Technologien zur Erreichung der CO2 Technologies to ... SSM-Tagung 2012... · Combinations of...

1 GS/ESC2 | 27.09.2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. Alle Rechte vorbehalten, auch bzgl. jeder Verfügung, Verwertung, Reproduktion, Bearbeitung, Weitergabe sowie für den Fall von Schutzrechtsanmeldungen.

Technologien zur Erreichung der CO2-Ziele

Gasoline Systems

Technologien zur Erreichung der CO2 – Grenzwerte bei Pkw

Technologies to achieve the CO2-targets for passenger cars

Martin Rauscher


Technologies to achieve the CO2-targets for PC

Gasoline Systems

AgendaMarket drivers for future vehicle developments

CO2 – emissions legislation

Status

CO2 emissions of vehicles sold in Europe

Technology trends

Potentials of powertrain measures

Engine measures

Start stop coasting

E-mobility

Combinations of different measures

Summary

3

Major market drivers for powertrain improvement

GS/ESC2 | 27.09.2012 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2012. Alle Rechte vorbehalten, auch bzgl. jeder Verfügung, Verwertung, Reproduktion, Bearbeitung, Weitergabe sowie für den Fall von Schutzrechtsanmeldungen.


Gasoline Systems

Driving comfort Noise, vibration, harshness Shift- & launch quality Easy driving

Image & Emotions Fuel Economy Labeling Willingness to pay

for green image and emotions

Variants Globalization Powertrain & vehicle

diversification Fuel differences

Quality and Safety Reliability, Robustness ISO26262

City Restrictions Ban on driving Specific traffic lane, parking

Costs Affordable mobility (price, TCO) OEM entry efforts (invest, E&A) Incentives and taxation

Fuel Economy / CO2 CO2 fleet targets

W-EU: 130/95g CO2/kmUS CAFE: 34,1 mpg in 2016

Fuel availability (“Peak Oil”)

Fun to Drive Power and low end torque Response time (dynamics)

Emissions & Diagnosis EU6 (PM/PN, ext. EOBD) LEV III (SULEV20, PM) Worldwide Driving Cycle Real Driving Emissions



Gasoline Systems

Development CO2 Fleet Targets

0

50

100

150

200

250

2010 2015 2020

EU US CAFÉ Japan China Korea

CAFE LT/MDV

CAFE PC

CO2g/kml/100

km

8,67,5

6,45,7

4,33,8

2,11,9

CAFE = Corporate Average Fuel Economy PC = Pass. Cars LT / LDT = Light Trucks (pick-ups, vans, SUVs) MD(P)V = Medium Duty (Pass.) Vehicles LCV Light Commercial Vehicles

gasoline(diesel)

130

175EU LCV

EU PC

95

147

114 / 116

proposed

183 166

119

146166

192

217

229mpg

22,324,9

36,541,6

54,862,3

110125

5

Overview GS engine measures for efficiency



Gasoline Systems

ICE PTEfficiency

Lean Burn(lambda >1 combustion, EGR)

De-throttling

Extreme Downsizing(downsizing to 1.1L)

eDZ

Cylinder Deactivationhalf engine operation w/ switching

CDA

LB

BestEfficiencyOperation

Optimized Combustion(charge motion, )

ICE Friction Reduction(electric auxiliaries & extr. mech. friction)

OC

FR

ICEOperation

points

Downspeeding(gear ratios, shifting, n_max)

Start/Stop(no idle operation in stand-still)

Start/Stop Coasting

DoSp

SSC

S/S

EnergyRecuperation

Electric Recuperation(for example w/ 48V BRS)

ReCu

6

Europe: Overview Vehicle CO2 emissions



Gasoline Systems

CO

2em

issi

on [g

/km

]

Curb weight [kg]

Diesel SIHybridBest in Class SI

95 gCO2/km

130 gCO2/km

Quelle: DAT CO2Leitfaden

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

250

230

210

190

170

150

130

110

90

70

50

7

Europe: Cars with low CO2 emissions



Gasoline Systems

DS

/MK

S 1

200

13 R

2

CO

2em

issi

on [g

/km

]

Curb weight [kg]

SIBest in Class SI

Quelle: DAT CO2Leitfaden

1200 1400 1600

250

230

210

190

170

150

130

110

90

70

501.0l DI T/C, 74 KW, 109 gCO2/kmwith extreme Downsizing

1.4l DI T/C, 90 KW, 120 gCO2/kmwith Cylinder Deactivation

Technologies:

Start/Stop 12 of 12 Controlled Auxiliary 12 of 12Friction reduction 12 of 12Downsizing / TC 11 of 12 VVT 11 of 12Downspeeding 10 of 12Direct Injection 9 of 12VVL 3 of 12

Best in Class

8

FE for Compact Class vehicle *



Gasoline Systems

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

95

1: Further Downspeeding:adaption of final drive (20%) improved boosting system

2: Optimized Combustion:reduction of unburned fuel +2 units (const. knock)

3: Red. of throttling lossesred. by 70%: stratified and/or lean burn, ideal exhaust after-treatment

4: Engine friction reduction

OC

FR

DoSp

eDZ

LB

CO

2 g/

km

Base Down-speeding

Optimizedcombustion

De-throttlinglean-burn

frictionreduction

WLTC

NEDC

ASSUMPTIONS

DoSp

OC

LB

FR

I4, 1

.4 l,

DI /

TC

, 100

kW

I3, 1

.1 l,

DI /

TC

, 100

kW

*) 1400 kg, MT



Gasoline Systems

Evolution of Start/StopIn

nova

tion

line

Time line

Start/Stop Coasting~120 km/h

CO2 targets 2012 CO2 targets 2015ff CO2 targets beyond 2015ff

Advanced Start/Stop, Stop-in-Gear

Start/Stop &Start/Stop Eco

~0 km/h

10 – 20 km/h

24

6

x 1000 / min00040

80 120

160

200km/h000

AStart

Stop

AStart

Stop24

6

x 1000 / min

40

80 120

160

200km/h000 202020

AStart

Stop24

6

x 1000 / min

40

80

160

200km/h

120120120

000Coasting

10

„Start/Stop Coasting“ (SSC): Overview



Gasoline Systems

Start/Stop Coasting

veh.

spe

ed

fuel cut off

rolling distance

effect: reduced drag torque

drivetrain open & engine off

starter system

starter cycles, CoM ability, start time, NVH pinion starter & clutch start OR advanced starter systems/BRS (up to 600k starts)

power net

cyclic load & redundancy (~37% engine-off time in comparison to ~10% with Start/Stop) two energy sources (e.g. 2 batt.-PN)

transmission

DCT - dry, AMT AT, CVT,

DCT - wetnone advanced hydr. system,

el. oil pump, …

steering

electrification: el./el.-hydr. power steeringbase in most vehicles

syst

emre

quir

emen

tssy

stem

requ

irem

ents

G SVVC

engine trans-mission

Coasting

increasedrolling distanceincreasedrolling distance

11

CO2 benefit



Gasoline Systems

WLTC (V4)21% SSC share

official test cycle

≥2014…2020

base: 6.36 l/100km

FTP7520% SSC share

official test cyclesTODAY

base: 6.21 l/100km

7%7%

5%5%6%6%

up to 8%up to 8%

2%2%

NEDCno Coasting

base: 6.18 l/100km

4%4%

up to 9%up to 9%

New legisla-tion

New legisla-tion

base: Compact Class, 1.4L DI-TC gasoline, 7-gear DCT (dry, el-hydr), w/o St/St, w/ intelligent generator control, Power net: Pel=300W

~0%Start/Stop

normal27% SSC share

real-life cycle(Stuttgart cycle)

base: 6.62 l/100km

up to

10%up to

10%

4%4%

up to 8%(heavy traffic)

max. eco.47% SSC share

4%4%

up to 8%(heavy traffic)~2%~2%

SSC

IDC~3%~3%

up to

~22%up to

~22%

SSC

SSC

IDC

SSC

IDC

up to

~9%up to

~9%SSC IDCCoast-

ing IDCt.b.d.

~0%

12

Powertrain Electrification



Gasoline Systems

Electrification of AuxillariesMechanicalCoupled, e.g.:• engine fan• water pump• steering pump

Electrified,e.g.:• switched fan• elec. water pump• elec. steering

SophisticatedControl, e.g.:• PWM fan• thermal management

• generator control

Overall energy efficient vehicle,e.g.:• X by Wire• C2X• Smart HMI • …

Electrification of Propulsion

• Start / Stop• Start / Stop Coasting

• Advanced Recuperation

• Electrical Torque Assist

• Mild Hybrid• Strong Hybrid

• Plugin Hybrid

• EV with REX• Pure EV



Gasoline Systems

e-Drive System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

Mild HEV

StrongHEV

Plug-inHEV City

EV

CompactEV

Perfor-mance

EV

Per

form

ance

(kW

)

e-Machineas

IntegratedMotor

Generator

e-Machineas

Separate Motor

Generator

PowerElectronic

Inverter with

IntegratedConverter

40%

40%

20%

70%

20%

~10%

Hybrid Systems Electr. Vehicle Systems Bosch Electric Powertrain

Market shares 2015



Gasoline Systems

CO2-benefit vs. cost for CC vehicle base 2020

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

1600 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

CO

2 [g

/km

]

NEDC ICE powerreduction

vehicle size reduction

PHEV Real-life CO2 depends on

driving range patterns. Higher driving

performance due to electric add-on torque.

Min e-range required to satisfy consumer expectations of e-motion

G……km

SI-ICE Highest CO2/cost-benefit

w/ cost efficient measures. 95g for gasoline w/ ICE

measures possible

w/ BRS and mass+cw×Areduction (SC class)

SCGx

Gx

SCGx

G130km

G020km

PHEV40 kW

G110km

Gx

OEM add-on system cost

Base I4, 1.4 l, DI / TC, 100 kW

G1

G1HEV

G1



Gasoline Systems

Summary

The CO2 limit of 130 g/km can be achieved with todays technologies forSI engines in compact class

This was achieved by a summary of detail optimizations

Downsizing and Gasoline direct injection are mainstream measures

Coasting allows further reduction of more than 10%

Additional improvements are only achievable with hybridisation

Willingness to pay for electrified powertrains depends on tangible end consumer benefits

Technologien zur Erreichung der CO2 Technologies to ... SSM-Tagung 2012... · Combinations of...

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