The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosytem (PACE...

TThheePPllaannkkttoonn,,AAeerroossooll,,CClloouudd,,oocceeaannEEccoossyytteemm ((PPAACCEE))mmiissssiioonn::

SSttaattuuss,,sscciieennccee,,aaddvvaanncceess

JJeerreemmyyWWeerrddeellllPACEProjectScientist,NASAGoddardSpaceFlightCenter

21March2018@theSun-ClimateSymposium

2

cloudfraction

oceanchlorophyllnormalizedlandvegetationindex

aerosolopticalthickness

1997-20101978-1986 1999-present 2002-present 2012-present

BBrrooaaddllyyssppeeaakkiinngg,,PPAACCEEhhaassttwwooffuunnddaammeennttaallsscciieenncceeggooaallss::

(1) Extendkeysystematicoceancolor,aerosol,&cloudclimatedatarecords

(2) Addressnew&emergingsciencequestionsusingitsadvancedcapabilities

WWhhaattiiss““oocceeaannccoolloorr””??

thespectraldistributionofreflectedsunlightcanbeusedtoinferthecontentsofthewater

clear water sediment-rich water

Rrs

(l)

colorSpectral Wavelength (l)

Wat

er R

efle

ctan

ce

32018Sun-ClimateSymposium [email protected]

ABSORPTION(a)

SCATTERING(bb)

AIR

SEA

Water-leavingRadiance,Lw

Therearetwopossiblethingsthatcanhappentoaphotoninwater

Measurementsofoceancolorarebasedonelectromagneticenergyemittedbysunlight,transmittedthroughatmosphere,andreflected byEarth’ssurface.

Phytoplankton

Detritus

OrganicMatter

400 500 600 700

400 500 600 700

400 500 600 700

400 500 600 700

400 500 600 700

OOcceeaannccoolloorrddaattaapprroodduuccttss

diffuselightattenuation(waterclarity,turbidity)

particlebackscattering(sedimentload)

chlorophyll-a(algalbiomass)

dissolvedorganicmatterabsorption(runoff)

redlightreflectance(sedimentload)

ratio of blue:greenradiances

chlo

roph

yll-a

(mg

m-3

)

and,manyothers,including:phytoplanktoncommunitycomposition(includingHABs)particlesizedistributions(watercomposition)particulate(in)organiccarbon(productivity)euphoticdepth(visibility,waterclarity)watertemperature(MODIS,VIIRS)


MMiissssiioonncchhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss

7

CY21CY20CY19CY18

Instrument(s)CDR(s)

ObservatoryI&T

CY22 CY23 CY24

Decommission

CY25

SpacecraftCDR

LaunchFall2022

PhaseC PhaseD PhaseEPhaseB PhaseF

KKeeyyMMiissssiioonnEElleemmeennttss

Missionmanagement NASAGoddardSFCOceanColorInstrument NASAGoddardSFCHARP2polarimeter U.MarylandBaltimoreCountySPEXonepolarimeter SRON(Netherlands)Spacecraft/MissionOps NASAGoddardSFCSciencedataprocessing OceanBiologyProcessingGroupCompetedscienceteams NASAEarthSciencesDivision

KKeeyyMMiissssiioonnFFeeaattuurreess

Cost Directed,DTC,$805MLife 3-yr,ClassC,10-yrfuelOrbit 676.5km,Sunsync,1-pmMLTANCoverage(OCI) 2-dayglobalRFCommunication Kadirecttoground,600MbpsScienceTeam 2019-2022+2023-2025(ROSES)Cal/ValTeam 2018/19-2021+2022-2025(ROSES)


LLooookkiinnggffoorrwwaarrdd::tthheemmiissssiioonn’’ssccoommiinnggyyeeaarr((ss))

8

PPhhaasseeBB– preliminarydesign&technologycompletion

PPhhaasseeCC– finaldesign&fabricationPPhhaasseeDD– systemassembly,integration&testing,&launchPPhhaasseeEE – scienceoperations

• July2017– Q22019• AllmissionelementsmustpassPreliminaryDesignReviews(PDR)• Precededbyseriesofsub-elementEngineeringPeerReviews(EPRs)

• Project&HQScience+OBPGScienceDataProcessing:• respondtoelementissues(study,charge/retreat,providetherapy)• buildsciencecapabilities(plansforcal,val,algs,processing,documentation,etc.)


CY21CY20CY19CY18 CY22 CY23 CY24 CY25

PhaseC PhaseD PhaseEPhaseB PhaseF

MMoovviinnggffrroommmmuullttii--ssppeeccttrraallrraaddiioommeettrryyttoossppeeccttrroossccooppyy


LindaArmbrecht,abc.com.au

JoaquimGoes,LDEO

signalsfromtheoceanaresmall&differentiatingbetweenconstituentsrequiresadditionalinformationrelativetowhatwehavetoday

Examplediatom

ExampleNoctiluca

1mm

fluorescence

10

Makenewglobalmeasurementsofoceancolorthatareessentialforunderstandingtheglobalcarboncycle&oceanecosystemresponsestoachangingclimate

Collectglobalobservationsofaerosol&cloudproperties,focusingonreducingthelargestuncertaintiesinclimate&radiativeforcingmodelsoftheEarthsystem

Improveourunderstandingofhowaerosolsinfluenceoceanecosystems&biogeochemicalcyclesandhowoceanbiological&photochemicalprocessesaffecttheatmosphere

Sunglint

Imagestripes

Absorbingaerosols

Darkoceanvs.brightland&clouds

Differentalgalgroups

Variedcontrasts

Variedopticalproperties

Variedaltitudes

Extend keysystematicocean biological,ecological,&biogeochemicalclimatedatarecords,aswellascloud &aerosol climatedatarecords

GSDof1± 0.1km2 atnadir

Tilt± 20o

Spectralrangefrom350-865@5nm 940,1038,1250,1378,1615,2130,2260nm

Spectralrangegoalof320-865@5nm

Twice-monthlylunarcalibration&onboardsolarcalibration(daily,monthly,dim)

Instrumentperformancerequirements

RReeqquuiirreeddsscciieenncceeddaattaapprroodduuccttss((OOCCII))

11

Requireddataproducts&additionalexpecteddataproducts:

Buildingcapabilitiestoproduce thisfullsuiteofOCIproductsfromproxydatausing preliminary/heritage algorithmsbytheendof2018

Water-leavingreflectance Aerosolopticalthickness

Chlorophyll-a Aerosol finemodefraction

Phytoplanktonabsorption Liquid /icecloudopticalthickness

NAP+CDOMabsorption Liquid/icecloudeffectiveradius

Particulatebackscattering Cloudlayerdetection (𝜏𝜏 <0.3)

Diffuse attenuation Cloudtoppressure(𝜏𝜏 >3)

Fluorescencelineheight Shortwaveradiationeffect

LLeevveell11rreeqquuiirreedd((~~tthhrreesshhoolldd))pprroodduuccttss


AAddvvaanncceedd&&eevvaalluuaattiioonnsscciieenncceeddaattaapprroodduuccttss

12

Requireddataproducts&additionalexpecteddataproducts:

Carbonstocks& fluxes Liquid /icecloudwaterpath

Phytoplankton pigments Polarimeter-specificproducts

Phytoplanktonphysiology Appliedsciences-specificproducts

Community structure(PFTs) Landdataproducts(TBD)

Productivity YourveryfavoritedataproductthatPAR,lightattenuation,waterquality Iforgottolist(soplzdon’task)

IInnccoommpplleetteelliissttooffaaddvvaanncceedd((~~bbaasseelliinnee))pprroodduuccttss

GGeenneerraall eexxppeeccttaattiioonnssffoorrffuuttuurreePPAACCEEsscciieenncceetteeaammss:• Novel methodsforrequiredproducts(exploitspectralcapabilities)• Methodsforadvancedproducts+scientificapplications


OOCCIIaattmmoosspphheerriicciimmpprroovveemmeennttssoovveerrhheerriittaaggee

13

Higherspatialresolutionthanmanyheritageproducts

UV+oxygen-Abandstoestimateconcentrations&absorptionmagnitudes,notjustanindex

VIIRSRGB+OMPSAerosolIndex

Two2-µmbandsimproveretrievalsofcloudthermodynamicphase

PACEbandsVIIRSbands

Deeperredindicatesimprovedprobabilityofdetectionoficephase

PPoollaarriimmeettrryyoonnPPAACCEE

14

SSppeeccttrroo--PPoollaarriimmeetteerrffoorrPPllaanneettaarryyEExxpplloorraattiioonn((SSPPEEXXoonnee))ContributionfromtheNetherlands(SRON,NSO,Airbus;TNOoptics)POC:OttoHasekamp

HHyyppeerrAAnngguullaarrRRaaiinnbboowwPPoollaarriimmeetteerr((HHAARRPP--22))ContributionfromUniversityofMarylandBaltimoreCountyPOC:VanderleiMartins

TTwwooccuubbeessaatt--ssiizzeeddccoonnttrriibbuutteedd iinnssttrruummeennttss

SSPPEEXXoonnee HHAARRPP--22

Spectralrange(resolution) 385-770nm(hyperspectral2nm) 440,550,670nm(10)+870nm(40nm)#viewingangles 5(-52o,-20o,0o,20o,52o) 20for440,550,870nm+60for670nm(114o)Swathwidth 9o (100km) 94o (1550km)Groundsampledistance 2.5km2 3km2

Heritage AirSPEX AirHARP,cubesatHARPforISS

Hyperspectral(UV)+narrowswath

Hyperangular+wideswath


OOCCII--ppoollaarriimmeettrryyssyynneerrggyy

15

SSppeeccttrroo--PPoollaarriimmeetteerrffoorrPPllaanneettaarryyEExxpplloorraattiioonn((SSPPEEXXoonnee))• Excellentforaerosolcharacterization• AddressesaerosolclimateobjectivesbeyondthoserequiredofOCI

HHyyppeerrAAnngguullaarrRRaaiinnbboowwPPoollaarriimmeetteerr((HHAARRPP--22))• Excellentforclouddropletsizeandiceparticleshape/roughnessretrievals• ProvidescloudcapabilitiesbeyondthoserequiredofOCI• Wideswath~matchesOCI,offeringpotentiallyimprovedatmosphericcorrection

OOCCII++SSPPEEXXoonnee++HHAARRPP--22• Hyperspectral+hyperangular+highlyaccurateradiometric&polarimetric

observations=fargreaterinformationcontentthananycurrentinstrumentsuiteforoceancolor,aerosol,&cloudobservations

• Newdataproducts:oceancolorfrommulti-anglepolarimetry,windspeed,etc.2018Sun-ClimateSymposium [email protected]

AApppplliieeddSScciieenncceess

16

MissionPhase ApplicationsActivity

Pre-phaseA• Assessmentofthecommunityofpractice.• DescriptionofpotentialapplicationsfromthePACEdatausingthe

requirementsestablishedbytheScienceDefinitionTeam(SDT).

PhaseA

• Applicationswebsiteestablishment.• Databaseofusercommunityindividualsbegins.• ApplicationsPlanwrittenandpostedtowebsite.• Applicationswhitepapersdevelopedandpostedtothewebsite.• ApplicationsTraceabilityMatricesdevelopedandpostedtothewebsite.• ApplicationsWorkingGroupestablished.

PhaseB

• Workshopconductedwithtargetedsciencecommunitiestocommunicatekeymodel,observationandAppliedSciencesopportunitiesandrequirements.

• Newsletters,articles,posters,andothercommunicationsdevelopedtoexpandthecommunityofpotential.

• EarlyAdoptersProgramestablished.

PhaseC/D

• AnnualworkshopfocusedonresultsfromEarlyAdopters.• Descriptionofvalidationdatasetstothecommunityofpractice.• Conferencepresentationsandpapers;newslettersandjournalarticles

onuserinteractiontoexpandthecommunityofpotential.• Dataworkshops,shortcourses,focussessions,tutorials.• InteractionwithNASAHQAppliedSciencestopreparefunding

opportunities.

PhaseE

• Documentingdecisionsupportprovidedbymissiondata.• Newsletter,journalarticles,conferencepresentationsofapplicationsof

data.• Communityinteractionandsupportofdatareprocessingand

improvement.Calibration/validationofdataquality,format,issues.• ConductImpactWorkshoptoassesssuccessofApplications

implementation.• ConductaQuantitativePACEDataSocietalBenefitValueAssessment.• InformationforSeniorReviewSubmissions.

NNeewwaaggeennccyyddiirreeccttiivveeoonnAApppplliieeddSScciieenncceesswwiitthhiinnmmiissssiioonnss


TTaakkeehhoommeemmeessssaaggeess

Spatial Spectral* Temporal DetectorsVIIRS 750m

global7bandsfrom412 – 865nm

1.24, 1.61,2.25µm2-day

nadirviewmultiple

16– rotatingtelescope

OLCI/Sentinel-3 300mglobal

21programmablebandsfrom400– 1020nm

3-daynadirview

multiplepushbroom

OLI/Landsat-8/9MSI/ Sentinel-2

10 - 60mcoastal

5-9bandsfrom443– 865 nm1.60,2.20µm

16-daynadirview

multiplepushbroom

PACE 1000mglobal

>114 bandsfrom320 – 885nm1.04,1.25, 1.61,2.13,2.26µm

2-day±20° tilt

single1 – rotatingtelescope

*onlybandsusedforoceancolorshown

17

Theoceancolorinstrumentconceptprovidesaleapforwardincapabilitiesfortheoceancolorcommunity;byitself,itwillprovideawealthofinformationnotcurrentlyavailableorplannedtobecomeavailable

PACEisunlikeanyotheroceancolormissionplannedinthe2020’sbyanyagency;itfillsasubstantialvoid:

Polarimetryprovidesaleapforwardincapabilitiesfortheatmosphericcommunity– italsoprovidesabenefittotheoceancolorcommunity,makingthecombinationofinstrumentsamajorcontributiontoscience


LLeeaarrnnmmoorreeaabboouuttPPAACCEE

hhttttppss::////ppaaccee..ggssffcc..nnaassaa..ggoovv@@NNAASSAAOOcceeaann((TTwwiitttteerr))@@NNAASSAA..OOcceeaann((FFaacceebbooookk))TTeecchhnniiccaallMMeemmoo..sseerriieess

TThhaannkkyyoouu..QQuueessttiioonnss??

WWhhoo’’sswwoorrkkiinnggoonnPPAACCEE((aassooffeeaarrllyyFFeebb22001188))??

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FranceAirbus[SPEXone]

NetherlandsSRON[SPEXone]TNO[PrimaryMirror]

AlaskaArticSlopeRegionalCorporation[Support]

VirginiaMoogInc[Bearings]ScienceApplicationsInternationalCorp[Support]TRAXInternationalCorp[Support]

MarylandSupportContractsAlcyonTechnicalServicesARESTechnicalServicesATAAerospaceBusinessIntegraINCKBRwyleTechnologySolutionLLCTridentVantageSystemsLLC

Genesis[Avionics]UniversityofMaryland,BaltimoreCounty[HARP2]

ColoradoAviorControlTechnologiesInc[OCIRotationMotors]Cobham[Avionics]

ArkansasBEIPrecisionSystemsandSpaceCompany[Encoders]

NewHampshireCorning[PrimaryMirror][BackEndOptics]

CaliforniaIrvineElectronics[Avionics]SemiconductorTechnologyAssociatesInc[CCDs]Teledyne[CCDs]

ArizonaAdvancedCircuits[Avionics]

Minnesota4th AccessMachining[Avionics]

TexasSouthwestResearch[Avionics]

UtahSpaceDynamicsLaboratory[SWIRAOB]

the

first

PAC

Esc

ienc

ete

am(2

014-

2017

)


OOcceeaannCCoolloorrIInnssttrruummeenntt–– pphhyyssiiccaallaasssseemmbbllyy

22

Cross-trackrotatingtelescopewith± 56.5o fieldofregard

2(UV-VIS&VIS-NIR)slitgratinghyperspectralspectrographs

CCoonncceeppttffoolllloowwsstthheehheerriittaaggeeoofftthheeSSeeaaWWiiFFSS,,MMOODDIISS,,aannddVVIIIIRRSS

NIR-SWIRfibercoupledmultibandfilterspectrographs

Solarcalibrationassembly

RadiatorEarthshield

Startrackers

Radiators

Data,control,&interfaceunits

270kg,315W,13Mbpsupto40Mbps(CBEs)


OOcceeaannCCoolloorrIInnssttrruummeenntt((OOCCII))–– ssiiggnnaall--ttoo--nnooiissee((SSNNRR))


MMuullttii--aanngglleeppoollaarriimmeetteerr((ss))oonnPPAACCEE

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SSppeeccttrraallrraannggee• Whilethetotalintensityreflectedbylandsurfaceshasconsiderablespectral

variation,polarizedintensitydoesnot.Awidespectralbaselineisneededtoperformaccurateaerosolretrievalsoverland.

• UVtocharacterizeaerosolabsorptionwouldcomplimentOCI’sUVsensitivity.SSwwaatthhwwiiddtthh• Abroad,OCI-matchingswathisneededtoprovideatmosphericcorrectionforthe

entiretyoftheOCIobservation.AAnngguullaarrrraannggee• Awideviewanglerangeobservesscatteringanglesessentialforaerosolsizeand

complexrefractiveindexretrieval.PPoollaarriimmeettrriiccaaccccuurraaccyy• HighaccuracyneededforbestaerosolandcloudretrievalsNNuummbbeerrooffvviieewwiinnggaanngglleess• Roughly5anglesneededforaccurateaerosolretrievals• Characterizationoficecloudcrystalshape(AspectRatio- AR)androughnessrequires

~10angles.Determinationofliquidclouddropletsizerequires40-60viewangles.

FFoorrmmuullttii--aanngglleeppoollaarriimmeettrriiccoobbsseerrvvaattiioonnssttoobbeebbeenneeffiicciiaallffoorraaeerroossoollaannddcclloouuddcchhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonnaannddaattmmoosspphheerriiccccoorrrreeccttiioonntthheeyynneeeeddtthheeffoolllloowwiinnggccaappaabbiilliittiieess::

Exampleatmosphericaerosols,particlesthathaveawiderangeofsizes,shapesandchemicalcompositions.

2018Sun-ClimateSymposium

LLooookkiinnggffoorrwwaarrdd::nnootteewwoorrtthhyymmeennttiioonnss

25

BBuuddggeettSSttaattuuss::FFYY1188aannddbbeeyyoonndd((aassooffeeaarrllyyFFeebb22001188))• “ThePresident’s2018Budgetrequests$19.1billionforNASA,a0.8percent

decreasefromthe2017annualizedCRlevel…forESD:$1.8B,down$102M,orca5%cutfrom2017annualizedCRlevel.”

• FY18President’sBudgetidentifiedterminationoffivemissions:OCO-3,DISCOVR,PACE,CLARREOPathfinder,RBI,NASA’sOfficeofEducation,andareductiontoESDresearch(firststepinbudgetprocess)

22001177--22002277DDeeccaaddaallSSuurrvveeyyffoorrEEaarrtthhSScciieenncceeaannddAApppplliiccaattiioonnssffrroommSSppaaccee• Freedownload:http://sites.nationalacademies.org/DEPS/ESAS2017/index.htm• ProgramofRecord– “Theseriesofexistingorpreviouslyplannedobservations,

whichshouldbecompletedasplanned.ExecutionoftheESAS2017recommendationrequiresthatthetotalcosttoNASAoftheProgramofRecordflightmissionsfromFY18-FY27becappedat$3.6B.”


LLooookkiinnggFFoorrwwaarrdd::PPAACCEESScciieenncceeTTeeaammpprree--llaauunncchh&&ppoosstt--llaauunncchhsscchheedduullee

PPrree--llaauunncchhSScciieenncceeTTeeaammss• FY15– 17:ROSES2013A.25

• Achievedconsensusanddevelopscommunity-endorsedpathsforwardforIOPsandAtmosphericCorrection

• FY19– 22:ROSES2019(4years)• Allowleadtimeforscientificalgorithmdevelopment&applicationsdevelopmentpriortolaunch• InitiatesinterfacebetweeninstrumentdevelopersandOBPG;OBPG/OBDAACandalgorithmdevelopers;

possibleLaRCDAACforpolarimetry(notyetdecided)• FY23– 25:ROSES2022(3years)

• Pre-launchalgorithmsandpost-launchcompetedscience/applicationsforoceancolorinstrument’saerosol,cloud,oceanscience,plusaerosolandcloudsfrompolarimeters

PPoosstt--llaauunncchhCCoommppeetteeddSScciieennccee-- ooppttiioonnss• CompetedthroughROSES2025• Afterlaunch,jointfundingbetweenEOSproject,R&A,andPACEmissionbudget,exploringadditionalfunding

fromAppliedSciences• Missioncontributions(manyTBDs)• Continueduringmissionextensions

2018Sun-ClimateSymposium [email protected] 26

LLooookkiinnggffoorrwwaarrdd::vviiccaarriioouussccaalliibbrraattiioonn

27

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

today launchoneyearsite&systemcharacterization

oneyeartestdeployment,mistakes,etc.

?

options:systemsindevelopment,expectedexternalassets(e.g.,MOBY,BOUSSOLE),FRM4SOC,otherinsitusources,models

RROOSSEESS22001144AA..33OOBBBB((FFYY1155--1177))-- wwrriitttteennaannddccoommppeetteeddbbeeffoorreePPAACCEEwwaassaarreeaallmmiissssiioonn� IssuedunderOBB,managedjointlybetweenOBBandESTO

� Allowedleadtimeforconceptstomaturepriortolaunch+Identifiedtechnicaldevelopmentneeds/risksfortheapproachesselected

� Threeprojectsfundedthatarecompletinganalysisandtestingofhardware:

� Hyperspectralradiometricdeviceforaccuratemeasurementsofwaterleavingradiancefromautonomousplatformsforsatellitevicariouscalibrations- PI– AndrewBarnard,SeaBirdScientific

� Hybrid-spectralAlternativeforRemoteProfilingofOpticalObservationsforNASASatellites(HARPOONS)- PI– CarlosDelCastillo,NASAGSFC

� DevelopingaMOBY-NETinstrument,suitableforafederationnetworkforVicariousCalibrationofOceanColorSatellitesPerformcal/valduringmissionoperations- PI– KenVoss,UniversityofMiami

� RROOSSEESS22001188oorr22001199-- SSeelleeccttbbeessttaapppprrooaacchhaannddhhaarrddwwaarree((pprree--llaauunncchh))oorrffuurrtthheerrrriisskkrreedduuccttiioonnoonniinnssttrruummeennttaattiioonn,,iiffnneeeeddeedd,,ffoorrvviiccaarriioouussccaalliibbrraattiioonnooffoocceeaannccoolloorrddaattaapprroodduuccttss..

LLooookkiinnggffoorrwwaarrdd::aavvaalliiddaattiioonnpprrooggrraamm

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UncertaintyrequirementsaccompanyallL1req’ddataproducts(i.e.,weneedquantitativevalidationofalloftheseproducts)

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

today

launchoneyearofpractice(VIIRS)

twoyearsforsystemdevelopment,datasource

identifications,etc.

ongoingvalidation

Water-leavingreflectance Aerosolopticalthickness

Chlorophyll-a Aerosol finemodefraction

Phytoplanktonabsorption Liquid /icecloudopticalthickness

NAP+CDOMabsorption Liquid/icecloudeffectiveradius

Particulatebackscattering Cloudlayerdetection (𝜏𝜏 <0.3)

Diffuse attenuation Cloudtoppressure(𝜏𝜏 >3)

Fluorescencelineheight Shortwaveradiationeffect

FFYY1199–– 2211::RROOSSEESS22001188oorr22001199((33--44yyeeaarrss))

• Selectsbestapproachandhardware(pre-launch)orfurtherriskreductiononinstrumentation,ifneeded,forvalidationofalldataproducts(aerosol,cloud,oceancolor)– insitu;Calibration/validationofpolarimetrydataproducts(TBD)

FFYY2222–– 2255::RROOSSEESS22002211oorr22002222((44yyeeaarrss))

• Performcal/valduringmissionops;Includesairborneandinsitumeasurements;Continueeveryyearduringmissionextension(s)

• Internationalcommunity(EUMETSAT,ESA,andtheCopernicusProgram)areinvestinginFiducialReferenceMeasurementsforSentinelandcoordinationiscritical

LLeevveell11rreeqquuiirreedd((~~tthhrreesshhoolldd))pprroodduuccttss

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