Gemeinsam kreativ für bessere Software - Vortragsreihe Dortmund
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Transcript of Gemeinsam kreativ für bessere Software - Vortragsreihe Dortmund
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© itemis AG
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Vortragsreihe Dortmund„Gemeinsam kreativ für bessere Software“
Florian Geyer
Usability Engineer
19.03.2013
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Übersicht
Gründung im Jahr 2003
Mehr als 160 Mitarbeiter
Stammsitz in Lünen bei Dortmund
Niederlassungen in Deutschland,
Frankreich und der Schweiz
Strategisches Mitglied der
Eclipse Foundation
Die itemis AG stellt sich vor
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Intensive Verzahnung mit Forschungseinrichtungen
Spezialist für modellbasierte, generative
Entwicklungsverfahren
Geschäftsbereiche
Enterprise Application Development
Embedded Software Development
Usability Engineering
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Übersicht
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Spezifizieren Sie komplexe Applikationen in kürzester Zeit und behalten Sie die Auswirkungen und Risiken von Anforderungsänderungen durch den gesamten Entwicklungsprozess im Blick.
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Spezifikationen,für alle verständlich!
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Kunden
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© itemis AG
itemis AG | Am Brambusch 15-24 | D-44536 Lünen | www.itemis.de
Kontakt:
André Ufer
0231 9860 263
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© itemis AG
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Gemeinsam kreativ für bessere Software
Kreative Methoden für die Entwicklung gebrauchstauglicher Software
Vortragsreihe Dortmund, 19.03.2013
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© itemis AG
Vorschau
Software und Kreativität!?
Kreativität: Versuch einer Definition
Softwareentwicklung: Iteration und Exploration
Teamarbeit: Wissen effektiv kombinieren
Methoden
Beispiel: Affinity Diagramming
Beispiel: Paper Prototyping
Ausblick
Werkzeuge und kreative Umgebungen
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© itemis AG
Kreativität
Versuch einer Definition
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Das kreative Produkt
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Die kreative Person
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Gold, 2007
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© itemis AG
Der kreative Prozess
Explorativer Ablauf
• Lösungsorientiert
• Divergenz & Konvergenz
• „Reflective Practice“
Teamarbeit
• Spontanität & Offenheit
• Neugier und Mut
Methoden
• Situationsabhängig
• Informal, Flexibel
• Erlernbar!
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© itemis AG
Softwareentwicklungsprozess
Iteration und Exploration
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© itemis AG
Kreativität als Prozess
Ist kein analytischer
Prozess
Akzeptiert, dass Probleme
nicht genau spezifiziert
werden können
Lösungsorientiert
Interdisziplinäres
Teamwork
Informal & „chaotisch“,
„Spielerei“
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Softwareentwicklung
Strukturierter, analytischer
Prozess
Spezifikation ist notwendig
für Projektplanung
Problemorientiert,
Anforderungsmanagement
Koordination
verschiedener Rollen
Formal und gut
dokumentiert
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Abstraktes Prozessmodell
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Buxton, 2007
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© itemis AG
Wasserfall Modell
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Erweitertes Wasserfallmodell (Iterationen)
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Royce, 1970
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Agile Softwareentwicklung (z.B. Scrum)
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Wikipedia
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Usability Engineering: Explorative Anforderungsanalyse
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DIN EN ISO 9241-210, 2010
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Iteration & Exploration
Iteration:
Inkrementelle Verfeinerung
Kleine Korrekturen
Exploration:
Alternativen entwickeln
Entscheidungen verwerfen
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Buxton, 2007
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Evolution des Softwareentwicklungsprozesses
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Buxton, 2007
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Teamarbeit
Wissen effektiv kombinieren
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© itemis AG
Stakeholder im Entwicklungsprozess
Entwickler
(Interaktions-)Designer
Produktmanager
Requirements Engineers
Usability Engineers
Sales
Management
...
Benutzer!?
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Potential Gruppenarbeit
Mehr Wissen, mehr Ideen?
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Warr, 2007
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© itemis AG
Potential Gruppenarbeit
Mehr Wissen, mehr Ideen?
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Warr, 2007
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© itemis AG
Kreativitätsblocker
Gegenseitige Blockierung
Bewertungsangst
(z.B. Experte vs. Laie)
Starke Persönlichkeiten
Soziales Faulenzen
(Trittbrettfahrer)
Frühe Fixierung
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Kreativitätsblocker:Maßnahmen
Moderation der
Kreativarbeit
Gestaltung von Verhaltens-
regeln und Methoden
Verwendung geeigneter
Materialien
Gestaltung der
Arbeitsbereiche und
Umgebung
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© itemis AG
Methoden
Kreativitätstechniken gezielt einsetzen
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Methoden - Übersicht
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Affinity Diagramming
Paper Prototyping
Concept Maps
Card Sorting
Brainsketching
KJ Methode
Methode 635Brainwriting
Galeriemethode
Mind MappingCollective Notebook
Metaplan
Zukunfts-Werkstatt
Denkhüte
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Methoden - Übersicht
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Affinity Diagramming
Paper Prototyping
Concept Maps
Card Sorting
Brainsketching
KJ Methode
Methode 635Brainwriting
Galleriemethode
Mind MappingCollective Notebook
Metaplan
Zukunfts-Werkstatt
Denkhüte
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© itemis AG
Affinity Diagramming
Methode zur
Konsolidierung und
Analyse von
Anforderungen
Phasen:
1) Erstellung von
Anforderungen
2) Präsentation in der
Gruppe
3) Diskussion und
Sortierung
31
Gröninger, German UPA
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Phase 1
Individuelle Generierung von Anforderungen
Vorsortierung
32
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Phase 2
Präsentation der Anforderungen
Anpinnen an Whiteboard oder Wand
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Phase 3
Sortieren der Anforderungen in Cluster (Affinities)
Erstellung von Hierarchien
34
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Ergebnis
35
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Nutzen und Verwendung
36
Bei unklaren Anforderungen in frühen Phasen
Zur Konsolidierung und Analyse von Wissen und Perspektiven
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Paper Prototyping
Methode zur frühen und
informalen Erhebung von
Nutzerfeedback
Phasen:
1) Abläufe Skizzieren
2) Varianten Entwickeln
3) Nutzungstest
vorbereiten
4) Simulation der
Interaktion
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Gröninger, German UPA
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© itemis AG
Phase 1
Skizzieren der Anwendung auf Papier
Annotation von Screenshots / digitalen Entwürfen
38
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Phase 2
Abläufe der Anwendung entwerfen
Entwicklung von Alternativen und Varianten
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Phase 3
Einladen eines potentiellen Benutzers
Erläuterung eines Nutzungsszenarios
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Phase 4
Simulation der Nutzerinteraktion
Austauschen der Skizzen nach Ablaufvarianten
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Nutzen und Verwendung
42
Einbezug des späteren Benutzers vor der Entwicklung
Test von Interaktionsabläufen und Funktionen
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Ausblick
Kreatives Arbeiten etablieren
43
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Werkzeuge
Haftnotizen und Papier
sind effektiv und effizient!
Ausreichend Material zur
Verfügung stellen
Ein Moderationskoffer
verfügt über die
wichtigsten Materialien
Materialien sind für
verschiedene Methoden
geeignet
44
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© itemis AG
Kreative Umgebungen
Kreativität braucht
Freiraum
Viel Platz um Ideen und
Konzepte sichtbar &
vergleichbar zu machen
Gemeinsame Orte für
spontane Treffen
Verwendung von
Computern ist oft von
Nachteil!
45
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© itemis AG
Herausforderungen
Formale Prozesse
benötigen strukturierte
Dokumentationen
Wissensmanagement ist in
kreativen Situationen
schwierig
Nacharbeit und Analyse
notwendig
Rolle des „Dokumentators“
hilfreich
46
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Zukunftsvision
Hybride Werkzeuge für kreative Gruppenarbeit
47
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48
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Fazit
Bessere Software erfordert
Iteration & Exploration
Kreativität in frühe Phasen
integrieren
Methoden sind einfach und
erlernbar
Herausforderungen im
Bereich der Dokumentation
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Literatur
Bill Buxton: Sketching User Experiences,
Morgan Kaufmann, 2007
Terry Winograd: Bringing Design to Software,
ACM Press, 1997
Donald Schön: The Reflective Practitioner,
Basic Books, 1983
Bryan Lawson: How Designers Think,
Elsevier, 1997
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© itemis AG
itemis AG | Am Brambusch 15-24 | D-44536 Lünen | www.itemis.de
Florian Geyer
Michael Jendryschik
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Qualitätssteigerung durch Usability Engineering
52
Intuitive Anwendungen und
weniger Nutzungsprobleme
Schnellere Zielerreichung
Integration von Benutzern
in den Design- und
Entwicklungsprozess
Potentialanalyse
Nutzungsanalysen Gestaltung Consulting
Modellierung von
Nutzungsanforderungen
Benutzungstests im
Usability-Testlabor
Nutzerinterviews
Konzeptentwicklung
Nutzungsszenarien
Interaktionsdesign
Sketching & Prototyping
Etablierung eines
Usability-Prozesses
Usability-Grundlagen
Methoden-Schulung
Heuristische Reviews
Ergebnis:
Kostensenkung in
Entwicklung und Wartung
um Faktor 100 bis 1000!
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Kommende Veranstaltungen der itemis AG
• EclipseCon 2013
25.03.2013 – 28.03.2013, Boston, Massachusetts
• REFSQ 2013 – Requirements Engineering Foundation
for Software Quality
08.04.2013 – 11.04.2013, Essen, Vortrag: Jens Trompeter
• Code Generation Conference 2013
10.04.2013 – 12.04.2013, Cambridge, UK
• Frühjahrstagung GSE Arbeitsgruppe Software Engineering
15.04.2013 – 17.04.2013, Köln, Vortrag: Thorsten Kamann
• Vortragsreihe Bonn: Clojure at Work
25.04.2013, Bonn, Vortrag: Falko Riemenschneider
2013
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