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t o s e r v e a n d r e - i n t e r p r e t t h e l h m l : a n d e t e r n a l t e a c h i n g l a i d d o w n b yt l o d h i t h e H u h ' ~) t ll 'a ll . " l : h e M o v e m e n t t h e r e f o r e r e p r e s e n t s "dieT r u e a n d R e a l I s l a m a n d s e e k ~ to u p l i f t t m n l a n i t y a n d t 0 e s ta b l i s hp e a c e t h r o u g h o u t t h e : w o r l d . H a z i ' a t A h m a d d i e d J n 1 90 8 . a n d t h ep r e s e n t H e a d o f t h e M o v e n l e n t i s h i s s e e t ln d s u c c e s s o r , H a z r a t M i r z ag a s h i r u d - D i l l ~ l a h n l u d : \ l l l i l a d u n d e r w l u ,s 6 d i r e c t i o n s th e M , , v e -n l e n t h a s e s t a h l i s h e d ,'% lissiO ns i n . m a n y p a r t s o f t h e w 0 r h l , t h ef o l l o w i n g h e i n g l h e : l d d r t ' s s t ' s u f s o n l e ' o f t h e m :T I l E I , t i N l l ~ l X \ - - ~ ,2 - X I , X Z . l ' ] s q . . .Xl( ~.q{2 ] I".( 1 3 . ~ l ' h ' i l s t " t C l i i t d .

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- , ; . ; : . ' .f r o m t h e i : ,V e r s e s : H o l y Q u r a n

T r a n s l i t e r a t i o nX,Va l il la h i : m u s l k u s s a m s w a f f w a l a r d h i w a h h u a a l a k u l li s h a i - in .

( ) a , l e e r . ( 1 1 1 " 1 8 8 ) " " ' "T a b a r k a l la h u R a b b u l A l a m e e n . u d - w o o r a b b a k u m t a d h a r r u a n

w a k ii uf iy a h ; ! n n a h u L a u h ib b . u l m o 0 t a d e e n ~ ( M I - 5 5 ) -F a f a b a r a k - a l l a h u R a b b u l a l a m e e n H u a l - H a y y u . L a i l la h u ; f a d - "

w 0 0 - h u , m u h k l i s s e n a l a h t t d d e e n . A l -h ~ tm d u l i ll a h i . R a b b i l a la m e e n.~ ( X L -" '6 ~ 6 5 ) __ . . - .

V Ca " m i n a - n n a a s i m a n . ~ m sh ri n a f s a h u i b t i g h a - a m a r a d h a t i l la h\ V a l l a h u R a - w o o f u m b i l ib a d . 7 (1 i - 2 0 7 , i " . : " ' " " "

" " - " " T r a n s l a t i o n - - . - "A n d - u n i o G o d b e l o n g e t h . t h e k i n g d o m o f t h e . h e a v e n s a n d t h e

i ea r th ;, a fi.d H e i s - p o w e r f u l o v e i , f i l l t h i n g s . ". " B l e s s e d b e . A l l a h ( G o d ) L o r d o f ' a l l t i l e W o r l d s . P r a y u n t 0 H i m

i n h u m i l i t y a n d se cr le tly . V e r i l y G o d l o v e t h ' n o t t h e t r a n s g r e s s o r s . : B l e s s e d b-e A l l a h , ( G o d ) L o r d - o f a l l t h e w o rl d 6 , , H e i s t h e L i v i n g . . . . .T h e r e i ~ n o n e {~ o r t h y o f w o r s h i p b e s i d e s H i m . .~ . T h e r e f o r e c a i l o n H i m

: b e i n g s i n c e r e l y d e v o t e d ~ t 0 H i m i n o b e d i e n c e . A l l p r a i s e . b e l 0 n g s t oA l l a h ; L o r d o f a l l t h e w o r l d s . i i - ~ * - " " " ." A n d . f ro th a m o n g m e n , is h e w h o s e l l s , i . e . - s a c r i f i c e s . , h i s v e r y s e l f : : .in o r d e r t o w i n t h e p l e a su r e o f A l l a h ( G O d ) . A n d A l l a h ( G o d ) i s m e r ci~fu l u n t o s u c h o f H i s s e r v a n t s . ,_

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A b u H u r a i r a r ~ la te s t h a t th e H o l y P r o p h e t s a i d : " I a s kt h e f o r g i v e n e s s a n d h e l p o f G o d m o r e t h a n s e v e n t y t im e s e v e ryd a ) . ( M u s l i n )

A b u H u a i r a r e p o r t s t h a t t he H o l y t ' r o p h e t s a id : " A m a n ' sf a i t h i s i n f l u e n c e d b y h i s f l -i en d s . F _ ve ry o n e m u s t . t h e r e f o r e , b ec a r ef u l in c h o o s i n g ' t h e m . " ( T i r m u d i h i )I t is r e p o r t e d o n t h e a u t h o r i t y o f A b u H u r a i r a t h a t t h e H o l y. . . =P r o p h e t s a i d , " T h e m a n ~ x:ho o o k s a t t h o s e w h o a r e s u p em o rt o h i m i n w e a l t h a n d i n p h y ' s i c a l s t r e n g t h , m u s t l o o k a t t h o s e : !a ls o w h o a r e i n f e r i o r to h im in th e s e r e s p e c t s . ( B u k h a r i )

A b d u l la h , s o n o f O m a r r e p o r t s th a t t h e H o l y P r O p h e t w a s . :a c c u s t o m e d t o p r a y i n t h e f o l lo w i n g w o r d s : " O G o d \ V h o h a v et h e p o w e r to t u r n o u r h e a r t s , t u r n o u r : h e a r t s t o w a r d o b ed ie n ceto T h e e . " ( M u s l in ] )

o - . . . .K h u b b a b s /ly s t h a t d u r i n ~ t h e t m l e w h e n M u h a m m a d xx,tsin M e c c a, w h e n h e w a s p e r s e c u t e d bV t h e i d o l a to r s , t h e M o s -l e m s C a m e to h i m w h e n t t i e v c o u l d I ]o l o n g e r t o l e r a t e it,i a n d;iske tl h i m t 0 p r a y f o r t h e h e lp o f G o d . M u h a m m a d l a t t h a t t im e w a s r e c l i n in g o n : a c lo th i n t h e is h a d o w o f t h e k a 'b a , a n d s e e i n g t h e a n x i e t y a n d c 0 n s te r n a iL i o na n d d i s t r e s s a r o u n d h i m , h e s a i d , " " " " " "~ rtu ou s p e o p l e b e f o r e y o uw e r e b u r i e d .w a ist !d ee p in t h e g r o u n d - b y t h e p e r s e c u to r s "a n d t h e i r h e a d s w e r e t h e n s a w n i n t o p i e c e s , b ti t t ti es e people-d id n o t s w e r v e f r o m tru tH . A n d b v A l la h , I s l a m w i l l s p r e a d in iA r a b i a a n d a l l o b s t a c l e s s h a l l b e l " e m o v e d i n s u c t i a w a v t h a ta S i n g l e m a n ,. W e a p o n l e s sl s h a l l b e a b l e t o t r a v e l f r 6 m % a n a 'a t()H a d a r n m u t W i th o u t f e a r , ex:cel)t t h e f e a r o f G o d . B u t y oua r e in a h u r r y . " ( B u k h a r i )


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Excerpts From the Writ ingso f

H a z r a t M i r z a G h u l a m A h u m a dT h e P r o m i s e d M e s s i a h A n d . M a h d i ~ "

" . ( 1 8 3 6 - 1 9 o 8 ) - -

T h e t r u t h is . 11o m a n c a n r e a l l y g e t r i d o f s in s , n o rc a n h e t r u l y l o v e G o d n o r c a n h e f e a r H i m a s h e o u g h tto, u n t il b y t h e g r a c e o f G 6d . h e a t t a i n s to d i v i n e k n o w l e d g e ,p o w er , a n d s t r e n g t h . I t is o b v i o u s t h a t f e a r a n d lo ve a r e th er es u lt o f k n o w l e dg e . T h e l o ve o f t h i n g s a f t e r w h i c h m a n ' s ~h e a r t y e a r n a n d t h e f e ar o f t h i n g s f r o m w h i c h h e r u n s a w a y ,s p r i n g in h i s h e a r t a f t e r h e k n o w s a b o u t t h e m . Y e s , - i t i st ru e ; d iv i n e k n o w l e d g e c a n n o t b e a t t a i n e d S ave b v t h e g r a c e, f G o d - A n d b y th e d iv i ne w i s d o m w h i c h co m es, t h r o u g h t h e. g r a c e o f G o d , a ' d o o r i s o p e n e d fo r f h e d i s c e rn m e n t a n d s e a r c hf o r t r u t h .A n d a s a r e s u lt o f t h e r e p e a te d a n d c o n t in u a l e f fu l-g e n c e o f t h e d iv in e , g r a c e , t h a t d o o r r e m a in s o p e n a lw a y s a n dis n e v e r -l o c k ed . I n s h o r t , d i v in e w i s d o m i s a t t a i n e d . t h r o u g ht h e g r a c e o f G o d a n d t h r o u g h t h e g r a c e o f G o d , d o e s i t l a s t . D i v i n e g r a c e m a k e s s p i r i t u a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g c r y s t a l c le a r "andi l l u m i n a t i n g a n d l i f t s t h e v e il s w h i c h s t a n d h e t w e e n m a n a n dG o d. I t c l e a n s e s t h e s e l f o f m a n o f a l l ~ lro ss a n d im p u r i t i e sa n d b r e a th e s :n e w l i f e a n d s tr e ng - th in to th e so ifl. I t u n fe t -t e r s m a n f r . o m th e s h a c k l e s o f e v i l a n d p u r i f i e s h im o f l o wd e si re s. I t d e l iv e r s m a n f r o m t h e t u r b u l e n t d e l u g e o f p a ss io n s .Then a change Comes ove r h im and he n~Ztu ra l lv beg ins tO ab -h0 r: ev i l l i f e . . . . . . .T h e f ir st t h i n g t o w a r d w h i c h h i s s pii-it m o v e s h im ," a f t e r s u c h a h o ly t r a n s f o r m a t i o n is w r o u g h t i n h im i s p r a y e r .T h i n k n o ( t h a t v e praY-, e v er y d a y a n d y o u r d a i lyd e v o t i o n s a r e b u t p r a v e r s . T h ' e p r a y e r w l~ich i s i n s t i l l e d i n to y o u a f t e r t h e a t t a i n n f e n t .o f d i v i n e k n o w l e d g e , is e n t i r e l y d i f-f e r e n t f r o m o r d i n a r y p r a y e rs . I t po ss es se s t h e q u a l i t y 6 fa n n ih i l a t i o n . I t i s :fire w h ic h p o s s e s s es t h e q u a lit 3, O f m e l t i n g .I t is a m ag -n etic a t t r a c t i o n w h i c h d r a w s t h e m e r c y o f G o d:I t i s a d e a th b u t . g iv e s n e w l i f e i n - t h e : e n d . I t i s a r i s i n g flo odw h i c h, a t la st , is t u r n e d i n t o a n a r k . i E v e r y t h i n g ' t h a t is s p oi le d


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6 THE M OS LEM S UN R I S E

o r is in d i s o r d e r is s e t r i g h t b v it: E v e n p o i s o n is t u r n e d i n toa n t i - d o t e b y . i t ,B l e s s e d a r e t h e c a p t i v e s w h o n e v e r g r o w w e a r y i n p r a y -in g , fo r , o n e d a y , t h e y w i l l b e e m a n c i p a t e d . B l e ss e d a r e t h eb l in d w h o n e v e r c e a s e t o p r a y , f o r . o n e d a y , t h e y w i l l b eg in , tos ee . B l e s s ed a r e t h o s e w h o l y i n g d o w n in t h e i r g r a v e s s e e k h e lpa n d : s t r e n g t h f r o m G o d , f o r , o n e d a y , t h e y w i ll b e ! ) f o u g h t o u t ,f r o m t h e i r g r a v e s .B l e ss e d a r e y e , . w h e n y e t i r e n o t o f p r a y i n g , yo .urs p i r it m e l t s in d e v o t io n , y o u r ey e~ s h e d t e a r s a n d y o u r b r e a s tb u r n s W i th a f la m e w h i c fi t a k e s y o u to t h e d a r k c h a ni l) e r s a n dt o t h e w i l d e r n e s s s o t h a t y e m a y t as te t h e jo y s o f s o l it u d e ;a n d y e b e c o m e re s tl es s a n d o v e r p o w e r e d b y a f e r v o u r t o b ea l o n e w i t h G o d . W h e n s u c h is t h e c a s e t h e d iv i n e g r a g es h a l l b e s h o w e r e d u p o n y o u . G o d l~oW ard W h o n i w e ca ll y ot!is i n fi n it e i n H i s b o u n t y , c o m p a s s i o n a n d k i n d n e s s , i s F a i t h f u la n d T r u t h f u l a n d S h ow s m e r c y u n t o t he w e a k a n d t h e h elp -le s s . B e Y e , t h e r e f o r e , t ru s t f i f l i n G o d a n d p r a y u n t o H i min al l s i n c e r i ty a n d f a i th t h a t H e m a y s h o w m e r c y u n t o y o u.( I s l a m . A L e c t u r e g i v e n a t S i a l k o t e )

I t is c o m m o n l y t h o u g h t , a n d o f t e n : u r g e d a s a n a r g u m e n ta g a i n s t : t h e . e f f i c a c y o f p r a y e r , t ha t a p r a y e r t o G o d a n d t he~ e e k in g o f m e a n s a r e t w o o p p o s i te c o u r s e s , a n d t h a t s in c e the!l a t t e r c o u r s e i s s u ff ic ie n t f o r t h e a t t a i n m e n t : o f a n e n d , a m a nn e e d n o t r e s o r t t o t h e fo r m e r . T h i s o b j e c t i o n a g a i n s t p r a y e ri s n o t o n l y d i r e c t e d f r o m t h e c am p , o f t h e a th e i s ts , b u t s t r a n g ea s ' i t m a y a p p e a r , e v e n w i th i n t h e c i rc le o f I s l a m t h e r e a r em e n , b y n o m e a n s f e w . i n n m n b e r , w h o e n te /- ta in th is m is -t a k e n v i e w . \ ~ :h e n w e c a s t a g l a n c e a t t h e D i v i n e la w s m a ni~r e s t e d in e x t e r n a l n a t u r e , i t b e c o m e s q u i te c l e a r t h a t t h e r e isa n e c e s s a r y a n d i n d is so lu b le c o n n ec t i o n b e t w e e n l m e a n s a ndp r a y e r . A n y o n e w h o s e ts b e f o r e h i m s e l f t h e a t ta i n m e n t o f ano b je c t a t f i r st l o o k s f o r t h e m e a n s a n d e n d e a v o r s t o h i s u t;m o s t t 6 fin d . o u t t h e a g e f i c i e s b y w h i c h h e C an p o s s ib l y a t ta i nt h a t e n d . h a t h is s e a r c h f o r m e a n s h e h a s t o a p p l y a ll h i s f a c u l ;t i es t o t h e o b j ec t b e f o r e h i m a n d g i v e h i s w h o l e a t t e n t i o n tot h e f in d i n g o f t h e s e in e a n s. ~ h e n : : w e a r e s i c k , f o r i ns ta n c e.w e s ee k t h e p r o p e r r e m e d y , o r i f w e h a v e n o t th e s ki l l w h i c hc a n e n a b l e u s .to fin d th e t r u e r e m e d y , w e c al l a p h y s i c i a n w h or ef le c ts o n t h e c a u se s ,a n d t h e n a t u r e o f o u r d i s e a s e , a n d w h o s eg e n i u s i s s o m e t im e s ~ f i d e d - t o a r e m e d y , w h i c h r e m o v e s o u ri ll n es s tO s o m e ex t e n t2 . T h e m e t h o d t h u s : S u g g e s t e d i s t h e r e s u l to f a d e e p r e f le c t io n a n d o f t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n g i v e n t o t h e q u e s - .


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T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 7

t io n , w h i c h , in o t h e r w o r d s , m a y b e c a l l e d a p r a y e r . F o r , w h e nw e s t r iv e h a r d in .s ea rc h o f w h a t i s h i d d e n f r o m u s a n d u n -k n o w n to u s , w e r e a l l y s ee k f o r g u k i a n c e : f ro m a h i g h e r p o w e r ,f ro m w h o m n o t h i n g i s h i d d e n , - i n . a l a n g u a g e W h ic h is e x -" pr es se d 1)y o u r . v e r y c o n d i t i o n . I n f a ct , i t c a n n o t b e d o u b t e d t h a tw h e n in s e a r c h o f a t h i n g t h e s o u l s t r e t c h e s o u t i t s h a n d sin t r u e z e al a n d a r d o u r b e f o r e t h e . G i v e r o f a ll g if tS , a n d ,f i n d in g i t se l f w e a k a n d u n ab le l t o a t t a i n t h e e n d b y i t s e l f , s e e k sf or l i g h t f r o m s o m e o t h e r s o ur ce , i t .is p h m g e d i n - a p r a y e r f u lm e d i ta t i on , a n d i t s c o n d i ti on t h e n i s t r u l y o f o n e . w h o p ra y sto G od : I t i s t h u s p r a y e r w h i / : h is t h e k e y t o al l t r e a s u r e s0 f k n o w l e d g e a n d w h i c h h a s b r o u g h t a b o u t t h e d i s c 0 v e r y o fso m a n y s c i e n c e s . - O u r m e d i t a t i o n s a n d : re fle ct io n s a n d o u rS carcfi f o r t h a t w h i c h is h i d d e n f r o m u s a r e a ll a s o r t o f p r a y e r .T h e d i f f e r e n c e i s o n ly t h i s . t h a t t h e t r u l y W i se , t h e h o ly m e n o f G o d, p r a y w i t h d u e r e s p e ct to H i m w h o m t h e y r e c o g n i z e - t obe- t h e S o u r c e ! o f a l l b l e s s i n g s a n d t h e i r s u p p l i c a t i o n s a r e b a s e du p on a c l e a r k n o w l e d g e ; W h ile t h e p r a y e r 0 f t h o s e u p o n W h o s ee y es a v e il i s c a s t i s l ik e W a n d e r i n g i n d a r k n e s s a n d i t t a k e s t h ef o r m ' - o f m e d i t a t i o n a n d r e f l e ct io n . B o t h : h a v e : t h e o b j e c t i n ' V ie w, v iz . , t h e o p e n i n g O f h i d d e n . w a y s a n d d e e p . p a t h s a n d t h e, l i sc o v e r y o f m e a n s w h ic h : w o u l d m a k e : t h e m s u c c e s s f u l .i n t hea t t a i n m e n t o f a n e n d . T h e p e r so n w h o h a s n o t a t r u e k n ow I -e d ge o f - G o d a n d a c e l - t a i n f a i t h i n . H i s e x i s te n c e is i g n o r a n to f t h e G i V e r f r o m : W h o m h e m u s t s ee k , b u t s ti l l , w h e n i n d i s -t re ss , .h e s e e k s f o r a s s i s t a n c e f r o m S om e o t h e r s o u r c e w h i c hh e. d o e s n o t k n o w . l-[e" w a l k s -in d a r k n e s s a n d d o e s- n o t k n o wt h a t t l le w a y o p e n e d to. h i m u p o n r e f l e c t io n a n d c o n s i d e r a t i o ni s a ls o o p e n e d b y G o d . . B u t A h n i g h t y G o d s ee s t he h e a r t a n dl oo k in g u p o n i t s m e d i t a t i o n s a s p r a y e r , g u i d e s t h e m a n , w h ois t h u s . e n g a g e d , i n .. th e a t t a i n m e n t - . o f h i s O b je ct. I n s h o r t ,it is G o d w h o b r e a t h e s i n to th e h e a r t o f m e n n e w p o i n ts o f w i s-d ora a n d k n o w l e d g e , f o r A h n i g h t y .G od k n o w s t h a t i t i s . H ef r o m W h o m t h e a s s i s t an c e is s o u g h t t h o u g h h e s e ek e r m a y b eu n a w a r e o f i t. I f , a s s t a te d a b o v e , t h e s ea r c h i s m a d e a n da s si st an c e s o u g h t w i t h a ' ce r ta in k n o w l e d g e o f t h e t r u e G u i d ea n d a c e r t a i n ~ b e l i e f in H i s e x i s t e n c e , i t is d e v o u t p r ay e r a sr eq u ir ed b y : th e h o ly w 0 r d o f G o d . B u t i f t h e s e a rc h f o r t r u e i g h t ! d e g e n e r a t e s i n t o a . s e a r c h - o m e a n s . 1)y d e e p c o n s i d e r -a t i on a n d r ef le c ti on , a n d th e s o u r c e f r o m w h i c h . t h a t l i g h tc o m e s is n o t r e c o g n i z e d ; i t is a p r a y e r o v e r - w h i c h t h e v e i lOf i g n o r a n c e i s d r a w n .

( C o n t i n u e d o n t h e b o t t o m o f t h e - n e x t p a g e ~ " -


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8 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

Th e S p ir i tu a l A s p ec t o f I s la mS i r M d ;. Z a f r u l l a K h a n , K . C . S . I .

. . . . .N o n - M o s l e m s c h o l a r s as w e ll a s h o s t i l e c r i t i c s o f I s la ma s s e r t t h a t i s l a m p a y s v e r y l i t t le a t t e n t io n m m a t t e r s s p i r i tu a l .a n d . t h a t i t l a y s u n d u e S t re s s o n m e r e e e r e n u m i e s . T h i s t h e ya l l e g e is a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f a ll p r i m i t i v e f o r m s oJ- r e l ig i o n . A 'ta t i m e w h e n h u n l a n i n t e l l e c t w a s i n i t s s t a g e o f i n f a n c y a n dn o . g r e a t p h i l o s o p h i c t r u t h s h a d b e e n . d i' s c o v er e d, i n a n ' s p e r -c e p t i o n c o uJ d n o t t ' r a ve l b e v o m I o u t w a r d a p p e a r a n c e s a n d t hem a t e r i a l t h i n g s b y w h i c h h e w a s s u r r o u n d e d , a n d h e; t h e r e f o re ,t r i e d to :;w i n ( ; o d ' s p l e a s u r e b v m e r e c e r e m o n i a l a n d o u t w a r da c t s o f w o r s h i p . T h i s i.~ t h e r e a s o n x v hv a ll o l d r e li .~ i o n s a r e tfll

~ I t is , t h e r e f o r e . d e a r t h ' a t p r a y e r h a s t h e p r e c e d e n c e o v e rm e a n s a n d t h a t i t , i s m l e s s e n t i a l s t e 1 ) .f o r e v e r y p e r s o n w h o:.e ts a n v o l , i e c t l) e f, ,r e h i m s e l f . E v e r y o n e w h o s~ /e ks t o g 'a ina n e n d m u s t p a s s o v e r t h is b r id g e . T o se t p r a y e r in o p po -" : ; i t im l to m e a n s is t h e h e i g h t o f a b s u r d i t y . . \ V h e n w e p r a y : t o( ;o d W e o n l y s u p p l i c a te t h e : \ l m i g h t y B e i n g . w h o h a s s u p e r i o rk n o w l e d g e o f t h e s u b t l e s t a n d m o s t h i d d e n m e a n s . t o i n f u s ei n to o u r m i n d s s o m e s u i ta b l e a n d p r o p e r l f la n , o r b y H i s c re -a t i+ e p o w e r to l ) r in g . i n t o e x i s t a n c e s o m e p l a n w h i c h c a n b r i n g :. a l 'o u t t h e o b j e c t t h a t i s b ef in :e .us. M e a n s . t h e r e f o r e / a r e n o to p p o s e d t o p r a y e r b u t a re s u l t o f th e m . M o r e v e r . i ts t h i s c lo sec o n n e c t i o n b e t ] v e e n 1 h e a r t s a n d p r a y ' e r i s e s t a b l i s h e d b v t h el a w s o f n a t u r e , h u m a n n a t u r e a l s o b e a r s w i t n e s s to it . - I t ] s n o tcm lv t o m e a n s a nt l r e m e d i e s t h a t t h e n a t u r e o f m a n t u r n s ind i s e a s e a n d d i s t r e s s , i m t i t a l s o s~ek:s a r e l i e f i n a h n s a n di w a y er r A g l a n c e a t t h e d i f f e r e n t n a t i o n s o f t h e w o r l d e s ta b -l is h e s t h e u n i v e r s a l i t v o f t h i s ru le .; R e s o r t i n g t o : p r a y e r i s.t 'h e r e fo r e , a s w e l l a i -~ q u i r em e n t o f h u m a n n a t u r e a s t h e s e e k -i n g o f m e a n s , a n d b o t h t h es e m e t h o d s f o r t h e a t t a i n m e n t - o fa n e n d a r e . l i k e tw i n b r o t h e r s . t h e b e n e f a c t o r s o f t h e h u m a nr a ce . . P r a y e r o p e n s t h e W a y t o m e a n s , a n d tl{ e s e a r c h O f m e a n s .c al l s f o r p r a y e r . T h e t r u e s u cc e s s a n d p r o s p e r i t y o a m a nlie i n t h i s t h a t b e fo r e r e s o r t i n g t o m e a n s . . h e S h o u l d r e s o r tt o p r a y e r a n d s e e k a s s i s t a n c e f r o m t h e t r u e G i v e r o f a ll K if ls .s o t h a t b e i n g f ed f r o m " th at s o u r c e o f l ig h { - h e m a y f i n d t h eh e s t a n d m o s t s u i t a b le p l a n s . :" ( , ; ~ y y a m u s - S u l h )


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T H ' E M O S L E M S U N . R I S E 9

o f r i tu a l a n d C e re m o n i e s. I n I s l a m t o o w e f i n d t h a t g r e a t s t r e s sh a s b e e n la i d u p o n t h e l ) e H o r m a n c e o f c e r e m o n i e s .T h e r e a r e f o u r p r a c t ic a l p i l la r s , a s t h e y a r e c a l l ed , o f I s l a m .v iz ., p r a y e r ( S a l a t ) , f a s ts , p i l g r i m a g e t o " M e c c a , an~ d t h e l e g a la lm s ( Z a k a t ) : a l l t h e r e a r e o u t w a r d p h y si ca l a c t s a n d s o m u c hs t re s s is la i d u p o n t h e m t h a t t h e o m i ss i~ m o f a n y of:: them:rcn=

. . . . . T hd e r s - a M o s l e m s l a ~ th m q ) e r ~ e c t. \ \ . a t s p i r i t u a l b e n e f i t , i t m a yb e a s ke d , c a n b e d e r i v e d f r o m c e r ta i n p r e s c r ib e d m o v e m e n t sa t c e rt a i n p r e s c r i b e d h o u r s o f t h e d a y , o r f r o m s t a r v i n g d urin g"c e r ta i n s e a s o n s o f t h e y e a r . o r f r o m v i s i t in g c e r t a i n s p o ts o nc e r t a i n o c c a s i o n s ; o r . f r o m p a y i n g o u t a f i x e d s un i w i t h i n ap r e s c r i b e d p e r i o d o f t i m e ? D i f f e r e n t p e o l ) !e , i t is a l l e g e d , livin.,,Zu n d e r a v a r i e t y o f c i rc u m s t a n c e s a n d c o n d i t io n s .ca n, i f n e c -e s sa ry , f r a m e r u le s a n d r e ~ f l a t io n s c o n d u c i v e t o w a r d s th e i rr e s p e c t i v e m a t e r i a l a n d s p i r it u a l p ro g r/~ ss . I t i s n o t n e c e s s a r yt h a t a l l c o u n t r ie s , a g e s a n d c o n d i t i o n s s h o u l d b e s u b j e c t e d t om a e u n i f o r m c od e. B e s i d e s l a ll t h es e i w e s c r ib e d a c ts a r e m e r ef o r m s w i t h o u t a n y s p i r i tu a l m e a n i n g in~ t h e m . a n d a l t h o u g hp e r h a p s , n e c e s s a r y in t h e c a se o f a p r i m i t iv e p e o p le , C a n h a v en o s ig n i f i c an c e f o r t h e e n f i g h t e n e d ra .ces, o f m a n k i f i d . F o ri n s ta n c e , w e s e e t h a t d i f fe r e n . t r e l i g i o n s i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e i re v o lu t i o n h a v e c o m p le te ly d i s c a r d e d o u t w a r d f o r m s a n d h a v er e t a i n e d t he ir : s p i r it u a l m e a n i n g . " . . .T a k e t h e c a s e o f J u d a i s m . T h i s . g r e a t . r e l ig i o n in it s in~f an c v w a s a m a s s o f f o r m s a n d c e r e m o n i e s , :b u t a s i t p ro - g r e s s e d t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f m e r e f o r m a l i t i e s w a s le ss a n d le ssi ns is te d u p o n . T h e s t u d y o f t he . B i b l e r e v e a l s : t he f a c t t h a ta f l / e r M o s e s , e a c h s u c c e e d i n g p r o p h e t l a i d l es s a n d l es s s t r e s su p o n o u t w a r d f o r m s a n d d i r e c t e d i~ eo ple 's a t t e n t i o n m o r e a .ndm o r e t o w a r d s s p ir it u a l m a t t e rs , t i l l i n t h e t im e o f - J e s u sC h r i s t t h e g r e a t e s t s tr es s w a s l a i d u p o n th e d o c t r i n e t h a t o u t -w a r d f o r m s a r e b u t e m p t y n o t h i n g s , a n d t h a t p u r i ty o f h e a r tis t h e o n l y : o b j e c t t o b e a ~m e d at] ~ P r a y e r a.nd f a s t i n g b e l o n gt o t h e - s p i r i t r a t h e r t h a n t o t h e b o d y , a n d r ea l s u c c e s s lie s inl , u r i fy i n g t h e m i n d a n ti in e s t a b l i s h in g a n d m a i n t a i n i n g r i g h t -r e la t io n s w i t h G o d a n d M a n . ": " "T h e n e x t g r e a t r e l i g i o n i s H i n d u i s m . H e r e ~ o o w e f in de v o l u t io n o n s i m i l a r ,l in es . I n i t s p r i m j t i v e s t a g e t h is r e l i g io n,,was e n v e lo p e d in f o r m s a n d c e r e m o n i e s , b u t g r a d u a l l y . i t b e g apt o p r o g r e s s , t i l l i f i t h e t i m e o f B u d d h a - i t w a s p ro ~z la im e d t h a to u t w a r d r i t u a l w a s n o t h i n g , a n d th a t . i n n e r p u r i ty w a s t h eo n ly tr u e a i m o f r e l i g i o n .

T h e . t h i r d ,~ re at r e l i g i o n is t h t . r e l i g i o n o f Z o r o a s t e r .


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10 THE MOSLE M SUNRI SE

w h i c h , a l t h o u g h i t h a s b e e n p u s h e d i n to t h e b a c k g r o u n d inm o d e r n t im e s , o n c e c l a i m e d as m u c h r e s p e c t a n d fo llo w in ,~- a s a n y r e l i g i o n w h i c h h a s s u c c e e d e d it~ I t h e l d s w a y o v e r h a l ft h e w o r ld . A t t h e p r e s e n t d a y r e p r e s e n t e d b y I a h a n d f u l o fd e v o u t P a r s i s , i n b y g o n e a g e s i t c o u n t e d i t s v o t a r i e s b y n ail-l io n s. T h i s g r e a t r e l i g i o n t oo , l a i d g r e a t e m p h a s i s o n v is ib lef o r m s , bu ~ s l o w l y t h e s p i r i t a l o n e b e c a m e t h e o b j e c t o f. a l l s o-l ic i t u de l a n d m e r e r i t u a l w a s t o a g r e a t e x t e n t d i sc a rd e d -A l l t h i s i s b o r n e o u t b y t h e d o c t r i n e o f .E v o l u ti o n . I f , o nt h e o t h e r h a n d , w e s t u d y _ t h e d o w n f a l l o f r e l ig i o n s , w e a r r iv ea t a p a r a l l e l c o n c l u s i o n , v i z ., t h a t w i t h t h e d e c l i n e o f a r e l i g i o no u t w a r d f o r m s b e g i n t o a s se r t t h e m s e l v e s m o r e a n d m o r e , ti lln o t h i n g is le f t b u t t h e m e r e o u t e r shel.l o f r it u al . T h e d e c l i n eo f t h e J e w i s h . H i n d u a n d P a r s i f a i th s f u r n i s h e s i n s ta n c e s o ft h is ru le . T h e d e g e n e r a t i o n o f C h r i s t i a n i ty i n th e M i d d leA g e s f u r t h e r s tr e n ,~ t h e n s t h is c o n c lu s i o n . I n .th e p r o g r e s s a n dd e c l in e o f t h e H i n d u r e l ig i o n w e c a n v e r y . c l e a rl y t r a c e th e se -s ta g e s , v iz ., t h e p r i m i t iv e s ta g e , i. e . t h e s t a g e o f f o r m sa n d r i t u a l , t h e a d v a n c e d s t a g e , i. e . - t h e s t a g e O f s p i r i tu a l p r o g - .r e ss , a n d f in a l ly t h e S t a g e o f d e c a d e n c e , i . e . t h e s t a g e o f r e-v e r s i o n t o l e m p f y f o r m s a n d c e r e m o n i e s ; T h e s e obser~cafio.nsl e a d u s ~ -n -ev ita bly t o t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t c o n f o r m i t 3 ; t o o t lt -w a r d f o r m i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p r i n f i t i v e s t a g e : o f c i v i l i z a -t i o n ; a n d t h a t " w ith t h e a d v a n c e o f c i v i li z a t io n a n d p r o g r e s s io u t w a r d c o n f o r m i t y is r e q u i r e d o n l y 0 f a p e o p l e w h o p o ss es s . .a p r i m i t iv e i nt e l le c t, a n d w h o a r e ~ n c a pa b le 6 f g r a s p i n g a b-s t r a c t s p i r i t u a l t r u t h s : H e n c e t h e s t e s s w h i c h I s l a m l a y s up o nf o r m a l i t i e s s h o w s th a ~ t h i s r e l i g i o n w a s . s u i t e d o n l y t o t h e ~-p r i m i t i v e c o n d i t i 0 n o f t h e A r a b s a t t h e t im e o f i t s a p p e a ra n c e ,a n d t h a t i t i s t o t a l l y u n s u i t e d t o t h e n e e d s a n d r e q u i r e m e n t s !o f t h i s a g e o f c i v il iz a t i o n a n d p r o ~ r e ss , w h e r e i n t h e p u r i tyo f t h e so u l is r e g a r d e d a s t h e o n ly t r u e a i m o f r e l i g io n . T h e !r e s u l t o f t h i s is t h a t e v e n a m o n g t h e M o h m m f ia d a n .s th ere , h as_ .s p r u n g u p. a c la ss w h o d o n o t x :iew t h e s e " o u t w a r d f o rn l s ,"a s t h e y c a l l t h e m , w i t h a n y r e sp e c t .S0m .e y e a r s a g o a M o h a m m a d a n g r a d u a t e g a v e e x p re s -s io n t o t h e s e i d e a s i n a n . a r t i c le w h i c h h e s e n t f o r p u b l i c a t io nto v a r i o u s p a pe rs . H e p o i n te d o u t t h a t a b lu t io n ( W u z u ) ,p r a y e rs , f as ts , t h e p i lg r i m a g e , e tc ., w e r e s u i t e d o n l y t o . t h ec o n d i t i o n o f t h e A r a b s , a n d t h a t t h e y w e r e m e r e s y m b o l s a ndn o m o r e . ,A cC ord in g- t o h i m . t h e H o l y P r o p h e t ( P e a c e ' a n db le s s i ng s o f G o d b e u p o n h i m ) p r e s i z r i b e d t h e s e a c ts m e r e l y t Op o in t o u t t o u s t h e m a n n e r i n w h i c h h e d e s i r e d u s to c o n d u c t


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T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E I 1

o u r s e l v e s , a n d t h a t t h e f o r m p r e s c r i b e d b y I s l a m f o r t h e s ea c t s pos s e s se d no s pe c ia l v i r t ue . / k s t he A ra b s o f t ha t t im ele d v e r y i r r e g u l a r a n d d i s o r d e r ly li v es a n d h a d t o i d ea o f , o rr e g a r d . f o r , t h e v a l u e o f t i m e ; t h e f iv e d a i l y p r a y e r s w e r e m -s f it u t e d , i n o rde r to~ i n t roduc e , a m on g , t he m . no ti ons o f r e gu -l a r it y a n d p u n c t u a l i t y . . S i m i l a r ly as t h e y w e r e n o t v e r y c le a nin t h e i r h a b i t s, e s p e c i a l l y o w i n g tO t h e s c a r c i t y o f w a t e r , r e g u -l ar a b l u ti o n s a n d o t h e r o r d i n a n c e s c o n c e r n i n g p h y s i c a l p u r i t y ,w e r e e n j o i n e d o n h y g i e n i c p r in c ip le s. ! n t h i s e n l i g h t e n e d t w e n -t i e t h c e n t u r y , h o w e v e r , c i v i l i z e d p e o p l e g o r e g u l a r l y - t h r o u g hthe i r dM !y ~ ab lu tions . a nd ba th s , a n d t h e y t he re f o r e do n o ts ta n d i n n e ed o f - a n y r e l i g io u s o r d i n a n c e c o n c e r n i n g t he s e m a t -te rs . A g a i n , a l l e d u c a t e d p eo ple a r e n o t f u l ly a li ve t o th e" v a lu e o f t im e . b u t t h e i r t i m e is g e n e r a l l y s o u s e f u l l y o c c u p ie da n d the)" h a v e s o m a n y e n g a g e m e n t s t o ke ep , t h a t t h e fiv ed a i l y p r a y e r s a r e m e r e s u p e r f lu i ti e s. I f , h o w e v e r ; p r a y e r i s c on -.s i d e r e d a s a b s o l u t e l y e s s e n t i a l , t h e o p e n i n g a n d c o n c l u d i n g: g ra c es a t m e a l s s h 0 u l d s u f f i c e t o r e c o n ci le m a n t o h i s M a k e r .A t t h e t im e . o f t he a d v e n t o f " I s l a m , o r i e n t a l m o n a r c h s in -sis te d- u p o n t h e i r s u b j e c t s p r o s t r a t i n g t h e m s e l v e s . b ef o re t h e m ,so t h a t p r o s t r a t i o n w a s c o n si de re d , a s t h e s y m b o l o f a b s o lu t es u b m i s s io n a n d h u n f i li ty . T h e r e f o r e . w a s a M o s l e m r e q u i r e dto p r o s t r a t e h i m s e lf , b e f o r e G od , t h e K i n g - o f K i n g s . T h eO r i e n t a l d r e s s o f f e r i n g n o - i n c o n v e n i e n t h i n d r a n c e s t o th e p e r-f o r m a n c e o f t h is f e a t a n d O r i e n t a l l i m b s b e i n g s up p le e n o u g ht o g o t h r o u g h s uc h ev olu tio n s, p r o s tr a t i o n b ec am e t h e p r ~ n -c ip a l f e a t u r e o f M O s l e m p r a y e r s . G r e a t d i ff ic u l ti e s a n d i n -c on v en ie nc es , h o w e v er , a t t e n d t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f t h is g y m -n a s t i c , f e a t in m o d e r n so c ie ty . M o d e r n - S o v e r e i g n s n o lo n g e rr e g a r d p r os tr .a ti 0n a s a n e s se n ti al p a r t o f t h e h o m a g e d u e t oth e m , a n d f a s h i o n a b l e t r o u s e r s n o l o n g e r a d n f i t o f p r o s t r a t i o nb e in g p e r f o r l n e d w i t h o u t d i s r e g a r d o f t h e ir s a f e t y a n d a sac-rif ic e o f d e ce n c y o n t h e p a r t o f t h e : w e a r e r . . E v e n i f a p a i r o fm o d e r n E n g l i s h t r o u s e r s c o uld s t a n d t h e s t r a i n o f h a l f a d o ze n0 r t h o d 0 x s a j d a s , t h e y w o u l d C e r t a in l y : b e d i s to r t e d o u t o f a l l .. s h a p e a n d p r o p o r t i o n a n d w o u l d b e c o m e a b s o l u t e l y u n f i t t oa p p e a r i n d e c e nt s o c ie ty r o u n d t h e l o w e r , l im b s o f a n y s e l f -r e s p e c t i n g m em l~ er t h e r e o f . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e r e s i s t a n c e o f -f er ed b y o n e ' s t ro u s er s , t h e r e . i s t h e w a n t o f . s u pp le n es s o fl im b - w h i c h c a n o n l y b e a c q u i re d , b y t h e C o n s ta n t . us e o f t h ec a r p e t o n th e f l o o r , a s a s u b s t i t u t e f o r - q h a i r s . T h e s t if f n e s s o f .t h e j o i n t s b o r n o f C h a i r s a n d s o f as r e n d e r t h e s a jd a , t h er e fo r e ,a . phys ica l imposs ib i l i ty .


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1 2 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E - I

% im il~ u'ly , t h e r e i s n o s e n s e i n s t a r v i n g f o r a f i x e d p e r i o dd u i - i n g t h e y e a l '. T o k e e p u p t h e s y m l )o l o f f a s t s i h o w e v e r , it. ,i s e n o u g h i f d u r i n g R a m a z a n o n e r e d u c e s t h e n u m b e r o f m e a l s .L i g h t 1 -e f(e sh m e la tS S h o u l d - n o t b e o b j e c t e d t o d u r i n g t h e p e -r io d o f t h e f a s t . T h e p i l g r i m a g e to M e c c a , c o u l d W ith a d-v a n t a g e b e r e p la c e d 19~: c o m l m l s o r v a t t e n d a n c e a t t h e a n n u a lS e s s i o n s o f t - h e E d u c a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e a n d t h e L e a g u e D o -f l a t io n s to th e , .~ l ig a r t h C o lle ge ~ t h e M o h a n u n a d a r l U n i v e r s it y "a n d o t h e r n a t i o n a l i n s t i tu t i o n s c o u l i i t a k e t h e p l a ce o f , z a ka t .T h i s is h o w a .M o d er n M o s le m g r a d u a t e i n t e r p r e t s t h e S y m -b o l s ," a s h e c a ll s t h e m , l w e s c r i b e d b y " t h e Q n r a n a n d t h e H o l y . :P r o p h e t . , . iA l t h o u g h o n h - o n e m a n h a s b ee n b 0 1 d e n o u g h to g iv eo p e n e x p r e s s i o n t o s u ch i de a s , u n f o r t m m t e l 3 t t h e r e a r e t h o u -s a n d s o f M o s l e m s w h o s e t h o u g h t s r u n i n t h e s a m e c h a n n e l 'l in t w h o s e f e a r o f Im b l ic o p i n io n p r e v e n t s t h e m f r o m a n o p e np r o f e s s i o n o f t h e m . I t / i s c le at- , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t t h i s a s p e . c t o ft h e q u e s t i o n is n o t o n l y d w e l t u p o n b y h o s t i l e c r i t i c s l in t i s a l s o .a g i t a t i n g t il e 1 h in d s o 'f m a n y t h o u g h t f l f l M o s l e m s th e m s e l v e s .S o m e o f t h e s e l a t t e r h a v e / p ~ : a c t . i c a i l v r e n o u n c e d a l l c o n n e c t i o nw i t h , a n d a l l i n ; t e re s t /i n , t h e l m r e l y r e l i g i o u s s i d e o f t h e f a i t h ,w h o s ti l l t 'ee l a n - a f f e c t i o n a t e r e g a r d f o r th e f a i t h i~uld o t h e r so f t h e i r f o r e f a t h e l - s , e i t h e r t h r o u g h l o n g a s s o c ia t io n , o rt h r o u g h h a b i t i o r a s . t h e r e s u l t o f a I m r e lv n a t i o n a l s e n t i m e n t , iem lflO v t h e m s e h ' e s i n in v e n t i n g e x c u s e s . a n d e x p e d i e n t s w h i c hw o u l d m e e t t h e se a n d s i m i l a r o b j e c t i o n s o n t h e p a r t o f n o t >.M o sle m s a n d v e t r e t a in a s e m b l a n c e o f t h e I s l a n f ic p r a c ti c es~ r d a ii a ed b(" tla e Q u r a n a n d t h e H o l y l ? r o p h e t . A i l i0 n g . t !a i s !l a t t e r c l a s s m a y b e c o u n te d th~ y o u n g m a n w h o s e v i ew s I h a v ee x p l a i n e d a b o v e . - . ,H i s viexx~ is. t h a t a l l t h e s e p r a c t i c e s a r c m e r e " s y m b o l s . "a n d t h a t , k e e p i n g t~heir o b je c t m v i e w , w e a r e a t p e r f e c t l ib e r t yto d e v is e ru l e s o f c o n d u c t a n d p r a c t i c e w h i c h s h o u l d a c c o i i lw i t h t h e c o n d i t i o n s a n al " c i r c u m s t an c e s u n d e r w h i c h w e a r e :n o w l i v i n g . . . . .T h e t r u t h o f t h e n m t t e r , h m v e v e r , i s t h a t n e i t h e r t h ee n c n f i e s n o r t h e s e s o - c a l le d a d v o c a t e s o f I s l a m h a v e r e a l l y !i11- " id e r s to o d , o r m a d e a n y s e r i o u s a t t e m p t a t u n d e r s t a n d i n g th e }S l f ir itu a l m e a n i n g w h i c h is h i d d e n i n e v e r y o r d i n a n c e o r p ra e - !r ic e e n j o i n e d b y I s l a m . T h e v e r y s a m e d t 'm t i- in e s o f e v o l u t io na n d d e c l in e f r o n t w h i c h t h e y hax~ e d r a w n t h e i r c o n c l u s i o n s o f :f e r a c o i n p l e t e r e f u t a t i o n o f t h o s e c o f ic l u si o n s . N o t . a s i n g l e it : e lig io n w h i c h h a s s uc c ee d e d in r e i ' o r m i n g - t h e m o r a l s o r in

o


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T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 1 3

elevating the spiritual condition of anysection Of mankind hasever been free from these external physical acts of worship.The different stages through which a religion passes and which have been instanced in suplmrt Ofthe- theory under discussion,illustrate one aspect of religion and giving undue prominenceand attaching undue importance to the other. \Vhere degenera-tion has resulted from too great subservience to forms, thereason has not been th e mere observance of forms and theirretention as pa r t of the practice .of the faith, but their ac-ceptance as an end in themselves, and .the complete neglect ofthe spiritual aspect of religion. On the other hand, it. has notbeen found possible to dispense complete ly with-external actseven during periods of th.e highest spiritual.progress.Besides, there is a vast difference between }he elementary"teaching of Isl am and those Of othe r religions. The study ofthe Zend-Avesta, the Vedas, or the Bible, reveals such minuteand dei:ailed regulations concerning the smallest affairs of life,th at a Mohammadan, being unaccusto!ned to such details, be-" gins to wonder how fettered an existence th e followers of thosehooks must have led. For instance, the book of Exodus, Chap-9 ~ers _., to 31 . contains such detailed instructions concerningthe building Of the.temple, the kinds -of wood to. be employed indifferent parts, the quality, colour and te xt ur e of -t he clothsand tapestries, the adormnent of the altar, the ark. the mercyseat. the tables, the candlesticks, the curtains;. the boards andbars, the garments of the priests, the holy-garments and orna--ments for-Aaron and his sons and mmlerous o ther matters ofthe like_nature, that one is absolutely bewildered, anti marvelswhat -ext raordinary memories Moses and his .followers musthave possessedto renaember and carry out to th e letter al lthesecommands. Similarly, there are ins(ructions about the proper- performance and offering o f t he different kinds and modes of-worship and kindred subjects. The Zend-Aves ta prescribesrnles ev en for the preservation of water and the-. ending ofthe Holy Fire. In short, the visible forms-and external actspresc.ribedbylSlam are so fewand so definite that an averageMohammadan accustomed to the regmlar 1)erformance.of allthe duties laid down by his faith. would begin to find life tooheavy a bin-den if asked to conform to-all the rules set downby an3: o f t h e books mentioned above. -.

It is quitewrong to say that Islam lays.undue-stress t,"mere forms. -NO doubt, Islam too has retained visible formsas parts of its practice, but only on occasions When, and to an


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1 4 . . T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

extent to which, their observance leads tostone physical or.spiritual benefit. For instance in Salat, fasts, pilgrimage andthe legal ahns, :v is ibleforlns have been adopted 0n!y as far.as they are conducive: to spiritnal progress or the good of.humanity at large.Let us first take Salat. In order to complete his Salat, aMoslem must perform the Wuzu , (ablutions) and then- sa y hisprayers in cert~fin defined attitudes. Now \Vuzu is a purifi-cation of certain external organs, viz., the mouth,i the nose,the face, the head~ the arms and hands and the feet.: No doubt,there are many Moslems who habitually live in a state of ir -reproachable cleanliness, and it might be urged, that:whatever-the necessity Or the benefit o f Wuzu in the case of those whosehabits are not as cleanly as one would desire, it is clearly a su-perfluity in the case of those to.wh0se purification it can .addnothing. But apart from the fact that ls lamcon ta ins ordin-ances alike for the rich and for the poor, for the tidy and forthe untidy, the promotion .of physical cleanliness is no t- theonly object of Vfuzu. so tha t the tidiest Moslem can der ive asmuch spiritual benefitlfr0m it as the most untidy. The washingof all those organs w hi ch le ad .a man towards-sin indicatesthat prior to presenting himself before God, the worshipermust wash off all immoral, stains, and must' make himself asclean morally ~as the-Wuzu renders him physically. All hissins originate with the hands, feet; eyes, nose and the mouth,.and ;the ordinance enjoining a thorough cleaning of these, or-gans equires symbolically, as it were, absolute moral purityon the part o f the worshipper. As in XcVuzu he renioves everyimpurity from these limbs, so he must purify-then1 by. res-.training them from all sin fu l acts.Again it isan established fact that our thoi~ghts are con-stantly fowing out th rough ou r hands; feet, nose, mouths, etc..thus causing' a constant, disturbance. This f a c t ha s been il-lustrated by,a French Scientist in a .very a m u s i n g - a n d i n -structive manner. H e has invented an instrmnent, cal led"the Planchette, which may be roughl y described as a slate ona wheel with a pencil attached t o i t ; and this instrumenl~ canby a very simple process rec or dth e thoughts of the operator.One has simply, to place the tips of one' s fingers very iighfl);on the surface of the slate to enable .it to record the thoughtwhich is uppermost in one's mind. Now this constant flow ofthoughts Can only be checked-by wetting the limbs with water,

. (C O n t i nu e d o n t h e b o t t o m O f t h e n e x t p a g e ) "


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T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 1 5

The .Pa le s t ine Prob lemBy .S t d i M , R . B e n g a l e e

I I .P a l e s t i n e , w h i c h l is k n o w n a s t h e H o l y l a n d , h a s b e ent u r n e d i n t o .a n u n h o l y l a n d , o n a c c o u n t o f - t h e V i ole nt: s t ri fe ,

t er ro r is m a n d b l o o d sh e d w h i c h h~ive e x i s t e d t h e r e f o r s o m e: t i m e p a s t. I t s f u t u r e is u n c e r t a i n a n d U n p r e d ic t ab l e. -T he~t r e n d o f e v e n t s .is d r i f t i n g s w i f t l y : fr o m b a d t o w o r se .T h e B r i t i s h g o v e r n m e n t h a s c r e at e d t h i s :. m i s e r a b le si t-u a t i o n b v S e l l in g t o t w o p eo ple , o ne h o r s e w h i c h d i d n o t.. ac tu a l ly l~elong to them . T he Pee l Co m m iss ion w h ic h p roposedt h e p a r t i t i o n p l a n , i n s te a d o f s o l v in g t h e p r o b le m , h a s a g -g r a v a te d i t t r e m e n do u sly . B o t h t h e J ew s a n d t h e A r a b sa r e d is s at is fi ed w i t h t h e s c he m e . T h e r e s e n t m e n t a r o u s e d b yc old w a t e r p r o v i n g a m o s t ef fe c ti ve r em e d y . I n m o m e n t s o fe x c it em e n t a n d d i s tu r b a n c e o f t h e m i n d , C o ld w a t e r a b lu t i on sr e s t o r e o n e t o a b s o l u t e t r a n q u i l i t y , a n d b r i n g a b o u t t h a t s t a t eo f. c a lm n e s s a n d . r ep o s e w i t h o u t w h i c h m a n s h ri fl k s f r o m v e n -t u r i n g in to th e pre se nc e o f h i s M a k e r . T h e H 0 1 y P r o p h e t( P e a c e a n d b l e s s i n g s o f G o d b e u p o n h i m ) h a s a l s o r e c o m -m e n d e d t h e u s e o f c 01 d w a t e r f o r a b l u ti o n siT h e s e a r e o n l y a f e w o f t h e b e n e f it s t o b el d e r i v e d f r o m\ V u z u .- b u t th e y a l e e n o u g h t o p ro v e t h a t i t is n o t a m e r e e m p t yf o r m . T h e f i v e d a l l y a b h !t io n s e n j o in e d b y I s la m , n o t o n l yp r o m o t e p h y s i c a l cl ea n li ne s s, b u t th e m e n t a l r ep o s e i n d u c edb y t h em e n ab le s a m a n to g o t h r o u g h h i s d a i l y t a s k p a ti e n tl y ,c h e e r f u l l y a n d w i t h o u t i r r i t a t i o n . - . T h e h y g i e n i c b e n e f i t s o fW u z u , h ow e ve i-, a r e . n o t n e g l ig i b le e i t h e r . I t c a n w i t h c o nf i-d e n c e , b e a s s e r t e d t h a t a M o s l e m w h o i s r e g u l a r i n h i s f i v ed a i ly p r a y e r s, e x h i b it s a f a r . h i g h e r s t a n d a r d . o f p e r s o n a lc le a nl in e ss t h a n t h e m a j o r i t y o f E u r o p e a n s in S i m i la r w a l k so f l i fe . I nd e ed , t h e i n tr o d u ct io n o f c o m p u l s o r y W u z u a m o n gce r t a in Sec tions o f~ ith popu la t ion , o f E ur op e w ou ld r e su l t i nt h e i r l e a d in g :c le an er p u r e r a n d h a p p i e r l iv es t h a n t h e y a r e . a tp r e s e n t d o i n g. ( T o - b e . c o u t i n u e d ~ i n t h e n e x t i s s u e ) " "


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16 THE Mos LEM SUN RIS E

the proposal among the Moslems throughout the world can1)e noted from the :following quotations.

Sit- M. Zafrullah Kahn, a great Indian Moslem statesman:the member of the ExecutiveCouncil Of th e vi ce ro y of India.. , - d "in an address, delivered m a comnuttee room of the House ofLords irf England. said in part:

"I t must be remembered." the speaker c~0ntinued, "thatPalestine was not a conquered country in the ordinarY sense.I ani afraid there was too nmch inclination in certain quartersto say that Palestine was a conquered country and should bedisposed of in a manner considered most sui tabM. Britishand Arabs had combined in Palestine to put an end to Turkishru le there, but it Could not be Said that the British conqueredi t "

"Although Britian stood committed to Jewish pledges therewas nothing , apart f rom constitutional interpretation. , whichnecessarily indicated a i:arving out of a Jewish state in Pales-tine. That w~s an idea, however, long it mi ght have been inthe minds of Jewish leaders, that came into promine.nce 0nlysince the report of the RoYal "Commission."

"It was not an isolated questio13 affecting Jews and Arabsin Palestine, it was a matter that concerned Jews and Arabsall over the world. It Was bound, though the British Presshad not fully realized it, to become one of those ideals around-which the ~;hole of the Mos|em world would rally.. Mosletilsregarded it ahnost as an article o f faith, that the Ho lyLandshould not be Subiect to any rule other than Moslem rule."

- . ; " - . , .(Statesman)Ataturk has been reported by the Turkish paper Hakam-iate-mullia to have spoken before the .Turkish Parl iament.

"We are prepared to shed o,ur blood .to Carry out the lastwish of the PlTophet t h a t t h e Hol):-land mtist always remainin possession and control of Mu,slims. With. reliance on God's. Grace we are powerful enough to make this declaration thatTurk will not permit foreig-n possessioii -and con tro l over a_ . land for whose sake their ancestors under the lea de rs hi po fSalauddin fo:ught against the Christians.""We are ngt cer ta in that if. Eu.rope took:any step in. the


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T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E . 1 7

d i r e c t i o n o f t a k i n g p o s s e s s i o n - a n d c o n tr .o l l i ng Of H o l y l a n d ,t h e n t h e w h o l e I s la n f ic w o r l d w i ll b e r o u s e d . t o a c t i o n . " ( I s l a mS e v a : S a l p a j )

" W e t h e M u s l im m e m b e r s , o f th e C e n t r a l L e g i s l a t u r e r e p -r e s e n t i n g e v e r y s h a d e O f M u s l i m o l ) i n i o n i n I n d i a h a v e b e e nf o l lo w i n g t h e e v e n t s in P a l e s t in e m O st p a i n f ld l y . O u r A r a bb r e t h r e n h a v e o u r c o rd ia l s y m p a t h y in t h e g re a t f ig h t a g a i n s th e a v y o d d s to s a f eg -u a rd t h e i r l e g i t i m a t e r i g h t s a n d s av e t h eh o l y ' l a n d s f r o m Z i o n i s t a g g r e s s io n , T h e p a r t i t i o n o f P a l e s :t i ne is U n t h i n k a b le a n d h i g h l y r e V o l t in g to t h e M u s l i m W o r l d . : '' ~ ' 7 ~ Y\ e d e m a n d ' t h a t t h e w h o l e o f P a l e s t i n e b e h a n d e d o v e rto A r a b s . t h e s on s o f - t h e so il a n d t h e m a n d a t e b e e n d e d a s "in I r a q . A r a b s m u s t b e a l l o w e d t o e n j o y s e l f -d e t e r m i n a t i o n .a n d .5 o rm t h e i r o w n d em o c r a ti c . G o v e r n m e n t , T h e p r e s e n tr e p re s s iv e a n d p r o - J e w i s h p o l i c y m u s t b e s to p p e d f o r t h w i t h :o t h e r w i s e t h e r e is g r e a t d a n g e r o f B r i t i a n l o s i n g - i t s f r i e n d l y

p o s i ti o n i n t h e M u s l i m w o r l d ? " . ( Is la m .. . S e v a - S a l a j ) . B r a t , s" A d r i v e f o r a M o h a m m e d a n u n i t e 4 f r o n t a g a in s t " " " hi m p e r i a l i s m " W a s . l a u n c h e d in L o n d o n t o n i g h t a t t h e f i r s tp u bl i c m e e t i n g o f ' t h e M u s l i m S o c ie ty : o f G r e a t B r i t a i n top r o te s t a g a i n s t t h e B r i t i s h g o v e r n m e n t ' s s c h e m e f o r t h e p a r -

t i t i o n o f P a l e s t i n e . - . - -S i r E r n e s t : B e n n e t , n a t i o na l . L a b o r i t e n a e m b e r o f p a r l i a -m e n t w a s c h a i r m a n o f t h e m e e ti ng , , w h i c h r e c o r d e d s u p p o r t

o f w o r l d M o s l e m s f o r t h e A r a b c a u se i n P a l e s t in e . "" S p e a k e r s d e n o u n c e d t h e B r i t i s h g o v e r n m e n t ' s P a l e s t i n e

s ch e m e , c l a i m i n g P a l e s t i n e b e l o n g e d t o t h e A r a b s a n d - s h o u l db e e n t i r e l y a d m i n i s t e r e d , b y . A r a b : e l e c t e d . . r e p re s en ta t iv e s - . .o ft h e p e o p le . - - " . . . . . . . - "

. .

" B r i t a i n w a s . a c c u s e d o f .o p re ss ~o n i n P a l e s t i n e i n s p e e c h e sw h i c h s t r e s se d a- d e m a n d f o r t h e i n d e p en d e n c .e o f . P a l e s t i n eA r a b r u l e . .U n d e r ' " "

. . . - ." M u s l i m s O f t h e w h o l e w o r l d w i l l f u l l y s u p p o r t t h e c a u s es e a k e r " I f n e ed b e ;. o f - t h e A r a b s i n P a l e s t i n e , " s a id o n e p M o h a i n m e d a n s - s c a t t e r e d a ll o v ec , t h e w o r l d w i l l n m k e P a l -" e s t in e a n is su e,, o n e t h a t - w i l l h a v e to b e : f a c e d b y e v e r y t r u ef a i t h f u l f o l l o w e r o f A l la h . M u s l im s o f t h e W o r ld w i l l f o r mn n p e r m h s m .u n i t e d f r o n t t o f i g h t a g a i n s t B r i t i s h " " " "


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18 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E J

" A r e s o l u t io n c o n d e r f in i ng t h e P a l e s t i n e p o l ic y a n d B r i t i s hg o v e r n m e n t to g r a n t A r a b s a d e m o c r a ti c f o r m o f g o v e r n m e n tw a s m o v e d b y t h e s e c r e t a r y o f t h .e M u s l im .s o cie ty , s e c o n d e d ..b y a n A f g h a n , a S y r i an , a n A r a b , a n - E g y p t i a n , a n - I n d i a n ,a n d a n E n g l i s h m a n . " ( B y D a v i d D a r r a h , C o r re s p on d e n t o ft h e C h i c a g o D a i l y T r i b u n e . )I t. i s b e c o m i n g i n c r e a s i n g l y C le ar t h a t c o n s i d e r i n g t h e s e r-io us c o m p lic a ti on s t h a t e x i s t i n t he N e a r a n d F a r E a s t , P a l -e s ti ne h a s t u r n e d o u t to b e i n c a l c u la b l y s t r a t e g i c f r o m th e- s t a n d p o i n t ,o f B r i t i s h I m p e r i a l i s m . T h e B r i t i s h W ill s e rv et h e i r o w n i n t e r e s t s b es t. to . e n li s t t h e s y m p a t h y , g o o d w i l l, a n df r ie n d s h i p o f t he e n t ir e M o s l e m w o r l d b y . g i v i n g . a f a i r a nda sq u a r e d ea l to th e A ra b s o f th e - H 0 1 y la n d . . . . .I t is in d ee d g r a t i f y i n g to, n o te t h a t G r e a t . B r i t a i n h a s , a t "l ea s t , m o v ed t o r e - co n s i d e r t h e p a r t i t i o n s ch em e , i - eco m m en d edb y t h e R o v a l c o m m i ss io n la s t J u l y . T h e B r i t i s h G o v er n-m e n t r e c e n t l y a n n o u n c e d t h r o u g h a w h i t e p a p e r t h a t t h e y w illso o n s en d a t e ch n i ca l Co m m i ss i.o n t o t h e Ho14 l an d in o r d e r

to s t u d y t h e s i t u . a t i o n . o n t h e s po t. "W e s i n c e re l y h o p e t h a t t h e n e w c o m m i ss io n W il a p p r e c i a t et h e g r a v i t y o f t h e s i t u a ti o n , e x e r c is e e x t r e m e c a u t i o n i n s et-t l i n g t h e p ro b le m a n d h a n d l e . .i t w i t h r e a l w i s d o m - a n d c o ur -a g e . A n y a t t e m p t to p a t c h it u p i s d o o m e d to fa i l u r e . I n -s t e a d , t h e c o m m i s s i o n m u s t c o m e f o r w a r d w i t h a s o l u t i o nw h i c h w i l l h e a l t h e w o u n d ,

I n t h i s c o n n e c t i o n , t h e C o m m i s s i o n n m s t b e a r i n m i n d t h a tt h e o c c u p a t i o n o f P a l e s t i n e b v t h e A r a b s . f o r t h e p a s t t h i r t e e nu n b r e a k a b l e c e n t u r i e s i s e n o u g h to d ec i de t h e m a t t e r i n th e i rf a v o ur . I n a d d i ti o n t o t h a t t h e p r i o r i t y : r i g h t s O f t h e A r a b s re - is u lt in g f ro m th e B r i t is h p le dg e t h r o a g h S i r H e n r y M a c M a h o ns e t t l e s t h e p r o b l e m . . B e s i d e s , w e h a v e b e f o r e u s t h e p r e c e d e n t ss e t b y F r a n c e in g i v i n g lo ca l s e lf = g o v e rn m e n t t o I r a q a n db y G r e a t B r i t a i n t o E g y p t . " I n o t h e r w o rd s, th e o n ly w a y toexe rc i se .j u st ice an d to so lve . t h i s .ve xe d p rob lem to the sa r is - -=f a c t io n o f a ll ju s ti ce ~ l o vi n g p eo ple , w i ll b e t o g r a n t n a t i o n a ls e l f - g o v e r n m e n t t o t h e ~ r a b s o f t h e H o l y -land, i n a c c o r da n c ew i t h d em o cr a t i c l~nesi-,,,~ ,ith t h e m i n o r i t y r i g h t s g r a n t ed t o t h e :Je w s. O th e rw is e, i t xx-~ille v e r r e m a i n a p r o b le m w i [ h o u t S olu -t i o n a n d a s o u r c e o f c o n s t a n t a n d e n d l e s s t r o u b l e s n o t o n l yt o t h e B r i t i s h G o v e r n m e n t b u t t 0 t h e w o r l d .


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T H E M O SL E M SU N R I SE . 19

T h e P r o p h e t D a y : : . . . . .. . . . b y

" M i s s N i n a S t a u f f e r "" . E v e r y y e a r , u n d e r t h e a u sp ic e s o f : t h e A h m a d i y y a M o v e -m e n t i n - I s la m , t h o u s a n d s o f m e e t i n g s a r e h e l d a n d c ou n tl es sl ec tu r es a r e g i v e n a l l o v e r t h e w o r l d, d w e l l i n g o n t h e v a r i o u sa s p e c t s o f t h e l i f e . a n d t e a c h i n g s o f T h e - H o l y P r o p h e t M u -h a m m a d . T h e l a st c e le b ra tio n o f T h e P r o p h e t D a y to o k .p la c eo n t h e 31 s t o f O c t o b e r, 1 9 3 7 . T h e . A m e r i c a n b r a n c h o f t h eA h m a d i y y a M o v e m e n t i n I s l am o b se rv e d th e P r o p h e t D a y

. . . . . .w i th s p l e n d id s u c ce s s m v a r i o u s c e n t e r s o f i t s a c t i v i t ie s s u c ha s P i t t s b u r g , C l e v el an d , In d i a n a p o l i s , K a n s a s C i t y , a n d C h i -c a g o , u n d e r t h e d i r e c t io n O f B uff M . R . B e n g a l e e , . t h e M o s l e m, M i s s io n a r y t o A m er i ca . .T h e p r e se n t w r i t e r w h o a tt e n d e d t h e g r a n d m e e t in g mt he M o s l e m M o s q u e i n C h ic ag o~ gives belowa:descr ipt ion: o fit.. A C o s m o p o l i ta n a u d i e n c e f il le d t h e C h i c a g o M o s q u e t oc a p ac it y. M a n y w e r e f o r c e d t o s[and~ w h i l e o th e r s , w h o a r -r iv e d la t e r , h a d t o le a v e b e c a us e t h e r e w a s n o t r o o m e n o u g ht o acco m m o d a t e th em - . . .S u fi M . R . B e g a l ee e x p l a i n e d to h is a u d i e n c e t h a t P r o p h e td a y w a s o b s e r v e d e a c h y e a r in o r d e r t o a c q u a i n t t h e pe op leW ith th e g r e a t C o n t r i b u ti o n s to h u m a n i t y f o r w h i c h T h e H o l yP r o p h e t M u h a m m a d w a s r es po n sib le , T h e d i r e c t o r o f th e"m e e t i n g d is c u s s e d h o w t h i s o b s e r v a n c e c r e a t e d a s p i r i t .o f a m i t y a n d g o o d - w i ll a m o n g c o m m u n it ie s , b e c a u s e i t w a s a m e a n s o fr e m o v i n g f a ls e b e l i e f s ~-e g ar din g t h e F o u n d e r o f I s l a m . H e ,

. * l " " ~ " " " " " P ra ls o, c a l l e d t h e i r a t t e n t i o n to th e f a c t t h a t t h e P r o p h e t s c h a -a c t e r h a s b e e n b a s e l y m a l i g n e d i n th e w e s t e r n c o u n t r i e s d u e t oi g n o r a n c e a n d m i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g . " S o i t i s o u r i n t e n t io n , "S u fi B e n g a l e e s t a te d f u r t h e r , " tO p r e s e n t t h e u n b l e m i s h e dt r u t h s a b o u t th i s g r e a t c h a r a c t e r in o r d e r to r e m o v e e r r o n e o u sp r ej ud ic e s f r a u g h t w i t h m i s in f o r m a t io n . W h e n . t h e t r u t h a n dt r u th a lo ne , i s k n o w n , " . h e r e i t e r a t e d , " t h e n d u e r e s pe c t a n dr e v e re n c e w i ll b e a c c o rd e d t o t h e g r e a t h u m a n i t a r i a n w h o w a sC


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2 0 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

s o in s t r n m e n t a l in a -e m o v in g V ice a n d c o r r u p t i o n b v m e a n s 0 fh i s o w n e xe m p_ la ry c o n d u c t a n d t h r o u g h h i s t e a c h m g s . .P e a c e an d B r o t h e r h o o d , 'as t a u g h t b y th e H o l y P r o p h e iw e r e t h e p a r a m o u n t f e a tu r e s o f t h e - e v e n i n g . T h e r e w a s .

J .n e i t h e r c o lo r b a r . n o r r a c e d is t i n c ti o n ." B e g i n n i n g w i t h a r ec i-t a t io n f r o m t h e H o l y O u r a n b y M r . S a l e e m N i m a r o f S y r ia , it h e I n d i a n s , T u r k s , G r e e k s , A r a b s , C 0 1 o r e d .a n d w h i t e A m e r i - (c an s . s to o d s h o u l d e r to s h o u l d e r t o . p a y t r i b u te to t h e H o l y ~P r o p h e t M t t h a m m a d .

T h e f i r st s p e a k e r w a s O m a r K l i a n , t h e p re s id e n t o f th eC h i c a g o C o n g r e g a t i o n .

S o m e in t e r e s t in g b i o g ra p h i c a l f a c t s r e g a r d i n g t h e l i f e o fS l u h a m m a d , w e r e n ex t p r e s e n te d b y O m a r C l ev e la n d , a w h i t eA m e r i c a n M o s l e m .

S i s te r A t n e e n a . a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f r o m t h e D e t r o i t M i s -s io nl s t a te d h o w A r a b i a h a d ' s t t n k t o t h e l o w e s t s ta t e o f tlerg r a d a t i o n a n d t h r o u g h M t th an u aa ad 's e ff o r t s A r a b i a w a s e l e -v a t e d f r o l n p r o f l i g a c y t o o n e o f t h e m o s t e n l i ff h te n e d ' n a t i o n si n t h e w o r l d . . _ .

A n o n - M o s l e m s p e a k e r , M r s . N i n a '~ 'o ung l, o u t l i n & l s o m e io f t h e n o b l e a s p e c ts o f t h e p r o p h e t ' s c h a r a c t e r , e s p ec ia l! y , h isa b i l i t y t o f o r g i v e . S h e c i t e d t h e h i s t o r i ~ : a l f a c t , t h a t e v e n w h e nM t th a m n m d h a d th e i m m e d i a t e I n nv e r t o d e s t r o y h i s e n em i e s,h e r e f u s e d t o t a k e a d v a n t a g e o f t h e m . b u t i n s te a d , h e f o r g a v e ::t he m . H e r a d d r e s s f o llo w s "" T i m P r o p h e t M u h a m m a d in m v es t im a t i o n , s p e n t I ris l i f e s e n d i n g

s o m u c h h a l ~ p i n e s s :a n d b e a u t y i n to t h e l iv e s o f o t h e r s . H e d i s r e g a r d e dc r e e d s a n d p o s i ti fm s : h e e v e n f r e e d h i s s l a v e s , a n d l a te r , m e t t h e m s o c ia l lya s h i s e q u a l .

" O u r i m e rl ~ re ta t io n s o f t ll e a c t i o n s o f a n y g r e a t c h a r a c t e r m u s t n e c - ' i- c s s a ri lv b e c o l o r e d b y o u r o w n e x p e r i e n c e s i n l if e . S o m e O f m y l is te n e i'sm i g h t ' r e g a r d c er ta in " i n c id e n t s w h i c h I S ha ll r e l at e , a s t r iv i al a n d u n i m ~p o r ta n t , b u t t o m e i h e se e v e n ts a r e v e r y p e r t i n e n t a t t r ib u t e s ~o f t h e H o l y IP r o p h e t ' s c h a r a c t e r ; l-lis a b il it y t o f o r g i v e s e e m s t o m e t o b e o n e o f t h e !g r e a t e s t a s p e c t s o f I ris l i fe , ,

T h e c o n lp l e t e a nd d e c is iv e v ic t o ry w h ic h M u h a m m a d , w o n a t t h eB a i t l e o f B a d r b e g a n a n e w e ra o f t r i u m p h : f o r I s l a m ) T h e H 01 yP r o p h e t ' s d i s p o sa l o f t h e c a p ti v e s o f t h e W a r w a s e k c e e d i n g l y i n t e r e s ti n g ,T h e r ic h w e r e r a n s o m e d , t h e p o o r W e r e r e le a s ed b y p l e d g i n g : fl m ir w o r d "n e v e r t o f i g h t a g a i n s t t h e M o s l e m s a g a i n , a n d t h o s e w h o " p o s s e ss e d e d u ~ .c a t io n w e r e m a d e t o t e a ch : t h e M o s l e m y o u t h s iu r e t u r n f o r t h e i r f re e-d o n l . . . - "Two enemies of t l ie Prophet Umair and Safwan conspired to as-


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, a s s in a t e M u l m m m a d ; U n l a i r b e s m e a r e d lfis s w o r d w i t h p o i so n , t h e nh e w e n t t o M e d i n a . H e p r e t e n d e d t h a t h e w i s h e d to li b e r at e h is s o nw h o h a d b ee n ca p t u re d b v M u h a n u u a d s ' f o rc e s d u r i n g t h e B a t tl e o fB a d r ~ O n e ,, f t h e P r o p h e t ' s d i sc ip le s , O n m r . w h o r e a l iz e d t h a t U m a i rlia d C om e tO t m t r d e r M u l m m m a d , a t t e m p t e d t o k i ll t h e M e c c a n , b u t . t h eH o l y . P r o l ? h e t s t o p p e d lli m . T h e n h e tu r n e d tO U l n a i r . ' \ V l m t b r i n g sy o n h e r e ? ' ' I h a v e c o m e t o l ib e r a t e n w .~ on .' r e p li e d U m a i r . ' T h e n w hY: t re : y o u a r m e d w i t h th a t s w o r d ? ' i n q u i r e d M u h a m n m d . U m a i r w a s s o

c , , , , 1 , 1 , , , ~ , ,~ e a k : T h e P ro o h et~ t h e n . r e l a t e d . th e c o n v e r s a -s u r p r i s e d he S a f w a n a n~ t U m a t r a nd how t he x l ind p l a n ne d t o k il l h tm .t i o n b e t w e e n.k m a n w h o w a s n o b l e e n o u g h t o s p a r e t h e l if e ? o f o h e w l io m h e k n e wi n t e nd e d t o t a k e h i s l i f e m ns t ha~ ,,e d i v i ne i n s p i r a t i on a n t i i t t ouc h e dU m a i r s o d e e p ly , th a t h e w a s c o n v e r t e d t o t h e f a it lx o f I s la m ." A n o t h e r i n c i d e n t o f M u l m m n m d ' s m a g n a n i m i t y is s h o w n o n t h eo c c a s i on W h en he W a s s l e e p in g a l o n e a t t h e f oo t o f a t r e e . W h e n h eo n e l te d !1is ~ v e s . t h e r e w a s a n e n e m y s t a n d i n g 1)v h i s s id e w i t h a d r a w ns~ vo rd . O h - M u h a m n m d , w h o W ill , s a v e y o u n o w f r o m m Y h a n d s ? "

" -"Gotl.~ ' rep l ied t h e PrO ph et . " " . - " " - - ." T h e s w o r d fe ll a t o n c e f r o m t h e l~ e d tm i n 's h a n d , A s M u h a n a n m d

p i c k e d u p t h e s w o r d t h e n i a n t re m b l e d ~ q t h f e a r . ' _ i i" ' T e l l m e no w w hn w iU s a ve y 'ou f r o m m y ' ha r t ( a s . ,'is ke d t heP r op he t . - - : " : ~ " - i : : ' . ? " i . " "

" . , , , . . , . . . , x t . . . . ,.one . l in t .you ' , reolied. th e f r ightene d. Be do mn . " . . -. - X l n h a n t n l a d f o r g a v e h i m a n d l e t h im g o a w a y . T i l ts f o r g l v e n e s sh i g h l y i m p r es se d th e m a n. U p o n h i s r e t u r n t o h is p e o pl e h e s a i d .- " I h a v e

s ee n M n h a m m a d , t h e n o b le st o f a ll, m e t ." A f t e r " t h e C o n q n e s t o f M e c c a . . ~ [ u h a n n n a d a g a i n s h o w e d h i s a b i l i t yt o f o r g ive . : T o nae , tla is is on e o f the m os t d r a n m t i c s c e n e s i n h i s t o r y . T h eM o s l e n t s h a d b e e n s n h j e c t e d t o t h e m o s t in h u n u tn , a t ro c i t i e s- E v e n t h eb o d i e s - o f t h e ir d e a d s o ld i er s w e r e d e s e c r a te d b y t h e v i c io u s : M e c e a n s." u h a m m a d 's f o rc e s h a d c o n q u e r e d M e c c a a n d t i l e e n e m y w a s a t t h e~ ' I 0 p h e t 's m erc~ ;.- B U t h e d i d n o t t a k e a d v a n t a g e a s t h e e x p e c t e d , i n -" .s t ea d h e d e l i v e r e d Iris s e r m o n o n P e ; i c e a n d B r o t l i e r h o o d . a n d i n h i s~ ou r O f a ~ [ it ~ n~ p! l, he s a i d tO t h e m . ' " ' X 0 r e p r o a c h t o y o u u p o n tiffs d a y l

' ~ T h e M e c c a n s w e r e ' a p p a l l e d - Tile,," h a d in a lig n ec l h i m . S u b j e c t e dh i m t0 ev erY h t n n i li tv , v e t h e fo rg -a ve t h e m . T h r o u g h h i s i n c o m p a r a b l ef ~ w g i ( - e n e s s 'h e C O h lp 'le ted a m o r a l a s w e l l a s a p h y s i c a l e o n q n e . 4 t .7

: " I C o u ld h r i n g t o V o n r : a t t e n t io n o th e r, i n c k le n t s , b u t I b e l i e v e t h a tA r a b i a g a v e u s a g r e a ( c f i a r a c t e r , s o m e c e n t u r i e s a g o . H e f o u n d e d a g r e a tr e l i g i o n : h e i n s p i r e d m ~ ll io n s o f p e o p l e tO f o l l o w h is t e a c h i n g s : w h i l et h e O c c i d e n t a l w o r l d i s s ti l l i g n o r a n t o f th e W o r t h y a t t r i b u t e s o f t h isG r e a t P r o p h e t ' s c h a r a c t e r . . .

A t t h e c o n c h t s i o n o f t h e a d d r e s s , S u f i B e n g a l e e r e i t e r L


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2 2 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I ' S E

a t e d h o w th e H o ly P ro p h e t . d id n o t s p r e a d I s l a m b y m e a n s o ft h e s w o rd .

' 'I knOw the westenl .world has the wrong notion that Muhammadwent forth with the Quran in one hand, and the sword in theother, topropa gate his faith, lint that is not true. Muhanmlad ne ve r fou ght ,-unless, it we re in .self defense."D r . H a r l a n T a r b e ll , 5_ m e t o p h y s M a n a n d p s y c h o l o g i s t, w a st h e n e x t s pe ak e r. H e b r o u g h t o u t . h o w G r e a t _ T ea ch er s a n dG r e a t M a s te { s h a d c o m e i n to t h e w o r l d w h e n t h e y w e r e m o s tn e e d ed . T h e y ~ e m p h as iz ed i n t h e i r t e a c h i n g s t ,h e t h in g s w h ic hw e r e m o s t n ee d e d in t h e w o r l d a t t h e t i m e o f t h e i r a d v e n t , t h e ya l so , . he lped the peop le , to un de rs ta nd l i f e be t t e r . D r . T a rbe l lt o ld h i s a u d ie n c e t h a t e ai :h o f t h e s e p r o p h e t s a n d t e a c h e rsshou ld be respec_ ted fo r the good .wh ich th ey - e f fe c ted in thew o r ld . M u h m n m a d r e co g r li ze d l t h e i n t r i n s i/ : v a l u e o f t h e s ee a r l i e r t e a c h in g s , a n d h e a d m o n i s h e d h i s f o l l o w e r s t o r e s p ec ta ll o f t h e g r e a t F o u n d e r s ~ f g r e a t r e li g io n s . " M a n n m s t re -t u r n t o A l l a h f o r t r u e h a p p in e s s ," s t at e d D r.. T a rb e l l i n c o n -

-c lus ion . " "S u f i M . R . B e n g a i e e e n j o in e d h i s a u d i e n c e t o h e a r. th e . t r u t h , ." I t is only through education that ignorance can be eliminated. It" is not enough to learn a few facts about Islam. bu t one nmst. study andcontinue to study about the H01y P.rophet and his wOrk.""You ~vill/rec~ill how the qxperiment With Prohibi6on failed miser-ably in the- Unit ed . States. ~Iuhammad solved this. problem in earlyArabia. I t was the custom of , the Arabs to dr in k f ivet imes ad ay butwith the advent of Islam', Mul~ammad caused the Streets of Medina torun red with wine, and he decreed t hat in place Of drink, th e Moslems

should pray five times~a day, a cusl;om Which still prevails more than athousand years sii ice .the Prophet's death." "T h e I n d i a n M i s s i o n a r y f lu n g o u t a d e fi ni te c h a l l / m g ew h e n h e d e c la r ed t h a t a l l o t h e r r e l i g io n s h a d f a i le d , ~ b u t to d a y ,I s l a m : a n s w e r e d t h e b a ff li n g p ro b l em s w h i c h c o n f r o n t t h eW o rld s u c h a s , ' t h e r a c e p ro b le m .: d i s t r i b u t i o n o f w e a l t h a n din t e rn a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s .t - I e c o n cl u de d h i s t a l k w i t h S uc h r i n g i n g s t a t e m e n t s a s :

"Is lam has come to A{nerica, not by means of the sword,, but p ea ce --fully and it ishere to stay! Islam respects all other religious. If you havebeen a good Jew then you will make a be tt er Moslem. If you havebeen a good Christian then you will make a better. Moslem."I do not say that America will become a Moslem Nat:on withinthe'next ten ),ears. It may take fifty years and even more, but tl fe timewill come when tl~ere wil[l be Minarets and Mosques i n eve ry com-munit y in the .United State s!"


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TH E M O S LEM S U N RI S E 23

W h y I B e c a m e A M o s le mS u fi M . R . B e n ga le e. M . A . , D u q u e s n e , P a .S u i t e 1307 , 56 E . Co ngr e s s S t r e e t . J a n . 15, 1938Chicago , I l l ino is .M y D e a r B r o t h e r :I w a s b o r n o f C h r i s t i a n P a r e n t s , b r o u g h t u p i n C h r i s t ia n c o m -n m n i t y , a n d w a s s u r r o u n d e d b y C h r i s t i a n i n f l ue n ce s . N o w m a y I te lly o u w h y I b e c a m e a M o s l e m .T h e c o n d it io n s u n d e r w h i c h I - w a s r ea r ed l ed m e t o b elie ve i n th eW o r d O f G o d . a n d t h e H o l y B i b le w a s t h e o n l y b o o k I h a d i n m y p o s e s -s io n t o h e l p m e i n m a t t e r s s p i r it u a l. C o n s e q u e n t l y I t r i e d t o s t u d y t h eb o o k a n d u s e i t a s .a g u i d e i n t h i n g s p e r t a i n i n g t o r e li g io n .I n t h e e a rl) " p a r t o f t h e B i b l e, I r e a d o f - a p r o m i s e G o d m a d e t oA b r a h a m t o t h is e f f e c t : " I n t h e e a n d t h v s e e d a ll th e f a m i l ie s o f. t h e :.. e a r t h b e b l e ss e d ." - G en . 2 2::1 8, T h e n i t g o e s o n t o d e a l w i t h . t h e s e e do f I s a ac . w h i c h is c o m m o n l x ; k n o w n a s t lie J e w s . I t s e e m s t h a t a n e f f o r tis m a d e t o f u lf i l t t h a t p r o n u s e t h r o u g h t h e m : M o s e s s a w v e r y e a r l y t h a t -t h a t e f f o r t - w a s li ab le t o p r o v e fu til e" a n d \ y a r n e d t h e m t h a t t h e b l es si n gsw o u ld p a ss f r o m t h e m t o t h e i r b r e th r en , a n d t h a t G o d - w o u l d ra ise f r o ma m o n g t h e ir b r e t h r e n a p r o p h e t l ik e u n t o h i m s e l f . " ". W e r e a d i n :D e u t . Ch a p te r 18 : - - ' - "A n d i w i l l- ra i s e ; h e m u p a p r o p h e t f r o m a m o n g t h e ir ~ r e t l w e n l ik eu n to t h e e a n d w i l l . p u t m y w o r d s in tO " h i s .m o u t h ; a n d h ~ s ha lI s p e a k

u n t o t lt e m a l l t h a t I - s h a l l c o m m a n d h i m .A n d i t s h a ll c o m e t o p a s s . t h a t . w h o s o c a ' e r w i l l , n o t h e a r k e n u n t o m yw o r d s w h i c h h e s h al l s p e a k i n M y ~ mm e. [ ~ i I ! r e q u ir e i t o f h i m .I n t he s e v e r s e s , . G o d s pe a k s t o l~ Iose s, and m ak e s a p r op he c y c on -c er ni~ tg t he c om ing, o f a p r oph e t . T h e s e v e r s e s ~ u r n i s h u s w i th . ] ou t; Spe c i fi c s i gn s . w i th w h ic h "to r ec og -n ir, a n d ide n t i f y t ha t p r op he t anti s igns are as~ ol lo w s: " : " . " " . - . . .F i r s t : T h e p ro p !r ot w i ll b e r a i s e d f r o m a nq .o ng " t h e i r b r e t h r e n ;M o s e s w a s a p r o p h e t u n t o t h e c h i l d re n . o f I s ra e l ; s o. th e p r o p h e t s p o k e no f h e r e , W i ll b e f r o m a n m n g t h e b r eC h re n o f . t h e , c h i l d re n ! o f I s r a e l . N o w ,w h o a r e t h e b r e t h r e n o f t h e c h i ld r e n o f I s r a e l ? I t i s a m a t t e r o f c o m m o nk n 0 w l e d g e t h a t A b r a h a m : h a s t w o s o n s . Is~tac a n d . I s h m a e l . T h e c h il - " d r e n o f Is r a e l a r e t h e - d e s c e n d a n t s o f A b r a h a m t h r o u g h I s a ac a n d t h eA r a b ia n p e o pl e ( T h e Q u r a i sh ) . a r e t h e d e s c e n d a n t s o f A b r a h a m t h r o u u g h

I s h m a e l . i s r a e l i t e s a n d I s h m a e l i te s ra ze t h e o f f s p r i n g O f t h e c o m m o np ro ~ ,e n it or A b r a h a m . T h e r e f o r e I s h m a e l i t e s a r e t i l e B r e t h r e n o f t h e: ch il dr en o f .I sr ae l. H e n c e t h e p r o p h e t ~w h o s e a d v e n t h a s b e e n p r o p h e -s ie d in t h e p as sa g e u n d e r d i s c u ss i o n m u s t c o m e f r o m a m o n g t h e I s h -m a e l i t e s . . - . . . . . " - - " " "S e c o n d l y : T h e p r 0 1 f la e t m u s t b e ! :'lik e u n t o t h- ee ," t h a t i s, M o s e s .M o s e s w a s a l a w - b e a r i n g p r o p h e t . a n d i n o r d e r to f ul f il l t h is p o i n t o fs i m i la r it y , t h e p r o p h e t n m s t b r i n g a n e w .d is p en sa tio n ,T h i r d l y : " H e .~ hall s p e ak u n t o t h e m a l l t h a t I s h a ll c o m m a n d h i m . "I n o t h e r w o r d s , t h e p r o p h e t w i ll ; n rt ~..s p ea k a u g h t f r o m h i m s e lf . H e

t


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w i ll t r a n s m i t t o t h e p eo l~ le a l l t h a t G o d w i ll c o m m a n d hi m t ~ s p e ak , iF o u r t h l y : " \ V h o s o e v e r w ill n o t h e a r k e n u n t o m y w o r d s w hic h :ih e s h al l s p e a k i n m v n a m e . l sh a ll r e q u i r e it o f h i m . " T h i s s h o w s t h a t :]t h e p r o p h e t w i l l s p e a k h n to . t h e p e o p l e t h e w o r d s o [ G o d in t h e n a m eo f G o d .T h e p r o p h e c y , c o n t a iu e t l in t h e a h o v e - m e n t i o n e d ]m s s ag e . h a s l~ e e n i"u n q u e s t io n a b l y fu if il le d i n t h e p e rs o n O f M u h a m m a d , t li e H o l y F o u n d e ro f I s i m n . F o r i n t h e f i r s t p l a c e ; h e c a m e f r o m a m o n g t h e d e s c e n d a n t so f I s h m a e l , t h e b r e th r e n o f t h e c h i l d r e n o f I s ra e l . S e c o n dl y . h

Themoslemsunrise1938 Iss 1

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