Kernenergie van eigen Kweek - KIVI · 1. Structural materials 2. Chemistry of salts 3. Helium...
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10/3/2016 1 1 Kernenergie van eigen Kweek foto A. van der Kooij Jan Leen Kloosterman 2 The atom wikimedia commons, GNU
Transcript of Kernenergie van eigen Kweek - KIVI · 1. Structural materials 2. Chemistry of salts 3. Helium...
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Kernenergie van eigen Kweekfoto A. van der Kooij
Jan Leen Kloosterman
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The atom
wikimedia commons, GNU
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3Chemwiki, CCPL
The nucleus
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Protons
Neutrons
95
94
93
92
91
90
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Americium
Plutonium
Neptunium
Uranium
Protactinium
Thorium
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Protons
Neutrons
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
Americium
Plutonium
Neptunium
Uranium
Protactinium
Thorium
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Nuclear fission
Chemwiki, CCPL
Fission products (radio-active)
Uranium-235
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Production of plutonium
23994 Pu
…
23892 U
Uranium-238 Plutonium-239
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Nuclear fission chain reaction
Chemwiki, CCPL
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Energy from 1 gram U-235Gasoline Coal
2500 liter 3000 kg
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World energy consumption
Country Population(million)
Electricity(kWh/cap)
Energy(Mtoe/cap)
World 6958 2933 1.88
OECD 1241 8226 4.28
China 1351 3312 2.03
Asia 2313 823 0.69
Africa 1045 592 0.67
IEA, Key world energy statistics, 2013, data from 2011
12TVO, Olkiluoto, Finland
Jazz (2050)Energy demand +60%CO2 production +35%Nuclear share 4%
Symphony (2050)Energy demand +27%CO2 production -35%
Nuclear share 11%
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Scenario studies 2050
www.psi.ch/eem/wec-comparison
14https://beeldbank.rws.nl, Rijkswaterstaat / Joop van Houdt, 2012
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Fuel elementFuel pellets Fuel rods
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Nuclear fission with thorium
Chemwiki, CCPL
23392 U
…
23290 Th
Thorium‐232 Uranium‐233
23492 U
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Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)
Primary
Secondary Energy conversion
Cleaning & Make up
Storage
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Protons
Neutrons
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
Americium
Plutonium
Neptunium
Uranium
Thorium
From thorium to uranium-233
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Protons
Neutrons
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
Americium
Plutonium
Neptunium
Uranium
Thorium
From uranium-233 to plutonium
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Heat Transfer Reactor Experiments 1-2 (1956)
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Alvin Weinberg Alvin’s 3P reactor1915-2006 1952
https://www.ornl.gov/content/alvin‐m‐weinberg‐fellowship https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_homogeneous_reactor
wikimedia commons, GNU
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Molten Salt Reactor Experiment 1965-1969
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten‐Salt_Reactor_Experiment
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TU Delft Molten Salt Breeder Reactor
Power density [MW/m3] Salt temperature [K]
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European Molten Salt Fast Reactor
CNRS, Grenoble
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European Molten Salt Fast Reactor
Research in the Netherlands:1. Structural materials2. Chemistry of salts3. Helium bubbling in salts4. Fuel salt properties5. Safety analysis of MSR
In close cooperation with:
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European SAMOFAR projectSafety analysis of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor
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Material studies at TU-Delft
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TU Delft JRC Karlsruhe
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Hoge Flux Reactor Petten
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Conclusions• Thorium-MSR power plant:
– Is safe and sustainable– Produces much less long-lived nuclear waste– Consumes thorium or existing nuclear waste
• Research areas: – Fuel salt chemistry and processing– Corrosion resistance of structural materials– Advanced software and experiments for licensing
