KENDRIYA VIDYALAYAIFFCO AONLA

THE GREAT

GERMANY

German lyrics Approximate English translation

First stanza

Deutschland, Deutschland über alles,Über alles in der Welt,

Wenn es stets zu Schutz und TrutzeBrüderlich zusammenhält.

Von der Maas bis an die Memel,Von der Etsch bis an den Belt,

|: Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, Über alles in der Welt! :|

Germany, Germany above everything,Above everything in the world,

When, for protection and defense, it alwaystakes a brotherly stand together.From the Meuse to the Memel,

From the Adige to the Belt, |: Germany, Germany above everything,

Above everything in the world! :|

Second stanza

Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue,Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang

Sollen in der Welt behaltenIhren alten schönen Klang,Uns zu edler Tat begeisternUnser ganzes Leben lang.

|: Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang! :|

German women, German loyalty,German wine and German song

Shall retain in the worldTheir old beautiful chime

And inspire us to noble deedsDuring all of our life.

|: German women, German loyalty, German wine and German song! :|

Third stanza(Germany's current National Anthem)

Einigkeit und Recht und FreiheitFür das deutsche Vaterland!Danach lasst uns alle streben

Brüderlich mit Herz und Hand!Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit

Sind des Glückes Unterpfand; |: Blüh' im Glanze dieses Glückes,

Blühe, deutsches Vaterland! :|

Unity and justice and freedomFor the German fatherland!

For these let us all striveBrotherly with heart and hand!Unity and justice and freedom

Are the pledge of fortune; |: Flourish in this fortune's blessing,

Flourish, German fatherland! :|

NATIONAL ANTHEM

Berlin(capital)Berlin  is the capital city of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.3 million people,[1] Berlin is Germany's largest city and is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union.[4] Located in northeastern Germany on the River Spree, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 4½ million residents from over 180 nations.[5][6][7][8] Due to its location in theEuropean Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.[9]

First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–33) and the Third Reich (1933–45).[10] Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world.[11]After World War II, the city, along with the German state, was divided - into East Berlin — capital of the German Democratic Republic, colloquially identified in English as East Germany — and West Berlin, a political exclave (surrounded by the Berlin Wall from 1961 to 1989)[12] and a de facto (although not de jure) state of the Federal Republic of Germany, known colloquially in English as West Germany from 1949 to 1990. Following German reunification in 1990, the city was once more designated as the capital of all Germany.

Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media, and science, hosting 147 foreign embassies.[13][14][15][16][17] Its economy is primarily based on high-tech industries and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations, and convention venues. Berlin also serves as a continental hub for air and rail transport [18][19] and is a popular tourist destination.[20] Significant industries include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, electronics, traffic engineering, and renewable energy.Berlin is home to renowned universities, research institutes, orchestras, museums, and celebrities and is host to many sporting events.[21] Its urban setting and historical legacy have made it a popular location for international film productions.[22] The city is well known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts, public transportation networks, and an extremely high quality of living.[23]

German is the official and predominant spoken language in Germany.[166] It is one of 23 official languages in the European Union, and one of the three working languages of the European Commission.Recognised native minority languages in Germany are Danish, Low German, Sorbian, Romany, andFrisian; they are officially protected by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The most used immigrant languages are Turkish, Kurdish, Polish, the Balkan languages, and Russian. 67% of German citizens claim to be able to communicate in at least one foreign language and 27% in at least two languages other than their own.[166]

Standard German is a West Germanic language and is closely related to and classified alongside English, Low German, Dutch, and the Frisian languages. To a lesser extent, it is also related to theEast (extinct) and North Germanic languages. Most German vocabulary is derived from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.[167] Significant minorities of words are derived from Latin and Greek, with a smaller amount from French and most recently English (known asDenglisch). German is written using the Latin alphabet. German dialects, traditional local varieties traced back to the Germanic tribes, are distinguished from varieties of standard German by their lexicon, phonology, and syntax.[168]

Language

Education

Over 99% of Germans age 15 and above are estimated to be able to read and write.[1]

Responsibility for educational supervision in Germany is primarily organised within the individual federal states. Since the 1960s, a reform movement attempted to unify secondary education in a Gesamtschule(comprehensive school); several West German states later simplified their school system to two or three tiers. A system of apprenticeship called Duale Ausbildung ("dual education") allows pupils invocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run vocational school.[170] This successful model is highly regarded and reproduced all around the world.[171]

The oldest universities of Germany are also among the oldest and best regarded in the world, withHeidelberg University being the oldest (established in 1386 and in continuous operation since then). It is followed by Leipzig University (1409), Rostock University (1419), Greifswald University (1456),Freiburg University (1457), LMU Munich (1472) and the University of Tübingen (1477).

POLITICSGermany is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic. The German political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1949 constitutional document known as the Grundgesetz (Basic Law). Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both chambers of parliament; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity.[65]

-GRUNDGESETZ

The third-highest official and the head of government is the Chancellor, who is appointed by the Bundespräsident after being elected by the Bundestag.[28] The chancellor, currently Angela Merkel, is the head of government and exercisesexecutive power, similar to the role of a Prime Minister in other parliamentary democracies.

The president is the head of state and invested primarily with representative responsibilities and powers. He is elected by the Bundesversammlung (federal convention), an institution consisting of the members of the Bundestag and an equal number of state delegates. The second-highest official in the German order of precedence is the Bundestagspräsident (President of the Bundestag), who is elected by theBundestag and responsible for overseeing the daily sessions of the body.

Christianity is the largest religion in Germany, with around 51.5 million adherents (62.8%) in 2008.[159] Relative to the whole population, 30.0% of Germans are Catholics, 29.9% areProtestants belonging to the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD), and the remaining Christians belong to smaller denominations each with less than 0.5% of the German population.[160]Protestantism is concentrated in the north and east and Roman Catholicism is concentrated in the south and west;[13] 1.6% of the country's overall population declare themselves Orthodox Christians.[159]

The second largest religion is Islam with an estimated 3.8 to 4.3 million adherents (4.6% to 5.2%),[161] followed by Buddhism with 250,000 and Judaism with around 200,000 adherents (0.3%); Hinduism has some 90,000 adherents (0.1%). All other religious communities in Germany have fewer than 50,000 adherents.[162] Of the roughly 4 million Muslims, most are Sunnis andAlevites from Turkey, but there are a small number of Shi'ites and other denominations.[161]German Muslims, a large portion of whom are of Turkish origin, lack full official state recognition of their religious community.[13] Germany has Europe's third largest Jewish population (after France and the United Kingdom).[163] Approximately 50% of the Buddhists in Germany are Asian immigrants.[164]

RELIGION

Infrastructure      The ICE 3 on the Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail lineWith its central position in Europe, Germany is a transport hub. This is reflected in its dense and modern transport networks. The motorway (Autobahn) network ranks as the third-largest worldwide in length and is known for its lack of a general speed limit.[112]

 Germany has established a polycentric network of high-speed trains. The InterCityExpress or ICE network of the Deutsche Bahn serves major German cities as well as destinations in neighbouring countries with speeds up to 300 kph (186 mph).[113]

 The largest German airports are Frankfurt Airportand Munich Airport, both hubs of Lufthansa, while Air Berlin has hubs at Berlin Tegel and Düsseldorf. Other major airports include Berlin Schönefeld, Hamburg, Cologne/Bonn and Leipzig/Halle. Both airports in Berlin will be consolidated at a site adjacent to Berlin Schönefeld, which will become Berlin Brandenburg Airport.[114]

Germany's military, the Bundeswehr, is organised into Heer (Army), Marine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air Force), Bundeswehr Joint Medical Service andStreitkräftebasis (Joint Support Service) branches. The role of the Bundeswehr is described in the Constitution of Germany (Art. 87a) as absolutely defensive only. Its only active role before 1990disaster control). Within the Bundeswehr, it helped after natural disasters b was the Katastropheneinsatz (oth in Germany and abroad. After 1990, the international situation changed from East-West confrontation to one of general uncertainty and instability. Today, after a ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court in 1994 the term "defense" has been defined to not only include protection of the borders of Germany, but also crisis reaction and conflict prevention, or more broadly as guarding the security of Germany anywhere in the world.

MILITARY

Twenty-seven million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue sports individually.[212] Association football is the most popular sport. With more than 6.3 million official members, the German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball-Bund) is the largest sports organisation of its kind worldwide.[212] The Bundesliga, the top league of German football, is the most popular sports league in Germany and attracts the second highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world.The German national football team won the FIFA World Cup in 1954, 1974 and 1990 and theUEFA European Football Championship in 1972, 1980 and 1996. Germany hosted the FIFA World Cup in 1974 and 2006 and the UEFA European Football Championship in 1988. Among the most well-known footballers are Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, Jürgen Klinsmann, Lothar Matthäus, and Oliver Kahn. Other popular spectator sports includehandball, volleyball, basketball, ice hockey, and tennis.[212]

Sports

territory of Germany can be subdivided into two ecoregions: European-Mediterranean montane mixed forests and Northeast-Atlantic shelf marine.sl (34%) .

Plants and animals are those generally common to middle Europe. Beeches, oaks, and other deciduous trees constitute one-third of the forests; conifers are increasing as a result of reforestation. Spruce and fir trees predominate in the upper mountains, while pine and larch are found in sandy soil. There are many species of ferns, flowers, fungi, and mosses. Wild animals include deer, wild boar, mouflon, fox, badger, hare, and small numbers of beavers.[61] The blue cornflower was once a German national symbol.

The Rhine is the longest river in Germany. It is here that the Rhine encounters some of its main tributaries, such as the Neckar, theMain and, later, the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s). Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via the Moselle; smaller rivers drain the Vosges and Jura Mountains uplands. Most of Luxembourg and a very small part of Belgium also drain to the Rhine via the Moselle. As it approaches the Dutch border, the Rhine has an annual mean discharge of 2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s) and an average width of 400 m (1,300 ft).

Famous rhine

NATIONAL BIRD

WHITE STORK is the national bird of germany.The White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. Its plumageis mainly white, with black on its wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average 100–115 cm (39–45 in) from beak tip to end of tail, with a 155–215 cm (61–85 in) wingspan. The two subspecies, which differ slightly in size, breed in Europe (north to Finland), northwestern Africa, southwestern Asia (east to southernKazakhstan) and southern Africa. The White Stork is a long-distance migrant, wintering in Africa from tropical Sub-Saharan Africa to as far south as South Africa, or on the Indian subcontinent. When migrating between Europe and Africa, it avoids crossing theMediterranean Sea and detours via the Levant in the east or the Strait of Gibraltar in the west, because the air thermals on which it depends do not form over water.

The Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis) is a bird of prey. Like all eagles, it is in the family Accipitridae, and is the only member of the genusIctinaetus. They soar over forests in the hilly regions of tropical Asia and hunt mammals and birds, particularly at their nests. They are easily identified by their widely splayed and long primary "fingers", the characteristic silhouette, slow flight and yellow ceres and legs that contrast with their dark feathers

The Black Eagle is a large raptor at about 70–80 cm in length. Adults have all-black plumage, with a yellow bill base (cere) and feet. The wings are long and pinched in at the innermost primaries giving a distinctive shape. The tail shows faint barring and upper tail covers paler. When perched the wing tips reach till or exceed the tail tip. The wings are held in a shallow V (wings just above the horizontal plane) in flight. Seen on hot afternoons, scouring the treetops for a nest to maraud, this bird is easily spotted by its jet black colour, large size, and a 'characteristic' slow flight, sometimes just above the canopy.[8]

Identification

National animal(bundesadler)

Cologne Cathedral (German: Kölner Dom, officially Hohe Domkirche St. Petrus, English: High Cathedral of St. Peter) is a Roman Catholicchurch in Cologne, Germany. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne and the administration of the Archdiocese of Cologne. It is a renowned monument of German Catholicism and Gothic architecture and is a World Heritage Site.[1] It is Germany's most visited landmark, attracting an average of 20,000 people a day.[2]

Construction of Cologne Cathedral commenced in 1248 and was halted in 1473, leaving it unfinished. Work restarted in the 19th century and was completed, to the original plan, in 1880. It is 144.5 metres (474 ft) long, 86.5 m (284 ft) wide and its towers are approximately 157 m (515 ft) tall.[3] The cathedral is the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe and has the second-tallest spires and largest façade of any church in the world. The choir has the largest height to width ratio, 3.6:1, of any medieval church.[4]

Cologne's medieval builders had planned a grand structure to house the reliquary of the Three Kings and fit its role as a place of worship for the Holy Roman Emperor. Despite having been left incomplete during the medieval period, Cologne Cathedral eventually became unified as "a masterpiece of exceptional intrinsic value" and "a powerful testimony to the strength and persistence of Christian belief in medieval and modern Europe".[1]

national monument(cologne cathedral)

SUBMITTED TO:- DEEPAK SINGH SIR

SUBMITTED BY:-ANUSHKA DUBEY

&SANSKRITI

MISHRA

THANKS

THE END