GPi)alkic©l - lorkremlaw.files.wordpress.com · esckþIepþIm GPi)alkic©l¥...

GPi)alkic©l¥

Extula qñaM 2010e)aHBum<elIkTI2

matika

esckþIepþIm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1

1>TidæPaBTUeTAénGPi)alkic©l¥ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>3

1>1 niymn½y >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>3

1>2 eKalbMNgénGPi)alkic©l¥ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>3

1>3 tYGgÁsMxan;² kñúgGPi)alkic©l¥ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4

2>eKalkarN_énGPi)alkic©l¥ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6

TI1 ³ karcUlrYm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7

TI2 ³ nItirdæ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10

TI3 ³ tmøaPaB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13

TI4 ³ karRBmeRBog nigÉkPaB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13

TI5 ³ smFm’>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15

TI6 ³ RbsiT§PaB nigPaBs½kþisiT§i>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16

TI7 ³ KNenyüPaB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>17

TI8 ³ kareqøIytb >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>18

TI9 ³ ckçúvis½yCayuT§saRsþ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>18

3>GPi)alkic©l¥kñúgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay nigc,ab; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>19

3>1 GPi)alkic©l¥kñúgRkbx½NÐyuT§saRsþctuekaN

rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>19

3>2 GPi)alkic©l¥kñúgRkbx½NÐc,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgrdæ)alXMu sgáat; >>23

3>3 GPi)alkic©l¥kñúgRkbx½NÐc,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgrdæ)alraCFanI

extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>24

3>3>1 GMBIeKalkarN_RKb;RKgrdæ)alraCFanI extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ >>24

3>3>2 KNenyüPaBrbs;RkumRbwkSa KN³GPi)al nigbuKÁlik >>>>25

BaküKnøwH >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>27

esckþIepþIm

GPi)alkic©l¥ CaEpñkmYyy:agsMxan;kñúgkarCMruj nigKaMRTdMeNIrkar

énkarRKb;RKgFnFanrbs;sßab½n GgÁPaB nigkarGPivDÆmYyRbkbeday

nirnþrPaB.

GPi)alkic©EdlRbkbedaysuPvinicä½y KWCaGPi)alkic©l¥ edaykar

cat;Ecg nigkarRKb;RKgbBaða nigFnFansaFarN³RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB

ehIyeqøIytbeTAnwgtRmUvkar nigplRbeyaCn_rbs;sgÁmCatiTaMgmUl.

PaBRtwmRtUvtameKalneya)ay KWCal½kçx½NÐcaM)ac;dMbUgeKbMput

énGPi)alkic©l¥. PaBRtwmRtUvtameKalneya)ay RtUv)anBicarNa

edayepþatCasMxan;eTAelIktþaBIry:agKW ³ 1¦-karKaMRTedayRbCaBlrdæ

PaKeRcInbMput b¤TaMgGs; nig 2¦-karbeRmIplRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaBlrdæ

PaKeRcInbMput b¤TaMgGs;. ebIrdæ sßab½n b¤GgÁPaB minmanPaBRtwmRtUv

tameKalneya)ayeT enaHeyIgminGacniyayGMBIGPi)alkic©l¥)aneLIy.

edayyl;eXIjBIsar³sMxan;énGPi)alkic©l¥ raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa

)anRbkasfa :GPi)alkic©l¥ KWCabuerl½kçx½NÐsMxan;bMputmYy edIm,IFana[man

karGPivDÆsgÁm esdækic©RbkbedaycIrPaB smFm’ nigyutþiFm’kñúgsgÁm :.

Ep¥kelIsar³sMxan;énGPi)alkic©l¥ raCrdæaPi)al )annwgkMBugbnþGnuvtþEpnkar

1

skmµPaBGPi)alkic©l¥ eday)ankMNt;enAkñúgyuT§saRsþctuekaNrbs;

raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nig)anbBa©ÚleKalkarN_énGPi)alkic©l¥eTAkñúg

Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay nigyuT§saRsþnanarbs;raCrdæaPi)al nigc,ab;

sþIBIkarRKb;RKgrdæ)alraCFanI extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ edIm,Ieq<aHeTArkkarGPivDÆ

RbeTsRbkbedayeCaKC½y.

2

RksYgmhaépÞ RkumKaMRTRkug Rsuk xNÐ

1> TidæPaBTUeTAénGPi)alkic©l¥

1>1> niymn½y

GPi)alkic©l¥ RtUv)aneK[niymn½yepSg²KñaCaeRcInGaRs½ynwg

sßanPaBCak;Esþg. CasamBaØ GPi)alkic©l¥mann½yfa ³ {CaviFIsa®sþEdlrdæ

sßab½n GgÁPaB eRbIR)as;kñúgkarRKb;RKgesdækic© sgÁmkic© nigsnþisux

edIm,IbeRmIplRbeyaCn_rYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ}.

RsedogKñaenHEdr kmµviFIGPivDÆn_shRbCaCati (UNDP 1997)

)an[niymn½yfa {GPi)alkic©l¥ CakareRbIR)as;GMNacxagneya)ay

esdækic© nigrdæ)al edIm,IRKb;RKgkic©karrbs;RbeTs}.

1>2> eKalbMNgénGPi)alkic©l¥

eKalbMNgénGPi)alkic©l¥ KWedIm,IRKb;RKgesdækic© sgÁmkic©

nigvibtþiTaMgLaytammeFüa)aymYy Edlpþl;nUvplRbeyaCn_y:ageRcInbMput

dl;RbCaBlrdæ.

edIm,IseRmc)annUveKalbMNgxagelIenH eK)anTTYlsÁal;CaTUeTAfa

GPi)alkic©l¥ TamTarnUvkarGPivDÆFnFanmnusSRbkbedaynirnþrPaB. cMNuc

sMxan;²énkarGPivDÆFnFanmnusSRbkbedaynirnþrPaB mandUcxageRkam ³

RtUvmanesvaEfTaMsuxPaBl¥smRsb nigRKb;RKan;sRmab;RbCaCn

3

RkumKaMRTRkug Rsuk xNÐRksYgmhaépÞ

TaMgGs; edIm,ICYy[BYkeKmansuxPaBmaMmYn nigGayuyWnyUr. enHCa

ktþaEdlGaceFVI[RbCaBlrdæ mansuxumalPaB nigfamBlRKb;RKan;

edIm,IcUlrYm)any:ageBjeljenAkñúgskmµPaBesdækic© nigsgÁm.

RtUvmanesvaGb;rMl¥smRsb nigRKb;RKan;sRmab;RbCaBlrdæTUeTA

edIm,I[BYkeKmancMeNHdwg nigCMnajeBjeljkñúgkarbegáIt»kas

[)aneRcIn nigsmRsbbMputsRmab;xøÜneK.

RtUvbegáIt»kassRmab;RbCaBlrdæTUeTA edIm,ITTYl)annUvpl

RbeyaCn_BIskmµPaBesdækic© nigmankargareFVI edIm,Irk)anR)ak;cMNUl

RKb;RKan;sRmab;bMeBjtRmUvkarCamUldæan dUcCa es,ógGahar

sMelokbMBak; CRmk CaedIm sRmab;BYkeKpÞal; nigRkumRKYsar

rbs;BYkeK.

1>3> tYGgÁsMxan;² kñúgGPi)alkic©l¥

kalBImuneKyl;eXIjfa manEtrdæaPi)almYyKt; EdlCatYGgÁén

GPi)alkic©l¥. b:uEnþbc©úb,nñenH manKMnitfµI²CaeRcIn)anbgðaj[eXIjfa

EpñkÉkCn nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilepSg²eTotk¾)anedIrtYnaTIy:agsMxan;

kñúgkarRKb;RKgesdækic© nigsgÁmkic©rbs;RbeTspgEdr. dUcenHtYGgÁ

sMxan;kñúgGPi)alkic©l¥ manbIKW ³

sßab½nrdæ ¬sßab½nneya)ay nigrdæaPi)al³ CatYGgÁsMxan;CageK¦

EpñkÉkCn

sgÁmsIuvil4


\T§iBléntYGgÁEpñkÉkCn nigsgÁmsIuvil manPaBxusKñaBI

RbeTsmYyeTARbeTsmYyGaRs½yelIl½kçx½NÐmYycMnYn dUcCa RbB½n§

neya)ay lkçN³GMeNayplxagFnFanFmµCati RbCaBlrdæ TItaMg

PUmisa®sþ Rbvtþisa®sþ vb,Fm’ nigkRmiténkarGPivDÆesdækic© .l.

5


karcUlrYm

karRBmeRBogÉkPaBKña

tmøaPaB

nItirdæ

smFm’

KNenyüPaB

kareqøIytb

ckçúvis½yCayuT§saRsþ

RbsiT§PaB nigPaBs½kþisiT§i

GPi)alkic©l¥

2> eKalkarN_énGPi)alkic©l¥

GPi)alkic©l¥ CaviFIsa®sþ b¤meFüa)ayEdlrdæ sßab½n GgÁPaB

eRbIR)as;kñúgkarRKb;RKgesdækic© sgÁmkic© nigsnþisux edIm,IbeRmIplRbeyaCn_

rYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ edaybMeBjnUveKalkarN_TaMg 9 dUcxageRkamenH ³

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TI1³ karcUlrYm

karcUlrYmkñúgbribTGPi)alkic©l¥ sMedAeTAelIkarcUlrYmrbs;

RbCaBlrdæTaMgburs nig®sþI ¬GaCJaFr RbCaBlrdæ GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al

nana nigGñkBak;B½n§epSg²eTot¦kñúgdMeNIrkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ nigGnuvtþ

esckþIseRmccitþenaH. sar³sMxan;énkarcUlrYm KWedIm,IFanafa B½t’man

TaMgLaysþIBIbBaðatRmUvkar nigbMNgR)afñarbs;RbCaBlrdæRKb;rUb RtUv)an

RbmUl nigviPaK)anRKb;RCugeRCay munnwgeFVIkarseRmccitþ.

CaTUeTA karcUlrYmeFVIeLIgtam 2rebob KWkarcUlrYmedaypÞal;

nigkarcUlrYmtamry³GñktMNag.

1>1>karcUlrYmedaypÞal;

karcUlrYmedaypÞal; mann½yfa CakarcUlrYmrbs;GñkBak;B½n§RKb;rUb

edayxøÜnÉgpÞal; enAkñúgdMeNIrénkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ nigkarGnuvtþesckþI

seRmccitþenaH. kñúgrbbRbCaFibetyü RbCaBlrdæ mansiT§icUlrYmedaypÞal;

Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkic©karsaFarN³ nigenAkñúgskmµPaBGPivDÆn_mUldæan dUcCa³

kare)aHeqñat

karcUlrYmkñúgKNbkSneya)ay

karQreQµaHe)aHeqñat

karbegáItsmaKm shKmn_nana

karcUlrYmenAkñúgdMeNIrkar nigeFVIesckþIseRmccitþenAkñúgkarksag

7


EpnkarGPivDÆn_mUldæanrbs;xøÜn

karcUlrYmCakmøaMgBlkmµ nigFnFanrbs;RbCaBlrdæ enAkñúg

skmµPaBGPivDÆn_mUldæanrbs;xøÜn k¾cat;TukCakarcUlrYmeday

pÞal;Edr.l.

1>2>karcUlrYmtamry³GñktMNag

karcUlrYmtamry³GñktMNag mann½yfa GñktMNagrbs;RbCaBlrdæ

cUlrYmkñúgdMeNIrkarénkarseRmccitþ nigGnuvtþesckþIseRmcenaH.

GñktMNag RtUvEtbMeBjtYnaTICaGñktMNag[qnÞ³ nigplRbeyaCn_

RbCaBlrdæEdlxøÜntMNag[.

GñktMNagRbCaBlrdæ GacRtUv)aneRCIserIstamnItiviFIepSg² eTAtam

lkçN³ nigsßanPaBCak;Esþg dUcCa ³

karEtgtaMg b¤kareRCIserIsedaymankarRBmeRBogÉkPaBKña

kare)aHeqñatskl b¤Gskl ¬smaCikrdæsPa smaCikRBwT§sPa

RkumRbwkSaraCFanI extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ nig XMu sgáat;¦

TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI .l.

kñúgkareRCIserIsGñktMNag RtUvBicarNacMNucmYycMnYn dUcxageRkam ³

- manlkçN³sm,tþiRKb;RKan; ehIymansmtßPaB niglT§PaBGac

bMeBjtYnaTICaGñktMNag)an

- CatMNagBitR)akd[RkumCak;lak;NamYy

8


- eRCIserIs b¤EtgtaMgGñktMNageTAtamnItiviFIEdlsmRsbeTAnwg

sßanPaBCak;Esþg

- kMNt;tYnaTI nigkarTTYlxusRtUv[)anc,as;las;

- manEpnkarkargarc,as;las;

- mannItiviFIpøas;bþÚrsmaCikGñktMNagc,as;las;

- mankmµviFIBRgwgsmtßPaB nigkarKaMRTCaRbcaMdl;GñktMNag.l.

viFIsa®sþedIm,ICMrujkarcUlrYm ³ edIm,ICMruj[skmµPaBcUlrYmkan;Et

manPaBRbesIreLIg nigedIm,IFana[RbCaBlrdæ nigGñktMNagrbs;

RbCaBlrdæman»kascUlrYmy:ageBjelj CaBiesstMNagRkumGñkRkIRk

RkumRsþI nigRkumgayrgeRKaH. cMNucmYycMnYnEdlKYrBicarNa mandUc

xageRkam ³

pSBVpSaydl;RbCaBlrdæ GMBIsar³sMxan; nigPaBcaM)ac;énkarcUlrYm

rbs;BYkeK

pSBVpSayB½t’mansþIBIkic©RbCuM nigB½t’manepSg²[)anTUlMTUlay

dl;RbCaBlrdæ

kMNt;eBlevla nigTIkEnøgRbCuM[)ansmRsb

bgábriyakasénkarRbCuM[manlkçN³CacMh mankarcUlrYmy:ag

pulpus nigsb,ayrIkray

erobcMTIkEnøgRbCuMRbkbedaypasuxPaB

9



10

erobcM[manRbB½n§TTYl nigpþl;B½t’manEdlmanlkçN³gay² nig

GacTTYlyk)an

begáItTMnak;TMngl¥ nigsñiT§sñalCamYyRbCaBlrdæ .l.

TI2³ nItirdæ

nItirdækñúgn½yGPi)alkic©l¥ TamTar[manÉksarRkbx½NÐc,ab;

RKb;RKan; edIm,IbeRmI nigkarBarplRbeyaCn_saFarN³ karBarsiT§imnusS

CaBiessRkumgayrgeRKaH b¤RkumPaKtic ehIyc,ab;TaMgenaHRtUv)anGnuvtþ

edayminlMeGog. elIsBIenHeTot RtUvmanRbB½n§TTYlxusRtUv manRbB½n§

tulakarÉkraCü nigyutþiFm’ nigsmtßkic©BRgwgkarGnuvtþc,ab;edayminlMeGog

nigminBukrlYy.

nItirdækñúgn½yGPi)alkic©l¥epþatCasMxan;eTAelI ³

ÉksarRkbx½NÐc,ab;

karkarBarsiT§imnusS

RbB½n§TTYlxusRtUv

RbB½n§yutþiFm’

smtßkic©BRgwgkarGnuvtþc,ab;edayminlMeGog nigminBukrlYy.

2>1>ÉksarRkbx½NÐc,ab;

ÉksarRkbx½NÐc,ab; KWCalixitbTdæanKtiyutþ EdlrYmman c,ab;

RBHraCRkwtü GnuRkwtü Rbkas esckþIseRmc esckþIENnaM dIka niglixit


11

bTdæanKtiyutþnana. ÉksarRkbx½NÐc,ab;sMxan;² rYmman ³

- eKalkarN_ ³ tamkarvivtþrbs;sgÁm nigtamtRmUvkarénkar

RKb;RKgrdæ

- c,ab;épÞkñúg ³ c,ab; RBHraCRkwtü GnuRkwtü Rbkas .l.

- c,ab;GnþrCati ³ sn§isBaØa GnusBaØa ktikasBaØa BiFIsar .l.

2>2>karkarBarsiT§imnusS

siTi§mnusS KWCaesckþIRtUvkarcaM)ac;rbs;mnusSRKb;²rUb Edl

mantaMgBIkMeNIt edIm,ITamTarnUvGVI²EdleFVI[mnusSrs;enARbkbeday

vicarNBaØaN nigesckþIéføfñÚr. karTTYlsÁal;nUvesckþIéføfñÚrCab;BIkMeNIt

rbs;ral;smaCikénRKYsarmnusS RBmTaMgsiT§iesµI²Kñarbs;mnusSTaMgGs;

EdlminGaclk; bþÚr epÞr b¤dkhUt)an CaRKwHénesrIPaB yutþiFm’ nigsnþiPaB.

siT§iCamUldæanFMbMputsRmab;mnusSRKb;rUbKW CIvit esrIPaB nigkarsVHEsVg

rksuPmgÁl.

2>3>RbB½n§TTYlxusRtUv

RbB½n§TTYlxusRtUvsMxan;²bMput rYmman ³

- xagGMNacneya)ay ³ sPa rdæaPi)al Rbmuxrdæ

- xagGMNacnItibBaØtþi ³ sPaTTYlxusRtUvenAkñúgkartak;Etgc,ab;

- xagGMNacRbtibtþi ³ rdæ)al GaCJaFrEdndI m®nþIraCkar

- xagGMNactulakar ³ CaGñkeFVI[mankareKarBc,ab;


12

2>4>RbB½n§yutþiFm’

eKalkarN_ énRbB½n§yutþiFm’KW ÉkraCü nigyutþiFm’. tulakarman

tYnaTIkat;kþI nigCemøaHnana edayyutþiFm’ nigminlMeGog. dUecñHtulakarÉkraCü

nigyutþiFm’ CaynþkarsñÚlmYy kñúgkarCMruj[mankareKarB nigGnuvtþc,ab;.

RbB½n§yutþiFm’enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa rYmman ³

- RbB½n§tulakar ³

tulakarraCFanI extþ nigtulakareyaFa

sala]T§rN_

tulakarkMBUl

- eRkARbB½n§tulakar ³

karcrca

sn§ankmµ ¬karnaMsRmuHsRmYl¦

mCÄtþvinicä½y ¬karvinicä½ykñúgzan³CaGaCJakNþal¦

2>5>smtßkic©BRgwgkarGnuvtþc,ab;minlMeGog nigminBukrlYy

ÉksarRkbx½NÐc,ab; RtUv)andak;[eRbIR)as;CabnþbnÞab; . ral;kar

GnuvtþRtUvEteFVIeLIgedayRsb tamÉksarRkbx½NÐc,ab;TaMgenaHy:ag

eBjelj RtwmRtUv yutþiFm’ nigminlMeGog. smtßkic©TTYlxusRtUv RtUvGnuvtþ

tamc,ab;edayminlMeGog nigminBukrlYy KWCakarrYmcMENky:agxøaMgkñúg

GPi)alkic©l¥.


13

TI3³ tmøaPaB

tmøaPaBkñúgn½yGPi)alkic©l¥mann½yfa ral;karseRmccitþ nig

karGnuvtþesckþIseRmcenaH RtUveFVIeLIg ³

edayGnuelameTAtamc,ab; nigbTdæannana

B½t’manBak;B½n§nwgkarseRmccitþ nigkarGnuvtþesckþIseRmccitþ

RtUvpSBVpSayCacMh tamry³ RbB½n§smRsb nigGacEsVgrk)an

CaBiess cMeBaHGñkEdlTTYlrgnUvplb:HBal;BIkarseRmccitþ

nigkarGnuvtþesckþIseRmccitþTaMgenaH

B½t’manTaMgenaHRtUvEtmanlkçN³RKb;RKan; niggayyl;.

TI4³ karRBmeRBogÉkPaBKña

karRBmeRBogÉkPaBKñakñúgn½y GPi)alkic©l¥ KWCakarBicarNa

TUlMTUlay nigEvgq¶ayelIplRbeyaCn_ nigtRmUvkarrbs;GñkBak;B½n§

epSg²KñaenAkñúgsgÁm ehIyQaneTArkkarseRmccitþedaymankarRBmeRBog

ÉkPaBKñaelICMerIs nigviFIsa®sþl¥NamYy EdlbeRmIplRbeyaCn_

saFarN³.

4>1>PaBepSg²KñaenAkñúgsgÁm

RkummnusSkñúgsgÁmEtgEtmanKMnit bBaða tRmUvkarGaTiPaB

dMeNaHRsay kareBjcitþ cMeNHdwg nigkaryl;eXIjepSg²Kña. ehtudUecñH

karBicarNa[)any:agTUlMTUlay nigEvgq¶ayelIplRbeyaCn_énGñk


14

Bak;B½n§epSg²KñaTaMgenaH RtUvKitdl;cMNucmYycMnYn dUcCa ³

sßanPaB rYmman bBaða tRmUvkar GaTiPaB ePT Gayu zan³kñúgsgÁm

muxrbr .l.

RkumCngayrgeRKaH rYmman GñkCMgWeGds_ CnBikar GñkeRbIR)as;

eRKOgejón kumarkMRBa ®sþIrksuIpøÚvePT TurKtCn cas;Cra .l.

RbvtþisaRsþ rYmman Rbvtþirbs;Rkum b¤CnCatinImYy²

vb,Fm’ TMenomTmøab;RbéBNI rYmman Pasa BiFIGaBah_BiBah_ BiFI

buNüRbéBNIepSg²eTot

CMenO sasna rYmman sasnaRBHBuT§ sasna\søam sasnaRKisþ .l.

KNbkSneya)ay rYmman KNbkSRbCaCn hVú‘nsiunbiuc smrgSIú .l.

RkumCatisasn_ rYmman KYy Pñg caray RKwg kack; cin cam evotNam.l.

4>2>eKalkarN_ENnaMsRmab;sRmbsRmYl[mankarRBmeRBógÉkPaBKña

k¦>l½kçx½NÐénkarRBmeRBogÉkPaBKña

l½kçx½NÐénkarRBmeRBógÉkPaBKña rYmman ³

karRBmeRBogKñaRbkbedaysuxdumrmna

karBieRKaHeyabl;CamYyRkumBak;B½n§TaMgGs;

karcUlrYmBIRkumGñkBak;B½n§epSg² kñúgdMeNIrkarénkareFVIesckþI

seRmccitþ

karyl;dwgGMBIKñaeTAvijeTAmk rvagRkumBak;B½n§TaMgGs;.

x¦>dMeNIrkarénkarRBmeRBogÉkPaBKña


15

xageRkamenHCakarENnaMxøH² edIm,IeFVIkarsRmuHsRmYl[mankar-

RBmeRBogÉkPaBKña ³

erobcM[mankarCYbCMuKñarvagRkumBak;B½n§TaMgGs;

EsVgyl;KñaeTAvijeTAmkrvagRkumGñkBak;B½n§TaMgGs; nig

begáItkareyaKyl;Kña

BiPakSaCamYyRkumBak;B½n§TaMgGs;GMBIplRbeyaCn_ nigbegáIt

CeRmIsnana

sRmuHsRmYl edIm,IseRmcykCeRmIsl¥mYyEdlbeRmInUvpl

RbeyaCn_rYm edaymankarRBmeRBogÉkPaBKñaRbkbeday

suxdumrmna.

TI5³ smFm’

smFm’kñúgn½yGPi)alkic©l¥mann½yfa Rkum b¤CnRKb;rUbTaMgGs;

CaBiess RkumPaKtic nigRkumEdlgayrgeRKaH man»kasRKb;RKan;

enAkñúgkarcUlrYmbeBa©jeyabl; elIkeLIgnUvtRmUvkarBit Gnuvtþ skmµPaB

nigTTYlplRbeyaCn_smRsb edIm,IEklMG nigEfrkSasuxumalPaBrbs;

BYkeK. elIsBIenHeTot BYkeKmanGarmµN_fa xøÜnKWCasmaCikBitR)akd

rbs;sgÁm nigminRtUv)ansgÁme)aHbg;ecalenaHeT.

suxumalPaBrbs;smaCik b¤RkumnImYy² KWCasuxumalPaBrbs;

sgÁmTaMgmUl. dUcenH dMeNIrkarénkarseRmccitþ nigkarGnuvtþesckþIseRmc


16

citþRbkbedaysmFm’ nwgeFVI[RKb;smaCikTaMgGs;enAkñúgsgÁmmanGarmµN_

fa BYkeKmñak;² KWCasmaCikBitR)akdrbs;sgÁm nig)ancUlrYmcMENkenAkñúg

dMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_sgÁmenaH. elIsBIenHeTot minmansmaCikNamñak;Kitfa

xøÜneKRtUv)ansgÁme)aHbg;ecaleLIy.

suxumalPaB epþatCasMxan;eTAelI PaBsb,ay PaBsuxRsYl

suvtßiPaB snþisux suxPaBl¥.l. suxumalPaBrbs;mnusSmñak;² minRKan;Et

KitelIEpñkrUbragkaybu:eNÑaHeT EtRtUvKitdl;EpñkCMenOsasna sµartI pøÚvcitþ

GarmµN_ RBmTaMgPaBRKb;RKan;kñúgCIvPaBrs;enApgEdr.

TI6³ RbsiT§PaB nigPaBs½kþisiT§i

RbsiT§PaB nigPaBs½kþisiT§ikñúgn½yGPi)alkic©l¥ mann½yfaCa

dMeNIrkar nigrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgkñúg kareRbIR)as;FnFan[Gs;lT§PaB

nigsnSMsMécx<s; edIm,IbegáItlT§plEdlmanKuNPaBx<s; brimaNeRcInGac

beRmIplRbeyaCn_CaGtibrma nig)aneqøIytbeTAtRmUvkarBitrbs; sgÁm.

eKalKMniténPaBs½kþisiT§i enAkñúgbribTGPi)alkic©l¥k¾)anbBa©ÚlpgEdrcMeBaH

kareRbIR)as;FnFanFmµCati RbkbedaynirnþrPaB nigkarkarBarbrisßan.

edIm,I[manRbsiT§PaB nigPaBs½kþisiT§ikñúgkarGnuvtþ RtUvBicarNa

elIcMNucmYycMnYn dUcxageRkam ³

kareRbIR)as;FnFan»ü)anRtwmRtUv

¬FnFanmnusS hirBaØvtßú smÖar eBlevla¦


17

karGnuvtþskmµPaBEdlCaGaTiPaBx<s;

eCosvagGnuvtþnUvkariyaFibetyü

karKitKUrry³eBlEvgelIkareRbIR)as;FnFanFmµCati

KµanGMeBIBukrlYy

karseRmccitþtamEbbcUlrYm .l.

TI7³ KNenyüPaB

KNenyüPaBkñúgn½yGPi)alkic©l¥ mann½yfa CakarGnuvtþtYnaTI

nigParkic©enAkñúgdMeNIrkar nigGnuvtþesckþIseRmccitþ ehIyTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaH

TegVIrbs;xøÜn edayraykarN_ RBmTaMgbBa¢ak;BImUlehtu nUvGVIEdlxøÜn)an

seRmc nigGnuvtþ.

KNenyüPaB KWminRtwmEtCakarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHmuxGñkNamñak;

Edl)anesñIsuM[eFVIGVImYyenaHeT b:uEnþCakarTTYlxusRtUvnUvskmµPaBEdl)an

GnuvtþcMeBaHmuxGñkBak;B½n§TaMgGs;pgEdr.

minEmnmanEtsßab½n GgÁPaBrbs;rdæaPi)alb:ueNÑaHeTEdlRtUvman

KNenyüPaB GgÁkarsgÁm sIuvil nigRkumh‘unÉkCn k¾RtUvmanKNenyüPaB

CasaFarN³ cMeBaHGñkBak;B½n§TaMgGs;rbs;xøÜnpgEdr BiesscMeBaHGñkEdl

TTYlrgnUvplb:HBal;GMBIkarseRmccitþ.

KNenyüPaB rYmman KNenyüPaBcMeBaHmuxfñak;dwknaM nig

KNenyüPaBcMeBaHmuxsaFarNCn.

TI8³ kareqøIytb

kareqøIytbkñúgn½yGPi)alkic©l¥mann½yfa CakarBüayam xitxM

RbwgERbgrbs;GgÁPaB sßab½n edIm,IbeRmIdl;RbCaBlrdæ nigGñkBak;B½n§TaMgGs;

edayesµIPaBKña nigminerIseGIgenAkñúgRkbx½NÐeBlevlamYy d¾smehtupl.

kareqøIytbGacCa ³

karbMeBjesvakmµCUnRbCaBlrdætamkaresñIsMu

dMeNaHRsayEdlEsþgeLIgCaskmµPaB edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða

b¤karlM)aknana

kareqøIybMPøWGMBImUlehtu EdlminGacQandl;kareFVIskmµPaB

edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða b¤karlM)ak TaMgenaH)an

sMeNIsMuGnþraKmn_BIsßab½n GgÁPaBmansmtßkic© edIm,ICYyedaHRsay

bBaða b¤karlM)akTaMgenaH RBmTaMgCMrabGMBIsMeNIsMuGnþraKmn_enH

dl;RbCaBlrdæEdlBak;B½n§nwgbBaða b¤karlM)akTaMgenaH.

TI9³ ckçúvis½yCayuT§sa®sþ

GñkdwknaMTaMgGs; nigsßab½nsaFarN³nanaRtUvmanTsSn³TUlMTUlay

nigsRmab;ry³eBlEvgGMBIGPi)alkic©l¥ nigkarGPivDÆFnFanmnusS

edayykcitþTukdak;GMBItRmUvkarcaM)ac;nana EdlRtUvGPivDÆn_elIkargarenH.

CagenHeTot GñkdwknaMTaMgGs;RtUvmankaryl;dwg[)anc,as;GMBITidæPaBnana

EpñkRbvtþisa®sþ vb,Fm’ nigsgÁm EdlBak;B½n§nwgGPi)alkic©l¥.

18


3> GPi)alkic©l¥kñúgRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay nigc,ab;

3>1> GPi)alkic©l¥kñúgRkbx½NÐyuT§saRsþctuekaN

raCrdæaPi)alnItikalTI 4 énrdæsPa bnþCMrujGnuvtþnUvyuT§saRsþ

ctuekaNedIm,IkMeNIn kargar smFm’ nigRbsiT§PaB dMNak;kalTI 2 sMedA

elIksÞÜykic©GPivDÆelIRKb;vis½yenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa.

sñÚlényuT§saRsþctuekaNKW GPi)alkic©l¥ EdlepþatkarykcitþTuk

dak;eTAelIkMENTRmg;bYn y:agKW³

1¦ karRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy

2¦ kMENTRmg;RbB½n§c,ab; nigRbB½n§yutþiFm’

3¦ kMENTRmg;rdæ)alsaFarN³

4¦ kMENTRmg;kgkmøaMgRbdab;GavuF

karRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy enAEtCarebobvar³GaTiPaBmYy

d¾sMxan;énbBa¢Irebobvar³rbs;raCrdæaPi)alnItikalTI 4 énrdæsPa. c,ab;sþIBI

karRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy KWCamUldæanKtiyutþKnøwHmYyminGacxVH)an

sRmab;karRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYyRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB. CamYyKña

enHEdr raCrdæaPi)alnwgbnþviFankarmutRsYcCayuT§saRsþCak;Esþg EdlGac

edaHRsaybBaðaGMeBIBukrlYyRbkb edayRbsiT§PaBtamry³viFankar

19


RbTak;RkLaKñarYmman³

1> karbgáarTb;sáat;Camun

2> karBRgwgKNenyüPaB nigBRgwgsmtßPaBsßab½n

3> karKaMRT nigkarcUlrYmBIsaFarN³Cn

4> karcUlrYmBI vis½yÉkCn nig

5> karBRgwgkarGnuvtþc,ab;.

kMENTRmg;c,ab; nigRbB½n§yutþiFm’ raCrdæaPi)al)anEklMGRbB½n§c,ab;

nigRbB½n§yutþiFm’ edayepþatCasMxan;eTAelIkarerobcMRkbx½NÐc,ab;[)anrwgmaM

nigkareFVITMenIbnIykmµc,ab; RBmTaMgdak;ecjnUvyuT§saRsþ nigviFankarcaM)ac;

nanakñúgeKaledABRgwgsmtßPaB ÉkraCü nigGBüaRkwténsßab½ntulakar

EdlCaktþasMxan;kñúgdMeNIrkarBRgwgnItirdæ. raCrdæaPi)alnwgepþatkarykcitþ

Tukdak;EfmeTotkñúgkarbnþ nigCMrujGnum½tc,ab;eKalsMxan;² dUcCa

RkmRBhµTNÐ c,ab;sþIBIkarRbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy c,ab;sþIBIlkçnþik³ecARkm

nigRBHraCGaCJa c,ab;sþIBIkarerobcM nigkarRbRBwtþeTAénGgÁkartulakar nig

c,ab;sþIBIviesaFnkmµc,ab;sþIBI]tþmRkumRbwkSaénGgÁecARkm. CamYyKñaenHEdr

raCrdæaPi)alnwgbnþerobcMkmµviFIpSBVpSayc,ab;dl;RbCaBlrdæ nigbNþúH

bNþalc,ab;dl;m®nþIGnuvtþc,ab;kñúgeKaledAbegáInkaryl;dwg nigkarGnuvtþ

[)anRtwmRtUv. raCrdæaPi)al nwgbnþpþl;GaTiPaBbEnßmeToteTAelI ³

1> karBRgwgsmtßPaBrbs;ecARkm

20


2> karksagnUvynþkarepSg² EdlcUlrYmbeRmI[vis½yyutþiFm’

3> karpþl;CMnYyEpñkc,ab; nig

4> karbnþCMrujelIkkm<s;ynþkarénkar edaHRsayvivaTeRkARbB½n§

tulakar.

kMENTRmg;rdæ)alsaFarN³ epþateTAelIkarFanapþl;esvasaFarN³

CUnRbCaBlrdæRbkbeday KuNPaB tmøaPaB nigRbsiT§PaB. esvasaFarN³

EdlmanEcgenAkñúgeKalneya)ay sþIBIkarpþl;esvasaFarN³énRkumRbwkSa

kMENTRmg;rdæ)al RtUv)ancgRkg nigRbmUlpþMúCa 7 RbePTFM² eTAtamvis½y

nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;RksYg sßab½n rYmman ³

1> cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgGFibetyüPaBrdæ

2> cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgEpñksnþisuxsNþab;Fñab;

3> cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgyutþiFm’ nigGaCJakNþal

4> cegáamesvaBak;B½n§ nwgkarelIkkMBs;kic©karBaNiC¢kmµ

shRKasFuntUcnigmFüm brisßanvinieyaK nigkarcUlrYmrbs;

EpñkÉkCnkñúgkarksag nigkarEfTaMehdæarcnasm<½n§

5> cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgsgÁmkic© vb,Fm’ nigkic©karnarI

6> cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgkarGPivDÆehdæarcnasm<½n§rUbvnþ nig

7> cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgkarRbmUlcMNUl kareFVIvicarNkmµ

cMNay nigkarebIkpþl;.

21


karBRgwgkarpþl;esvasaFarN³CamUldæan esvaGFibetyürbs;rdæ

esvaBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarvinieyaK nigBaNiC¢kmµFuntUc nigmFümtamry³ynþkar

{RckecjcUlEtmYy}kat;bnßykariyaFibetyüRBmTaMg begáIteLIgnUv

ynþkarmYyedIm,IFanadl;karGnuvtþRbkbedaytmøaPaB nigKµanGMeBIBukrlYy

KWkarbegáIt kariyal½yRbCaBlrdæ. raCrdæaPi)albnþCMrujGnuvtþeKal

neya)ayvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkartamry³karerobcMbTdæanKtiyutþ nigkar

dak;ecjnUvviFankarfµIEfmeTot edIm,IGnuvtþ[manRbsiT§PaBnUvc,ab;sþIBI

karRKb;RKgrdæ)alraCFanI extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ CaBiesskarerobcM nigGnuvtþ

lixitbTdæanEdlBak;B½n§nwg karepÞrGMNacBIrdæ)alfñak;Catimkrdæ)al

fñak;eRkamCati edaykMNt;[)anc,as;las;nUvtYnaTI siT§i GMNac nigkarFana

KNenyüPaBenAkñúgkarbMeBjkargar. TnÞwmenHEdr karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú

tamEbbvishmCÄkarnwgRtUvGnuvtþedayPaBTn;Pøn; nigtamdMNak;²kñúgry³

eBlmFüm edIm,ImaneBlRKb;RKan;kñúgkarksag smtßPaBfñak;eRkamCati

sRmab;karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúsaFarN³.

kMENTRmg;kgkmøaMgRbdab;GavuF edIm,IFana)annUvkic©karBarRbkb

edayRbsiT§PaBnUvGFibetyü nigbUrNPaBTwkdI snþisux nigsNþab;Fñab;

sgÁménRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa. CamYyKñaenHEdr raCrdæaPi)albnþCMruj

kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYyshKmn_GnþrCati edIm,IrYmcMENkkarBar nigEfrkSa

snþiPaB nigsnþisuxCaGnþrCati CaBiessedIm,IbgáarTb;sáat; nigb®gáabGMeBI

22


ePrvkmµ nig]RkidækmµqøgEdnRKb;RbePTmanCaGaT× karCYjdUreRKOgejón

karCYjdUrmnusS nigbTelµIsepSgeTot.

3>2> GPi)alkic©l¥kñúgRkbx½NÐc,ab;

sþIBIkarRKb;RKgrdæ)alXMu sgáat;

c,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgrdæ)alXMu sgáat; maneKaledAkMNt;karRKb;RKg

XMu sgáat;TaMgGs;kñúg RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCatamneya)ayvimCÄkar.

rdæ)alXMu sgáat; mantYnaTICMruj nigKaMBarGPi)alkic©l¥edaycat;Ecg

eRbIR)as;FnFannanaEdlmanRbkbedayecrPaBsRmab;bMeBjesckþIRtUvkar

CamUldæanenAkñúgXMu sgáat;rbs;xøÜn beRmIplRbeyaCn_rYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ

nigeKarBplRbeyaCn_rbs;CatiRsbtamneya)ayTUeTArbs;rdæ.

RbB½n§énGPi)alkic©mUldæanRtUvGnuvtþenAfñak;XMu sgáat;. GMNacdwknaM

nigRKb;RKgXMu sgáat; )anmkedaykare)aHeqñatCaTUeTA Caskl edayesrI

RtwmRtUv nigyutþiFm’ edayesµIPaB edaycMeBaH edaysm¶at; kñúgRkbx½NÐXMu

sgáat;nImYy².

rdæ)alXMu sgáat;mantYnaTIBIrRbePTKW tYnaTIbeRmIkargarmUldæan

sRmab;plRbeyaCn_XMu sgáat; nigRbCaBlrdæenAkñúgXMu sgáat;rbs;xøÜÜn nig

tYnaTICaPñak;gartMNagrdæ eRkamkarcat;taMg b¤karRbKl;GMNacrbs;GaCJaFrrdæ.

XMu sgáat; CaGgÁkartMNagRbCaBlrdækñúgXMu sgáat;rbs;xøÜn nigman

ebskkmµbeRmIplRbeyaCn_TUeTAkñúgXMu sgáat;rbs;xøÜn. RkumRbwkSaXMu sgááat;

23


RtUvmanKNenyüPaBcMeBaHRbCaBlrdæenAkñúgXMu sgáat;rbs;xøÜn GMBICeRmIs

CaGaTiPaB edIm,IeFVIesckþIseRmc Tak;TinnwgskmµPaBbeRmIplRbeyaCn_

TUeTAkñúgXMu sgáat;rbs;xøÜn.

RkumRbwkSaXMu sgáat; RtUvmanKNenyüPaBcMeBaHraCrdæaPi)al GMBIkar

RbtibtþitamrdæFmµnuBaØ c,ab; RBHraCRkwtü GnuRkwtü Rbkas niglixitbTdæannana.

3>3> GPi)alkic©l¥kñúgRkbx½NÐc,ab;sþIBI

karRKb;RKgrdæ)alraCFanI extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ

3>3>1 GMBIeKalkarN_RKb;RKgrdæ)alraCFanI extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ

raCFanI extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ RtUvRKb;RKgtameKalkarN_énrdæ)al

ÉkPaBedIm,IbegáIt CMruj nigeFVI[mancIrPaBdl;karGPivDÆtamEbb

RbCaFibetyü tamry³neya)ayvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar.

karGPivDÆtamEbbRbCaFibetyü (Democratic Development)

KWCabBaðasMxan;énGPi)alkic©l¥. karGPivDÆtamEbbRbCaFibetyü KWCa

karGPivDÆEdldMeNIrkaredaymanlkçN³dUcxageRkam ³

1¦ PaBCatMNagsaFarN³

2¦ sV½yPaBrbs;mUldæan

3¦ karBieRKaHeyabl; nigkarcUlrYm

4¦ kareqøIytb nigKNenyüPaB

5¦ karelIkkm<s;KuNPaBCIvitrbs;RbCaBlrdækñúgmUldæan

24


6¦ karelIksÞÜysmFm’

7¦ tmøaPaB nigsucritPaB

8¦ viFankarRbqaMgGMeBIBukrlYy nigkarrMelaPGMNac

3>3>2 KNenyüPaBrbs;RkumRbwkSa KN³GPi)al nigbuKÁlik

k-KNenyüPaBcMeBaHRbCaBlrdæ

RkumRbwkSaRtUvmanKNenyüPaBedaypÞal;cMeBaHRbCaBlrdæ

TaMgGs;GMBICeRmIsCaGaTiPaB edIm,IeFVIesckþIseRmcFana)annUvkarGPivDÆ

tamEbbRbCaFibetyü enAkñúgEdnsmtßkic©rbs;xøÜn.

RkumRbwkSaGaceFVIkarGegátelIkrNITaMgLay EdlxøÜnyl;eXIjfa

mansar³sMxan;dl;RbCaBlrdæ EdlxøÜnCatMNag RBmTaMgGacpSBVpSay

lT§plénkareFVIGegátenaH rYcehIyRtUvpþl;eKalkarN_ENnaMGnuvtþdl;

KN³GPi)al nigGPi)al.

RkumRbwkSaRtUvcat;Ecgkic©karhirBaØvtßú[mantmøaPaB nigman

KNenyüPaBcMeBaHRbCaBlrdærbs;xøÜn.

x-KNenyüPaBcMeBaHraCrdæaPi)al

RkumRbwkSaRtUvmanKNenyüPaBcMeBaHraCrdæaPi)al GMBIkarRbtibtþi

tamrdæFmµnuBaØ c,ab; RBHraCRkwtü GnuRkwtü niglixitbTdæannana.

RkumRbwkSaRtUvRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúrbs;xøÜnRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB tmøáaPaB

nigKNenyüPaBcMeBaH RbCaBlrdærbs;xøÜn nigcMeBaHraCrdæaPi)al.

25


kñúgtYnaTICatMNagraCrdæaPi)al RksYg sßab½nnanarbs;raCrdæaPi)al

GPi)alRtUvmanKNenyüPaBcMeBaHraCrdæaPi)al RksYgmhaépÞ nigRksYg

sßab½nnana.

K-karTTYlxusRtUv nigKNenyüPaBcMeBaHfñak;elI

buKÁlikTaMgGs;RtUvmankarTTYlxusRtUv nigKNenyüPaBedaypÞal;

cMeBaHRbFanRKb;RKgpÞal;rbs;xøÜn nigRtUvmankarTTYlxusRtUv nigKNenyüPaB

edayRbeyalcMeBaHnaykrdæ)al GPi)al KN³GPi)al nigRkumRbwkSatam

zananuRkm.

26


BaküKnøwH

kariyaFibetyü (Bureaucracy): GgÁkarmYydUcCaTIPñak;garrdæ)al b¤kgT½B

CaedImEdlmanlkçN³ smÁal;dUcteTAenH KWExSry³bBa¢aedayman

mnusSenAfñak;elIticCagenAfñak;eRkam muxtMENg nigkarTTYlxusRtUv

mankMNt;c,as;las; viFan nignItiviFIrwgkMRBws manEbbbTeRcInRtUv

bMeBj ehIymannItiviFIBi)ak²nwgRtUvqøgkat; nigkareFVIRbtiPUkmµGMNac

eTAeRkameFVIeLIgBIfñak;mYyeTAfñak;mYy.

karGPivDÆtamEbbRbCaFibetyü (Democratic Development): sMedAeTAelI

karGPivDÆEdldMeNIrkaredaymanlkçN³

1> PaBCatMNagsaFarN³ (Public Representation)mann½yfaRkumRbwkSa

RtUvGnuvtþkargarkñúgnam nigeFVICatMNag[RbCaBlrdæTaMgGs;

enAkñúgEdnsmtßkic©rbs;xøÜn .

2> sV½yPaBrbs;mUldæan (Local Autonomy) mann½yfa sßanPaBEdl

RkumRbwkSaGacm©as;karcat;Ecg RKb;RKgnUvkic©karEdl)anRbKl;

b¤eFVIRbtiPUkmµedayc,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgrdæ)alraCFanI extþ Rkug

Rsuk xNÐ RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB .

3> karBieRKaHeyabl; nigkarcUlrYm (Consultation and Participation)

27


mann½yfa CadMeNIrkarénkarGnuvtþkargar nigkareFVIesckþIseRmc

citþrbs;RkumRbwkSaEdlRkumRbwkSaRtUvCYbBiPakSa nigBieRKaHeyabl;

CamYyRbCaBlrdæenAmUldæan RBmTaMgelIkTwkcitþ nigsRmbsRmYl

[mankarcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæenAmUldæan enARKb;EpñkTaMgGs;én

GPi)alkic©edIm,IEsVgyl; nigeqøIytbtRmUvkarrbs;RbCaBlrdæ .

4> kareqøIytb nigKNenyüPaB (Responsiveness and Accountability)

mann½yfa kñúgnamCatMNagRbCalrdæenAmUldæan RkumRbwkSaRtUv

eqøIytbcMeBaHRbCaBlrdærbs;xøÜn kñúgkareFVIeKalneya)ayesckþI

seRmccitþ skmµPaB nigkarbMeBjkargarrbs;xøÜnRbkbeday

karTTYlxusRtUvnUvGVIEdlxøÜn)anGnuvtþ. RkumRbwkSak¾TTYlxusRtUv

pgEdr cMeBaHraCrdæaPi)alkñúgkarRbtibtþitamrdæFmµnuBaØ nigc,ab;

nana.

5> karelIkkm<s;KuNPaBCIvitrbs;RbCaBlrdækñúgmUldæan (Promotion of

Life Quality of the Local Residents) sMedAeTAelIkic©xitxMRbwgERbg

edIm,IbegáIt nigeFVI[mannirnþrPaBnUvbriyakasmYyRbkbeday

snþiPaB suvtßiPaB nigsuxumalPaB elIkkm<s;sRmab;karGPivDÆ

sgÁm nigesdækic© nigelIkkm<s;pasuxPaB nigKuNPaBCIvitén

RbCaBlrdækñúgmUldæan.

6> karelIksÞÜysmFm’ (Promotion of Equity) mann½yfa karKitKUr

nigykcitþTukdak;CaBiesseTAelItRmUvkarxus²Kñarbs;RsþI burs

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yuvCn nigkumar RBmTaMgtRmUvkarxus²Kñarbs;RkumCngayrgeRKaH

rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgRbCaBlrdæRkIRk nigCnCatiedImPaKtic.

7> tmøaPaB nigsucritPaB (Transparency and Integrity) mann½yfa

Cakarcat;Ecg nigRKb;RKgkic©karnana rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgkic©karhirBaØvtßú

edayGnuelamtambTdæanx<s;bMputénsucritPaB nigc,ab;kñúg

lkçN³ebIkcMhRbkbedaytmøaPaB karcUlrYm nigkareqøIytb.

8> viFankarRbqaMgGMeBIBukrlYy nigkarrMelaPGMNac (Measures to Fight

Corruption and Abuse of Power) mann½yfa CakarRbkan;yknUv

viFanénc,ab; RBmTaMgkarRbqaMg nigraykarN_GMBIGMeBIBukrlYy

nigkarrMelaPGMNac.

karTTYlxusRtUv (Responsibility): sMedAeTAelItYnaTI nigkatBVkic©Edl)an

RbKl;[edayc,ab; b¤lixitbTdæanKtiyutþ eTA[buKÁl GgÁkarcat;taMg

énrdæ)alNamYy b¤rdæ)alnImYy²énrdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati.

KNenyüPaB (Accountability): KWCakatBVkic©rbs;GñkEdlTTYl)annUvkar

TTYlxusRtUv nigsiT§iGMNac edIm,IeqøIybMPøW nigTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHTegVI

nanarbs;xøÜnrYmTaMgplvi)akEdlekIteLIgBITegVITaMgenaH.

KNenyüPaBExSTTwg (Horizontal Accountability) sMedAeTAelIExS

KNenyüPaBrvagmnÞIr GgÁPaBrbs;RksYg sßab½nfñak;Cati CamYy

rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati EdlxøÜnRbtibtþienAkñúgEdnsmtßkic©rbs;

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rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCatienaH.

KNenyüPaBExSbeNþay (Vertical Accountability) sMedAeTAelIExS

KNenyüPaBrvagrdæ)al fñak;eRkamCatiCamYyRksYg sßab½nfñak;Cati

b¤rvagmnÞIr GgÁPaBrbs;RksYg sßab½nEdlRbtibtþienAfñak;eRkamCati

CamYyRksYg sßab½nsamI.

KNenyüPaBcMeBaHRbCaBlrdæ (Accountability to Citizens): sMedAeTAelI

ExSKNenyüPaBrvag rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCatiCamYyRbCaBlrdækñúgEdn

smtßkic©rbs;xøÜn. ]TahrN_ ³

rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCatieqø IytbeTAnwgtRmUvkarCaGaTiPaBrbs;

RbCaBlrdæ CaBiessRsþI kumar RkumCngayrgeRKaH nigCnCatiedIm

PaKtic nigpþl;esvasaFarN³RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB

rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCatierobcM[manynþkarsRmab;karcUlrYmRbCaBlrdæ

enAkñúgdMeNIrkarerobcM nigGnuvtþEpnkarnigfvika nigesckþIseRmc

nanarbs;rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati

rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCatierobcM[manynþkarsRmab;karBarsiT§i nig

plRbeyaCn_rbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigpþl;B½t’mandl;RbCaBlrdæ.

KNenyüPaBépÞkñúg (Internal Accountability) sMedAeTAelIKNenyüPaB

enAkñúgGgÁkarcat;taMgmYy rbs;rdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati b¤enAkñúgrgVg;

rdæ)almYyénrdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati. ]TahrN_ ³

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KNenyüPaBrvagKN³GPi)alnigTIcat;karnanaénrdæ)alextþ {k}

CamYynwgRkumRbwkSaextþ {k}

KNenyüPaBenAkñúgKN³GPi)alextþ {k}

KNenyüPaBenAkñúgTIcat;karnImYy²énrdæ)alextþ {k} .

KNenyüPaBEpñkeKalneya)ay (Political Accountability) sMedAeTAelI

KNenyüPaBrbs;GñkCab;eqñatcMeBaHRbCaBlrdæ b¤Gñke)aHeqñat

tamry³karbMeBjtYnaTIenAkñúgGMLúgGaNtþirbs;xøÜn.

KNenyüPaBEpñkc,ab; (Legal Accountability) sMedAeTAelIKNenyüPaB

cMeBaHmuxc,ab; niglixitbTdæanKtiyutþnanaCaFrman.

KNenyüPaBEpñkrdæ)al (Administrative Accountability) sMedAeTAelI

KNenyüPaBEdlBak;B½n§nwgkarerobcMRbB½n§RKb;RKg nItiviFIRbtibtþi

sþg;dar nigniyamkargarrbs;buKÁl nigGgÁkarcat;taMgeTAtamzananuRkm.

KNenyüPaBEpñkhirBaØvtßú (Financial Accountability) sMedAeTAelI

KNenyüPaBEdlBak;B½n§nwgkarerobcMRbB½n§ nignItiviFIRKb;RKgfvika

nighirBaØvtßú RsbeTAtamc,ab; nigeKalkarN_hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³.

KNenyüPaBEpñksgÁm (Social Accountability) sMedAeTAelIskmµPaB nig

ynþkarnana EdlRbCaBlrdæGaceRbIR)as;edIm,ITamTar[rdæman

KNenyüPaBcMeBaHxøÜn RBmTaMgskmµPaBnanarbs;rdæa)alPi)al

sgÁmsIuvil nigtYGgÁdéTeTotkñúgkarelIkkm<s;karGnuvtþskmµPaB

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nigynþkarTaMgenaH.

KNenyüPaBGnþrrdæ)al (Inter-governmental Accountability) sMedAeTAelI

KNenyüPaBrvag RksYg sßab½n mnÞIr TIPñak;garnanarbs;RksYg sßab½n

CamYynwgrdæ)alnanaénrdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati. ]TahrN_ ³

KNenyüPaBrvagRksYg sßab½n CamYynwgrdæ)alraCFanI extþ

b¤rdæ)alRkug Rsuk xNÐ b¤rdæ)al XMu sgáat;

KNenyüPaBrvagmnÞIr TIPñak;garnanarbs;RksYg sßab½n CamYynwg

rdæ)alraCFanI extþ b¤rdæ)alRkug Rsuk xNÐ b¤rdæ)alXMu sgáat;

KNenyüPaBGnþrrdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati (Intra-SNA Accountability) sMedAeTA

elIKNenyüPaBrvagrdæ)alfñak;eRkamCati b¤rvagGgÁkarcat;taMgnana

énrdæ)alfñak;eRkamCatiEdlmanRbePTdUcKña b¤RbePTepSgKña.

]TahrN_ ³

KNenyüPaBrvagrdæ)alextþ {k} nigrdæ)alextþ {x}

KNenyüPaBrvagrdæ)alraCFanI extþ rdæ)alRkug Rsuk xNÐ

nigrdæ)alXMu sgáat;

KNenyüPaBrvagRkumRbwkSaextþ {k} nigRkumRbwkSaextþ {x}

KNenyüPaBrvagRkumRbwkSaraCFanI extþ RkumRbwkSaRkug Rsuk xNÐ

nigRkumRbwkSaXMu sgáat;

KNenyüPaBrvagKN³GPi)alextþ {k} nigKN³GPi)alextþ {x}

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KNenyüPaBrvagKN³GPi)alraCFanI extþ KN³GPi)alRkug Rsuk

xNÐ nigemXMu ecAsgáat;.

mCÄtþvinicä½y (Arbitration) karvinicä½ytamGaCJakNþal KWCakarRbKl;CemøaH

mYyeTA[PaKITIbI ¬GaCJakNþal¦ EdlKUPaKITaMgsgxageRCIserIs

eLIg ehIy[GMNaceTAPaKITIbIenaHeFVIesckþIseRmcCasßaBrkñúgkic©

RbwgERbgmYyedIm,IedaHRsayCemøáaHenaH.

sn§ankmµ (Mediation) karnaMsRmuHsRmYl KWCaviFImYyénkaredaHRsayCemøaH

enAeRkAtulakar. kñúgviFIenH PaKITIbIGBüaRkit RtUv)ansMu[edIrtYCa

s<anP¢ab;PaKITaMgLay ehIyPaKIGBüaRkitenaHRKan;EtGacbBa©úH

bBa©ÚlPaKITaMgenaH[TTYlRBmdMeNaHRsayb:ueNÑaH.

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Éksareyag

1> GPi)alkic©l¥ sRmab;RkumRbwkSaXMu sgáat;

2> What is Good Governance, United Nation Economic and Social

Commission for Asia and the Pacific

3> ÉksarsRmab;CMnYykñúgvKÁbNþúHbNþalsþIBIkic©karrdæ)al rbs;naykdæan

buKÁlik RksYgmhaépÞ

4> yuT§saRsþctuekaNedIm,IkMeNIn kargar smFm’ nigRbsiT§PaBenA

km<úCadMNak;kalTI 2

5> eKalneya)aysþIBIkarpþl;esvasaFarN³ rbs;RkumRbwkSakMENTRmg;

rdæ)alénraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa

6> c,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgrdæ)alXMu sgáat;

7> c,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgrdæ)alraCFanI extþ Rkug Rsuk xNÐ

8> siT§imnusS³ kRmgÉksarén]bkrN_GgÁkarshRbCaCati

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KaMRTeday

FnaKarBiPBelakraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa

eroberog nigcgRkgeday

RkumKaMRTRkug Rsuk xNÐ RksYgmhaépÞ

Can;TI1énGKarnaykdæanbuKÁlik nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³RksYgmhaépÞ

mhavifIRBHneratþm sgáat;Tenø)asak; xNÐcMkarmn raCFanIPñMeBj

TUrs½BÞ³ 023 726 861/220 935

Email: [email protected], Website: www.owso.gov.kh

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