Titania - Fara Nur Edayu Chap 10

7/28/2019 Titania - Fara Nur Edayu Chap 10

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CHAPTER 10

CREATIVE DECISION

MAKING AND PROBLEM

SOLVING


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Creativity refers to the invention or origination of

any new thing that has value.Wikipedia

Creativity is defined as the tendency to generate

or recognize ideas, alternatives, or possibilities

that may be useful in solving problems,

communicating with others, and entertainingourselves and others.Robert E. Franken

The ability to look at the same things as

someone else and think something

differentAlbert Szent-Gyorgyi


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THEORIES OF

CREATIVITY


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Psychoanalytical perspective

The general argument is that people

become creative in reaction todifficult circumstances or repressed

emotions


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Creativity is a preconscious mental activity Creativity thinking occurs in our subconscious

thoughts and is not directly accessible to our

conscious thoughts

This theory argues that people are able todemonstrate creativity when they link the

personal unconscious with the collective

conscious.


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Behavioral Perspective

The behaviorist believes a person is not an

initiating force in the creative act, but

rather a focal point where environmental

and genetic forces come together to havea common effect. The environment acts

upon the individual


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Creativity is a natural response to stimuli

within our individual environments, certain

combinations of stimuli can lead to more

creative behavior than other combinations

The genetic and environmental histories

responsible for an individual's behavior andthen to create an environment for creative

behavior to occur


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Cognitive Process Perspective

The term cognitive process means a

volitional mental operation that can belearned in much the same way as

solving a problem


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Creativity is a property of thought process

that can be acquired and improvedthrough instruction and practice

Creativity as a thinking process implying it

is a learned behavior that can be

improved.


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Different Waysto Think


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Logical Thinking

Logical thinking is to think on the basis of

knowledge, what we know, and

certainties, what we can prove.


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Using left-brain

Using experimental and analytical abilities to

think about a problem

rooted in the model-building and quantitative

methods of management sciences

an integral part of the design and developmentof a computer-based DSS


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Lateral Thinking

Lateral thinking is based upon the premise that

the human mind naturally processes and stores

information in accordance with a specific

pattern of thought and action.


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Lateral thinking is the ability to think creatively,

or "outside the box" to use your inspiration and

imagination to solve problems by looking at

them from unexpected perspectives.


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Critical Thinking

Process of purposeful, self-regulatory judgment.The process gives reasoned consideration

to evidence, contexts, conceptualizations,

methods, and criteria" (1990).

Broadly defined as "thinking about thinking."


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Opposite Thinking

a method of problem solving whereby the

decision maker simply takes the

perspective of someone other than

him/herself


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Group Thinking

an alternative way of thinking and can be

used effectively to achieve group

involvement in activities such as idea

generation and brainstorming


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Intuitive Thinking

not same as creativity but has been identified as

an important element in creative decision

making and problem solving

Intuitive Thinking educates people to access anduse the full potential of their whole brain

intelligence in decision-making.

Use the right-brain


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CREATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING TECHNIQUES


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Free association

all focused on a single goal; divergent thinking

and generation of ideas

It wont give you a specific answer to your

problem but it will help you explore differentapproaches to it

Association can help spark ideas to lead

you to a solution. The most common is brainstorming


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Structured relationships

focus on the generation of new ideas via a

process where two or more objects, products,

idea or concepts are forced together or

combined to produce new objects or ideas Osborns Idea Checklist, Morphological forced

connections, Analytic Hierarchy Process


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Group techniques

focus on enhancing and fostering creativity

within a multiparticipant problem-solving context

exercise will naturally create synergies that

generate creative ideas if they are stimulate intosome form of regular and flexible interaction

Nominal Group Technique, Delphi Techniques


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10.3 INTELLIGENT AGENTS INDECISION SUPPORT

To assist in organizing the characteristicsof agents.

Capable of performing many of thenecessary

decision support function formerly

relegated

to human beings


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What is an Intelligent Software Agent?

To assist in organizing the characteristics ofagents, we can conceptualize them asmembers of three primary divisions:1. Agent theory answers the question of what

an agent is as well as the mathematics forrepresenting them.

2. Agent architecture conceptualizes thesoftware engineering models.

3. Agent languages focuses on thedevelopment and deployment of softwarelanguages for programming andexperimenting with agents.


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Characteristics of an IntelligentSoftware Agents

Characteristics

of Intelligent

Software

Agents

MobilityPersonalizabilit

y

Discourse and

Cooperation

Risk, Trust, and

Domain

Graceful

Degradation and

Cooperation

Anthropomorphis

m

Autonomy


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Classification of Intelligent SoftwareAgents

In addition to the identifying

characteristics, there are other ways to

classify agents:

1. Hierarchical classification Franklin and

Graesser proposed a treelike structure,


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Franklin and Graesser Hierarchical

Classification


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2. Categorical classification

classification as organizational

versus personal. Personal

agents are more widespread, but

collaborative technologies suchas Lotus Notes are becoming

more popular.


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Titania - Fara Nur Edayu Chap 10

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