2013:76 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. (Phoxiscus) [ref. 3312]. Masc. Phoxiscus kikuchii Oshima, 1919. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Phosciscus in Zoological Record for 1919. In Oxygastrinae based on Aphyocypris of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868 -- (Bănărescu 1997:25 [ref. 23274]), Ho & Shao 2011:25 [ref. 31432]. Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. (Yaoshanicus) [ref. 4019]. Masc. Yaoshanicus arcus Lin, 1931. Original not translated, type apparently by monotypy. •Valid as Yaoshanicus Lin, 1931 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:42 [ref. 13497], Chen & Chu in Chen et al. 1998:53 [ref. 23878], Tang 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). •Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868 -- (Liao et al. 2011:662 [ref. 31495], Kottelat 2013:76 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae.

Species Aphyocypris amnis Liao et al., 2011 - Shuili minnow (author) [=Aphyocypris amnis Liao [T.-Y.], Kullander [S. O.] & Lin [H.-D.], 2011:658, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zoological Studies v. 50 (no. 5); ref. 31495] Small branch draining into the Shuili River, close to the Sun-Moon Lake, Choshui River drainage, Yuchi, Nantou County, Taiwan, 23°51.04'N, 120°53.47'E.

Current status: Valid as Aphyocypris amnis Liao, Kullander & Lin, 2011. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Shuili River, Choshui River drainage, Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aphyocypris arcus (Lin, 1931) - Yaoshan minnow (author) [=Yaoshanicus arcus Lin [S.-Y.], 1931:51, Fig. 3] Notes: [Carps and carp-like fishes; ref. 4019] Yaoshan, Kwangsi, China. Current status: Valid as Aphyocypris arcus (Lin, 1931). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aphyocypris chinensis Günther, 1868 - Chinese bleak [=Aphyocypris chinensis Günther [A.], 1868:201, Caraspius agilis Nichols [J. T.], 1925:6, Rhodeus chosenicus Jordan [D. S.] & Metz [C. W.], 1913:19, Pl. 2 (fig. 2), Fusania ensarca Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.], 1905:198, Fig. 4, Aphyocypris chinensis shantung Nichols [J. T.], 1930:1, Fig. 1, Aphyocyprioides typus Tang [D.-S.], 1942:163, Fig. 3] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Chikiang, China. Current status: Valid as Aphyocypris chinensis Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (agilis) [American Museum Novitates No. 177; ref. 3179] Near Wanhsien, Yen-ching-kao, Szechwan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris chinensis Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (chosenicus) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 2490] Suigen, Korea. Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris chinensis Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (ensarca) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1391); ref. 2530] Pusan, South Korea. Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris chinensis Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

(shantung) [American Museum Novitates No. 402; ref. 16111] Tsinan, Shantung Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris chinensis Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (typus) [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 20 (nos 2-4); ref. 4335] Small pool in Kweiyang, Kweichow Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris chinensis Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima, 1919) - Hua-lan minnow (author) [=Phoxicus kikuchii Oshima [M.], 1919:226, Pl. 51 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 12 (nos 2-4); ref. 3312] Bokusekikaku [Hua-lan], Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima, 1919). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aphyocypris lini (Weitzman & Chan, 1966) - Garnet minnow [=Hemigrammocypris lini Weitzman [S. H.] & Chan [L. L.], 1966:290, Aphyocypris pooni Lin [S.-Y.], 1939:129, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1966 (no. 2); ref. 12406] Current status: Valid as Aphyocypris lini Weitzman & Chan, 1966. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (pooni) [Hong Kong Naturalist v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 12405] New Territories, Hong Kong. Current status: Synonym of Aphyocypris lini (Weitzman & Chan, 1966). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aphyocypris moltrechti (Regan, 1908) - Candidius minnow (author) [=Pararasbora moltrechti Regan [C. T.], 1908:360] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 10); ref. 3636] Lake Candidius, Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Aphyocypris moltrechti (Regan, 1908). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aphyocypris normalis Nichols & Pope, 1927 - Nodoa minnow (author) [=Aphyocypris normalis Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:376, Fig. 39, Pl. 26 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Aphyocypris normalis Nichols & Pope, 1927. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Aphyocypris pulchrilineata Zhu et al., 2013 - Zhu's Pearl River minnow (author) [=Aphyocypris pulchrilineata Zhu [Y.], Zhao [Y] & K. Huang [K.], 2013:5, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Research; ref. 32554] Chengjiang River at Chengjiang town, 23°55'45"N, 108°06'18"E, Du'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Aphyocypris pulchrilineata Zhu, Zhao & Huang, 2013. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Guangxi Zhuang (Pearl River), China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Araiocypris Conway & Kottelat, 2008 - minnows [=Araiocypris Conway [K. W.] & Kottelat [M.], 2008:101] Notes: [ref. 29528]. Fem. Araiocypris batodes Conway & Kottelat, 2008. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Araiocypris Conway & Kottelat, 2008 -- (Kottelat 2013:74 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Araiocypris Conway & Kottelat, 2008. Xenocyprididae.

Species Araiocypris batodes Conway & Kottelat, 2008 - Khay Rau minnow (author) [=Araiocypris batodes Conway [K. W.] & Kottelat [M.], 2008:102, Figs. 1-2, 4-5] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 56 (no. 1); ref. 29528] Forest creek near Khay Rau village, 10 kilometers on road from Bac Phong Sinh to Mong Cai, 21°33'44"N, 107°43'55"E, Hai Ninh District, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Araiocypris batodes Conway & Kottelat, 2008. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Quang Ninh Province, northern Vietnam.

Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Atrilinea Chu, 1935 - minnows [=Atrilinea Chu [Y.-T.], 1935:10] Notes: [ref. 832]. Fem. Barilius chenchiwei Chu, 1931. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Atrilinea Chu, 1935 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:50 [ref. 13497], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:96 [ref. 23878], Tang et al. 2010:210 [ref. 31204]). Current status: Valid as Atrilinea Chu, 1935. Xenocyprididae.

Species Atrilinea macrolepis Song & Fang, in Chen et al., 1987 - Zhenping minnow (author) [=Atrilinea macrolepis Song [S.-L.] & Fang [S.-M.], in Chen, Xu, Fang, Song & Wang, 1987:59] Notes: [English p. 244], Fig. 38 [Fishes in Qinling Mountain area.; ref. 21175] Zhenping Xian, Shaanxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Atrilinea macrolepis Song & Fang, 1987. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Atrilinea macrops (Lin, 1931) - Kwangsi minnow (author) [=Barilius macrops Lin [S.-Y.], 1931:144, Fig. 19] Notes: [Carps and carp-like fishes; ref. 4019] Yaoshan, Kwangsi, China. Current status: Valid as Atrilinea macrops (Lin, 1931). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Atrilinea roulei (Wu, 1931) - blackstripe minnow [=Barilius roulei Wu [H.-W.], 1931:433, Barilius chenchiwei Chu [Y.-T.], 1931:33, Figs. 17, 17A-B] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 16350] Chekiang, China. Current status: Valid as Atrilinea roulei (Wu, 1931). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

(chenchiwei) [The China Journal v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 17997] Tien-mu-san, Chekiang, China. Current status: Synonym of Atrilinea roulei (Wu, 1931). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Candidia Jordan & Richardson, 1909 - minnows [=Candidia Jordan [D. S.] & Richardson [R. E.], 1909:169] Notes: [ref. 2493]. Fem. Opsariichthys barbatus Regan, 1908. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •See Bănărescu 1997:20 [ref. 23274]. •Valid as Candidia Jordan & Richardson, 1909 -- (Chen 1982:293 [ref. 824], Wang et al. 1997:170 [ref. 25517], Chen & Chu in Chen et al. 1998:36 [ref. 23878], Chen et al 2008:206 [ref. 29933], Chen et al. 2009 [ref. 30298], Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Ho & Shao 2011:24 [ref. 31432], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Candidia Jordan & Richardson, 1909. Xenocyprididae.

Species Candidia barbatus (Regan, 1908) - Candidius minnow (author) [=Opsariichthys barbatus Regan [C. T.], 1908:359] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 10); ref. 3636] Lake Candidius, Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Candidia barbata (Regan, 1908). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Candidia pingtungensis Chen et al., 2008 - Fongkang minnow (author) [=Candidia pingtungensis Chen [I-S.], Wu [J.-H.] & Hsu [C.-H.], 2008:208, Figs. 3b, 6] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. No. 19; ref. 29933] Fongkang River, Pingtung County, Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Candidia pingtungensis Chen, Wu & Hsu, 2008. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860 - carps, redfins [=Chanodichthys Bleeker [P.], 1860:432, Erythroculter (subgenus of Culter) Berg [L. S.], 1909:138, Leptocephalus Basilewsky [S.] (ex Pallas), 1855:234,

Pseudoculter Bleeker [P.], 1860:432] Notes: [ref. 370]. Masc. Leptocephalus mongolicus Basilewsky, 1855. Type by being a replacement name. Appeared in key, without included species or reference to Basilewsky. Three species (two with question) included by Bleeker 1860:282, 400 [ref. 380]; indication that Basilewsky's name preoccupied and type designated on p. 400. See also Bănărescu 1997:21 [ref. 23274]. •Valid as Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Kottelat 1989:6 [ref. 13605], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:21 [ref. 22798], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:21 [ref. 22798], Doi 1997:20 [ref. 22832], Naseka 1998:74 [ref. 23590], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:52 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2013:86 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae, Parin et al. 2014:72 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Erythroculter) [ref. 5116]. Masc. Culter erythropterus Basilewsky, 1855. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently first designated by Nichols and Pope 1927:371 [ref. 5747]. In Oxygastrinae based on Chanodichthys of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Valid as Erythroculter Berg, 1909 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:97 [ref. 13499], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:89 [ref. 13584], Chen in Chen 1998:119 [ref. 23556], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:89 [ref. 23876]). •Synonym of Culter Basilewsky, 1855 -- (Luo 1994:45 [ref. 21974], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:185 [ref. 23878], Parin et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33547]). •See also Bănărescu 1997:21 [ref. 23274]. •Synonym of Chandichthys Bleeker, 1860.-- (Kottelat 2013:86 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:72 [ref. 33547] by mistake). Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Leptocephalus) [ref. 200]. Masc. Leptocephalus mongolicus Basilewsky, 1855. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leptocephalus Scopoli, 1777 in fishes, replaced by Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1859. On Official Index as a junior homonym of Scopoli 1777 (Direction 87). In Oxygastrinae based on Chanodichthys of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Kottelat 2013:86 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Pseudoculter) [ref. 370]. Masc. Culter pekinensis Basilewsky, 1855. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently appeared first in key, without included species. Two species included by Bleeker 1860:282, 401 [ref. 380]. Type designated by Bleeker 1863:31 [ref. 4859] and 1863:210 [ref. 397]. In Oxygastrinae based on Chanodichthys of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Status uncertain -- (Bănărescu 1997:26 [ref. 23274]). •Synonym of Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Kottelat 2013:86 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae.

Species Chanodichthys abramoides (Dybowski, 1872) - Ussuri carp (author)

[=Culter abramoides Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:213, Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Ussuri River and Khanka Lake, southeastern Russia. Current status: Valid as Chanodichthys abramoides (Dybowski, 1872). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Amur River basin, Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Chanodichthys dabryi (Bleeker, 1871) - humpback [=Culter dabryi Bleeker [P.], 1871:70, Pl. 12 (fig. 2), Culter hypselonotus Bleeker [P.], 1871:72, Pl. 8 (fig. 3), Erythroculter dabryi shinkainensis Yih [P.-L.] & Chu [C.-R.], 1959:192, Pl. 1 (fig. 3), Pl. 2 (fig. 7)] Notes: [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Valid as Chanodichthys dabryi (Bleeker, 1871). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (hypselonotus) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys dabryi (Bleeker, 1871). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater. (shinkainensis) [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 22548] Khanka Lake, China. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys dabryi (Bleeker, 1871). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Chanodichthys erythropterus (Basilewsky, 1855) - predatory carp [=Culter erythropterus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:236, Pl. 8 (fig. 1), Culter aokii Oshima [M.], 1919:250, Pl. 52 (fig. 1), Culter ilishaeformis Bleeker [P.], 1871:67, Pl. 10 (fig. 1), Culter sieboldii Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:214] Notes: [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Rivers flowing into Gulf of Tschili [Chihli], Beijing [Peking], China. Current status: Valid as Chanodichthys erythropterus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: Eastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (aokii) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 12 (nos 2-4); ref. 3312] Lake Candidius [Jitsugetsutan], Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys erythropterus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (ilishaeformis) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys erythropterus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (sieboldii) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Middle Amur River, Ussuri River, Sungari River, and Lake Khanka [Chanka], China. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys erythropterus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Chanodichthys flavipinnis (Tirant, 1883) - Hue carp (author) [=Culter flavipinnis Tirant [G.], 1883:[29] 98, Culter recurvirostris Sauvage [H.-E.] 1884:213, Pl. 8 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société des Études Indo-chinoises. Saigon. 1883; ref. 17920] Hué, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Chanodichthys flavipinnis (Tirant, 1883). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (recurvirostris) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 9; ref. 3886] Near Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys flavipinnis (Tirant, 1883). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855) - Mongolian redfin [=Leptocephalus mongolicus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:234, Pl. 4 (fig. 2), Erythroculter mongolicus elongatus He [J.-C.] & Liu [J.-H.], 1980:483, Culter mongolicus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:237, Erythorculter mongolicus qionghaiensis Ding [R.-H.], 1990:246, Fig. 1, Culter rutilus Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:214] Notes: [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] "In winter, brought to Beijing frozen from Mongolia." Mongolia and Manchuria, northern China.

Current status: Valid as Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia: Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Russia, Mongolia, Korea and Japan. Habitat: freshwater. (elongatus) [English p. 484], Fig. [Zoological Research v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 23126] Cheng-Hai [Chenghai Lake], Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (mongolicus B 237) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Mongolia and Manchura, northern China. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (qionghaiensis) [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 20131] Lake Qionghai, 27°53'N, 102°18'E, Sichuan, China. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (rutilus) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Ussuri River and Khanka [Chanka] Lake, southeastern Russia. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Chanodichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1871) - Chang carp (author) [=Culter oxycephalus Bleeker [P.], 1871:74 [?64], Pl. 5 (fig. 3).] Notes: [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Valid as Chanodichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1871). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Chanodichthys recurviceps (Richardson, 1846) - Canton carp (author) [=Leuciscus recurviceps Richardson [J.], 1846:295, Erythroculter pseudobrevicauda Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:371, Fig. 35] Notes: [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. Current status: Valid as Chanodichthys recurviceps (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China.

Habitat: freshwater. (pseudobrevicauda) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Chanodichthys recurviceps (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866 - grass carps [=Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner [F.], 1866:782, Pristiodon Dybowski [B. N.], 1877:26] Notes: [ref. 18789]. Masc. Ctenopharyngodon laticeps Steindachner, 1866. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:13 [ref. 13497], Howes 1981:40 [ref. 14200], Jayaram 1981:131 [ref. 6497], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Bogutskaya 1987:936 [ref. 13521], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:40 [ref. 13584], Kottelat 1989:7 [ref. 13605], Song in Pan et al. 1991:83 [ref. 23876], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:277 [ref. 21581], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:44 [ref. 22798], Chen in Chen 1998:102 [ref. 23556], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:102 [ref. 23878], Bíró & Bănărescu 1999:303 [ref. 24856], Dyer 2000:89 [ref. 26678], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:50 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:293 [ref. 29996], Minckley & Marsh 2009:176 [ref. 31114], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:90 [ref. 32989], Tang 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae, Parin et al. 2014:73 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866. Xenocyprididae. (Pristiodon) [ref. 1171]. Masc. Pristiodon siemionovii Dybowski, 1877. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Pristiodon Fitzinger 1843 in Reptilia; not replaced. In Oxygastrinae based on Ctenopharyngodon of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •In the synonymy of Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866 -- (Howes 1981:40 [ref. 14200], Bíró & Bănărescu 1999:303 [ref. 24856], Kottelat 2013:91 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866. Xenocyprididae.

Species Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844) - grass carp [=Leuciscus idella Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844:362, Ctenopharyngodon laticeps Steindachner [F.], 1866:782, Pl. 18 (figs. 1-5), Pristiodon siemionovii Dybowski [B. N.], 1877:26, Sarcocheilichthys teretiusculus Kner [R.], 1867:356, Leuciscus tschiliensis Basilewsky [S.], 1855:233] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. Current status: Valid as Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: Native range: China and Russia; widely introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater. (laticeps) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 16; ref. 18789] Hong Kong, China. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (siemionovii) [Izvestiya Zapadno-Sibirskogo otdiela Imperatorskago russkago geograpficheskago obshchestva v. 8 (nos 1-2); ref. 1171] Amur River, Ussuri River, Sungacha River, Lake Khanka [Chanka], and Sungari River, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (teretiusculus) [Reise der öesterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18426] Shanghai, China. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (tschiliensis) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Gulf of Tschili [Tchili] and tributary streams, Manchuria, China. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Culter Basilewsky, 1855 - minnows [=Culter Basilewsky [S.], 1855:236, Cultrichthys Smith [H. M.], 1938:410] Notes: [ref. 200]. Masc. Culter alburnus Basilewsky, 1855. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bleeker 1863:33 [ref. 4859] or 1863:214 [ref. 397]. On Official List of Specific Names in Zoology (Opinion 513). •Valid as Culter Basilewsky, 1955 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:112 [ref. 13499], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:111 [ref. 23876], Luo 1994:45 [ref. 21974], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:25 [ref. 22798], Chen in Chen 1998:118 [ref. 23556], Naseka 1998:75 [ref. 23590], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:185 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:56 [ref. 28183], Dai et al. 2005:221 [ref. 32143], Takeuchi & Hosoya 2011:10 [ref. 21144], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:91 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygasterinae, Parin et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Culter Basilewsky, 1855. Xenocyprididae. (Cultrichthys) [ref. 4053]. Masc. Culter brevicauda Günther, 1868. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Culter of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Valid as Cultrichthys Smith, 1938 -- (Luo 1994:45 [ref. 21974], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:181 [ref. 23878], Dai et al. 2005:221 [ref. 32143]). •Synonym of Culter Basilewsky, 1855 -- (Bănărescu 1997:21 [ref. 23274], Kottelat 2013:91 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Culter Basilewsky, 1988. Xenocyprididae.

Species Culter alburnus Basilewsky, 1855 - Tschili minnow (author) [=Culter alburnus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:236, Pl. 8 (fig. 3), Culter brevicauda Günther [A.], 1868:329, Culter kneri Bleeker [P.], 1871:14, Erythroculter ilishaeformis sungarinensis Yih [P.-L.] & Chu [C.-R.], 1959:189, Pl. 1 (fig. 2), Pl. 2 (fig. 7), Culter tientsinensis Abbott [J. F.], 1901:489, Fig.] Notes: [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Rivers draining to the Gulf of Tschili, China. Current status: Valid as Culter alburnus Basilewsky, 1855. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Mongolia, Rusia, China, Vietnam and Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater. (brevicauda) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Culter alburnus Basilewsky, 1855. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (kneri) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Shanghai, China. Current status: Synonym of Culter alburnus Basilewsky, 1855. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (sungarinensis) [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 22548] China. Current status: Synonym of Culter alburnus Basilewsky 1855. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (tientsinensis) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1221); ref. 2] Pei-ho River at Tien-Tsin, China. Current status: Synonym of Culter alburnus Basilewsky, 1855. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Culter compressocorpus Yih & Chu, 1959 - Yih's minnow (author) [=Culter compressocorpus Yih [P.-L.] & Chu [C.-R.], 1959:182, Pl. 1 (fig. 1), Pl. 2 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 22548] China. Current status: Valid as Culter compressocorpus Yih & Chu, 1959. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Culter oxycephaloides Kreyenberg & Pappenheim, 1908 - Tungting minnow (author) [=Culter oxycephaloides Kreyenberg [W.] & Pappenheim [P.], 1908:104]

Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1908; ref. 14326] Tungting Lake, southeast central China. Current status: Valid as Culter oxycephaloides Kreyenberg & Pappenheim, 1908. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Distoechodon Peters, 1881 - redwing fishes [=Distoechodon Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1881:924] Notes: [ref. 3455]. Masc. Distoechodon tumirostris Peters, 1881. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Distoechodon Peters, 1881 -- (Yang 1964:129 [ref. 13500], Howes 1981:45 [ref. 14200], Li 1986:480 [ref. 6154], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:96 [ref. 13584], Liu et al. in Pan et al. 1991:122 [ref. 23876], Chen in Chen 1998:125 [ref. 23556], Liu & He in Chen et al. 1998:219 [ref. 23878], Zhao et al. 2009:33 [ref. 30545], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Distoechodon Peters, 1881. Xenocyprididae.

Species Distoechodon compressus (Nichols, 1925) - Yenping redwing (author) [=Xenocypris compressus Nichols [J. T.], 1925:4] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 182; ref. 15554] Near Yenping, Fukien, China. Current status: Valid as Distoechodon compressus (Nichols, 1925). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, China and Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Distoechodon macrophthalmus Zhao et al., 2009 - redwing fish [=Distoechodon macrophthalmus Zhao [Y.-H.], Kullander [F.], Kullander [S. O.] & Zhang [C.-G.], 2009:40, Fig. 2D] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 86; ref. 30545] Chenghai Lake, Chang Jiang basin in Yongsheng County, 26°42'N, 100°44'E, Yunnan Province, China, elevation 1503 meters. Current status: Valid as Distoechodon macrophthalmus Zhao, Kullander, Kullander & Zhang, 2009. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Chenghai Lake, upper Chang Jiang river basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Distoechodon tumirostris Peters, 1881 - Ningpo redwing (author) [=Distoechodon tumirostris Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1881:925, Xenocypris (Distoechodon) tumirostris multispinnis Bănărescu [P. M.], 1970:401, Pl. 3 (fig. 13)] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preuss[ischen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1880, v. 45; ref. 3455] Ningpo [now Ningbo], China. Current status: Valid as Distoechodon tumirostris Peters, 1881. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Zhejiang Province, China and Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater. (multispinnis) [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Zoologie v. 15 (no. 6); ref. 7718] Upper Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], Suifu, Szechwan, China. Current status: Synonym of Distoechodon tumirostris Peters, 1881. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860 - yellowcheeks, kanyus [=Elopichthys Bleeker [P.], 1860:436, Gymnognathus Sauvage [H.-E.], 1884:214, Scombrocypris Günther [A.], 1889:226] Notes: [ref. 370]. Masc. Leuciscus bambusa Richardson, 1845. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently appeared first in key without included species. Two species included by Bleeker 1860:286, 428 [ref. 380]. Type designated by Bleeker 1863:32 [ref. 4859] and 1863:212 [ref. 397]. •Valid as Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:38 [ref. 13497], Bogutskaya 1987:936 [ref. 13521], Bogutskaya 1988:107 [ref. 12754], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:45 [ref. 13584], Song in Pan et al. 1991:87 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:15 [ref. 22798], Chen in Chen 1998:106 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:61 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:110 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:80 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2013:101 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae, Parin et al. 2014:76 [ref. 33547], Zhang et al. 2016:52 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:659 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Valid as Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Gymnognathus) [ref. 3886]. Masc. Gymnognathus harmandi Sauvage, 1884. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Gymnognathus Schoenherr, 1823 and by Solier 1851 in Coleoptera; not replaced. In Oxygastrinae based on Elopichthys of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Bănărescu 1997:22 [ref. 23274], Kottelat 2013:101 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Scombrocypris) [ref. 2016]. Fem. Scombrocypris styani Günther, 1889. Type by monotypy. Jordan 1920:446 [ref. 4905] lists a

Scomberopsis Günther, 1889:226, with type as styani, but this is in error; Jordan lists Scombrocypris correctly. In Oxygastrinae based on Elopichthys of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:110 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:101 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:52 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Synonym of Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae.

Species Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson, 1845) - kanyu [=Leuciscus bambusa Richardson [J.], 1845:141, Pl. 63 (fig. 2), Nasus dauricus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:234, Pl. 7 (fig. 1), Gymnognathus harmandi Sauvage [H.-E.], 1884:214, Pl. 8 (fig. 2), Scombrocypris styani Günther [A.], 1889:226] Notes: [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] Canton, China. Current status: Valid as Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson, 1845). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China and Siberia. Habitat: freshwater. (dauricus) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Mongolia, Manchuria, China. Current status: Synonym of Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson, 1845). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (harmandi) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 9; ref. 3886] Hanoi, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson, 1845). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (styani) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 21); ref. 2016] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], and tributary near Kiu-Kiang, China. Current status: Synonym of Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson, 1845). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Gymnodanio Chen & He, 1992 - minnows [=Gymnodanio Chen [Y.-F.] & He [S.-P.], 1992:238] Notes: [ref. 21069]. Masc. Gymnodanio strigatus Chen & He, 1992. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Gymnodanio Chen & He, 1992 -- (Bănărescu 1997:22 [ref. 23274], Tang et al. 2010:210 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Kottelat 2013:107 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Gymnodanio Chen & He, 1992. Xenocyprididae.

Species Gymnodanio strigatus Chen & He, 1992 - Mekong strigatus minnow (author)

[=Gymnodanio strigatus Chen [Y.-F.] & He [S.-P.], 1992:238 (English p. 240), Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 21069] Mekong River system, Jinggu County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Gymnodanio strigatus Chen & He, 1992. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Hainania Koller, 1927 - Hainan minnows [=Hainania Koller [O.], 1927:45] Notes: [ref. 5622]. Fem. Hainania serrata Koller, 1927. Type by monotypy. Also spelled Heinania; Myers selected (1931:256) Haonania. •Synonym of Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860 -- (Bănărescu 1968:523 [ref. 20603]). •Valid as Hainania Koller, 1927 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:78 [ref. 13499], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:103 [ref. 23876], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:172 [ref. 23878], Dai & Yang 2003:73 [ref. 26685], Dai et al. 2005:213 [ref. 32143], Kottelat 2013:109 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Hainania Koller, 1927. Xenocyprididae.

Species Hainania serrata Koller, 1927 - Hainan minnow [=Hainania serrata Koller [O.], 1927:45, Fig. 5, Hemiculter serracanthus Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:373, Fig. 37] Notes: [Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien v. 41; ref. 5622] Kang-kong River, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Hainania serrata Koller, 1927. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (serracanthus) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Hainania serrata Koller, 1927. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

GENUS Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860 - sharpbellies, carps, sawbellies [=Hemiculter Bleeker [P.], 1860:432, Cultriculus Oshima [M.], 1919:252, Kendallia Evermann [B. W.] & Shaw [T.], 1927:108, Siniichthys Bănărescu [P. M.], 1970:161] Notes: [ref. 370]. Masc. Culter leucisculus Basilewsky, 1855. Type by subsequent monotypy. Apparently appeared first in key, without included

species. One species included by Bleeker 1860:282, 401 [ref. 380]. •Valid as Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:86 [ref. 13499], Bănărescu 1968 [ref. 20603], Vasil'yeva & Kozlova 1988 [ref. 13523], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:80 [ref. 13584], Kottelat 1989:8 [ref. 13605], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:114 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:25 [ref. 22798], Chen in Chen 1998:116 [ref. 23556], Naseka 1998:75 [ref. 23590], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:163 [ref. 23878], Dai & Yang 2003:73 [ref. 26685], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:57 [ref. 28183], Dai et al. 2005:221 [ref. 32143], Kottelat 2013:111 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae, Parin et al. 2014:79 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Cultriculus) [ref. 3312]. Masc. Culter leucisculus Kner (not of Basilewski), 1867 (= Hemiculter kneri Kreyenberg, 1908). Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Hemiculter of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860 -- (Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:80 [ref. 13584], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:163 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:111 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Kendallia) [ref. 1286]. Fem. Kendallia goldsboroughi Evermann & Shaw, 1927. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Hemiculter of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Cultriculus Oshima, 1919 -- (Chu 1935:39 [ref. 832]). •Synonym of Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860 -- (Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:80 [ref. 13584], Bănărescu 1997:22 [ref. 23274], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:163 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:111 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Siniichthys) [ref. 214]. Masc. Siniichthys brevirostris Bănărescu, 1970. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Hemiculter of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Possibly an intergeneric hybrid -- (Bănărescu 1997:27 [ref. 23274]). •Synonym of Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860 -- (Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:163 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:111 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter Bleeker, 1859. Xenocyprididae.

Species Hemiculter bleekeri Warpachowski, 1888 - Bleeker's sharpbelly (author) [=Hemiculter bleekeri Warpachowski [N. A.], 1888:20] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 32; ref. 4516] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] ?, China. Current status: Valid as Hemiculter bleekeri Warpachowski, 1888. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiculter elongatus Nguyen & Ngo, 2001 - Lang Son sharpbelly (author) [=Hemiculter elongatus Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo [S. V.], 2001:137, Fig. 62] Notes: [Freshwater fishes of Viet Nam. Volume I. Family Cyprinidae v. 1; ref. 28301] Sông Ky Cùng, Lang Son, Viêt Nam. Current status: Valid as Hemiculter elongatus Nguyen & Ngo, 2001. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Ky Cùng River, Lang Son, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiculter krempfi Pellegrin & Chevey, 1938 - Krempf's sharpbelly (author) [=Hemiculter krempfi Pellegrin [J.] & Chevey [P.], 1938:18] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 63; ref. 17165] Nha Trang, central Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Hemiculter krempfi Pellegrin & Chevey, 1938. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855) - Korean sharpbelly [=Culter leucisculus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:238, Cultriculus akoensis Oshima [M.], 1920:132, Pl. 3 (fig. 4), Squaliobarbus annamiticus Tirant [G.], 1883:[28], Culter balnei Sauvage [H.-E.], 1884:213, Pl. 8 (fig. 4), Hemicultur clupeoides Nichols [J. T.], 1925:7, Parapelecus eigenmanni Jordan [D. S.] & Metz [C. W.], 1913:21, Pl. 3 (fig. 1), Kendallia goldsboroughi Evermann [B. W.] & Shaw [T.], 1927:108, Hemiculter kneri Warpachowski [N. A.], 1888:17, Hemiculter kneri Kreyenberg [W.] & Pappenheim [P.], 1908:362, Hemiculter schrencki Warpachowski [N. A.], in Warpachowski & Herzenstein, 1888:46, Pl. (fig. 4)] Notes: [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Rivers flowing into Bay of Tschili [Chihli], Beijing [Peking], China. Current status: Valid as Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Northern Asia; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

(akoensis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 72; ref. 3313] Ping-tung [Ako], Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (annamiticus) [Bulletin de la Société des Études Indo-chinoises. Saigon. 1883; ref. 17920] River of Hué, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (balnei) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 9; ref. 3886] Vicinity of Hanoi, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (clupeoides) [American Museum Novitates No. 182; ref. 15554] Tungting Lake, Hunan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (eigenmanni) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 2490] Suigen, south of Seoul, southern Korea. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (goldsboroughi) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 1286] Hangchow, China. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (kneri) [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 2; ref. 4516] Shanghai, China. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (kneri) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1908; ref. 14326] Shanghai and Hankau, China. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (schrencki) [Trudy St.-Peterburgskogo Obscestva Estestvoispytatelej = Travaux de la Société des Naturalistes de St. Pétersbourg. v. 19 (no. 8) (for 1887); ref. 2152] Fuchow [Fu-Tschau], China. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Hemiculter lucidus (Dybowski, 1872) - Ussuri sharpbelly [=Culter lucidus Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:214, Siniichthys brevirostris Bănărescu [P. M.], 1970:161, Figs. 1-3, Parapelecus elongatus Mori [T.], 1927:32 [3], Hemiculter shibatae Mori [T.], 1933:166, Fig. 2] Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Lake Khanka, southeastern Russia. Current status: Valid as Hemiculter lucidus (Dybowski, 1872). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Russia.

Habitat: freshwater. (brevirostris) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 42 (no. 1); ref. 214] Upper Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] (between Yibin and Yichang), Sichuan [Sé-tchuan], China. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter lucidus (Dybowski, 1872). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (elongatus) [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 5; ref. 16382] Hun River, tributary of Liao River, Manchuria, China. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter lucidus (Dybowski, 1872). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (shibatae) [Japanese Journal of Zoology v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 16507] Tsi-nan, Shantung, China. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter lucidus (Dybowski, 1872). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiculter songhongensis Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001 - Song Hong sharpbelly (author) [=Hemiculter songhongensis Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001:135, Fig. 61] Notes: [Freshwater fishes of Viet Nam. Volume I. Family Cyprinidae v. 1; ref. 28301] Sông Hông, Hà Nôi, Viêt Nam. Current status: Valid as Hemiculter songhongensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2001. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Hông River, Hà Nôi,, and probably other areas of the Hong River system, to be determined. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiculter tchangi Fang, 1942 - Tchang's sharpbelly (author) [=Hemiculter tchangi Fang [P.-W.], 1942:110, Hemiculter nigromarginis Yih [P.-L.] & Wu [C.-K.], 1964:91, Fig. 2-26] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 13174] Szechuan, China. Current status: Valid as Hemiculter tchangi Fang, 1942. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (nigromarginis) [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 13499] Mu-dung and Wu-dung River, Sechuan, China. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculter tchangi Fang, 1942. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiculter varpachovskii Nikolskii, 1903 - Buir-Nor sharpbelly (author) [=Hemiculter varpachovskii Nikolskii [A. M.], 1903:359 [4]] Notes: [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR. v. 8 (for 1903); ref. 3203] Lake Buir-Nor, eastern Mongolia.

Current status: Valid as Hemiculter varpachovskii Nikolskii, 1903. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Upper Amur River basinn, Mongolia, China, and Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Hemiculterella Warpachowski, 1888 - minnows [=Hemiculterella Warpachowski [N. A.], 1888:23, Semiculter Chu [Y.-T.], 1935:4] Notes: [ref. 4516]. Fem. Hemiculterella sauvagei Warpachowski, 1888. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Hemiculterella Warpachowski, 1888 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:77 [ref. 13499], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:75 [ref. 13584], Chen in Chen 1998:115 [ref. 23556], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:104 [ref. 23876], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:171 [ref. 23878], Dai & Yang 2003:73 [ref. 26685], Dai et al. 2005:213 [ref. 32143], Kottelat 2013:111 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Hemiculterella Warpachowski, 1888. Xenocyprididae. (Semiculter) [ref. 832]. Masc. Nicholsiculter rendahli Wu 1930. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Hemiculterella of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Hemiculterella Warpachowski, 1887 -- (Bănărescu 1997:27 [ref. 23274], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:171 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:111 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiculterella Warpachowski, 1887. Xenocyprididae.

Species Hemiculterella macrolepis Chen, in Chu & Chen et al., 1989 - Mengla Xian minnow (author) [=Hemiculterella macrolepis Chen [Y.-R.], in Chu & Chen et al., 1989:75, Fig. 70] Notes: [The fishes of Yunnan, China. Part 1 Cyprinidae.; ref. 13584] Mengla Xian, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Hemiculterella macrolepis Chen, 1989. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiculterella sauvagei Warpachowski, 1888 - Sichuan minnow (author) [=Hemiculterella sauvagei Warpachowski [N. A.], 1888:23, Nicholsiculter rendahli Wu [H.-W.], 1930:74, Fig. 4] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 2; ref. 4516] Western Sichuan, China. Current status: Valid as Hemiculterella sauvagei Warpachowski, 1888. Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (rendahli) [Sinensia v. 1 (no. 6); ref. 16240] Lo-Shan (formerly Kiating), Szechwan, China. Current status: Synonym of Hemiculterella sauvagei Warpachowski, 1888. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiculterella wui (Wang, 1935) - Kinghwa minnow (author) [=Nicholsiculter wui Wang [K. F.], 1935:46, Fig. 3] Notes: [Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China. (Zoological Series) v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 4582] Kinghwa, China. Current status: Valid as Hemiculterella wui (Wang, 1935). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Hemigrammocypris Fowler, 1910 - chubs [=Hemigrammocypris Fowler [H. W.], 1910:483, Brevigobio Tanaka [S.], 1916:102] Notes: [ref. 1380]. Fem. Hemigrammocypris rasborella Fowler, 1910. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Hemigrammocypris Fowler, 1910 -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441], Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Liao et al. 2011:662 [ref. 31495], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Zarske 2013:253 [ref. 33179], Tang 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammocypris Fowler, 1910. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. (Brevigobio) [ref. 4327]. Masc. Brevigobio kawabatae Tanaka, 1916. Type by monotypy. In Oxygastrinae based on Hemigrammocypris of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Probably a synonym of Hemigrammocypris Fowler, 1910 -- (Bănărescu 1997:20 [ref. 23274] as Hemmigrammocypris). Current status: Synonym of Hemigrammocypris Fowler, 1910. Xenocyprididae.

Species Hemigrammocypris neglectus (Stieler, 1907) - neglectus chub (author) [=Barilius neglectus Stieler [P.], 1907:169, Hemigrammocypris rasborella Fowler [H. W.], 1910:484, Fig. 4] Notes: [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarien-Kunde. Stuttgart. v. 18 (no. 17); ref. 15180] Japan.

Current status: Valid as Hemigrammocypris neglectus Stieler, 1907. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater. (rasborella) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 62; ref. 1380] Lake Biwa at Matsubara, Omi, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Hemigrammocypris neglectus Stieler, 1907. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Japan (if valid). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

GENUS Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860 - minnows, carps [=Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker [P.], 1860:433, Abramocephalus Steindachner [F.], 1869:150, Aristichthys Oshima [M.], 1919:246, Cephalus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:235, Onychodon Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:211] Notes: [ref. 370]. Masc. Leuciscus molitrix Valenciennes, 1844. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently appeared first in key, without included species. Six species (3 with question) included by Bleeker 1860:283, 405 [ref. 380]. Type designated by Bleeker 1863:28 [ref. 4859] and 1863:201 [ref. 397]. •Valid as Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Yang 1964:225 [ref. 13500], Howes 1981:45 [ref. 14200], Jayaram 1981:76 [ref. 6497], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Bogutskaya 1987:936 [ref. 13521], Bogutskaya 1988:107 [ref. 12754], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:99 [ref. 13584], Liu in Pan et al. 1991:236 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:16 [ref. 22798], Chen in Chen 1998:128 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:61 [ref. 23589], Chen in Chen et al. 1998:228 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:81 [ref. 28183] dated 1859, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:150, 194 [ref. 29996], Minckley & Marsh 2009:181 [ref. 31114], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygasterinae, Kottelat 2013:111 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae, Parin et al. 2014:79 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Abramocephalus) [ref. 20467]. Masc. Abramocephalus microlepis Steindachner, 1869. Type by monotypy. Described in more detail in Steindachner 1870:302 [ref. 4217]. In Oxygastrinae based on Hypophthalmichthys of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Howes 1981:45 [ref. 14200], Kottelat 2013:111 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Aristichthys) [ref. 3312]. Masc. Leuciscus nobilis Richardson, 1845. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Hypophthalmichthys of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Valid as Aristichthys Oshima, 1919 -- (Yang 1964:223 [ref. 13500], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Bogutskaya 1987:936 [ref. 13521], Bogutskaya 1988:108 [ref. 12754], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen

1989:98 [ref. 13584], Liu in Pan et al. 1991:235 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:15 [ref. 22798], Chen in Chen 1998:127 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:57 [ref. 23589], Chen in Chen et al. 1998:225 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:81 [ref. 28183]). •Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Howes 1981:45 [ref. 14200], Page & Burr 2011:154 [ref. 31215] based on placement of the type species, Kottelat 2013:112 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:79 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Cephalus) [ref. 200]. Masc. Cephalus mantschuricus Basilewsky, 1855. Type by monotypy. Objecitvely invalid; preoccupied by Cephalus Shaw, 1804 in fishes; apparently not replaced. In Oxygastrinae based on Hypophthalmichthys of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Howes 1981:45 [ref. 14200], Kottelat 2013:111 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae. (Onychodon) [ref. 1170]. Masc. Cephalus mantschuricus Basilewsky, 1855. Type by monotypy. Apparently preoccupied by Onychodon Newman, 1838 in Coleoptera (not investigated). Same as Cephalus Basilewsky, 1855 (preoccupied). In Oxygastrinae based on Hypophthalmichthys of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860 -- (Howes 1981:45 [ref. 14200], Kottelat 2013:111 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860. Xenocyprididae.

Species Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Sauvage, 1884 - Harmand's minnow (author) [=Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Sauvage [H.-E.], 1884:212, Pl. 7 [not Pl. 8] (fig. 1)] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 9; ref. 3886] Hanoi, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Sauvage, 1884. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Eastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) - bighead carp [=Leuciscus nobilis Richardson [J.] (ex Gray), 1845:140, Pl. 63 (fig. 3), Hypophthalmichthys simoni Guichenot [A.], in Bleeker, 1871:86] Notes: [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] Canton, China. Current status: Valid as Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China; introduced widely elsewhere.

Habitat: freshwater. (simoni) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845). Xenocyprididae.

Species Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844) - silver carp [=Leuciscus molitrix Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844:360, Hypophthalmichthys basilewskii Kner [R.], 1867:350, Pseudolaubuca clupeoides Duncker [G.], 1904:183, Pl. 1 (figs. 1, 1a), Hypophthalmichthys dabryi Guichenot [A.], in Bleeker, 1871:84, Hypophthalmichthys dabryi Bleeker [P.], 1878:210, Hypophthalmichthys dybowskii Herzenstein [S. M.], in Warpachowski & Herzenstein, 1888:38, Leuciscus hypophthalmus Richardson [J.] (ex Gray), 1845:139, Pl. 63 (fig. 1), Cephalus mantschuricus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:235, Pl. 7 (fig. 3), Abramocephalus microlepis Steindachner [F.], 1869:150] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. Current status: Valid as Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China and Russia; introduced elsewhere, including the United States. Habitat: freshwater. (basilewskii) [Reise der öesterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18426] Bejing, Manchuria and Mongolia. Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (clupeoides) [Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen (Zoologischen) Museum in Hamburg v. 21; ref. 5560] Sungai Bungus at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [introduced]. Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (dabryi) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. (dabryi) [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Natuurkunde (Ser. 2) v. 12; ref. 17118] Yang-tse-kiang River, China.

Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (dybowskii) [Trudy St.-Peterburgskogo Obscestva Estestvoispytatelej = Travaux de la Société des Naturalistes de St. Pétersbourg. v. 19 (no. 8) (for 1887); ref. 2152] Amur River, Russia; Fuchow, China. Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (hypophthalmus) [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] Canton, China. Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (mantschuricus) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Beijing [Peking], Manchuria and Mongolia, China. Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (microlepis) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 6 (no. 19); ref. 20467] China. Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Ischikauia Jordan & Snyder, 1900 - minnows [=Ischikauia Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.], 1900:346] Notes: [ref. 2502]. Fem. Opsariichthys steenackeri Sauvage, 1883. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Ischikavia in Zoological Record for 1901. •Valid as Ischikauia Jordan & Snyder, 1900 -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441], Takeuchi & Hosoya 2011:10 [ref. 21144], Takeuchi & Hosoya 2011:17 [ref. 21144] in Cultrinae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Ischikauia Jordan & Snyder, 1900. Xenocyprididae.

Species Ischikauia steenackeri (Sauvage, 1883) - Biwa minnow (author) [=Opsariichthys steenackeri Sauvage [H.-E.], 1883:148 [5]] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 7; ref. 3896] Lake Biwa, Japan. Current status: Valid as Ischikauia steenackeri (Sauvage, 1883). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Longiculter Fowler, 1937 - minnows [=Longiculter Fowler [H. W.], 1937:162] Notes: [ref. 1425]. Masc. Longiculter siahi Fowler, 1937. Type by original designation (also monotypic, other species to a different subgenus). Misspelled Longicultur in Zoological Record for 1937. •Valid as Longiculter Fowler, 1937 -- (Kottelat 1985:263 [ref. 11441], Kottelat 1989:8 [ref. 13605], Kottelat 2013:121 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Longiculter Fowler, 1937. Xenocyprididae.

Species Longiculter siahi Fowler, 1937 - Maepoon River minnow (author) [=Longiculter siahi Fowler [H. W.], 1937:162, Fig. 100] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 89; ref. 1425] Me Poon [Maepoon] River, Chiengmai, [Mae Phun, a stream entering Mam Yom at 17°40'N, 99°42'E], Thailand. Current status: Valid as Longiculter siahi Fowler, 1937. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Mae Poon, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Luciobrama Bleeker, 1870 - minnows [=Luciobrama Bleeker [P.], 1870:252, 253] Notes: [ref. 429]. Fem. Luciobrama typus Bleeker, 1871. Type by subsequent monotypy (also by use of typus). Species appeared as name only in Bleeker 1870:252, described in Bleeker 1871:51 [ref. 6421]. If Bleeker's remarks on p. 253 are insufficient to validate the genus, then genus dates to Bleeker 1871:51. •Valid as Luciobrama Bleeker, 1870 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:21 [ref. 13497], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:38 [ref. 13584], Song in Pan et al. 1991:81 [ref. 23876], Chen in Chen 1998:101 [ref. 23556], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:108 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:121 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:53 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Luciobrama Bleeker, 1870. Xenocyprididae.

Species Luciobrama macrocephalus (Lacepede, 1803) - Chinese luciobrama (author) [=Synodus macrocephalus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:320, 321, Pl. 9 (fig. 1), Luciobrama longiceps Pellegrin [J.], 1907:501,

Luciobrama typus Bleeker [P.], 1871:51, Pl. 1 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] China. Current status: Valid as Luciobrama macrocephalus (Lacepède, 1803). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (longiceps) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 13 (no. 7); ref. 14330] Hanoi, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Luciobrama macrocephala (Lacepède, 1803). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (typus) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Luciobrama macrocephalus (Lacepède, 1803). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

GENUS Macrochirichthys Bleeker, 1859 - minnows [=Macrochirichthys Bleeker [P.], 1859:386] Notes: [ref. 24622]. Masc. Leuciscus uranoscopus Bleeker, 1851. Type by monotypy. Kottelat 2013:122 says Bleeker 1959:386 as above. Apparently appeared first in key, without included species. Two species (one with question) included by Bleeker 1860:155 [ref. 371] and 1860:298 [ref. 380]. •Valid as Macrichirichthys Bleeker, 1859 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:92 [ref. 13499], Kottelat 1985:263 [ref. 11441], Roberts 1989:44 [ref. 6439], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:82 [ref. 13584], Kottelat 1989:8 [ref. 13605], Doi 1997:22 [ref. 22832], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:114 [ref. 23878], Dai et al. 2005:221 [ref. 32143] in Cultrinae, Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Macrochirichthys Bleeker, 1859. Xenocyprididae.

Species Macrochirichthys macrochirus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844) - giant sword minnow [=Leuciscus macrochirus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844:348, Macrocheirichthys laosensis Fowler [H. W.], 1934:112, Fig. 64, Macrochirichthys snyderi Fowler [H. W.], 1905:487, Fig. 7, Leuciscus uranoscopus Bleeker [P.], 1850:14] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Java, Indonesia.

Current status: Valid as Macrochirichthys macrochirus (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (laosensis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Mekong River at Chieng Sen, northern Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Macrochirichthys macrochirus (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (snyderi) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 57; ref. 1370] Baram River basin, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Current status: Synonym of Macrochirichthys macrochirus (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (uranoscopus) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 16884] Bandjarmasin, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Macrochirichthys macrochirus (Valenciennes, 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Megalobrama Dybowski, 1872 - breams, minnows, carps etc.

[=Megalobrama Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:212, Parosteobrama Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:50] Notes: [ref. 1170]. Fem. Megalobrama skolkovii Dybowski, 1872. Type by monotypy. Also included was a variety M. carinatus Dybowski, which was regarded as a subspecies, but type is skolkovii by monotypy on Art. 68.3. Kottelat's statement (2013) is correct, but the variety is treated as a subspecies (if the term var. was used) on Art. 45.6.4 but it is still type by monotypy. •Valid as Megalobrama Dybowski, 1872 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:93 [ref. 13499], Bănărescu 1970 [ref. 20609], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:87 [ref. 13584], Luo 1990 [ref. 20057], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:96 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:26 [ref. 22798], Naseka 1998:76 [ref. 23590], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:200 [ref. 23878], Cai et al. 2001:631 [ref. 25721], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:58 [ref. 28183], Dai et al. 2005:221 [ref. 32143], Takeuchi & Hosoya 2011:15 [ref. 21144], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat, 2013:122 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Megalobrama Dybowski, 1872. Xenocyprididae. (Parosteobrama) [ref. 4366]. Fem. Parosteobrama pellegrini Tchang, 1930. Type by monotypy. In Oxygastrinae based on Megalobrama of Tang et al.2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Megalobrama Dybowski, 1872 -- (Luo 1990:160 [ref. 20057], Bănărescu 1997:25 [ref. 23274], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:200 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:122 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Megalobrama Dybowski, 1872. Xenocyprididae.

Species Megalobrama amblycephala Yih, 1955 - Wuchang bream

[=Megalobrama amblycephala Yih [P.-L.], 1955:116, Figs. 1 (2, 4), 2 (6, 8); Pl. 1] Notes: [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 20566] Lake Liang-Tze, Hupei, China. Current status: Valid as Megalobrama amblycephala Yih, 1955. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Megalobrama elongata Huang & Zhang, 1986 - elongate bream (author) [=Megalobrama elongata Huang [H.-J.] & Zhang [W.], 1986:99] Notes: [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 16243] Yi-bin, Sechuan, China. Current status: Valid as Megalobrama elongata Huang & Zhang, 1986. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Megalobrama mantschuricus (Basilewsky, 1855) - Mongolian bream (author) [=Abramis mantschuricus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:239, Megalobrama skolkovii Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:213] Notes: [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Brought to Beijing [Peking], from Mongolia and Manchuria, China. Current status: Valid as Megalobrama mantschuricus (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Megalobrama pellegrini (Tchang, 1930) - Pellegrin's minnow (author) [=Parosteobrama pellegrini Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:50, Fig. 4] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 55 (no. 1); ref. 4366] Szechuan, China. Current status: Valid as Megalobrama pellegrini (Tchang, 1930). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Megalobrama skolkovii Dybowski, 1872 - Amur River minnow (author) [=Megalobrama skolkovii Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:213] Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Middle and lower Amur River, Ussuri River, Sungari River, and Lake Khanka, Russia. Current status: Valid as Megalobrama skolkovii Dybowski, 1872. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Russia and China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Megalobrama terminalis (Richardson, 1846) - Canton bream (author) [=Abramis terminalis Richardson [J.], 1846:294, Megalobrama hoffmanni Herre [A. W. C. T.] & Myers [G. S.], 1931:241] Notes: [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. Current status: Valid as Megalobrama terminalis (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Eastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (hoffmanni) [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 10 (nos 2-3); ref. 2115] Canton, China. Current status: Synonym of Megalobrama terminalis (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Metzia Jordan & Thompson, 1914 - minnows [=Metzia Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.], 1914:227, Rasborinus Oshima [M.], 1920:130] Notes: [ref. 2543]. Fem. Acheilognathus mesembrinum Jordan & Evermann, 1902. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Authorship is correctly Jordan & Thompson 1914:227. •Treated as a synonym of Rasborinus Oshima, 1920 -- (Bănărescu 1997:23 [ref. 23274]). •Valid as Metzia Jordan & Thompson, 1914 -- (Kottelat 2001:30 [ref. 25482] although implying that the genus dates to Jordan & Everman 1902, Chen & Fang 2002:74 [ref. 28835] wrongly with authorship as Jordan & Richardson 1902, Gan et al. 2009:55 [ref. 30038], Ho & Shao 2011:25 [ref. 31432], Shibukawa et al. 2012:264 [ref. 32338], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:123 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Metzia Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Xenocyprididae.

(Rasborinus) [ref. 3313]. Masc. Rasborinus takakii Oshima, 1920. Type by original designation. In Oxygastrinae based on Metzia of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Valid as Rasborinus Oshima, 1920 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:69 [ref. 13499], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:54 [ref. 13584], Kottelat 1989:11 [ref. 13605], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:106 [ref. 23876], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:118 [ref. 23878], Chen & Fang 2000:13 [ref. 24434]). •Synonym of Metzia Jordan & Thompson, 1914 -- (Kottelat 2001:30 [ref. 25482] dating to Jordan & Evermann 1902, Gan et al. 2009:55 [ref. 30038], Ho & Shao 2011:25 [ref. 31432], Kottelat 2013:123 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Metzia Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Xenocyprididae.

Species Metzia alba (Nguyen, 1991) - Nghe minnow (author) [=Rasborinus albus Nguyen [T. T.], 1991:15] Notes: [ref. 25484] Nghia Dan, Nghe Tinh Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Metzia alba (Nguyen 1991). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vienam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metzia bounthobi (Shibukawa et al., 2012) - Sopvan minnow (author) [=Metzia bounthobi Shibukawa [K.], Phousavanh [P.], Phongsa [K.] & Iwata [A.], 2012:265, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32338] Mekong basin in Sopvan, Nyoi District, Luang Prabang Province, Lao PDR (20°36.5’N, 102°39.1’E), northern Laos. Current status: Valid as Metzia bounthobi Shibukawa, Phousavanh, Phongsa & Iwata, 2012. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Northern Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metzia formosae (Oshima, 1920) - Manka minnow (author) [=Rasborinus formosae Oshima [M.], 1920:131, Pl. 3 (fig. 1), Metzia fanlingensis Lin [S.-Y.], 1939:130, Fig. 2, Ischikauia hainanensis Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:374, Fig. 38, Rasborinus yaii Harada [I.], 1943:37, Pl. 13 (figs. 43-44)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 72; ref. 3313] Near Manka, Taihoku, Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Metzia formosae (Oshima, 1920). Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: Taiwan, China and northern Vietnam. and Hanin Island, China. Habitat: freshwater. (fanlingensis) [Hong Kong Naturalist v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 12405] Fanling, New Territories, Hong Kong. Current status: Synonym of Metzia formosae (Oshima, 1920). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (hainanensis) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Metzia formosae (Oshima, 1920). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (yaii) [Freshwater fishes of Hainan Island 1943; ref. 22794] Jinghu Lake, southern Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Metzia formosae (Oshima, 1920). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metzia hautus (Nguyen, 1991) - hautus minnow (author) [=Rasborinus hautus Nguyen [T. T.], 1991:14] Notes: [ref. 25484] Thanh Chuong, Nghe Tinh Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Metzia hautus (Nguyen, 1991). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metzia lineata (Pellegrin, 1907) - lined metzia (author) [=Ischikauia lineata Pellegrin [J.], 1907:502, Rasborichthys altior Regan [C. T.], 1913:394, Rasborinus fukiensis Nichols [J. T.], 1925:6, Rasborinus hainanensis Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:377, Fig. 40, Clupea huae Tirant [G.], 1883:[29], Clupeoides hueensis Chevey [P.], 1932:9] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 13 (no. 7); ref. 14330] Tonkin, Red River drainage, northern Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Metzia lineata (Pellegrin, 1907). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (altior) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 14978] Singapore. Current status: Synonym of Metzia lineata (Pellegrin, 1907). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

(fukiensis) [American Museum Novitates No. 182; ref. 15554] Near Yenping, Fukien, China. Current status: Synonym of Metzia lineata (Pellegrin, 1907). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (hainanensis) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Metzia lineata (Pellegrin, 1907). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (huae) [Bulletin de la Société des Études Indo-chinoises. Saigon. 1883; ref. 17920] Hué River, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Metzia lineata (Pellegrim, 1883). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (hueensis) [Note, Service Océanographique des Pêches de l'Indochine No. 19; ref. 23060] Hué, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Metzia lineata (Pellegrin, 1883). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Metzia longinasus Gan et al., 2009 - Hongshui-He minnow (author) [=Metzia longinasus Gan [X.], Lan [J.-H.] & Zhang [E.], 2009:56, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 56 (no. 1); ref. 30038] Hongshui-He River, Pearl River drainage, Du'an County, Guangxi Province, South China. Current status: Valid as Metzia longinasus Gan, Lan & Zhang, 2009. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Hongshui-He River, Guangxi Province, southern China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metzia mesembrinum (Jordan & Evermann, 1902) - Suwata minnow (author) [=Acheilognathus mesembrinum Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.], 1902:323, Fig. 6, Ischikavia macrolepis Regan [C. T.], 1908:150, Rasborinus takakii Oshima [M.], 1920:130, Pl. 3 (Fig. 3)] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 25 (no. 1289); ref. 2447] Suwata, Suwo Bay, Taiwan [not Kotosho, Taiwan]. Current status: Valid as Metzia mesembrinum (Jordan & Evermann, 1902). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater. (macrolepis) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 14338] Kagi, Chiayi County, Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Metzia mesembrinum (Jordan & Evermann, 1902). Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: Taiwan, introduced in Singapore. Habitat: freshwater. (takakii) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 72; ref. 3313] Ako, Pingtung County, Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Metzia mesembrinum (Jordan & Evermann, 1902). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metzia parva Luo et al., 2015 - Cheng-jiang River minnow (author) [=Metzia parva Luo [W.], Sullivan [J. P.], Zhao [H.-T.] & Peng [Z.-G.], 2015:228, Figs. 1-3, 4A] Notes: [Zootaxa 3962 (no. 1); ref. 33822] Cheng-jiang River, a tributary flowing into Hongshui-He River of the Pearl River basin at Anyang Town, Du’an County, Guangxi Province, south China (23°93'N, 108°10'E). Current status: Valid as Metzia parva Luo, Sullivan, Zhao & Peng, 2015. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Cheng-jiang River, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881 - black carps [=Mylopharyngodon Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1881:925, Leucisculus Oshima [M.], 1920:128, Myloleuciscus Garman [S.], 1912:116, Myloleucops Cockerell [T. D. A.], 1913:136, Myloleucus Günther [A.], 1873:247] Notes: [ref. 3455]. Masc. Leuciscus aethiops Basilewsky, 1855. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:9 [ref. 13497], Howes 1981:41 [ref. 14200], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:37 [ref. 13584], Kottelat 1989:9 [ref. 13605], Song in Pan et al. 1991:80 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:44 [ref. 22798], Chen in Chen 1998:99 [ref. 23556], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:100 [ref. 23878], Bíró & Bănărescu 1999:345 [ref. 24856], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:51 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:293 [ref. 29996], Minckley & Marsh 2009:182 [ref. 31114], Kottelat 2013:124 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447], Parin et al. 2014:84 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881. Xenocyprididae. (Leucisculus) [ref. 3313]. Masc. Leucisculus fuscus Oshima, 1920. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Mylopharyngodon of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881 -- (Howes 1981:41 [ref. 14200], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:100 [ref. 23878], Bíró & Bănărescu 1999:345 [ref. 24856], Ho & Shao 2011:24 [ref. 31432], Kottelat 2013:124 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881. Xenocyprididae. (Myloleuciscus) [ref. 1544]. Masc. Myloleuciscus atripinnis Garman, 1912. Type by monotypy (second species conditionally included).

In Oxygastrinae based on Mylopharyngodon of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881 – (Howes 1981:41 [ref. 14200], Bănărescu 1997:24 [ref. 23274], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:100 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:124 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881. Xenocyprididae. (Myloleucops) [ref. 870]. Masc. Leuciscus aethiops Basilewsky, 1855. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Myloleucus Günther, 1873, preoccupied by Myloleucus Cope, 1872 in fishes. In Oxygastrinae based on Mylopharyngodon of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1880 -- (Howes 1981:41 [ref. 14200], Bănărescu 1997:24 [ref. 23274], Bíró & Bănărescu 1999:345 [ref. 24856]). Current status: Synonym of Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1880. Xenocyprididae. (Myloleucus) [ref. 2004]. Masc. Leuciscus aethiops Basilewsky, 1855. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Myloleucus Cope, 1872 in fishes, replaced by Myloleucops Cockerell, 1913. In Oxygastrinae based on Mylopharyngodon of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •In the synonymy of Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1880 -- (Howes 1981:41 [ref. 14200], Bănărescu 1997:24 [ref. 23274], Bíró & Bănărescu 1999:345 [ref. 24856], Kottelat 2013:124 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1880. Xenocyprididae.

Species Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) - black carp [=Leuciscus piceus Richardson [J.], 1846:298, Leuciscus aethiops Basilewsky [S.], 1855:233, Pl. 6 (fig. 1), Myloleuciscus atripinnis Garman [S.], 1912:116, Leuciscus dubius Bleeker [P.], 1864:19, Leucisculus fuscus Oshima [M.], 1920:129, Pl. 5 (fig. 1), Barbus tonkinensis Sauvage [H.-E.], 1884:211, Pl. 7 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. Current status: Valid as Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East asia; introduced widely elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater. (aethiops) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Near Tien-tsin at and Beijing [Peking], China. Current status: Synonym of Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (atripinnis) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 40 (pt 4); ref. 1544] Shasi, Hupeh, China. Current status: Synonym of Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (dubius) [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 407] Not available, name only in list of fishes from China.

Current status: Synonym of Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. (fuscus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 72; ref. 3313] Ako [Pingtung], Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (tonkinensis) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 9; ref. 3886] Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Nipponocypris Chen et al., 2008 - Korean minnows, dark chubs [=Nipponocypris Chen [I-S.], Wu [J.-H.] & Hsu [C.-H.], 2008:210] Notes: [ref. 29933]. Masc. Leuciscus temminckii Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. Type by original designation. •Valid as Nipponocypris Chen, Wu & Hsu, 2008 -- (see Chen et al. 2009 [ref. 30298], Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Nipponocypris Chen, Wu & Hsu, 2008. Xenocyprididae.

Species Nipponocypris koreanus (Kim et al., 2005) - Korean minnow [=Zacco koreanus Kim [I.-S.], Oh [M.-K.] & Hosoya [K.], 2005:2, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Korean Journal of Ichthyology v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 28195] Han River, Haoan-ri, Hongcheon-eup, Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea. Current status: Valid as Nipponocypris koreanus (Kim, Oh & Hosoya, 2005). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Japan and Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nipponocypris sieboldii (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) - Siebold's Korean minnow (author) [=Leuciscus sieboldii Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:211, Pl. 101 (figs. 5, 5a-b), Squaliobarbus panwingi Lin [S.-Y.], 1932:381] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Current status: Valid as Nipponocypris sieboldii (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Japan and Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

(panwingi) [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 2780] White Cloud Mountain, Kwangtung, China. Current status: Synonym of Nipponocypris sieboldii (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nipponocypris temminckii (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) - dark chub [=Leuciscus temminckii Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:210, Pl. 101 (figs. 4, 4a-b)] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Current status: Valid as Nipponocypris temminckii (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Japan and Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Ochetobius Günther, 1868 - carps [=Ochetobius Günther [A.], 1868:297, Agenigobio Sauvage [H.-E.], 1878:87] Notes: [ref. 1990]. Masc. Opsarius elongatus Kner, 1867. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Ochetobius Günther, 1868 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:44 [ref. 13497], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:43 [ref. 13584], Song in Pan et al. 1991:86 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:30 [ref. 22798], Chen in Chen 1998:104 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:78 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:106 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:98 [ref. 28183], Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:128 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Ochetobius Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. (Agenigobio) [ref. 3878]. Masc. Agenigobio halsoueti Sauvage, 1878. Type by monotypy. In Oxygastrinae based on Ochetobius of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Ochetobius Günther, 1868 -- (Chu 1935:33 [ref. 832], Yang & Hwang 1964:44 [ref. 13497], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:43 [ref. 13584], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:106 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:128 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Ochetobius Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae.

Species Ochetobius elongatus (Kner, 1867) - Shanghai elongate carp (author) [=Opsarius elongatus Kner [R.], 1867:358, Agenigobio halsoueti Sauvage [H.-E.], 1878:87 [2], Ochetobius lucens Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.], 1905:195, Fig. 2] Notes: [Reise der öesterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18426] Shanghai, China.

Current status: Valid as Ochetobius elongatus (Kner 1867). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Eastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (halsoueti) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 3878] Lac Po-Yang, Kiangsi, China. Current status: Synonym of Ochetobius elongatus (Kner, 1867). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater. (lucens) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1391); ref. 2530] Chemulpo, Korea. Current status: Synonym of Ochetobius elongatus (Kner, 1867). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Opsariichthys Bleeker, 1863 - minnows, threelips [=Opsariichthys Bleeker [P.], 1863:203] Notes: [ref. 397]. Masc. Leuciscus uncirostris Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Bleeker 1863:263 [ref. 403] and 1863:28 [ref. 4859], with type designated [relative dates of publication not established]. •Valid as Opsariichthys Bleeker, 1863 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:40 [ref. 13497], Bănărescu 1968 [ref. 20605], Chen 1982:297 [ref. 824], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441], Kuang in Chu & Chen 1989:30 [ref. 13584], Kottelat 1989:9 [ref. 13605] as Opsarichthys, Ye & Song in Pan et al. 1991:75 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:30 [ref. 22798], Bogutskaya 1998:79 [ref. 23589], Chen & Chu in Chen et al. 1998:46 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:98 [ref. 28183], Chen et al. 2008:215 [ref. 29934], Chen et al. 2009:165 [ref. 30298], Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:130 [ref. 32989], Huynh & Chen 2013:138 [ref. 33158], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae, Parin et al. 2014:84 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys Bleeker, 1863. Xenocyprididae.

Species Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873 - bidens minnow (author) [=Opsariichthys bidens Günther [A.], 1873:249, Rasbora (Rasbora) blanchardi Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.], 1874:12, Opsariichthys chekianensis Shaw [T.-H.], 1930:113, Fig. 3, Opsariichthys morrisonii Günther [A.], 1898:262, Pl. 13 (fig. A)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 12 (no. 69) (art. 31); ref. 2004] Shanghai, China. Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873. Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: Eastern and southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (blanchardi) [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] South Shen-si and west Tche-kiang, China. Current status: Synonym of Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (chekianensis) [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zooogical Series) v. 1 (no. 7); ref. 16145] Small river at Shing-Tsong, Chekiang [Zhejiang Province], China. Current status: Synonym of Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (morrisonii) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 1 (no. 4) (art. 42); ref. 14684] Newchwang [Yingkow], Liaoning Province, northeastern China. Current status: Synonym of Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (songmaensis) [Tap Chí Sinh Hoc (J. Biol.) v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 26614] Song Ma (Ma River), Song Ma town, Song Ma County, Son La Province, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Ma River, Vietnam [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Opsariichthys dienbienensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2000 - Nam Rom minnow (author) [=Opsariichthys dienbienensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [H. D.], 2000:14, Figs. 3-4] Notes: [Tap Chi Sinh Hoc (J. Biol.) v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 26614] Nam Rom River, Dien Bien Phu, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys dienbienensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2000. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Opsariichthys duchuunguyeni Huynh & Chen, 2014 - Ky Cung minnow (author) [=Opsariichthys duchuunguyeni Huynh [T. Q] & Chen [i-S.], 2014:136, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Journal of Marine Science and Technology v. 21, Suppl. [for 2013]; ref. 33158] Ky Cung River, Ky Chun -- Bang Giang river basin, Chi Lang commune, Trang Dinh district, Lang Son Province, Vietnam, 22°17'20.7"N, 106°27'30.0"E. Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys duchuunguyeni Huynh & Chen, 2014. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Ky Cung River, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Opsariichthys evolans (Jordan & Evermann, 1902) - Taihoku minnow (author) [=Zacco evolans Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.], 1902:322, Fig. 5] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 25 (no. 1289); ref. 2447] Taihoku [Taipei], Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys evolans (Jordan & Evermann, 1902). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Northern and northwestern Taiwan; Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Opsariichthys hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927 - Nodoa minnow (author) [=Opsariichthys hainanensis Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:367, Fig. 33] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa [Noda], Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Eastern and southern China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Opsariichthys kaopingensis Chen & Wu, Chen et al., 2009 - Kaoping minnow (author) [=Opsariichthys kaopingensis Chen [I-S.] & Wu [J.-H.], in Chen, Wu & Huang, 2009:172, Figs. 3D-F, 5] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 86; ref. 30298] Kaoping River, Pingtung County, Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys kaopingensis Chen & Wu, 2009. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Opsariichthys minutus Nichols, 1926 - Fukien minnow (author) [=Opsariichthys minutus Nichols [J. T.], 1926:6, Fig. 5] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 224; ref. 15601] Fukien Province, China. Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys minutus Nichols, 1926. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Outhern China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Opsariichthys pachycephalus Gunther, 1868 - Taiwan threelip (author) [=Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther [A.], 1868:296, Zacco taiwanensis Chen [Y.-Y.], 1982:296 [English p. 299], Fig. 2] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater. (taiwanensis) [Oceanologia et Limnologica Sinica v. 13 (no. 3); ref. 824] Lake Candidius, Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Opsariichthys songmaensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2000 - Song Ma threelip (author) [=Opsariichthys songmaensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [H. D.], 2000:12, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Tap Chí Sinh Hoc (J. Biol.) v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 26614] Song Ma (Ma River), Song Ma town, Song Ma County, Son La Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys songmaensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2000. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Ma River, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Opsariichthys uncirostris (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) - threelip [=Leuciscus uncirostris Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:211, Pl. 102 (figs. 1, 1a-b), Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis Berg [L. S.], 1932:384, Fig. 295] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Current status: Valid as Opsariichthys uncirostris (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Japan, Korea, and northeastern China. Habitat: freshwater. (amurensis) [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 1; ref. 278] Amur, Siberia, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Opsariichthys uncirostris (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823 - minnows [=Oxygaster van Hasselt [J. C.], 1823:133] Notes: [ref. 5963]. Fem. Oxygaster anomalura van Hasselt, 1823. Type by monotypy. Also in French version, van Hasselt 1824:377 [ref. 5104]. See Kottelat 1987:373 [ref. 5962]. •Valid but as made available by Günther 1868 -- (Roberts 1989:55 [ref. 6439]). •Valid as Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Kottelat 1989:10 [ref. 13605], Ataur Rahman 1989:78 [ref. 24860], Doi 1997:23 [ref. 22832] Tang et al. 2010:210 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:13 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:137 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823. Xenocyprididae.

Species Oxygaster anomalura Van Hasselt, 1823 - Javan minnow (author) [=Oxygaster anomalura van Hasselt [J. C.], 1823:133, Cyprinus oxygaster Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844:349] Notes: [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Oxygaster anomalura van Hasselt, 1823. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (oxygaster) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Oxygaster anomalura van Hasselt, 1823. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxygaster argentea (Day, 1867) - Bowany minnow (author) [=Chela argentea Day [F.], 1867:301 [21]] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 2); ref. 14043] Bowany River, India. Current status: Valid as Oxygaster argentea (Day, 1867). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxygaster pointoni (Fowler, 1934) - Chieng Mai minnow (author)

[=Chela pointoni Fowler [H. W.], 1934:108, Fig. 60] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Chieng Mai [Chiengmai], Thailand. Current status: Valid as Oxygaster pointoni (Fowler, 1934). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Parabramis Bleeker, 1864 - breams [=Parabramis Bleeker [P.], 1864:21] Notes: [ref. 407]. Fem. Abramis pekinensis Basilewsky, 1855. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Parabramis Bleeker, 1864 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:115 [ref. 13499], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:86 [ref. 13584], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:109 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:27 [ref. 22798], Naseka 1998:77 [ref. 23590], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:198 [ref. 23878, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:59 [ref. 28183] dated 1864], Dai et al. 2005:221 [ref. 32143], Kottelat 2013:137 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygasterinae, Parin et al. 2014:84 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Parabramis Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae.

Species Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky, 1855) - white Amur bream [=Abramis pekinensis Basilewsky [S.], 1855:239, Pl. 6 (fig. 2), Leuciscus bramula Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844:357, Megalobrama skolkovii var. carinatus Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:213, Parabramis liaohonensis Yih [P.-L.] & Wu [C.-K.], 1964:117, Fig. 2-51, Chanodichthys stenzii Popta [C. M. L.], 1907:246, Fig., Parabramis pekinensis forma strenosomus Yu [Z.-T.], Xie [H.-G.] & Yih [P.-L.], 1959:227] Notes: [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Rivers leading to Tschili [Chihli] Bay, China. Current status: Valid as Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (bramula) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China.

Current status: Synonym of Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky, 1855). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater. (carinatus) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Middle and lower Amur River, Ussuri River, Sungari River, and Lake Khanka, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (liaohonensis) [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 13499] Liao-he, Tai-an, Liaoning Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky, 1855). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater. (stenzii) [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 32 (no. 8); ref. 15170] Kaiserkanal [Imperial canal], near Kiautschou (Chiao-Hsien), 36°19'N, 120°00"E, Shantung Province, northeastern China. Current status: Synonym of Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky, 1855). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater. (strenosomus) [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 22549] Heilongjiang [Amur River], China. Current status: Synonym of Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky, 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Parachela Steindachner, 1881 - glassfishes [=Parachela Steindachner [F.], 1881:404, Grandisquamachela (subgenus of Parachela) Fowler [H. W.], 1934:111] Notes: [ref. 4232]. Fem. Parachela breitensteinii Steindachner, 1881. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Parchela Steindachner, 1881 – (Kottelat 1985:264 [ref. 11441], Kottelat 1989:10 [ref. 13605], Kottelat 1995:55 [ref. 21728], Doi 1997:23 [ref. 22832], Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:138 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Parachela Steindachner, 1881. Xenocyprididae. (Grandisquamachela) [ref. 1417]. Fem. Parachela williaminae Fowler, 1934. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Paracheila of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823 -- (see Böhlke 1984:95 [ref. 13262]). •Synonym of Parachela Steindachner, 1881 -- (Kottelat 2013:138 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Parachela Steindachner, 1881. Xenocyprididae.

Species Parachela cyanea Kottelat, 1995 - Kapuas glassfish (author) [=Parachela cyanea Kottelat [M.], 1995:55, Fig. 2 Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 43 (no. 1); ref. 21728] Sungai Tangit at Radai Tangit, 0°57'26"N, 112°04'39"E, Kapuas basin,

Kalimantan Barat, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Parachela cyanea Kottelat, 1995. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Parachela hypophthalmus (Bleeker, 1860) - Palembang glassfish (author) [=Chela hypophthalmus Bleeker [P.], 1860:471, Parachela breitensteinii Steindachner [F.], 1881:100] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 7 (N. S., v. 2); ref. 380] Palembang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Parachela hypophthalmus (Bleeker, 1860). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (breitensteinii) [Anzeiger der Akademy der Wissenschften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschftliche Classe v. 18 (no. 11); ref. 20484] Teweh, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Parachela hypoththalmus (Bleeker, 1860). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Parachela ingerkongi (Banarescu, 1969) - Tawao glassfish (author) [=Oxygaster oxygastroides ingerkongi Bănărescu [P. M.], 1969:196] Notes: [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Zoologie v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 7797] Tawao on Tawao River, northern Borneo, 4°15'N, 118°00'E. Current status: Valid as Parachela ingerkongi (Bănărescu, 1969). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Parachela maculicauda (Smith, 1934) - Tale Sap glassfish (author) [=Chela maculicauda Smith [H. M.], 1934:301] Notes: [Journal of the Siam Society, Natural History Supplement v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 4052] Klong Ranoad [Ranode], tributary of Tale Sap Lake, Songkla, Peninsular Thailand. Current status: Valid as Parachela maculicauda (Smith, 1934). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia.

Habitat: freshwater.

Species Parachela siamensis (Gunther, 1868) - Pachebon glassfish (author) [=Chela siamensis Günther [A.], 1868:336] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Pachebon [Petchabun], Mouhot, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Parachela siamensis (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker, 1852) - Kusan glassfish (author) [=Leuciscus oxygastroides Bleeker [P.], 1852:431, Chela johorensis Steindachner [F.], 1870:638 [16], Chela megalolepis Günther [A.], 1868:337] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3; ref. 16827] Kusan River, Prabukarta, southeastern Borneo; Mussi River, Palembang, southeastern Sumatra; Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker, 1852). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (johorensis) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 61 (1. Abth.); ref. 4218] Johore River, India. Current status: Synonym of Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker, 1852). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater (megalolepis) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Current status: Synonym of Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker, 1852). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Parachela williaminae Fowler, 1934 - Mekong glassfish (author) [=Parachela williaminae Fowler [H. W.], 1934:111, Fig. 63] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Mekong River at Chieng Sen [Chiengsan], northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Parachela williaminae Fowler, 1934. Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864 - minnows [=Paralaubuca Bleeker [P.], 1864:15, Cultrops Smith [H. M.], 1938:410] Notes: [ref. 406]. Fem. Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864. Type by monotypy (also by use of typus). •Valid as Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:76 [ref. 13499], Bănărescu 1971 [ref. 20621], Kottelat 1985:265 [ref. 11441], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:51 [ref. 13584], Kottelat 1989:10 [ref. 13605], Doi 1997:23 [ref. 22832], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:116 [ref. 23878], Dai et al. 2005:221 [ref. 32143], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:139 [ref. 32989], Tang et al 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. (Cultrops) [ref. 4053]. Masc. Culter siamensis Hora, 1923. Type by original designation (also monotypic). In Oxygastrinae based on Paralaubuca of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864 -- (Bănărescu 1971:347 [ref. 20621], Bănărescu & Bailey in Böhlke 1984:95 [ref. 13621], Bănărescu 1997:21 [ref. 23274] as Cutrops, Kottelat 2013:139 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae.

Species Paralaubuca barroni (Fowler, 1934) - Barron minnow (author) [=Chela barroni Fowler [H. W.], 1934:109, Fig. 61] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Mekong River at Chieng Sen [Chiengsan], Thailand. Current status: Valid as Paralaubuca barroni (Fowler, 1934). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paralaubuca harmandi Sauvage, 1883 - Chao Phya minnow (author) [=Paralaubuca harmandi Sauvage [H.-E.], 1883:153, Culter siamensis Hora [S. L.], 1923:149, Pls. 10 (fig.1), 11 (figs.4-5), Culter wolfi Fowler [H. W.], 1937:163, Fig. 101] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 7; ref. 14348] Chao Phya River, Thailand.

Current status: Valid as Paralaubuca harmandi Sauvage, 1883. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (siamensis) [Journal of the Natural History of Siam v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 15406] Bangkok, Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Paralaubuca harmandi Sauvage, 1883. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (wolfi) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 89; ref. 1425] Pitsanulok, Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Paralaubuca harmandi Sauvage, 1883. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paralaubuca riveroi (Fowler, 1935) - Fowler's Thai minnow (author) [=Culter riveroi Fowler [H. W.], 1935:108, Fig. 34] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 87; ref. 13881] Bangkok, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Paralaubuca riveroi (Fowler, 1935). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864 - Amenam minnow (author) [=Paralaubuca typus Bleeker [P.], 1864:16, Pseudolaubuca lateralis Sauvage [H.-E.], 1876:98 [2], Chela paralaubuca Günther [A.], 1868:337, Chela stigmabrachium Fowler [H. W.], 1934:109, Fig. 62] Notes: [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 406] Amenam River at Bangkok, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (lateralis) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (6th Série) v. 13; ref. 19811] Mekong River, Cochinchine [? southern Vietnam]. Current status: Synonym of Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (paralaubuca) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Current status: Synonym of Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (stigmabrachium) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Mekong River at Chieng Sen

[Chiengsan], northern Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Parazacco Chen, 1982 - predaceous chubs [=Parazacco Chen [Y.-Y.], 1982:293, Carinozacco Zhu [Y.-T.], Wang [Y.-H.] & Ni [Y.], 1982:267] Notes: [ref. 824]. Masc. Aspius spilurus Günther, 1868. Type by original designation. •See Bănărescu 1997:25 [ref. 23274]. •Valid as Parazacco Chen, 1982 -- (Kuang in Chu & Chen 1989:28 [ref. 13584], Ye & Song in Pan et al. 1991:71 [ref. 23876], Nguyen 1995:77 [ref. 21674], Chen & Chu in Chen et al. 1998:37 [ref. 23878], Chen et al 2008:206 [ref. 29933], Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:139 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Parazacco Chen, 1982. Xenocyprididae. (Carinozacco) [ref. 6473]. Masc. Aspius spilurus Günther, 1868. Type by original designation. Junior objective synonym of Parazacco Chen, 1982. In Oxygastrinae based on Parazacco of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Synonym of or subgenus of Zacco Jordan & Evermann, 1902 -- (Bănărescu 1997:21 [r. 23274]). •Objective synonym of Parazacco Chen, 1982 -- (Kuang in Chu & Chen 1989:28 [ref. 13584], Ye & Song in Pan et al. 1991:71 [ref. 23876], Chen & Chu in Chen et al. 1998:37 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:139 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Parazacco Chen, 1982. Xenocyprididae.

Species Parazacco spilurus (Günther, 1868) - predaceous chub [=Aspius spilurus Günther [A.], 1868:311, Zacco asperus Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:366, Fig. 32, Parazacco babeensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [T. D.], 2000:224, Opsariichthys elegans Pellegrin [J.] & Chevey [P.], 1934:342, 468, Fig. 1 (addendum), Aspius spilurus fasciatus Koller [O.], 1927:46, Fig. 6, Parazacco vinhi Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [T. D.], 2000:226, Parazacco vuquangensis Nguyen [T. T.], 1995:77, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Inland mountainous region of Hong Kong. Current status: Valid as Parazacco spilurus (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

(asperus) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Parazacco spilurus (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (babeensis) [ ref. 33149] Bac Can Province, Ban Cam stream, Ba Be district, Nam Mau village, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Parazacco spilurus (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (elegans) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 59; ref. 16448] Ngoi-Thia River at Nghia Lô, Tonkin, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Parazacco spilurus (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (fasciatus) [Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien v. 41; ref. 5622] Kangkong River, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Parazacco spilurus (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (vinhi) [ ref. 33149] Bac Can Province, Ba Be district, Ban Cam stream, Nam Mau village, Vietnam, Current status: Synonym of Parazacco spilurus (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (vuquangensis) [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 21674] Ngan Truoi stream, 18°25'N, 105°25'E, Vu Quang Mountain, Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Parazacco spilurus (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Plagiognathops Berg, 1907 - smallscale yellowfins [=Plagiognathops Berg [L. S.], 1907:419, Plagiognathus Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:216] Notes: [ref. 270]. Masc. Plagiognathus jelskii Dybowski, 1872. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Plagiognathus Dybowski, 1872, preoccupied by Plagiognathus Fieber, 1858 in Hemiptera. •Synonym of Xenocypris Günther, 1868 – (Liu & He in Chen et al. 1998:211 [ref. 23878]). •Valid as Plagiognathops Berg, 1907 -- (Yang 1964:127 [ref. 13500], Howes 1981:45 [ref. 14200] with wrong type, Li 1986:480 [ref. 6154], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:28 [ref. 22798], Bogutskaya 1998:77 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:100 [ref. 28183], Zhao et al. 2009:43 [ref. 30545] in Xenocyprininae, Kottelat 2013:142 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Plagiognathops Berg, 1907. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. (Plagiognathus) [ref. 1170]. Masc. Plagiognathus jelskii Dybowski, 1872. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Plagiognathus Fieber 1858 in Hemiptera, replaced by and objective synonym of Plagiognathops Berg, 1907. In Oxygastrinae based on Plagiognathops of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •In the synonymy of Xenocypris Günther 1868 -- (Liu & He in Chen et al. 1998:211 [ref. 23878]). •In the synonymy of Plagiognathops Berg, 1907 -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:100 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2013:142

[ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Plagiognathops Berg, 1907. Xenocyprididae.

Species Plagiognathops microlepis (Bleeker, 1871) - smallscale yellowfin [=Xenocypris microlepis Bleeker [P.], 1871:58, Pl. 9, Plagiognathus jelskii Dybowski [B. N.], 1872:216] Notes: [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Valid as Plagiognathops microlepis (Bleeker, 1871). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China and Russia. Habitat: freshwater. (jelskii) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Lake Khanka and Ussuri River, southeastern Russia and China. Current status: Synonym of Plagiognathops microlepis (Bleeker, 1871). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pogobrama Luo, 1995 - minnows [=Pogobrama Luo [Y.-L.], 1995:no p.] Notes: [ref. 22653]. Fem. Sinibrama barbatula Luo & Huang, 1985. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pogobrama Luo, 1995 -- (Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:148 [ref. 23878], Dai et al. 2005:213 [ref. 32143], Kottelat 2013:142 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae, Zhang et al. 2016:62 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Pogobrama Luo, 1995. Xenocyprididae.

Species Pogobrama barbatula (Luo & Huang, in Luo et al., 1985) - Qinzhou minnow (author) [=Sinibrama barbatula Luo [Y.-L.] & Huang [H.-J.], in Luo, Chen & Huang, 1985:280] Notes: [English p. 283], Fig. [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 16253] Qinzhou County, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Pogobrama barbatula (Luo & Huang, 1985). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pseudobrama Bleeker, 1870 - minnows, pseudobreams

[=Pseudobrama Bleeker [P.], 1870:253] Notes: [ref. 429]. Fem. Pseudobrama dumerili Bleeker, 1871. Type by monotypy. Type species appeared as name only in Bleeker 1870:253, described in Bleeker 1871:60. If Bleeker's remarks on p. 253 are insufficient to validate the genus, then both genus and species date to Bleeker 1871:60 [ref. 6421]. •Valid as Pseudobrama Bleeker, 1870 -- (Bănărescu 1997:26 [ref. 23274], Liu & He in Chen et al. 1998:223 [ref. 23878], Zhao et al. 2009:43 [ref. 30545] in Xenocyprininae, Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Pseudobrama Bleeker, 1870. Xenocyprididae.

Species Pseudobrama simoni (Bleeker, 1864) - pseudobream [=Acanthobrama simoni Bleeker [P.], 1864:25, Pseudobrama dumerili Bleeker [P.], 1871:60, Pl. 7 (fig. 1), Culticula emmelas Abbott [J. F.], 1901:485, Fig.] Notes: [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 407] China. Current status: Valid as Pseudobrama simoni (Bleeker, 1864). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (dumerili) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudobrama simoni (Bleeker, 1864). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (emmelas) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1221); ref. 2] Pei-ho River, Tien-Tsin, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudobrama simoni (Bleeker, 1864). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pseudohemiculter Nichols & Pope, 1927 - minnows [=Pseudohemiculter (subgenus of Hemiculter) Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:372] Notes: [ref. 5747]. Masc. Hemiculter hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860 -- (Bănărescu 1968:523 [ref. 20603]). •See Bănărescu 1997:26 [ref. 23274]. •Valid as Pseudohemiculter Nichols & Pope, 1927 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:79 [ref. 13499], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:77 [ref. 13584], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:94 [ref. 23876], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:175 [ref. 23878], Dai & Yang 2003:73 [ref. 26685], Dai et al. 2005:221 [ref. 32143], Kottelat 2013:146 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiculter Nichols & Pope, 1927. Xenocyprididae.

Species Pseudohemiculter dispar (Peters, 1881) - Hong Kong minnow (author) [=Hemiculter dispar Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1881:1035, Unnumbered plate fig. 7] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preuss[ischen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1880; ref. 3456] Hong Kong. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiculter dispar (Peters, 1881). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900) - Hainan minnow (author) [=Barilius hainanensis Boulenger [G. A.], 1900:961, Pl. 69 (fig. 2), Hemiculter hainanensis Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:372, Fig. 36, Hemiculter hunanensis Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:134, Hemiculter kinghwaensis Wang [K. F.], 1935:48, Fig. 4] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899 (pt 4); ref. 14715] Five-fingers Mountains, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (hainanensis) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (hunanensis) [Thèses: présentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de docteur des sciences naturelles, Sér. A. No. 209 (order no. 233); ref. 16212] Middle Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (kinghwaensis) [Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China. (Zoological Series) v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 4582] Kinghwa, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudohemiculter kweichowensis (Tang, 1942) - Kweichow minnow (author) [=Hemiculter kweichowensis Tang [D.-S.], 1942:161]

Notes: [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 20 (nos 2-4); ref. 4335] Kweiyang market, Kweichow Province, China. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiculter kweichowensis (Tang, 1942). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudohemiculter pacboensis Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001 - Le Nin minnow (author) [=Pseudohemiculter pacboensis Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001:148, Fig. 69] Notes: [Freshwater fishes of Viet Nam. Volume I. Family Cyprinidae v. 1; ref. 28301] Suôi Lê Nin, Hang Pác Bó, Cao Bang Province, Viêt Nam. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiculter pacboensis Nguyen, 2001. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Lê Nin stream, Hang Pác Bó, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pseudolaubuca Bleeker, 1864 - minnows [=Pseudolaubuca Bleeker [P.], 1864:28, Parapelecus Günther [A.], 1889:227] Notes: [ref. 407]. Fem. Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Pseudolaubuca Bleeker, 1864 -- (Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:48 [ref. 13584], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:116 [ref. 23876], Bănărescu 1997:26 [ref. 23274], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:155 [ref. 23878], Dai & Yang 2003:73 [ref. 26685], Dai et al. 2005:221 [ref. 32143], Kottelat 2013:146 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Pseudolaubuca Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. (Parapelecus) [ref. 2016]. Masc. Parapelecus argenteus Günther, 1889. Type by monotypy. In Oxygastrinae based on Pseudolaubuca of Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447]. •Valid as Parapelecus Günther, 1889 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:81 [ref. 13499]). •Synonym of Pseudolaubuca Bleeker, 1864 -- (Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:48 [ref. 13584], Bănărescu 1997:24 [ref. 23274], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:155 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:146 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae.

Species Pseudolaubuca engraulis (Nichols, 1925) - Huping minnow (author)

[=Hemiculterella engraulis Nichols [J. T.], 1925:7, Pseudolaubuca angustus Kimura [S.], 1935:109, Fig., Parapelecus oligolepis Wu [H.-W.] & Wang [K.-F.], 1931:222, Fig. 1, Pseudolaubuca setchuanensis Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:147, Pseudolaubuca shawi Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:147, Pl. 3 (fig. 4), Pseudolaubuca tsinanensis Mori [T.], 1933:165, Fig. 1] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 182; ref. 15554] Huping, Tungting Lake, Hunan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Pseudolaubuca engraulis (Nichols 1925). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (angustus) [Journal of the Shanghai Scientific Institute v. 3; ref. 13710] Rivulet near Tsung-Ming City, Tsung-Ming Island, mouth of the Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca engraulis (Nichols, 1925). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (oligolepis) [Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China. (Zoological Series) v. 7 (no. 6); ref. 16351] Wushan, Szechwan, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca engraulis (Nichols, 1925). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (setchuanensis) [Thèses: présentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de docteur des sciences naturelles, Sér. A. No. 209 (order no. 233); ref. 16212] Szechuan, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca engraulis (Nichols, 1925). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (shawi) [Thèses: présentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de docteur des sciences naturelles, Sér. A. No. 209 (order no. 233); ref. 16212] Szechuan, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca engraulis (Nichols, 1925). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (tsinanensis) [Japanese Journal of Zoology v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 16507] Tsi-nan, Shantung, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca engraulis (Nichols, 1925). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudolaubuca hotaya Mai, 1978 - Tay minnow (author) [=Pseudolaubuca hotaya Mai [D. Y.], 1978:143, Fig. 63] Notes: [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Tây Lake, northern Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Pseudolaubuca hotaya Mai, 1978. Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudolaubuca jouyi (Jordan & Starks, 1905) - Chemulpo minnow (author) [=Parapelecus jouyi Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.], 1905:200, Fig. 6] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1391); ref. 2530] Chemulpo, Korea. Current status: Valid as Pseudolaubuca jouyi (Jordan & Starks, 1905). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864 - Bleeker's Chinese minnow (author) [=Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker [P.], 1864:29, Parapelecus argenteus Günther [A.], 1889:227, Parapelecus fukiensis Nichols [J. T.], 1926:7, Fig. 6, Parapelecus machaerius Abbott [J. F.], 1901:488, Fig., Chela nicholsi Fowler [H. W.], 1923:1, Parapelecus tungchowensis Tchang [T.-L.], 1932:121, Fig. 1, Pseudolaubuca sinensis vietnamensis Mai [D. Y.], 1978:143] Notes: [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 407] China. Current status: Valid as Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (argenteus) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 21); ref. 2016] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] at Kiu-Kiang, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (fukiensis) [American Museum Novitates No. 224; ref. 15601] Fukien, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (machaerius) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1221); ref. 2] Pei-ho River, Tien-Tsin, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (nicholsi) [American Museum Novitates No. 83; ref. 15404] Ning-kwo, Anhwei Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

(tungchowensis) [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zooogical Series) v. 3 (no. 9); ref. 16402] Tungchow, Hopei, China. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (vietnamensis) [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Rasborichthys Bleeker, 1859 - carps [=Rasborichthys Bleeker [P.], 1859:155] Notes: [ref. 371]. Masc. Leuciscus helfrichii Bleeker, 1857. Type by subsequent monotypy. Apparently appeared first in key, without included species. One species included by Bleeker 1859 [or 1860]:155 [ref. 371] and 1860:286, 456 [ref. 380]. •Valid as Rasborichthys Bleeker, 1859 -- (Roberts 1989:77 [ref. 6439], Doi 1997:24 [ref. 22832], Tang et al. 2010:210 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Kottelat 2013:156 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Rasborichthys Bleeker, 1859. Xenocyprididae.

Species Rasborichthys helfrichii (Bleeker, 1856) - Helfrich's carp (author) [=Leuciscus helfrichii Bleeker [P.], 1856:15] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 2; ref. 13960] Kahajan River, Borneo. Current status: Valid as Rasborichthys helfrichii (Bleeker, 1856). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Sumatra and Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Sinibrama Wu, 1939 - nases [=Sinibrama Wu [H.-W.], 1939:115] Notes: [ref. 4805]. Fem. Chanodichthys wui Lin, 1932. Type by monotypy. See Bănărescu 1997:27 [ref. 23274]. •Valid as Sinibrama Wu, 1939 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:109 [ref. 13499], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:52 [ref. 13584], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:101 [ref. 23876], Chen in Chen 1998:107 [ref. 23556], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:142 [ref. 23878], Xie et al. 2003:403 [ref. 27550], Dai et al. 2005:213 [ref. 32143], Takeuchi & Hosoya 2011:15 [ref. 21144], Kottelat 2013:163 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae).

Current status: Valid as Sinibrama Wu, 1939. Xenocyprididae.

Species Sinibrama affinis (Vaillant, 1892) - Nam-Kia nase (author) [=Chanodichthys affinis Vaillant [L. L.], 1892:127 [3]] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (8th Série) v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 14518] Nam-Kia River, tributary of Black River, Upper Tonkin, northern Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Sinibrama affinis (Vaillant, 1892). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sinibrama longianalis Xie et al., 2003 - Wu nase (author) [=Sinibrama longianalis Xie [Z.-G.], Xie [C.-X.] & Zhang [E.], 2003:404, Fig. 2] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 51 (NO. 2); ref. 27550] Stream tributary to Wu Jiang of the upper Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] basin, Xiang Jiang in Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China. Current status: Valid as Sinibrama longianalis Xie, Xie & Zhang, 2003. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Xiang Jiang in Zunyi and Qingshui Jiang in Kaiyang, tributary to Wu Jiang, Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sinibrama macrops (Günther, 1868) - macrops nase (author) [=Chanodichthys macrops Günther [A.], 1868:326, Erythroculter macrophthalmus Berg [L. S.], 1934:265, 266 [English], Sinibrama wui polylepis Yih [P.-L.] & Wu [C.-K.], 1964:110, Fig. 2-44, Chanodichthys wui Lin [S.-Y.], 1932:516] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Taiwan [Formosa]. Current status: Valid as Sinibrama macrops (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China and Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater. (macrophthalmus) [Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 17312] Taihoku (Taipei), Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Sinibrama macrops (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (polylepis) [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 13499] Guilin, Guangxi, China.

Current status: Synonym of Sinibrama macrops (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (wui) [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 2781] Yunkiang, Kweichow, China. Current status: Synonym of Sinibrama macrops (Günther, 1868). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sinibrama melrosei Nichols & Pope, 1927 - Melrose's nase (author) [=Megalobrama melrosei Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:369, Fig. 34] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Sinibrama melrosei (Nichols & Pope, 1927). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sinibrama taeniatus (Nichols, 1941) - Loshan nase (author) [=Rasborinus taeniatus Nichols [J. T.], 1941:2, Ancherythroculter brevianalis Bănărescu [P. M.], in Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968:345, Figs. 10-11, Sinibrama changi Chang [H.-W.], 1944:38] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 1107; ref. 13110] Loshan (Kiating), Szechwan, China, elevation 1100 feet. Current status: Valid as Sinibrama taeniatus (Nichols, 1941). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (brevianalis) [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 81; ref. 7861] Suifu, Szechwan, China. Current status: Synonym of Sinibrama taeniatus (Nichols, 1941). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (changi) [Sinensia v. 15 (nos 1-6); ref. 5136] Omei, Szechwan, China. Current status: Synonym of Sinibrama taeniatus (Nichols, 1941). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sinibrama typus Yih & Wu, in Wu, 1964 - typus nase (author) [=Sinibrama wui typus Yih [P.-L.] & Wu [C.-K.], in Wu, 1964:109] Notes: [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 13499] Current status: Valid as Sinibrama typus Yih & Wu, 1964. Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sinibrama wui (Rendahl, 1933) - Kiating nase (author) [=Chanodichthys wui Rendahl [H.], 1933:105] Notes: [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 24 A (pt 4) (no. 16) (1932); ref. 3703] Kiating and Suifu, China. Current status: Valid as Sinibrama wui (Rendahl, 1933). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Squaliobarbus Günther, 1868 - barbel chubs [=Squaliobarbus Günther [A.], 1868:297] Notes: [ref. 1990]. Masc. Leuciscus curriculus Richardson, 1846. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Squaliobarbus Günther, 1868 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:52 [ref. 13497], Howes 1981:41 [ref. 14200], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:42 [ref. 13584], Song in Pan et al. 1991:84 [ref. 23876], Chen in Chen 1998:103 [ref. 23556], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:104 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:51 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:293 [ref. 29996], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygasterinae, Kottelat 2013:165 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Squaliobarbus Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae.

Species Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846) - barbel chub [=Leuciscus curriculus Richardson [J.], 1846:299, Squaliobarbus caudalis Sauvage [H.-E.], 1884:211, Pl. 7 (fig. 2), Squaliobarbus jordani Evermann [B. W.] & Shaw [T.], 1927:107, Leuciscus teretiusculus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:232, Pl. 4 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. Current status: Valid as Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China, Vietnam and Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

(caudalis) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 9; ref. 3886] Hanoi, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (jordani) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 1286] Hangchow, China. Current status: Synonym of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (teretiusculus) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Aquis in sinum Tschiliensem tendentibus, northern China. Current status: Synonym of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Toxabramis Günther, 1873 - carps [=Toxabramis Günther [A.], 1873:249] Notes: [ref. 2004]. Fem. Toxabramis swinhonis Günther, 1873. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Toxabramis Günther, 1873 -- (Yih & Wu 1964:84 [ref. 13499], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:83 [ref. 13584], Lu in Pan et al. 1991:113 [ref. 23876], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:159 [ref. 23878], Dai & Yang 2003:73 [ref. 26685], Dai et al. 2005:221 [ref. 32143], Takeuchi & Hosoya 2011:15 [ref. 21144], Kottelat 2013:169 [ref 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Toxabramis Günther, 1873. Xenocyprididae.

Species Toxabramis argentifer Abbott, 1901 - Pai-ho carp (author) [=Toxabramis argentifer Abbott [J. F.], 1901:484, Fig.] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1221); ref. 2] Pai-ho River, Tien-Tsin, China. Current status: Valid as Toxabramis argentifer Abbott 1901. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Toxabramis hoffmanni Lin, 1934 - Hoffmann's carp (author) [=Toxabramis hoffmanni Lin [S.-Y.], 1934:440, Fig. 1] Notes: [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 13 (no. 3); ref. 16435] Wuchow, Kwangsi, China. Current status: Valid as Toxabramis hoffmanni Lin, 1934. Xenocyprididae.

Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin, 1932 - Houdemer's carp (author) [=Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin [J.], 1932:156, Toxabramis houdemeri var. abbreviata Pellegrin [J.], 1934:334, Toxabramis hotayensis Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen & Ngô, 2001:143, Fig. 66] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 57; ref. 16388] Hanoi Market, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin, 1932. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (abbreviata) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 59; ref. 16447] Pools around Hanoi, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin, 1932. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (hotayensis) [Freshwater fishes of Viet Nam. Volume I. Family Cyprinidae v. 1; ref. 28301] Hô Tây, Hà Nôi, Viêt Nam. Current status: Synonym of Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin, 1932. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Ho Tay (west Lake) Hanoi, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Toxabramis maensis Nguyen & Duong, in Duong et al., 2006 - Ma carp (author) [=Toxabramis maensis Nguyen [H. D.] & Duong [Q. N.], in Duong et al., 2006:17 [Engl. 20], Toxabramis nhatleensis Nguyen [H. D.], Tran [D. H.] & Ta [T. T.], in Duong et al., 2006:19 [Engl. 20]] Notes: [Tap Chíi Sinh Hoc (J. Biol.) v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 28953] Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Toxabramis maensis Nguyen & Duong, 2006. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (nhatleensis) [Tap Chí Sinh Hoc (J. Biol.) v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 28953] Quang Bin Province, Le Thuy, Nhat Le River, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Toxabramis maensis Nguyen & Duong, 2006. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Toxabramis swinhonis Günther, 1873- Swinhoe's carp (author) [=Toxabramis swinhonis Günther [A.], 1873:250, Toxabramis paiyantieni Mori [T.], 1941:182, Fig. 1]

Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 12 (no. 69) (art. 31); ref. 2004] Shanghai, China. Current status: Valid as Toxabramis swinhonis Günther, 1873. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (paiyantieni) [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 53 (no. 3); ref. 12158] Pai-yang-tien, Paoting, northern China. Current status: Synonym of Toxabramis swinhonis Günther, 1873. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Xenocyprioides Chen, 1982 - minnows [=Xenocyprioides Chen [Y.-Y.], 1982:425 [427]] Notes: [ref. 826]. Masc. Xenocyprioides parvulus Chen, 1982. Type by original designation (also monotypic). English description on p. 427. •Valid as Xenocyprioides Chen, 1982 -- (Bănărescu 1997:28 [ref. 23274], Liu & He in Chen et al. 1998:209 [ref. 23878], Zhao et al. 2009:44 [ref. 30545] but not in Xenocyprininae, Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31202] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:171 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Xenocyprioides Chen, 1982. Xenocyprididae.

Species Xenocyprioides carinatus Chen & Huang, in Luo et al., 1985 - Longzhow minnow (author) [=Xenocyrioides carinatus Chen [Y.-Y.] & Huang [H.-J.], in Luo, Chen & Huang, 1985:281] Notes: [English p. 283], Fig. [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 16253] Longzhow County, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Xenocyprioides carinatus Chen & Huang, 1985. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Xenocyprioides parvulus Chen, 1982 - Chen's minnow (author) [=Xenocyprioides parvulus Chen [Y.-Y.], 1982:425, Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 826] Qinzhou County, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Xenocyprioides parvulus Chen, 1982. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China.

Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Xenocypris Günther, 1868 - yellowfins, nases [=Xenocypris Günther [A.], 1868:205] Notes: [ref. 1990]. Fem. Xenocypris argentea Günther, 1868. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Xenocypris Günther, 1868 -- (Yang 1964:121 [ref. 13500], Howes 1981:45 [ref. 14200], Li 1986:480 [ref. 6154], Bogutskaya 1987:936 [ref. 13521], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:93 [ref. 13584], Liu et al. in Pan et al. 1991:119 [ref. 23876], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:28 [ref. 22798], Chen in Chen 1998:123 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:78 [ref. 23589], Liu & He in Chen et al. 1998:211 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:100 [ref. 28183], Zhao et al. 2009:33 [ref. 30545], Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:170 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Xenocypris Günther, 1868. Xenocyprididae.

Species Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, 1871 - David's nase (author) [=Xenocypris davidi Bleeker [P.], 1871:56, Pl. 6 (fig. 4), Xenocypris insularis Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:363, Fig. 29] Notes: [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Valid as Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (insularis) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Xenocypris fangi Tchang, 1930 - Fang's nase (author) [=Xenocypris fangi Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:92, Fig. 3, Xenocypris setchuanensis Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:105, Xenocypris suifuensis Kimura [S.], 1934:65] Notes: [Sinensia v. 1 (no. 7); ref. 16213] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] system, Sichuan Province, China.

Current status: Valid as Xenocypris fangi Tchang, 1930. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (setchuanensis) [Thèses: présentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de docteur des sciences naturelles, Sér. A. No. 209 (order no. 233); ref. 16212] Szechuan, China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris fangi Tchang, 1930. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (suifuensis) [Journal of the Shanghai Scientific Institute v. 1; ref. 16434] Suifu, Szechwan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris fangi Tchang, 1930. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Xenocypris hupeinensis (Yih, in Yang, 1964) - Hupei nase (author) [=Distoechodon hupeinensis Yih [P.-L.], in Yang, 1964:129] Notes: [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 13500] Hupei, China. Current status: Valid as Xenocypris hupeinensis (Yih, 1964). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871 - yellowfin [=Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker [P.], 1871:53, Pl. 5 (fig. 2), Xenocypris aenea Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.], 1874:13, Xenocypris argentea Günther [A.], 1868:205, Leuciscus argenteus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:232, Xenocypris argentea fani Tchang [T.-L.] & Shaw [T.-H.], 1931:291, Fig. 8, Xenocypris guentheri Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.], 1874:13, Xenocypris katinensis Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:84, Xenocypris lampertii Popta [C. M. L.], 1907:243, Fig., Xenocypris nankinensis Tchang [T.-L.], 1930:102, Xenocypris nitidus Garman [S.], 1912:117, Xenocypris sungariensis Berg [L. S.], 1907:418 [1], Xenocypris tapeinosoma Bleeker [P.], 1871:55, Pl. 11 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River],

China. Current status: Valid as Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (aenea) [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (argentea) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (argenteus) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Beijing [Pekin], China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (fani) [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zooogical Series) v. 2; ref. 16404] Lai-say, Hopei, China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (guentheri) [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (katinensis) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 16211] Katin, Szechuan, China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (lampertii) [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 32 (no. 8); ref. 15170] Kaiserkanal [Imperial canal], near Kiautschou (Chiao-Hsien), 36°19'N, 120°00'E, Shantung Province, northeastern China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (nankinensis) [Thèses: présentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de docteur des sciences naturelles, Sér. A. No. 209 (order no. 233); ref. 16212] Nanking, China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (nitidus) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 40 (pt 4); ref. 1544] Shasi, Hupeh, China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (sungariensis) [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 270] Songhua [Sungari] River basin near Harbin and Hailin River, China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

(tapeinosoma) [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Xenocypris medius (Oshima, 1920) - medius nase (author) [=Leuciscus medius Oshima [M.], 1920:190, Fig. 2] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 72; ref. 15245] Central Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Xenocypris medius (Oshima, 1920). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Xenocypris schisturus (Oshima, 1920) - schisturus nase (author) [=Leuciscus schisturus Oshima [M.], 1920:189, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 72; ref. 15245] Central Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Xenocypris schisturus (Oshima, 1920). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Xenocypris yunnanensis Nichols, 1925 - Kunming nase [=Xenocypris yunnanensis Nichols [J. T.], 1925:6] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 185; ref. 3180] Yunnan-fu Lake (Kunming), Tien, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Xenocypris yunnanensis Nichols, 1925. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China.

GENUS Zacco Jordan & Evermann, 1902 - chubs [=Zacco Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.], 1902:322] Notes: [ref. 2447]. Masc. Leuciscus platypus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. Type by original designation. Treated by authors as masculine. •Valid as Zacco Jordan & Evermann, 1902 -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:45 [ref. 13497], Bănărescu 1968 [ref. 20605], Chen 1982:295 [ref. 824], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441], Kuang in Chu & Chen 1989:29 [ref. 13584], Ye & Song in Pan et al. 1991:74 [ref. 23876],

Wang et al. 1997:170 [ref. 25517], Chen in Chen 1998:97 [ref. 23556], Chen & Chu in Chen et al. 1998:40 [ref. 23878], Kim et al. 2005:1 [ref. 28195], Ma et al. 2006:341 [ref. 28735], Chen et al. 2009:179 [ref. 30298], Tang et al. 2010:202 [ref. 31204] as ex-Danioninae, Tang et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32559] in Oxygastrinae, Kottelat 2013:171 [ref. 32989], Tang et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33447] in Oxygastrinae). Current status: Valid as Zacco Jordan & Evermann, 1902. Xenocyprididae.

Species Zacco acutipinnis (Bleeker, 1871) - acutipinnis chub (author) [=Barilius (Barilius) acutipinnis Bleeker [P.] (ex Guichenot), 1871:81, Pl. 13 (fig. 1), Opsariichthys acanthogenys Boulenger [G. A.], 1901:269, Pl. 24 (fig. 1), Zacco macrolepis Yang [Y.-J.] & Hwang [H.-C.], 1964:46, Fig. 1-33, Zacco macrophthalmus Kimura [S.], 1934:46, Pl. 2 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Valid as Zacco acutipinnis (Bleeker, 1871). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Southern China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater. (acanthogenys) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1901, v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 5127] Ningpo, China. Current status: Synonym of Zacco acutipinnis (Bleeker, 1871). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (macrolepis) [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 13497] Fujian, Sichuan, and Hebei Provinces, China. Current status: Synonym of Zacco acutipinnis (Bleeker, 1871). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (macrophthalmus) [Journal of the Shanghai Scientific Institute v. 1; ref. 16434] Peng-hsien, Szechwan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Zacco acutipinnis (Bleeker, 1871). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Zacco chengtui Kimura, 1934 - Chengtu's chub (author) [=Zacco chengtui Kimura [S.], 1934:44, Pl. 2 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Journal of the Shanghai Scientific Institute v. 1; ref. 16434] Peng-hsien, near Chengtu, Szechwan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Zacco chengtui Kimura, 1934. Xenocyprididae. Distribution: China.

Habitat: freshwater.

Species Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) - pale chub [=Leuciscus platypus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:207, Pl. 101 (figs. 1, 1a-b), Leuciscus macropus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:209, Pl. 101 (figs. 2, 2a-b), Leuciscus minor Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:210, Pl. 101 (figs. 3, 3a-b)] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Current status: Valid as Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (macropus) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. (minor) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater. ***************************************************************Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

(genera)

Rasborella Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1923:7 [ref. 1474]. Fem. Rasborella dubia Fowler & Bean 1923. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Status uncertain -- (Bănărescu 1997:26 [ref. 23274], Kottelat 201:69 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae.

(species)

dorsohorizontalis, Nicholsicypris Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan [L. H.] 1969:10, Fig. 2 in ref. 29795 [Some data on composition, origin, and distribution of cyprinid species in northern Vietnam; ref. 25483] Ha Bac Province, Vietnam. Lectotype: RIAH 1041 (possible H.01.06.02.01). Paralectotypes: (5) 1 remaining in RIAH. See Kottelat 2001:113, 116 [ref. 25482] for availability issues. Spelled several ways originally; Kottelat 2001:116 [ref. 25482] as first reviser selected dorsohorizontalis See Nguyen & Doan 2008 [ref. 29793] for an English translation of ref. 25483. Lectotype selected by Roberts & Catania 2008:89 [ref. 29794], but holotype may be erroneus. •Status uncertain -- (Kottelat 2001:44 [ref. 25482], Roberts & Catania 2008:94 [ref. 29794]). •See Liao et al. 2011:662

[ref. 31495] for possible generic placement. •Questionably valid as Aphyocypris dorsohorizontalis (Nguyen & Doan 1969) -- (Kottelat 2013:76 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Aphyocypris dorsohorizontalis (Nguyen & Doan 1969). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

kyphus, Yaoshanicus Mai [D. Y.] 1978:138, Fig. 61 [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Ky-Phú Creek and Câu River, Cho-Moi, Hòa-Binh, northern Vietnam. Holotype (unique): DVZUT. •Status uncertain -- (Kottelat 2001:44 [ref. 25482]). •See Liao et al. 2011:662 [ref. 31495]for possible generic placement. •Questionably a synonym of Aphyocypris kyphus (Mai 1978) -- (Kottelat 2013:74 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Aphyocypris kyphus (Mai 1978). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Distribution: Vietnam [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

pekinensis, Culter Basilewsky [S.] 1855:237 [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Streams draining to the Gulf of Tschili, Beijing [Pekin], China. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky 1855) -- (Kottelat 2006:29 [ref. 28831], Kottelat 2013:87 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky 1855). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

typus, Sinibrama wui Yih [P.-L.] & Wu [C.-K.] in Wu 1964:109 [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 13499] Replacement name for Chanodichthys wui Rendal 1932 according to Kottelat (2013:163). Appeared as Sinibrama wui typus (Rendahl); perhaps not intended as new but as the typical subspecies (correctly wui wui (Rendahl) to contrast with wui polylepis). •Uncertain as Sinibrama typus Yih & Wu 1964 -- (Kottelat 2013:163 [ref. 32989]). Current status:Uncertain as Sinibrama typus Yih & Wu 1964. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

exiquus, Culter Basilewsky [S.] 1855:237 [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Near Beijing [Peking], China. No types at ZIN. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

kashinensis, Culter Shaw [T.-H.] 1930:116, Fig. 5 [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zooogical Series) v. 1 (no. 7); ref. 16145] Ka-Shing, Chekiang, China. Holotype (unique): ZMFMIB 5120. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

jabouillei, Hemiculter Chevey [P.] 1936:431, Fig. 3 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 60; ref. 13686] Kouang-Tchéou-Wan (Kwang-cho-wan), Kwang-tung Province, southern China. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger 1900) -- (Kottelat 2013:146 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger 1900). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

kaifenensis, Hemiculterella Tchang [T.-L.] 1932:212, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zooogical Series) v. 3 (no. 14); ref. 16403] Kaifeng, Honan, China. Holotype: ZMFMIB (now ASIZB) 8562. Paratypes: ZMFMIB (now ASIZB) 8563. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:107 [ref.

29155]. •Synonym of Pseudolaubuca engraulis (Nichols 1925) -- (Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:157 [ref. 23878] as faifensis, Zhang et al. 2016:63 [ref. 34477]). •Species inquirenda in Bagridae -- (Ferraris 2007:107 [ref. 29155]). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

soldatovi, Hemiculterella Nikolskii [A. M.] 1903:361 [6] [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR. v. 8 (for 1903); ref. 3203] Eastern Mongolia. Syntypes: ZIN 12790 (2). On p. 6 of separate. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

simoni, Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker [P.] 1878:311 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Natuurkunde (Ser.2) v. 12; ref. 17118] Yang-tse-kiang River, China. Syntypes: MNHN (2). From Kottelat, 2013:112. •Quentionably a synonym of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson 1845) -- (Kottelat 2013:112 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson 1845). Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

acutipinnis, Opsariichthys Guichenot [A.] in Bleeker 1871:82 [Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam) v. 12 (art. 2); ref. 6421] Not available, Guichenot museum name adopted by Bleeker but as Barilius (Barilius) acutipinnis. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae.

bea, Opsarichthys Nguyen [T. T.] 1987:32, Fig. 3 [Tap Chí Sinh Hoc (J. Biol.) v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 17718] Nghe-Tinh Province, Khe Bo, Vietnam. Holotype: Fac. Pédagogie, Vinh, Kb 224. Correct spelling of original genus is Opsariichthys, not Opsarichthys. •Valid as Opsariichthys bea Nguyen 1987 -- (Kottelat 2001:33 [ref. 25482], Chen et al. 2009;175 [ref. 30298]). •Possibly a Parazacco -- (Huynh & Chen 2014:143 [ref. 33158]). Current status: Uncertain as Opsariichthys bea Nguyen 1987. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

brevistomatus, Opsariichthys Nguyen [V. H.], Nguyen [T. H. T.], Do [V. T.] & Nguyen [T. D. P.] 2012:18, Fig. 3 [Newsletter Research Institute for AquacultureNo. 1, issue 5; ref. 33000] •Not available; no designation of a holotype. •Questionably in the synonymy of Opsariichthys bidens Günther 1873 -- (Kottelat 2013:130 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Unknown. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Distribution: Dakrong district, Quang Tri province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsoarcus, Opsariichthys Nguyen [V. H.], Nguyen [T. H. T.], Do [V. T.] & Nguyen [T. D. P.] 2012:18, Fig. 1 (a & b) [Newsletter Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, issue 5; ref. 33000] •Not available; no designation of a holotype. Questionably in the synonymy of Opsariichthys bidens Günther 1873 -- (Kottelat 2013:130 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Opsariichthys bidens Günther 1873. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Distribution: Dakrong district, Quang Tri province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

hieni, Opsarichthys Nguyen [T. T.] 1987:32, Fig. 2 [Tap Chí Sinh Hoc (J. Biol.) v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 17718] Huong Son, Nghe-Tinh [Tin] Province, Vietnam.

Holotype: Fac. Pédagogie, Vinh H.S 159. Correct spelling of genus is Opsariichthys. •Valid as Opsariichthys hieni Nguyen 1987 -- (Nguyen & Nguyen 2000:12 [ref. 26614], Chen et al. 2009;175 [ref. 30298] as heini). •Possible a Rasbora -- (Huynh & Chen 2014:143 [ref. 33158]). •Questionably a synonym of Rasbora steineri Nichols & Pope 1927 -- (Kottelat 2013:155 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Opsariichthys hieni Nguyen 1987. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Distribution: Vietnam (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

longianalis, Opsariichthys Nguyen [V. H.], Nguyen [T. H. T.], Do [V. T.] & Nguyen [T. D. P.] 2012:18, Fig. 2 [Newsletter Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, issue 5; ref. 33000] •Not available; no designation of a holotype. •Questionably in the synonymy of Opsariichthys bidens Günther 1873 -- (Kottelat 2013:130 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Opsariichthys bidens Günther 1873. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Distribution: Dakrong district, Quang Tri province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

anomalurus, Oxygaster Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:350 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Not available; manuscript name mentioned in passing. Synonym of Oxygaster anomalura van Hasselt 1823. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae.

hypselosoma, Pseudobrama Bleeker [P.] 1872:119, Pl. 3 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Natuurkunde (Ser. 2) v. 6; ref. 17071] China. No types known. Based on a drawing. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

melanopterus, Pseudobrama Bleeker [P.] 1872:119, Pl. 2 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Natuurkunde(Ser. 2) v. 6; ref. 17071] China. No types known. Based on a drawing. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.

typus, Sinibrama wui Yih [P.-L.] & Wu [C.-K.] in Wu 1964:109 [The cyprinid fishes of China v. 1; ref. 13499] Replacement name for Chanodichthys wui Rendal 1932 according to Kottelat (2013:163). Appeared as Sinibrama wui typus (Rendahl); perhaps not intended as new but as the typical subspecies (correctly wui wui (Rendahl) to contrast with wui polylepis). •Uncertain as Sinibrama typus Yih & Wu 1964 -- (Kottelat 2013:163 [ref. 32989]). Current status:Uncertain as Sinibrama typus Yih & Wu 1964. Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae. Habitat: freshwater.