TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERGAKADEMIE FREIBERG Institut für Geologie – Lehrstuhl für Hydrogeologie

Brief account to the geological ones

Mappings and master theses

"Historical national park Troia"

Westanatolien/Turkey

Field work of August July 13th 19th, 2002

Dr. Christian WOLKERSDORFER (TU mining academy Freiberg)

Table of contents Introduction 1 Geological Mapping (part I) 2 Geological Mapping (part II) 4 Hydrogeologic Mapping and processing 5

Introduction Four female students of the TU mining academy Freiberg mapped in the Troas in summer 2002 to grasp the geological hydrogeologic conditions in the environment of the archaeological exca-vations Troia. It was on the one hand aim of the Mappings to determine the geological relation-ships of the Troia back and on the other hand one containing stock on-near in the area "of the historical national park Troia" include by water exit points (sources, fountains). To the support a probe registering automatically was in the Düden spring pot installed, the data of the editors se-lected since the beginning of 2002 and was installed newly. A hydrogeologic model of the "his-torical national park Troia" shall arise from the results of the examinations.

Illus. 1: Situation of the fields of work in the Troas/Turkey. 2001st green edges the limits of the "historical na-tional park Troia" for also the hydrogeologic sam-pling points for the year marked.

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TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERGAKADEMIE FREIBERG Institut für Geologie – Lehrstuhl für Hydrogeologie

Geological Mapping (part I)

candidate geol. Pia LIPPMANN Do mining academy Freiberg

Situation of the mapping area The historical national park Troia is in the northwest of anatolia, about 25 km southwest of the city of Çanakkale. The mapping area "Troia" surrounds an approx. 50 km 2 big area for national parks in this. It contains another five villages next to the archaeological excavations place of the historical settlement Troia: Kalafat, Tevfikiye, Çiplak, Halileli and Gökçali.

Aim position In the context of the archaeological examinations in this area the flow behaviour of the water in underground as well as its qualities shall be examined. Basis for the modelings which is made by Claudia BLUME AND CLAUDIA WEBER is the mapping of the tertiary area in the scale 1:10000. at the photo of the stratigraphic layer consequence among other things aquifers and stevedores were declared for this.

Rocks The geological conditions in the mapping area are, indicated by a quaternary level for only few metres about nns which one himself extends. This level gets geological of Professor Dr. I. Kayan of Izmir university intensively and examines sedimentologically to derive the development of the coastal course from it, for example.

A tertiary plateau rises rises over the quaternary level. It consists of a powerful sequence of sedimentary layers which flatly, collapse approx. 3-10° to SW. A large portion of the rocks is therefore open-minded at a W E painting slope. South of Kalafat the tertiary sequence is covered by quaternary formations.

Sediments of all grain sizes tertiarily were matured in this: clay sands and gravels, silts. This hardened and became rocks so in the course of the time. Within the layers a lateral change of the composition can be watched. Furthermore sedimentological structures which arose during the deposit or slide genesis are found, e.g. Channels, download casts or slumping structures.

Select layers got geological and sampled for sedimentological investigations. Of these tests thin cuttings will permit porosity and with that the suitability as an aquifer or stevedore, made, the among others conclusions on material, curve degree, grain association, partly.

At other tests the grain size distribution from which conclusions are possible on the permeability is found out by filtering. Clay stones are examined in addition for the way of the clay minerals by means of RFA.

Remains of organisms are regularly visible in the rocks. Two stale and snail cases are particu-larly frequent to find. As relatively competent formations stromatolithe horizons can be pursued over large parts of the area. Furthermore you found in an outcrop remains of vegetable organ-isms. After the microscopic examination of the prepared tests statements also can be met about possible micro fossiles.

With the results of the mentioned examination methods the deposit environment of the sediments shall be reconstructed besides the assessment of the groundwater conductivity.

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TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERGAKADEMIE FREIBERG Institut für Geologie – Lehrstuhl für Hydrogeologie

Spring cave ("KASKAL.KUR") In the tertiary layers presumably at the 3rd millennium BC a cave was dug whose archaeological use at present is interpreted as reservoir and collector.

Geological profiles became surroundings of this "spring cave" within and nearby taken. The in-dividual layers which contain different clay stones and sandstones were sampled and also are examined with the methods mentioned above. It is aim of the analyses to check the function of the cave to the water supply and with that its use for the settlers from Troia.

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TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERGAKADEMIE FREIBERG Institut für Geologie – Lehrstuhl für Hydrogeologie

Geological Mapping (part II)

candidate geol. Katrin BERGMANN Do mining academy Freiberg

Situation of the area The mapping area is in the west coast of Turkey in the northwest of Anatolia. The historical na-tional park Troia lies approx. 25 km to the southwest of Çanakkale, in turn the mapping area surrounds an area of about 50 km ² in the north of this park. Starting point of the mapping is the archaeological place Troia. The area is limited by the rivers Dümrek in the north, Skamander in the west/southwest and the Calvert farm in the south. The beginning tertiary basalt occurrences limit the Troia back and the mapping area in the east.

Formulation Aim of the work is it, the geological conditions the neon genes to take sediments between Troia and Gökçali/Turkey exactly.

To this it is necessary to work out a geological detail card 1:10,000 of the area. The upcoming sediments are for the understanding of the hydrogeologic relationships Troias of importance. Together with Claudia WEBER AND CLAUDIA BLUME which hydrogeologically map and model the area such a comprehensive model shall, on the archaeological historical development Troias arise also in regard. The deposits influenced the drinking water supply Troias as an aquifer or stevedore. The sediments had a historical meaning in their use as building material or potter clay.

Rocks In the master thesis shall be described to the neon genes sediments of the Troia highland com-prehensively between Troia and Gökçali mineralogical and sedimentological.

The mapping area can roughly be subdivided into two units: the quaternary washing levels of the rivers Skamander and Dümrek and the Troia back. The former is indicated by an only low eleva-tion about the sea-level and builds up of sands, clays and washing material. There Professor Dr. I Kayan of Izmir university reconstructs the former shoreline and so among other things tries to get conclusions over the port Troias.

The Troia back the archaeological place Troia is located on forms the second unity to be exam-ined. Sedimentologische features this plateau consists of neon genes sediments, which easily collapses to SW and very many different, such as download casts, channels, Rippelstrukturen, dry rips or also Slumping structures point. Tests from the plateau are in the TU mining academy Freiberg at the moment to find the permeability out about the grain size distribution and examine the clay stones for the way of the clay minerals by means of RFA in addition. These have deci-sive effects on the water conductivity of the individual layers.

The prepared tests are examined for micro fossiles, curve degree and delivering area of the sedi-ments in regard. To this fine stratigraphic profiles which make a faciell division of the sediments and their deposit conditions possible after their interpretation were manufactured on the spot.

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TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERGAKADEMIE FREIBERG Institut für Geologie – Lehrstuhl für Hydrogeologie

Hydrogeologic Mapping and processing

candidate geol. Claudia BLUME, candidate geol. Claudia WEBER Do mining academy Freiberg

Examination area Under hydrogeologic points of view area mapped historical in this for one the national park takes an area of approx. 120 km 2 away from Troia. The border of the mapping area runs in the west and southwest along the Karamenderes in the south on height of the villages Pinarbasi and Der-bentbasi. The villages Derbentbasi, Akcesme and Dümrek form the east limit. The area of the coast of the Dardanelles is limited in the north.

Work carried out It was aim of the work to receive a summary of the hydrogeologic and geological conditions. The search for water deposits, both groundwater leavings and surface waters, formed a main emphasis of the examinations. To what the native population was questioned with support by Turkish students available card material was evaluated and a systematic area inspection carried out. These were in front of place parameter temperature, conductivity, TDS, redox potential, pH value and oxygen content measured to 131 water places. These became the springs and this one grasps water-levels into fountains and drillings. Place parameter was carried out the measuring for it in front of during the mapping if possible a second time.

Tests were taken for the regulation of the main ions and trace elements to 44 select measuring places. In addition to the parameters already mentioned the contents of iron, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate and the acid and cousin capacity were determined at these points. A tracertest carried out with NaCl served for the determination of the flow of the Karamenderes.

Planned work Among other things the water tests become analysed with regard to groundwater composition, origin in the laboratory analysed and this one this one water, anthropogenertic judges influencing and usability. The chemical thermodynamic programme PHREEQC arrives at use with which can the balances between rock and water as well as the chemical phases be calculated.

The won data form the basis for a groundwater flow model which shall contribute for the clarifi-cation of the hydraulic conditions in the examination area.

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