Technical

english

aT WOrk

3rd edition

• ist geeignet für die Fachschule, die innerbetriebliche Weiterbildung und den allgemeinen Englischunterricht mit technischem Schwerpunkt

• aktiviert und schult die Sprechfertigkeit und frischt vor handene Englischkenntnisse auf

• bietet zusätzlich zum Main Course (10 Units) einen Refresher Course (6 Units) zum einfachen Einstieg

• stellt Texte, Aufgaben zur Partner- und Gruppenarbeit sowie Übungen zur Kommunikation, zum Textverständnis und zur Grammatik bereit

• hat einen ausführlichen Anhang einschließlich Begleit grammatik

• ist aktuell, realitätsnah, handlungsorientiert, kommuni kativ – und stets berufsbezogen!

Technical

english

aT WOrk

Tec

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ica

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sh a

T W

Ork

Ç

Leseprobe

vonSteve Williams and Brad Courtney

unter Mitarbeit der Verlagsredaktion

Vorsprung durch Sprachtechnik

Neu: Der UnterrichtsmanagerDas digitale Materialpaket bündelt zusätzliche Inhalte zum Lehrwerk und hilft, den Unterricht multimedial zu gestalten. Es ist zu Hause einsetzbar sowie auch im Kursraum an Whiteboard oder Beamer.

Mit neuem

digitalem

Schwerpunkt

Damit kann man erfolgreich arbeiten: die Neuausgabe des bewährten Lehrwerks die Neuausgabe des bewährten Lehrwerks Technical English at Work für die Fort- und für die Fort- und Technical English at Work für die Fort- und Technical English at WorkWeiterbildung in technischen Berufen.

Die 3rd edition unterstützt eine stärkere Progression von A2 bis B2 und bietet eine Vielzahl von Differenzierungsmaterialien auf verschiedenen Niveaustufen.

Die Pluspunkte der neuen Ausgabe

• Refresher Course auf Niveau A2; Main Course auf Niveau B1, Advanced Material

in jeder Unit (Niveau B1/B2)

• At-Work-Seiten: Situationen im berufl ichen Alltag in der Fremdsprache bewältigen

• Technical-English-Seiten: fachspezifi sche Texte und Aufgaben

• Webcodes – Audio-Dateien und Zusatzmaterialien für alle Lernenden online verfügbar

2

Table of contents

Refresher courseUnit Title Skills Practising grammar Page

A Introductions at work

• Exchanging personal information • Saying and understanding letters and

numbers • Understanding and expressing

mathematical terms and calculations

• Personal pronouns• Possessive pronouns• Short forms• Word order

6

B In the workshop

• Naming common hand and power tools and fasteners

• Explaining what tools are used for • Talking about workshop supplies

• This/that, these/those• Plurals• Some, any

13

C A typical day on the job

• Talking about your daily routine• Filling out a work order form• Making and receiving telephone calls

• Simple present: statements, questions and negatives

20

D An industrial accident

• Explaining safety features of equipment used at work

• Understanding a description of a workplace accident

• Completing a form reporting a workplace accident

• Simple past: statement, negatives and short forms

27

E Finding your way around

• Identifying important features around town

• Understanding directions• Giving directions

• Imperative• Modal auxiliaries

34

F A tour of a factory

• Describing the layout of a factory• Taking clients on a tour of a company

• Adjectives and adverbs• Yes/no and Yes/no and Yes/no wh-questions

41

Main course Unit Title Part A

English at work

Part BTechnical English

Part CPractising grammar

Skills Page

1 On contract abroad

• Meeting a new project team

• Runway construction

• Simple present

• Present progressive

• Question tags• Short answers

• Describing roles and work activities

• Evaluating equipment• Agreeing technical

solutions

48

2 Finding a job abroad

• Looking and applying for a job

• Technical skills and responsbilites

• Simple past• Present

Perfect

• Understanding job advertisements

• Writing a cover letter and CV

• Expressing yourself in a job interview

• Describing technical job skills and responsibilities

58

3 A business trip to Canada

• Travelling for work

• Four-wheel drive

• The future: willgoing toPresent progressiveSimple present

• Understanding travel information and announcements

• Making and changing appointments

• Explaining how a drivetrain works

• Troubleshooting problems on the phone

68

3

Table of contents

Unit Title Part AEnglish at work

Part BTechnical English

Part CPractising grammar

Skills Page

4 Materials, processes and products

• Meeting a customer

• Roofing solutions

• Passive 1:simple present, present progressive

• Comparison of adjectives and adverbs

• Welcoming a visitor• Discussing the pros

and cons of different materials

• Presenting products

78

5 Selecting a supplier

• Meeting a supplier

• Machine elements and parts

• Passive 2:present perfect, past and future

• Emailing a supplier• Emailing a potential

customer• Making and accepting

an offer• Describe machine parts

and elements

88

6 Meeting people from another company

• Formal meetings

• Project management

• Modal verbs and their substitutes

• Clarifying information• Making suggestions• Understanding project

plans

98

7 The connected home

• Working with customers

• Passive houses

• Passive with modals

• Relative clauses

• Contact clauses

• Asking for and confirming customer requirements

• Recommending an option to a customer

• Comparing solution options

108

8 Electric vehicles

• At a trade fair • EV technology • Gerund vs infinitive

• Past progressive

• Giving a technical presentation

• Written mediation• Explaining a German

text to English-speaking colleagues

118

9 Internet security

• Dealing with sensitive situations

• Information privacy

• Reported speech

• Writing and responding to complaints

• Expressing opinions on controversial topics

• Rules and regulations• Making decisions

128

10 Sustainable technology

• A conversa-tion about climate change

• Product life cycle analysis

• Conditional sentences

• Taking part in a discussion

• Describing graphs and charts

• Interpreting in a conversation

138

Partner files 148

Listening transcripts 158Grammar summary 168List of irregular verbs 180Numbers and mathematical terms 181Times and dates 186

Basic word list 187Unit word list 191A-Z word list 211

On contract abroadDRefresher course

S ITUATI O N

On contract abroadDRefresher course

In this unit, you will learn how to:3 explain safety features of equipment used at work3 understand a description of a workplace accident3 complete a form reporting a workplace accident

Frank Richter, an installation technician from Germany, was hurt when he fell off ascaffold tower at Albion Engineering. Production manager Alan Townsend and safety officer Greg Hill discuss the accident.

Explaining safety featuresA Link the sentence parts 1–8 with the sentence parts a–h to make true statements about the

mobile scaffold tower and the surrounding area.

1 The tower supports a platform so that2 Workers get on to the platform by using3 There are guard rails round the platform4 A safety harness fixed to the guard rail5 Long stabilizers at each corner stop 6 The tower is easy to move7 Red cones mark the area around the tower8 Warning signs around the tower also

a a ladder fixed to the side of the tower.b catches the worker if he falls.c on its locking castors at each corner.d people can work safely at a height.e tell other people to be careful.f the tower from swaying (schwingen). g to stop people from coming too close.h to stop workers from falling off it.

B What instructions should a new employee receive before he/she uses a tower like this one? Make notes, then compare ideas with a partner. Report back to the class with your list of instructions.

S ITUATI O N

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guard rail

safety harness

platform

ladder

warning sign

Mobile scaffold towerhard hat

locking castor

stabilizer

cone

D

Finding out what happenedA Listen to the conversation and complete it with words or phrases from the box.

Alan Okay, Greg. It’s about the accident with a scaffold tower in the pre-assembly shop on 21 September. What happened exactly?

Greg Yeah, well, it was about 2.10 p.m., just after the late … 1 started. A … 2 came …Alan Who was the driver?Greg Ali. Ali Hussan. He’s a good man. He’s been with us for over ten years now.Alan Okay. Go on. Greg Well, Ali drove through the swing doors from the parts store into the pre-assembly … 3 and

hit the scaffold tower. Frank fell nine … 4. He was badly hurt. He may never walk again.Alan Yes, but how did it happen, Greg? I’m sorry about the guy’s injuries, of course, but this could

cost the firm millions. The guy may never work again.Greg Yes, but we are insured, aren’t we, Alan?Alan Sure, but only if the accident wasn’t our fault. We guaranteed a “… 5 working environment”,

don’t forget. That’s your job. Greg Yes, it is – and I did it. There was nothing wrong with our … 6 measures, I promise you that.

There were two big … 7 in the parts store and … 8 round the tower. And Ali and the other drivers knew all about it as well. We didn’t miss a thing, Alan.

Alan Okay, I believe you. But the fact is that … what’s his name again?Greg Frank. Frank Richter.Alan Yes, well, this Frank fell nine metres on to a concrete … 9. How was that possible? Did he

have a safety harness?Greg Well, we gave him a safety harness, but … Alan So … no … 10, right? What else?Greg Look, Alan, I don’t want to … Well, I mean the poor guy’s …Alan Get on with it, Greg. For God’s sake …Greg Well, Frank sometimes took short cuts, Alan. Safety costs time and trouble, that’s the

problem. In this case, well, Frank didn’t have a safety harness or a … 11, he took off the top … 12 and the tower castors weren’t locked.

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8WEBCODE

TEAW08 castors 1 floor 1 hard hat 1 safe 1 shift 1 cones 1 forklift 1 hit 1 safety 1 shop 1 fell 1 guard rail 1 metres 1 safety harness 1 warning signs

An industrial accident

Alan I see. So when the forklift truck … 13 the scaffold tower, the tower suddenly moved and Frank … 14, right?

Greg Yes, that’s about it, Alan. Alan Okay, but why did the forklift hit the tower? How did that happen?Greg Well, that really was just bad luck – an accident. Ali thought somebody was about to walk in

front of his forklift. He swerved to the right and hit the tower. He didn’t hit it hard – just kissed it.

Alan I see. Now for the big question Greg. If Frank had locked the … 15, what would have happened then?

Greg Nothing. No accident, no poor Frank.Alan Okay then, Greg. That doesn’t sound too bad. Can you write an accident report for our

insurers and for Frank’s firm, please?Greg Okay. I’ll get on with it at once.

B Decide whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.

1 The forklift came from the parts store into the pre-assembly shop.2 The forklift hit the scaffold tower and Frank fell six metres.3 Frank was not badly hurt in the accident.4 Alan says the accident could cost the firm millions.5 Greg is the firm’s quality manager.6 Frank didn’t have a safety harness on at the time of the accident.7 Frank sometimes took short cuts because safety costs time and trouble.8 The driver swerved to the left and hit the tower.

C Copy and complete the sketch showing where and how the accident happened.

Parts store Goods arrive

Pre-assembly shop

Scaffold tower

D

Deciding who was at faultWork with a partner. Report back to the class with your decisions, giving reasons.

1 Were the company’s safety measures good enough?2 Were these people at fault?

a Greg Hillb Frank Richterc Ali Hussan

Completing a reportCopy and complete this extract from the accident report.

Reporting an accidentThe next week there is another accident in the pre-assembly shop. This time Ali Hussan the forklift driver is the victim. Alan phones Greg for more information.

A Listen to the conversation. What part did these things play in the accident?

B Listen again. Make notes about the details of the accident, then write a report like the one in exercise 4.

An industrial accident

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Accident report

Place Albion Engineering Park Street works, …

Time/Date …

People involved Frank Richter, installation technician, MAG Fördertechnik, Essen, Germany…

Safety measures Scaffold tower with stabilizers…

Description Ali Hussan drove a forklift truck through the swing doors between the parts store and …Ali Hussan drove a forklift truck through the swing doors between the parts store and …Ali Hussan drove a forklift truck through the swing doors between the parts

555

9WEBCODE

TEAW09

hydraulic lifter trolley

puddle of oil

conecanteen

An industrial accident

ADVANCED MediationSie wissen, dass einige Ihrer Klassenkameraden/-innen in Großbritannien arbeiten wollen. Sie wollen sie anhand des folgenden Artikels über britische Versicherungsverhältnisse informieren. Entnehmen Sie dem Artikel die relevanten Informationen und vermitteln Sie sie der Klasse auf Deutsch.

•Versicherungspflichten des Betriebs•Private Unfall- und Krankenversicherung•Wie man Schadenersatzansprüche geltend macht•Warum es wichtig ist, Schadenersatz in Anspruch zu nehmen

Übersetzen Sie nicht wortwörtlich. Lesen Sie Ihre Zusammenfassung der Klasse vor.

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KMK

Workplace insurance – what employees need to know

An injury at work is one of the most common types of accident in the UK. Fortunately, most workplace injuries are minor. However, some are very serious and result in permanent disability and a large loss of income. In either case, if you believe that your employer might be responsible for your injuries, you should make a compensation claim.

Worker compensation insuranceMany employers would not be able to pay a large claim, which might be thousands or even millions of pounds. To avoid this situation, your employer must have an insurance policy which will cover your compensation claim if you are injured in the workplace. This is a requirement under UK law. Your employer must display a current insurance certificate where employees can easily read it. This type of insurance is called “worker compensation insurance”.

Accident sickness insuranceThis is a private insurance policy that you can take out as an employee. It will make payments if you have to take time off work or you lose your job as a result of an accident or sickness.

It covers you for events which are not covered by worker compensation insurance – for example, accidents which are not the fault of your employer.

What to do if you need to make a claimIf you are injured in an accident at work, and you feel that the accident was not your fault, you should consider making a compensation claim against your employer. Discuss this with a solicitor before you make a claim.

The company will pass the claim on to its insurance company. The insurance company will investigate your accident and pay compensation if it is satisfied that your employer was responsible for your injuries.

Reasons for making a compensation claimWhen an accident occurs at work, the victim often does not want to make a compensation claim because he or she does not want to get a reputation as a “trouble maker”. However, there are important reasons why you should make a claim.

Firstly, it is in your own interest. Even minor injuries may have more serious consequences in the longer term. You and your family have a right to compensation for any loss of income that results from your accident.

Secondly, it is in the interest of all your colleagues. Your employer may have to report the accident to the Health and Safety Executive, who will ensure that any dangers are removed. Your employer’s insurance company will also want to know that the dangers that caused your accident have been removed.

Remember: your injury might be small, but a colleague’s injury could be much worse. You are not a “trouble maker” if you make a compensation claim against your employer: you are a responsible employee and colleague.

(465 words)

D

Das simple past

Work in pairs. Look at Nick’s work report and tell your partner what Nick did last Wednesday. Swap roles at least once. Use the simple past.

1 Nick checked requests for maintenance work at 6.00.2 At 6.30 he …

Form

Beispiele Regeldarstellung

The tower suddenly moved.

Ali drove through the swing doors.

Regelmäßige Verben: Anhängen von -ed an den Infinitiv.-ed an den Infinitiv.-edUnregelmäßige Verben: Sonderform, die man sich merken muss, s. Unregelmäßige Verben, S. 180.

We did not/didn’t miss a thing.Frank did not/didn’t have a hard hat.

Verneinung: Man benutzt did not/didn’t + Infinitivdid not/didn’t + Infinitivdid not/didn’t mit allen Personen.

Did Frank have a safety harness? Fragen: Gibt es kein Hilfsverb im Satz, benutzt man ebenfalls did.

Who hit the scaffold tower?What happened exactly?

Ist who oder who oder who what das what das what Subjekt, bildet man die Frage ohne Hilfsverb.

Gebrauch

Beispiele Regeldarstellung

When the forklift truck hit the scaffold tower yesterday, the tower moved and Frank fell nine metres.

Man benutzt diese Zeitform, um völlig abgeschlosseneSituationen oder Handlungen in der Vergangenheit zu schildern.

Das simple past steht häufig mit den folgenden Zeitangaben:•yesterday, the day before yesterday (vorgestern) yesterday, the day before yesterday (vorgestern) yesterday, the day before yesterday• last night/month/summer/July/Easter/…•two/three/… minutes/hours/weeks/years agotwo/three/… minutes/hours/weeks/years agotwo/three/… minutes/hours/weeks/years• in 2001/…• in those days/…, when she was a girl, when he worked in New York, …

111

Albion Engineering Limited – Maintenance Department job sheet

Name: Nick Kelly Date: 10 May 20..

Please fill in jobs etc. to nearest half hour.

6.00 check requests for maintenance work 6.30 go to Greg Hill’s office to repair

window7.00 change light bulb, canteen7.30 clean filters, extractor fans 8.00 –8.30 –

9.00 repair swing door, pre-assembly shop9.30 install new motor, parts store conveyor10.00 fetch forklift truck for servicing11.00 inspect all fire extinguishers 12.00 write memo about servicing office

machines 12.30 phone Carr & Co. about spare parts

Grammatikübersicht und Übungsteil

Complete the sentences. Use the short form of the simple past.

1 Unfortunately, Frank didn’t wear a safety harness or hard hat.didn’t wear a safety harness or hard hat.didn’t wear2 He … (not lock) the castors because he wanted to save time.3 He … (not want) to climb down all the time to move the tower.4 Ali’s forklift truck … (not hit) the tower very hard.5 Greg and his men … (not forget) any safety measures.6 Alan and Greg … (not think) the accident was their fault.7 Alan: Our insurers … (not pay) Frank any money because he … (not obey) the safety rules.8 Ali … (not drive) too fast. He’s always very careful.9 Greg: We … (not give) Frank safety equipment just for fun, you know.

10 Greg … (not write) the report. His assistant did.

You are asking Ali about his accident. Use the key words to ask questions in the simple past.

1 what time / you / leave / parts store?What time did you leave the parts store?Ali: I left the parts store at a quarter past twelve.

2 where / you / go / then ?Ali: I took a short cut to the canteen through pre-assembly.

3 why / you / take / short cut ?Ali: I took a short cut because I was in a hurry.

4 how / you / fall over ?Ali: I slipped in a puddle of oil.

5 where / be / puddle ?Ali: It was on the floor in pre-assembly.

6 you / hurt / yourself ?Ali: Yes, I hit my head on the floor when I fell.

7 why / you / not / see / oil ?Ali: I was thinking about lunch. I was hungry!

8 you / see / doctor ?Ali: Yes, Greg took me to the hospital emergency department.

9 what / doctor / say ?Ali: She said that I had slight concussion.

10 she / tell / you / to take time off work ?Ali: Yes, she told me to take three days off.

You are interviewing Sam Winters, who saw the accident involving Frank Richter. Your partner is Sam. Use the German prompts to ask and answer questions about the accident. Swap roles at least once. Use the simple past.

Sie möchten wissen …1 … wer für die Arbeitssicherheit die Verantwortung trug (be in charge of).be in charge of).be in charge of

A Who was in charge of job safety?B Greg Hill.

2 … wann und wo der Unfall passiert ist.3 … wie viele Männer auf dem Turm waren.4 … warum Ali nach rechts ausgeschwenkt ist.5 … wie tief (far) Frank gefallen ist.6 … welche Sicherheitsmaßnahmen es gab.7 … ob Frank eine Sicherheitsausrüstung trug.8 … wer für den Unfall verantwortlich war.

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333

444

1

On contract abroad1Main course

In this unit, you will learn how to:3 outline work responsibilities and roles (Part A)3 report your current work activities (Part A)3 evaluate the suitability of equipment (Part B)3 agree solutions to technical problems (Part B)

Part APart APart A Meeting a new project team

Andreas Kerschner is a construction technician (Bautechniker) from Augsburg. His special field Bautechniker) from Augsburg. His special field Bautechnikeris civil engineering and earthworks (Tief- und Tief- und Tief Erdbau). Andreas has flown to Dubai to do contract work on a very large project: the construction of a new airport at Umm Al Quwain in the United Arab Emirates.

Warm up: working abroadDiscuss these questions with a partner. Then report back to the class.

•Do you want to travel abroad for work? If so, where do you want to go?

•Would you work on a big project like the one in the press release? Why (not)?

•What trades and technical professions are needed on this project? Think of as many as you can.

S ITUATI O N

111Unzählbare Nomen

• plant (Baumaschinen), equipment (Geräte): Construction work involves heavy plantand equipment.

• Braucht man ein zählbares Nomen, soverwendet man piece(s) of : This excavator is a heavy piece of plant.of plant.of

Press Release Oryx Construction plc

Project: Arabian Sands Cargo Airport, Umm Al Quwain – Phase 1Client: Government of United Arab Emirates, Department of Civil AviationCompletion date: 2025

UAE Airlines has contracted Oryx Construction to build the first phase of the Arabian Sands Cargo Airport.

Oryx Construction is pleased to announce its leading role in an important new project, the Arabian Sands Cargo Airport at Umm Al Quwain on the Arabian Gulf.

Arabian Sands will have two 4.5 km runways, enabling the world’s largest cargo aircraft to fly in and out of Umm Al Quwain 24/7.

The airport will serve 200 destinations across 6 continents.

Phase 1 of the project includes the construction of the terminal building and North Runway. It will employ over 2,500 workers and 1,200 pieces of plant and equipment. The runway construction alone requires 1 million tonnes of asphalt and 800,000 tonnes of wet mix concrete, 2,500km of cables and 12,000 LED lights.

On contract abroad

Understanding job descriptionsand rolesWhen Andreas arrives at the construction site, the Site Manager gives him an organization chart and asks him to attend a briefing session in the site canteen later than afternoon.

A Find the job titles in the organization chart.

1 This person is in charge of recruiting new employees and training existing ones.

2 This person is in charge of the company’s finances. His or her responsibilities include keeping financial records and paying employees.

3 This person is responsible for providing a safe and healthy working environment.4 This person supervises all of the workers on the construction site.5 This is a separate company which supplies technicians to do electrical work on site.6 This person manages all the operations of the company. All of the managers report to him or her.

222

Managing Director

Financial Controller

Electrical Subcontractor

Site Surveyor

Site Manager

Plant Subcontractor

Safety Officer

Sales Manager

Excavations Foreman

drilling and blasting crew

excavating and grading crew

Site Engineer

HR Manager

Paving Foreman

concreting crew

asphalting crew

Field Supervisor

= head office job

= site employee

= subcontractors

Lines of authority and communication

… supervises/manages … s… supports/assists … i… reports to … i… liaises with … fp

1

B Andreas nimmt am Briefing teil. Er macht sich Notizen über die Rollen des Schlüsselpersonals auf der Baustelle. Hören Sie zu und notieren Sie die Aussagen von Steve Walsh, Susan Meyer und Vijay Shetty in englischer Sprache.

Understanding a progress updateSusan Meyer briefs Andreas on current site operations.

A Listen to the conversation and make notes for Andreas about the following subjects.

1 Susan’s role2 Andreas’ role3 Current activities on site4 Plant

B Compare answers with a partner, then listen again to check.

Describing your role and current activitiesLater that day, Andreas meets the Site Surveyor and the Safety Officer. Work with a partner.

Partner A: Turn to file 9 on page 153.Partner B: Turn to file 1 on page 148.

ADVANCED Opportunities abroadResearch job opportunities working on big infrastructure projects abroad. You can use search terms such as “international construction”, “infrastructure megaproject” and “job opportunities abroad”.

Prepare and deliver a short presentation about your favourite project. Include the following information:

• location• type of project•main trades required•working conditions (climate, etc.)•earning potential for qualified

KMK

14WEBCODE

TEAW14

Steve Walsh

Job title

Duties

Liaises with

Steve Walsh

Susan Meyer

Vijay Shetty

333

15WEBCODE

TEAW15

444

666

KMK

On contract abroad

Part BPart BPart B Runway construction

Construction plantA Match the names (a–i) and descriptions (A–I) to the photos.

B As a site manager, you do not want to waste money by hiring plant before it is needed. In what order would you hire this plant to build a runway?

Machinea excavatorb wheel loaderc dozerd dump trucke mixer truckf graderg paverh drum compactori backhoe

DescriptionA This vehicle delivers large quantities of wet concrete ready to pour. The

concrete is contained in a revolving drum.B It has a long arm with a bucket on the end for digging holes and moving

material. The driver sits in a cab on a rotating platform.C This slow and powerful earthmover has a wide flat blade at the front. It

can shift large amounts of material and form level surfaces.D This fast earthmover has a wide bucket at the front. It can load loose

materials onto another piece of machinery for transporting.E It transports large amounts of loose material long distances. It has an open

box bed on a truck body. The front of the bed can lift up so that the load falls out of the back.

F This is an all-purpose machine for light earthmoving. It usually has a bucket at the front and a digging arm at the back.

G It has a long, flat blade underneath. It is used to prepare a smooth, flat surface to build a road on.

H This vehicle has heavy cylindrical steel wheels. It uses its weight to form smooth, hard surfaces.

I This piece of equipment spreads asphalt or concrete to form a road or other surface suitable for vehicles to drive on.

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1

4

7

2

5

8

3

6

9

1

An equipment specThe plant subcontractor, Faisal, has suggested that his fleet of CAT® heavy excavators is suitable for use on the site. The Site Engineer, Susan Meyer, asks Andreas for his opinion.

A Read the review and explain why the excavators are suitable for the following conditions on site. Give evidence from the text.

1 Hot, dusty conditions mean that plant operators get tired quickly and need frequent breaks.2 The large, multinational workforce at Arabian Sands includes German, Arabic, Urdu and Tagalog

speakers. Not all of them speak English well.3 The excavators have to be transported to the site by sea and road under difficult conditions.4 The site is rocky and the work is hard, leading to many mechanical failures.

B Susan has given Andreas a list of requirements for plant. Andreas phones Faisal to check that the specs (specifications) for his excavators meet the requirements. Work with a partner.

Partner A: Turn to file 3 on page 149.Partner B: Turn to file 14 on page 154.

222

THANKS TO AN ENGINE UPGRADE, Caterpillar’s heavy excavators have even more power and lower fuel consumption than previous models.

The frame is strong and durable to handle tough working conditions. The undercarriage is adjustable – wide for a stable working base, and narrow to reduce the width for transport. It is easy and quick to remove the counterweight for transport.

Increased glass area in the cab gives the operator a good view. The new monitor has a large, high-resolution screen and a simple, easy-to-use interface. The monitor is programmable in 42 languages and gives detailed machine operating data as well as a clear image from the rearview camera.

Special sealing and insulation keep the operator‘s environment clean, comfortable and quiet. A climate control system includes air conditioning and filtered

Construction Plant Review

Caterpillar 390F, 374F Excavators

control system includes air conditioning and filtered air ventilation.

On contract abroad

Runway constructionA Read the text text about runway construction. Decide whether the statements below are

true or false. Support your answers with information from the text.

1 Aircraft only land at Dubai International during daylight hours and good weather.

2 Airport runways should be as smooth as possible.3 Concrete runways are less flexible than asphalt

runways.4 Fuel spills can be a big problem on asphalt runways.5 Runways are the only hard surfaces at an airport.6 It may be economical to build a cheap runway and

repair it often.

333

asphalt concrete

basecourse

asphaltic concrete (AC)(flexible) pavement structure

Pavement centreline

Portland cement concrete (PCC)(rigid) pavement structure

fine aggregate

coarse aggregate

native soil

subbasecourse

subgrade drainage pipe

graded area

paved shoulder

Runway cross-section showing two different construction methods

Airport runways – built toughDubai International’s North and South Runways are over four kilometres long and 60 metres wide. They have to do their job 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 52 weeks a year, in all weather and in temperatures ranging from 5–50˚C. At busy times, an aircraft lands or takes off every three minutes. Each time an Airbus 380 lands, the lives of up to 860 passengers and crew depend on the runway.

Fortunately, Dubai’s runways, like all airport runways, have a strong and durable construction. The average airport runway is more than a metre thick and it has layers of different materials: coarse aggregate on the native soil layer, then fine aggregate, then a surface layer. The surface has grooves for maximum friction.

There are two types of runway: flexible and rigid. In flexible runways the top layer is asphalt, whereas in rigid runways the top layer is concrete. Both designs have their advantages and disadvantages.

Asphalt is relatively cheap. It is a mixture of bitumen and gravel. As a runway surface, it does

not last long but it is easy to repair. The material is very easy to recycle and reuse. However, hydrocarbons (e.g. aviation fuel) can penetrate asphalt and weaken it.

Concrete is expensive, strong, long-lasting and oil and fuel do not damage it. However, concrete surfaces are difficult to repair.

As well as runways, an international airport has tens of kilometres of taxiways. These take the aircraft from the terminals to the runways. There are wide aprons outside the terminals, where the aircraft park for unloading, servicing, refuelling and loading.

The choice of materials for runway construction directly affects airport charges and ticket costs. Low material cost leads to high maintenance cost, but it may be worth it, because the amount of material is very large. An airport runway needs several million tonnes of aggregate and surface material.

(313 words)

1

B Work in a group of six to eight students. Split your group into two teams. You are going to plan the runway construction for a regional airport.

Team A You are the clients. Turn to file 6 on page 150.Team B You are the engineers. Turn to file 17 on page 156.

ADVANCED ConcreteYou are a civil engineering consultant. Oryx Construction has contacted you about the possibility of using post-tensioned concrete for runway construction. Read the text below, then complete the tasks.

1 Explain to the site management team (the rest of the class) what post-tensioned concrete is.2 Give your opinion about its suitability for runway construction.

444

Post-tensioned concreteConcrete is an aggregate (a mass of small particles, e.g. pieces of stone) in a matrix of cement and sand. In many ways it is the perfect building material: it is easy to transport the dry ingredients to the construction site, and when water is added, the concrete can be poured like a liquid, to create almost any shape. When cured, concrete is as strong as stone.

Unfortunately, concrete is not quite perfect: it is very strong in compression, but weak in tension. This means that it may break when it has to bear repeated heavy bending loads. Think of a road bridge, for example, where passing vehicles produce thousands of tonnes of constantly changing load.

The traditional way to overcome this weakness is to reinforce the concrete with a grid of steel bars, which construction workers put in place before they pour the concrete. This steel, being flexible, gives the concrete greater tensile strength, helping it to resist bending loads.

However, ordinary reinforced concrete has its limitations. When the tensile stress is heavy or frequent enough, reinforced concrete can still distort and crack. The reinforcement rods can break out of the concrete and it will fail.

Where concrete is a vital load-bearing element, such as in floors, pillars or bridges, engineers pre-stress concrete to overcome its natural weakness. Steel cables or rods pull the concrete together, putting it under compression. This squeezes the particles within the concrete together and increases the friction between them, making it more difficult for the matrix to break apart.

One pre-stressing method is called post-tensioning. Workers position plastic, steel or aluminium ducts and push steel cables (called tendons) through them. Then they pour concrete around the ducts to make the required shape. They attach metal fittings called anchors to each end of the steel: these will attach the steel firmly to the outer edges of the concrete when it has hardened.

After the concrete has hardened, powerful hydraulic jacks pull the tendons to stretch them. For example, in a typical house construction slab, specialized construction technicians use 15 tonnes of load to stretch 12.5-millimetre-diameter, 30-metre long tendons by 20 centimetres. They cut the ends off and fill the ducts with cement.

You may wonder why post-tensioning is a kind of pre-stressing. This is because the tension is applied to the steel after the concrete has been poured, but before service loads (the loads that the concrete has to bear in its normal life) are applied.

Post-tensioned concrete structures can be thinner and lighter than traditional reinforced concrete. This greatly reduces the amount of material that is needed.

(441 words)

On contract abroad

Part CPart CPart C Practising grammarPut the verbs into the simple present. Be careful about negative statements and questions.

1 Steve Walsh … (plan) the operations on site and … (draw) up schedules.

2 Asphalt runways … (not cost) as much to build as concrete runways, but they … (not last) as long.

3 Concrete runways … (be) more expensive to build, and they … (not be) as easy to repair.

4 The Belarusian company Belaz … (make) the world’s biggest dump truck. It … (have) a capacity of 496 tonnes.

5 How many employees … (Oryx Construction + have)?6 … (you + think) that Dubai is a good place to work?

Use the ideas below to say what you normally/often/sometimes/rarely/never do in your job.never do in your job.never

Put the verbs into the present progressive. Be careful about negative statements and questions.

1 Oryx Construction … (hire) construction workers at the moment.

2 I … (look for) a job in UAE but I … (also + apply for) jobs in Germany.

3 Steve and Farid aren’t here at the moment. They … (take) the new construction technicians on a tour of the site.

4 Jemma … (not work) on site right now. She … (spend) a few weeks at head office. 5 How many excavators … (work) on site at the moment?6 … (Vijay + oversee) a delivery of concrete today?7 … (Susan and Andreas + negotiate) with the plant subcontractor?8 Why … (the paving crews + not meet) their deadlines?

Simple present

p Begleitgrammatik, Abschnitt 1, Seite 168

I operate an excavator.Susan solves technical problems.I don’t supervise colleagues.Does Farid set out the site?

111

Adverbien

p Begleitgrammatik, Abschnitt 2, Seite 169

I normally operate heavy machinery.I rarely meet customers.

Kurze Adverbien der Häufigkeit wie normally, often, sometimes, rarely, neverusw. stehen unmittelbar vor dem Vollverb.

222

analyse data

attend meetings

check calculations

supervise colleagues

write reports

service machinery

repair machinery

operate machinery

order materials

meet customers

install softwarefind faults

333Present progressive

p Begleitgrammatik, Abschnitt 3, Seite 169

I’m checking these plans at the moment.The crew is waiting to start work.We aren’t clearing the site yet.Are they complaining again?

1

What is happening on site today? Write sentences in the present progressive.

1 survey team / set out / site2 the Site Engineer / check / drawings3 two dozers / level / site4 mixer trucks / deliver / wet concrete5 an excavator / load / a dump truck6 the Safety Reps / hold / a meeting7 the Site Manager / update / the clients8 more workers / arrive / on the site

Andreas’ girlfriend, Emma, is English. She phones him to find out how he is getting on. Complete their conversation with the most suitable forms (simple present or present progressive) of the verbs in brackets.

Emma … so, how (everything / go)1? (you / work)2 hard?Andreas Yes, I (work)3 very hard at the moment.Emma What (you / do)4 today?Andreas Right now I (look)5 at the specs for some excavators. Susan (want)6 me to draw up a list of

questions for the plant suppliers.Emma Susan? Who’s Susan?Andreas Susan’s my boss. She’s the Site Engineer.Emma I see … What (do / a site engineer)7?Andreas A site engineer (check)8 site drawings and quantities of materials. He or she (give)9

technical advice and (solve)10 technical problems on site.Emma That (sound)11 like an important job. Well, I’m pleased to hear that some women (work)12

in senior roles in construction …

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1 2 3

4 5

7 8

6

555

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Unterrichts- auf DVD-ROM

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On contract abroad

Complete the sentences with the missing question tags.

1 Oryx Construction is a British company, … ?2 Most of its clients are in UAE, … ?3 Oryx mostly takes on big construction jobs, … ?4 Its workers come from many different countries, … ?5 Andreas doesn’t have much construction experience, … ?6 Some of the workers don’t speak English, … ?7 It isn’t easy working in the desert, … ?8 On the other hand, the pay and accommodation aren’t bad, … ?

What are the short answers? Give a positive and a negative answer to each question.

1 Is Oryx looking for more construction workers?2 Do many construction workers want to work for Oryx?3 Does Andreas want a permanent job with Oryx?4 Do all Middle Eastern countries offer safe working conditions?5 Are Abu Dhabi and Dubai the best places to work in the Middle East?6 Is it expensive to live in UAE? 7 Can qualified technicians get work there easily?8 Can an Airbus A380 land on this runway?

666

Frageanhängsel p Begleitgrammatik, Abschnitt 4, Seite 170

Aussage +/– Frageanhängsel +/–I’m not late for the meeting, – am I? +You aren’t working on contract, – are you? +Faisal isn’t a supervisor, – is he? +Susan doesn’t speak Arabic, – does she? +I’m driving the dozer today, + aren’t I? –We’re complying with safety rules, + aren’t we? –It’s your first time in UAE, + isn’t it? –You know the way to the canteen, + don’t you? –

777

Kurzantworten p Begleitgrammatik, Abschnitt 5, Seite 170

Frage Kurzantwortbejaht verneint

Do you want to work in UAE? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.Does Vijay speak Urdu? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.Are you a construction technician? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.Are they drilling and blasting today? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.Can I smoke in the canteen? Yes, you can. No, you can’t.

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