Wireless Applications for Structural Monitoring of Inflatable Habitats · 2013-04-10 · History...
40
Wireless Applications for Structural Monitoring of Inflatable Habitats Glenn Miller NASA/JSC March 27 th 2007 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070013893 2020-07-11T04:21:06+00:00Z
Transcript of Wireless Applications for Structural Monitoring of Inflatable Habitats · 2013-04-10 · History...
Wire
less
App
licat
ions
for
Stru
ctur
al M
onito
ring
of In
flata
ble
Hab
itats
Gle
nn M
iller
NA
SA
/JS
CM
arch
27th
2007
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070013893 2020-07-11T04:21:06+00:00Z
Stru
ctur
al H
ealth
Man
agem
ent S
yste
m (S
HM
S)
1.B
ackg
roun
d2.
Req
uire
men
ts2.
1 O
bjec
tives
2.2
Fun
ctio
nal
2.3
Gen
eral
3.Im
plem
enta
tion
4.S
umm
ary
5.C
ontri
buto
rs
1.0
Bac
kgro
und
His
tory
•In
flata
ble
spac
e st
ruct
ures
hav
e be
en w
ith N
AS
A a
lmos
t as
long
as
the
agen
cy it
self
•E
xten
ded
NA
SA
stu
dies
of s
pace
sta
tions
and
sur
face
hab
itats
•N
AS
A fi
rst e
xpan
dabl
e sa
telli
te E
CH
O w
as la
unch
ed 1
960
•R
ussi
ans
use
of e
xpan
dabl
e ai
rlock
–19
65•
Infla
tabl
esen
visi
oned
for l
arge
spa
ce a
nten
nas
and
sola
r arr
ays
•Th
e re
-ent
ry o
f the
Lav
ochk
in/D
aim
ler C
hrys
ler b
allu
te-2
000
•19
98 N
AS
A b
egan
to lo
ok a
t inf
lata
ble
stru
ctur
e to
hou
se a
stro
naut
s in
tran
sit t
o M
ars
as w
ell a
s a
habi
tat o
nce
they
wer
e on
the
surfa
ce.
Tran
sHab
evo
lved
to a
TR
L of
6 b
efor
e be
ing
shel
ved
in 2
000
•20
04 p
rovi
ded
a pr
esid
entia
l vis
ion
for r
etur
n to
moo
n an
d be
yond
th
at in
clud
es th
e us
e of
infla
tabl
esas
luna
r stru
ctur
es.
•In
200
6 B
igel
ow A
eros
pace
laun
ches
a s
ubsc
ale
infla
tabl
e de
mon
stra
tor c
alle
d G
enes
is I.
•In
vest
igat
ing
Infa
ltabl
esth
at a
re R
igid
azab
lean
d H
ybrid
mod
ules
NA
SA
Infla
tabl
e S
truct
ures
Gen
esis
I
Lau
nch
Date
: Ju
ly 1
2,
2006
Lau
nch
Lo
cati
on
:IS
C K
osm
otr
asSpac
e and M
issi
le
Com
ple
x, R
uss
ia
NO
RA
D I
den
tifi
er:
#29252
Exp
ande
d14.
4 M
eter
s in
Len
gth
22.
54 M
eter
s in
Dia
met
er
311
.5 C
ubic
Met
ers
of U
sabl
e V
olum
e
4S
olar
Arra
ys (8
tota
l)
5S
hell
Ski
n:6
Inch
es T
hick
, Mul
tilay
er S
yste
m
6C
omm
unic
atio
ns A
nten
na
Con
tract
ed7
4.4
Met
ers
in L
engt
h
81.
6 M
eter
s in
D
iam
eter
Infl
ati
on
R
ate
:15
Min
ute
sIn
tern
al
Tem
pera
ture
:79
Deg
rees
W
ind
ow
s:1
Inte
rnal
Cam
era
s:6
Exte
rnal
Cam
era
s:7
Sp
eed
:16,9
28
MPH
Alt
itu
de:
+/-
350
Mile
sEart
h
Orb
it:
Once
ev
ery
96
Min
ute
sA
nti
cip
ate
d
Lif
esp
an
:3-1
3
Yea
rs
Fund
amen
tals
of C
urre
nt In
flata
ble
Tech
nolo
gy
•S
truct
ural
cor
e is
mad
e of
met
allic
or c
ompo
site
mat
eria
ls a
nd
serv
es a
s ba
ckbo
ne fo
r lau
nch
of in
flata
ble
spac
ecra
ft.•
She
ll co
nsis
ts o
f im
perm
eabl
e bl
adde
r, re
stra
int a
nd la
yers
of
mic
rom
eteo
roid
pro
tect
ion
(figu
re fo
llow
ing
page
).•
Man
ned
subs
yste
ms
incl
ude
avio
nics
, pow
er a
nd li
fe s
uppo
rt.•
Dur
ing
infla
tion,
the
shel
l mov
es ra
dial
lyou
twar
d ap
prox
imat
ely
the
orig
inal
dia
met
er o
f the
cor
e (u
sual
ly 6
-10
feet
to a
llow
for c
rew
tra
nsla
tion)
.•
Por
tions
of t
he s
econ
dary
stru
ctur
e an
d su
bsys
tem
s w
ill re
quire
re
posi
tioni
ng in
to th
e ex
pand
ed v
olum
e.•
Mos
t of t
he la
rger
util
ity li
nes
will
rem
ain
in p
re-in
tegr
ated
pos
ition
s w
ithin
cor
e.•
How
ever
the
maj
ority
of t
he s
truct
ural
hea
lth s
enso
rs n
eed
to fo
llow
th
e sh
ell a
s it
mov
es o
utw
ard
sign
ifica
nt d
ista
nces
(fee
t) fro
m th
e co
re.
Tran
sHab
Con
cept
core
Infla
tion
tank
s
airlo
ck
Flex
ible
she
ll
Ext
erna
l Th
erm
al
Bla
nket
MO
D
Shi
eldi
ng
Red
unda
nt
Bla
dder
s
Inte
rnal
S
cuff
Bar
rier
Kev
lar
Res
train
t La
yer
Mul
ti-La
yer I
nfla
tabl
e Sh
ell O
verv
iew
Infla
tabl
e A
dvan
tage
s
•In
flata
ble/
depl
oyab
le s
truct
ures
are
attr
activ
e as
orb
iting
or s
urfa
ce h
abita
ts
for f
our k
ey re
ason
s:
1) H
igh
volu
me-
to-m
ass
ratio
–th
e liv
able
hab
itat v
olum
e th
at c
an b
e de
liver
ed to
orb
it or
luna
r sur
face
per
uni
t mas
s of
pay
load
can
be
max
imiz
ed. (
Tran
sHab
volu
me
appr
ox. 2
.5 ti
mes
rigi
d IS
S m
odul
e).
2) H
igh
pack
ing
effic
ienc
y–
Infla
tabl
e/de
ploy
able
stru
ctur
es p
rovi
de fo
r a
mor
e fle
xibl
e la
unch
man
ifest
, whe
reby
the
stru
ctur
e ca
n be
des
igne
d m
ore
effic
ient
ly a
roun
d th
e la
unch
veh
icle
.3)
Min
imal
nee
d fo
r on-
site
con
stru
ctio
n m
ater
ials
–W
ith th
ese
uniq
ue
habi
tats
, virt
ually
all
of th
e as
sem
bly
mec
hani
sm is
inhe
rent
toth
e st
ruct
ure
(alth
ough
luna
r reg
olith
may
be a
dded
for m
ore
prot
ectio
n)4)
Few
er s
econ
dary
radi
atio
n ef
fect
s–
Use
of s
oft g
oods
redu
ces
the
dest
ruct
ive
effe
cts
of s
econ
dary
ioni
zing
par
ticle
s, c
omm
only
see
n w
ith
met
allic
stru
ctur
al m
ater
ials
.
Stru
ctur
al H
ealth
Mon
itorin
gA
s fo
r all
hum
an s
pace
veh
icle
s, th
e ne
ed to
mai
ntai
n th
e sa
fety
of th
e cr
ew is
pa
ram
ount
.
Nee
d fo
r an
inte
grat
ed s
truct
ural
hea
lth m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
(SH
MS
)
It is
ant
icip
ated
that
the
utili
zatio
n of
sof
tgoo
ds in
infla
tabl
e st
ruct
ures
will
cal
l fo
r new
mon
itorin
g te
chni
ques
suc
h as
em
bedd
ed s
enso
rs in
a d
istri
bute
d ne
twor
k ar
chite
ctur
e
Sin
ce th
e fli
ght e
xper
ienc
e w
ith in
flata
bles
in s
pace
is li
mite
d, b
oth
prof
essi
onal
ly a
nd in
the
publ
ic e
ye, a
ssur
ance
is n
eede
d in
sev
eral
crit
ical
ar
eas,
with
a p
riorit
y in
thes
e:
a) M
MO
D D
etec
tion
b) L
eak
Det
ectio
nc)
Ver
ifica
tion
Atm
osph
eric
Con
ditio
nsd)
Iden
tify
Con
dens
atio
n on
insi
de s
urfa
ce o
f bla
dder
C/E
: Ultr
ason
ic L
eak
Loca
tor/R
epai
r Kit
C/E
: Inf
rare
d D
igita
l Cam
era
Impa
ct A
rea
Det
ectio
n A
nten
nas
Met
aliz
edfle
xibl
e m
at fo
r Lun
ar D
ust a
nd C
onde
nsat
ion
Det
ectio
n w
ith M
illim
eter
Wav
e R
adar
Imag
er
Wire
less
Inst
rum
enta
tion
Nod
es
C/E
: MW
Rad
ar Im
ager
for H
ull
Insp
ectio
n an
d M
oist
ure
Det
ect
Wire
less
Cre
w &
Cre
w E
quip
men
t N
etw
ork:
Aud
io, V
ideo
, Dat
a, P
ositi
on
RFI
D I
nter
roga
tor f
or P
assi
ve S
enso
rs
Wire
less
Hum
idity
Sen
sors
B
athr
oom
Flo
or, p
lum
bing
an
d w
ater
tank
leak
s
Wire
less
Acc
eler
omet
ers
and/
or A
E fo
r
Impa
ct L
ocat
ion
&
Dyn
amic
Mod
els
Pass
ive
RFI
D T
ags f
or
C
onfig
urat
ion,
Loc
atio
n,
Sens
ing:
She
ll Te
mps
, Im
pact
Sho
ck,
Foam
B
ag P
ress
ures
, etc
Win
dow
: Wire
less
Pre
ssur
e,
Stra
in, C
over
pos
ition
Wire
less
Lea
k M
onito
ring
Syst
em
(tem
pora
rily
depl
oyed
nea
r hat
ch)
a
Con
duct
ive
Mat
eria
l Pat
tern
s fo
r dam
age
ND
E af
ter
MM
OD
hit
usin
g M
ultis
pect
rali
mag
er to
ol.
Mul
tifun
ctio
nal M
LI fo
r EM
I and
Pas
sive
Dam
age
Inte
rrog
atio
n
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
Wire
less
S
HM
S
2.0
SH
MS
Req
uire
men
ts
2.1
Obj
ectiv
es
Stru
ctur
al H
ealth
Mon
itorin
g O
bjec
tives
#1 In
crea
se C
rew
Saf
ety
-Pro
vide
aut
onom
ous,
con
tinuo
us, o
ngoi
ng m
onito
ring
of h
abita
t st
ruct
ural
inte
grity
(inc
lude
s un
man
ned
perio
d –
assu
res
safe
ingr
ess)
-Ide
ntify
, loc
ate
and
scop
e da
mag
e, fa
ilure
s an
d de
grad
atio
ns
-Ale
rt th
e cr
ew in
real
tim
e to
issu
es re
quiri
ng im
med
iate
atte
ntio
n
-Fac
ilita
te R
epai
rs (p
rovi
de lo
catio
n of
leak
ing
blad
der o
r sea
l)
-Mon
itor h
idde
n an
d in
acce
ssib
le re
gion
s of
the
stru
ctur
e
(p
rovi
de w
arni
ng o
f “de
ad”a
ir po
cket
s, s
mok
e or
con
dens
atio
n)
-Allo
w a
ccur
ate
estim
ates
of a
ny im
pact
s on
hab
itat l
ifetim
e (e
xam
ple:
reco
rd M
MO
D im
pact
s, lo
catio
n an
d re
sulti
ng d
amag
e)
-Sel
f-rec
tify
or m
itiga
te p
robl
ems
whe
re p
ossi
ble
(retu
rn to
nor
mal
ops
)
Stru
ctur
al H
ealth
Mon
itorin
g O
bjec
tives
#2 R
educ
e Li
fe-C
ycle
Cos
t
-Fa
cilit
ate
pre-
laun
ch in
tegr
atio
n an
d te
st
(pro
vide
sen
sors
to m
easu
re le
akag
e an
d co
rrect
fold
ing
of s
hell)
-R
educ
e un
nece
ssar
y in
spec
tion
and
prev
entiv
e m
aint
enan
ce
(m
onito
r vib
ratio
ns in
mot
ors
as a
n in
dica
tor o
f wea
r)
-D
ecre
ase
crew
mon
itorin
g an
d ho
usek
eepi
ng ti
me
-P
rovi
de re
al-w
orld
val
idat
ion
of m
odel
s an
d as
sum
ptio
ns
(cor
rela
te th
erm
al a
nd lo
ads
mod
els)
-E
nsur
e an
acc
epta
ble
leve
l of r
elia
bilit
y an
d m
aint
aina
bilit
y
-A
llow
inst
rum
enta
tion
deci
sion
s to
occ
ur la
ter i
n de
sign
cyc
le(m
inim
izes
re-p
lann
ing
yet m
aint
ain
flexi
bilit
y to
sw
ap o
ut o
r upg
rade
late
r)
Stru
ctur
al H
ealth
Mon
itorin
g O
bjec
tives
#3 P
rovi
de M
ulti-
Rol
e In
tegr
ated
Sys
tem
Fun
ctio
nalit
y
-In
crea
se s
yste
m e
ffici
ency
with
a fl
exib
le a
nd m
odul
ar s
enso
r and
da
ta a
cqui
sitio
n sy
stem
des
ign
appr
oach
(m
inim
ize
volu
me,
mas
s an
d ef
fect
on
infla
tabl
e m
ater
ials
)
-M
inim
ize
impa
ct o
n ot
her h
abita
t sys
tem
s (S
HM
S s
houl
d no
t tax
veh
icle
so
ftwar
e, d
ata
stor
age
and
pow
er)
-S
hare
har
dwar
e an
d da
ta a
cros
s m
ultip
le s
yste
ms
(gen
eric
par
amet
ers
such
as
tem
pera
ture
, pre
ssur
e an
d hu
mid
ity c
an b
e sh
ared
with
oth
er s
ubsy
stem
s)
-Se
nsor
sui
te a
ids
in N
on D
estru
ctiv
e E
valu
atio
n (N
DE
) by
mak
ing
dam
age
visi
ble
to in
spec
tion
equi
pmen
t
-M
odul
e w
alls
ass
ist l
ife s
uppo
rt w
ith th
erm
al c
ontro
l, pr
ovid
e ra
diat
ion
and
MM
OD
pro
tect
ion
and
can
prov
ide
a su
rface
for
mou
ntin
g so
lar c
ells
, whi
le p
oten
tially
hea
ling
itsel
f (se
lf-se
alin
g bl
adde
r)
2.2
Fun
ctio
nal R
equi
rem
ents
SH
MS
Fun
ctio
nal R
equi
rem
ents
Infla
tabl
e/D
eplo
yabl
e Fa
ilure
mod
e D
etec
tion
-Det
ect I
mpa
cts
from
Out
side
(cha
rt fo
llow
s)
-Det
ect P
unct
ures
, Tea
rs, a
nd L
eaks
in B
ladd
ers
(cha
rt fo
llow
s)
-Mon
itor S
train
aro
und
Sof
t and
Har
d M
ater
ial I
nter
face
s
-Mon
itor D
eplo
ymen
t Dyn
amic
s an
d Fi
nal S
hape
-Mon
itor C
reep
in F
lexi
ble
Res
train
t Lay
er
-Det
ect B
uckl
ing
of In
flata
ble
Com
pres
sion
Mem
bers
-Mon
itor W
indo
w S
eals
Impa
ct D
etec
tion
•Th
e S
HM
S s
hall
prov
ide
real
-tim
e m
onito
ring
and
notif
catio
nof
im
pact
s an
d pe
netra
tions
to th
e ex
terio
r of i
nfla
tabl
e ha
bita
ts,
incl
udin
g ev
ent t
ime,
loca
tion,
dep
th o
f pen
etra
tion
and
exte
nt o
f re
sulti
ng d
amag
e
Leak
s in
Bla
dder
•Th
e S
HM
S s
hall
dete
ct p
unct
ures
, tea
rs a
nd le
aks
in b
ladd
er
prio
r to
bein
g m
anne
d:-
dam
age
can
occu
r dur
ing
gro
und
asse
mbl
y or
tran
spor
tatio
n-
on-o
rbit
(pos
t dep
loym
ent)
iden
tify
leak
mag
nitu
de a
nd lo
catio
n in
or
der t
o de
term
ine
prob
able
cau
se o
f dam
age
-id
entif
y m
agni
tude
and
loca
tion
of d
amag
e pr
ior t
o cr
ew e
ntry
in
orde
r to
faci
litat
e tim
ely
repa
irs
man
ned:
-da
mag
e ca
n oc
cur f
rom
insi
de d
ue to
sha
rp o
bjec
ts-
dete
rmin
e ra
te o
f lea
kage
and
tim
e fo
r rep
air o
r eva
cuat
ion
-lo
cate
leak
in s
eals
that
are
cyc
led
(hat
ches
)-
loca
te le
ak in
win
dow
s
SH
M F
unct
ion
Req
uire
men
ts (c
ont.)
•O
ther
failu
re m
ode
dete
ctio
n-
Det
ect d
elam
inat
ion
and
crac
ks-
Det
ect m
ater
ials
and
man
ufac
turin
g de
fect
s-
Mon
itor m
ater
ials
for c
hang
es a
nd d
egra
datio
n-
Det
ect C
onde
nsat
ion
•E
xten
ded
Func
tions
-M
onito
r The
rmal
and
Rad
iatio
n C
ondi
tions
-M
onito
r Stru
ctur
al D
efle
ctio
n, lo
ad a
nd d
ynam
ics
-M
onito
r Mec
hani
cal F
unct
ions
-M
onito
r Atm
osph
ere
(CO
2, s
mok
e)-
Val
idat
e pr
e-fli
ght r
eadi
ness
Sm
oke
Det
ecto
rS
mok
e G
ener
ator
Mon
itor A
tmos
pher
e
•P
rovi
de s
enso
rs fo
r mon
itorin
g co
nden
satio
n, C
O2
and
smok
e
Sm
oke
Det
ecto
r
Sm
oke
Det
ecto
r
Sm
oke
Det
ecto
r
Ver
ifica
tion
of F
oldi
ng
•Fo
ldin
g of
she
ll ar
ound
cor
e is
don
epe
r des
ign
requ
irem
ents
for v
entin
g,ch
affin
g an
d de
ploy
men
t.
•N
eed
verif
icat
ion
that
laye
rs o
f she
llar
e in
cor
rect
orie
ntat
ion
and
conf
igur
atio
n af
ter f
oldi
ng p
roce
dure
s
2.3
Gen
eral
Req
uire
men
ts
SH
M G
ener
al R
equi
rem
ents
•C
ritic
ality
(Crit
1 –
loss
of c
rew
or m
issi
on, C
rit2
–lo
ss o
f mis
sion
)•
Env
ironm
enta
l Req
uire
men
ts (c
hart
follo
win
g pa
ge)
-rad
iatio
n, th
erm
al, M
MO
D, a
tmos
pher
e, p
artic
ulat
es, o
ther
•M
issi
on P
hase
App
licab
ility
(cha
rt fo
llow
ing)
•A
rchi
tect
ural
Req
uire
men
ts-
flexi
bilit
y an
d m
odul
arity
(abi
lity
to m
odify
or e
xpan
d ex
istin
g sy
stem
)-
wire
less
com
mun
icat
ions
-E
mbe
dded
dis
tribu
ted
sens
ors
-ro
bust
ness
and
redu
ndan
cy-
dual
-rol
e tra
nsdu
cers
-se
lf-he
al d
amag
e-
shar
ing
and
optim
izat
ion
of h
ardw
are
acro
ss s
yste
ms
-co
mpa
tibili
ty w
ith th
e ov
eral
l sys
tem
, inc
ludi
ng in
tegr
ate
co
mm
and,
con
trol a
nd c
omm
unic
atio
ns a
rchi
tect
ure
Tab
le 1
-2.
Sam
ple
Ext
erna
l Con
ditio
ns
Rad
iatio
n (n
o sh
ield
ing)
Ther
mal
MM
flux
(im
pact
s/m
2 /yr)
Atm
osph
ere
Part
icul
ate
Abr
asio
n?
Luna
r Su
rface
Tota
l Dos
e: 2
5~10
000
Rad
s/yr
(~60
Rad
/yr +
SPE
s)10
0 to
400
K1
mm
: 7×1
0–4
5 m
m: 1
×10–
6H
ard
vacu
umYe
s
Luna
r Su
bsur
face
~26
mR
ad@
~2m
dep
th
(equ
iv. E
arth
sea
-leve
l)24
0 to
260
KN
/AH
ard
vacu
umYe
s
Mar
tian
Surfa
ceTo
tal D
ose:
3~1
2 R
ads/
yr[2
.6~5
.7 R
ad/y
r + S
PEs]
150
to 3
10K
1 m
m: 2
×10-
8
5 m
m: 3
×10-
10C
O2;
0.1a
tmYe
s
Mar
tian
Subs
urfa
ceU
nkno
wn
200
to 2
40K
N/A
—Ye
s
LEO
(51°
incl
.)To
tal D
ose:
60~
1000
Rad
s/yr
[50~
80 R
ad/y
r + S
PEs]
Sola
r: 13
70 W
/m2
Plan
etar
y IR
: 26
0 W
/m2
1 m
m: 6
×10-
3
5 m
m: 4
×10-
6At
omic
Oxy
gen
No
Sour
ces:
Luna
r Bas
e H
andb
ook,
Pet
er E
ckar
t.S
pace
Env
ironm
ent,
Trib
ble,
Prin
ceto
n U
niv
Pre
ss, 1
995.
Nat
ural
Env
ironm
ent f
or S
pace
Sta
tion
Des
ign,
Rev
isio
n A
. NA
SA
SS
P-3
0425
/A, J
une
1989
.N
AS
A T
P 3
300,
Mar
s S
urfa
ce R
adia
tion
Exp
osur
e fo
r Sol
ar M
axim
um C
ondi
tions
and
198
9 S
olar
Pro
ton
Eve
nts,
199
3.N
AS
A M
ars
Tran
spor
tatio
n E
nviro
nmen
t TM
210
935.
NA
SA
Tec
hnic
al P
aper
330
0, L
isa
C. S
imon
sen
& J
ohn
E. N
ealy
.
Mis
sion
Pha
se
Func
tiona
l Req
uire
men
t
Manufacturing
Test
Integration
Checkout & Qual.
Packaging
Installation
Launch/Ascent
LEO
Transit
Descent & Landing
Relocation
Deployment
Initial Operations
Long-term Operations
Upgrades
EOL Extension
Det
ect i
mpa
cts
and
pene
tratio
ns√
√√
√
Det
ect p
unct
ures
, tea
rs o
r lea
ks in
bla
dder
s√
√√
√√
√√
√√
√√
Mon
itor s
train
aro
und
soft/
hard
mat
eria
l int
erfa
ces
√√
√√
√√
√√
√
Mon
itor d
eplo
ymen
t dyn
amic
s an
d fin
al s
hape
√√
√√
√√
√√
√
Mon
itor c
reep
in fl
exib
le re
stra
int l
ayer
√√
√√
√√
√√
Det
ect b
uckl
ing
of in
flata
ble
com
pres
sion
mem
bers
√√
√√
√
Det
ect c
old-
flow
of m
embr
anes
√√
√√
Det
ect d
elam
inat
ion
and
crac
ks√
√√
√√
√√
√√
Det
ect m
ater
ials
and
man
ufac
turin
g de
fect
s√
√√
√√
√√
√√
Mon
itor m
ater
ials
for c
hang
es a
nd d
egra
datio
n√
√√
√
Det
ect c
onde
nsat
ion
√√
√√
√√
√√
√√
√√
√√
Mon
itor t
herm
al d
ynam
ics
√√
√√
√√
√√
√√
√√
√
Mon
itor s
truct
ural
sta
tic d
efle
ctio
n, lo
ad a
nd d
ynam
ics
√√
√√
√√
√√
√√
√√
√√
Mon
itor m
echa
nica
l fun
ctio
ns√
√√
√√
√√
√√
√
Func
tiona
l Req
uire
men
ts v
s. M
issi
on P
hase
s
3.0
Im
plem
enta
tion
SH
MS
Impl
emen
tatio
n
Stru
ctur
al C
ompo
nent
Typ
es–
Mos
t inf
lata
ble
desi
gn c
once
pts
incl
ude
both
flex
ible
and
rigi
d el
emen
ts a
nd a
wid
e ra
nge
of
mat
eria
ls. T
he fo
llow
ing
tabl
e lis
ts m
ost o
f the
stru
ctur
es e
xpec
ted
to
be e
ncou
nter
ed in
the
next
dec
ade.
Eac
h ha
s its
ow
n un
ique
des
ign
para
met
ers
and
heal
th m
onito
ring
requ
irem
ents
. Diff
eren
t sen
sor
and
mon
itorin
g so
lutio
ns w
ill b
e op
timal
for e
ach.
SH
MS
Impl
emen
tatio
nS
truct
ural
Com
pone
nt T
ypes
–M
ost i
nfla
tabl
ede
sign
con
cept
s in
clud
e bo
th fl
exib
le a
nd ri
gid
elem
ents
and
a w
ide
rang
e of
mat
eria
ls. T
he fo
llow
ing
tabl
e lis
ts m
ost o
f the
stru
ctur
es
expe
cted
to b
e en
coun
tere
d in
the
next
dec
ade.
Eac
h ha
s its
ow
n un
ique
des
ign
para
met
ers
and
heal
th m
onito
ring
requ
irem
ents
. Diff
eren
t sen
sor a
nd m
onito
ring
solu
tions
will
be o
ptim
al
for e
ach.
Com
pone
ntD
escr
iptio
n
Out
er L
ayer
sFo
r orb
ital o
r spa
ce-b
orne
hab
itats
this
laye
r pro
vide
s A
O p
rote
ctio
n. F
or s
urfa
ce
habi
tats
it p
rovi
des
abra
sion
resi
stan
ce a
nd p
ossi
bly
ther
mal
man
agem
ent.
MM
OD
Shi
eld
This
is ty
pica
lly e
ither
a s
oft o
r rig
id m
ultil
ayer
coa
ting
of s
igni
fican
t thi
ckne
ss (>
10
cm).
The
num
ber o
f lay
ers
depe
nds
on th
e en
viro
nmen
t: th
e lu
nar s
urfa
ce re
quire
s le
ss p
rote
ctio
n th
an L
EO
.
Ther
mal
Insu
latio
nTy
pica
lly s
ever
al la
yers
of m
ulti-
laye
r ins
ulat
ion
(MLI
).
Res
trai
nt L
ayer
sTh
is p
rovi
des
mec
hani
cal s
uppo
rt fo
r the
inne
r bla
dder
(s) a
nd d
efin
es th
e sh
ape
of
the
habi
tat.
Bla
dder
sTh
e lo
w-p
erm
eabi
lity
mem
bran
e th
at fo
rms
a ga
s ba
rrier
to c
onta
in th
e br
eath
able
at
mos
pher
e in
side
the
habi
tat.
Som
e de
sign
s ha
ve m
ultip
le b
ladd
ers
for
redu
ndan
cy.
Ble
ed C
loth
sU
sed
betw
een
blad
ders
in m
ultil
ayer
bla
dder
des
igns
.
Scuf
f Lay
ers
Pro
tect
s th
e in
side
of t
he b
ladd
er fr
om d
amag
e du
e to
cre
w a
ctiv
ity.
Rig
id C
ompo
nent
sIn
clud
es w
indo
w a
ssem
blie
s, a
irloc
ks, b
ulkh
eads
, stru
ctur
al b
eam
s &
col
umns
, rig
id s
hells
sec
tions
SH
MS
Impl
emen
tatio
n
Syst
em A
rchi
tect
ure
(figu
re fo
llow
ing
page
)•
Uni
que
Cha
lleng
es fo
r Inf
lata
ble/
Dep
loya
ble
Stru
ctur
es-
Larg
e fle
xibl
e re
gion
s of
mul
tiple
laye
rs-
prov
idin
g po
wer
and
obt
aini
ng d
ata
from
a la
rge
num
ber o
f wid
ely
spac
ed s
enso
rs-
flexi
ble
sens
ors
that
mus
t mat
ch th
eir r
espe
ctiv
e su
bstra
tes
to m
inim
ize
stra
in•
The
Bal
ance
bet
wee
n C
entra
lizat
ion
and
Dec
entra
lizat
ion
•D
istri
bute
d S
ensi
ng•
Initi
al D
ata
Acq
uisi
tion
and
Net
wor
king
Arc
hite
ctur
e•
Sen
sors
and
Act
uato
rs
-ind
ivid
ually
wire
d in
to a
n el
ectri
cal s
yste
m-M
ultip
lexe
d th
roug
h an
alog
sw
itche
s-I
nter
face
d vi
a ra
dio
frequ
ency
inte
rrog
atio
n (R
FID
)•
Dat
a A
cqui
sitio
n
Con
cept
ual S
HM
S A
rchi
tect
ure
In
tegr
ated
H
ealth
M
onito
ring
Stru
ctur
al
Hea
lth
Mon
itorin
g
Rem
ote
Hea
lth N
ode
(RH
N #
1)
Env
ironm
enta
l M
onito
ring
Air
Han
dlin
gW
ater
H
andl
ing
Mec
hani
cal
Sys
tem
s
RH
N #
2R
HN
#3
Acc
ess
Poi
nt
Han
dhal
d or
D
eplo
yabl
e R
HN
#4
RH
N #
5
Bus
(wire
d, fi
bero
ptic
, wire
less
)
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
X-d
ucer
X-d
ucer
Sm
art
Sys
tem
X-d
ucer
C
once
ptua
l Hyb
rid
SHM
S A
rchi
tect
ure
for
Futu
re S
pace
Hab
itats
(Cen
tral
ized
and
Dec
entr
aliz
ed)
(Wir
ed a
nd W
irel
ess)
(Sta
ndar
d Se
nsor
s and
Sm
art S
yste
ms)
Dep
loya
ble
Cre
w a
nd
rem
otel
y op
erat
ed
sens
ors,
imag
ers a
nd
inte
rroga
tors
Sta
ndar
d C
entra
lized
W
ired
Dat
a
A
cqui
sitio
n
Inst
rum
enta
tion
X-du
cers
SH
MS
Impl
emen
tatio
n
Syst
em A
rchi
tect
ure
(con
t)•
Dat
a P
roce
ssin
g an
d S
tora
ge-
Dat
a-de
pend
ent A
cqui
sitio
n or
Tra
nsm
issi
ona)
tim
e ba
sed
b) p
rimar
y da
ta c
hann
elc)
Aux
iliar
y da
ta c
hann
els
d) O
n-de
man
d-
Dat
a re
duct
ion
and
Sen
sor F
usio
n-
Tim
e sy
nchr
oniz
atio
n(a
bsol
ute
and
rela
tive)
-N
otifi
catio
n an
d R
epor
ting
-In
tegr
atio
n an
d S
yner
gy w
ith O
ther
Hab
itat
-S
mar
t Sys
tem
s
SH
MS
Impl
emen
tatio
n
•D
ata
proc
essi
ng a
nd s
tora
ge-
data
com
mun
icat
ions
a) w
ired
netw
ork
sens
ors/
actu
ator
sb)
pow
er li
ne c
omm
unic
atio
nsc)
wire
less
net
wor
ked
sens
ors/
actu
ator
sA
dvan
tage
s of
wire
less
:1)
saf
ety
and
relia
bilit
y2)
life
-cyc
le c
osts
3) p
erfo
rman
ce-
pow
er re
quire
men
tstra
ditio
nal p
ower
dis
tribu
tion
low
-vol
tage
pow
er
lo
cal e
nerg
y st
orag
ew
ires
or e
xist
ing
met
allic
stru
ctur
e or
laye
rs w
ithin
hab
itat s
hell
non-
rech
arge
able
bat
terie
s –
Bet
a-vo
ltaic
scav
engi
ng c
once
pts
ther
mal
diff
eren
tials
or s
olar
sou
rces
rem
ote
pow
er d
istri
butio
n –
RF
or la
ser s
ourc
esin
stan
tane
ous
pow
er -
impa
ct
4.0
Sum
mar
y
SH
MS
Sum
mar
y
•In
flata
ble
Stru
ctur
es o
ffer s
igni
fican
t adv
anta
ges
for c
rew
hab
itats
•H
owev
er th
ey p
rese
nt u
niqu
e ch
alle
nges
to im
plem
entin
g a
Stru
ctur
al
Hea
lth M
onito
ring
Sys
tem
(SH
MS
)-
larg
e fle
xibl
e st
ruct
ures
of m
ultip
le la
yers
-po
wer
ing
and
obta
inin
g da
ta fr
om la
rge
num
ber o
f sen
sors
-fle
xibl
e m
ater
ials
are
mor
e se
nsiti
ve to
incl
usio
n of
sen
sors
•W
irele
ss S
yste
ms
usin
g ul
tra-lo
w-p
ower
and
no-
pow
er s
enso
rs
alle
viat
es th
ese
prob
lem
s•
NA
SA
is le
adin
g ef
fort
to d
efin
e hi
gh le
vel S
HM
S o
bjec
tives
and
re
quire
men
ts•
Com
mer
cial
dev
elop
ers
of in
flata
ble
stru
ctur
es a
re li
kely
to im
plem
ent
SH
MS
on
fligh
t veh
icle
s in
the
near
term
The
Futu
re
5.0
Con
tribu
tors
Con
tribu
tors
Text
and
Tab
les:
“Stru
ctur
al H
ealth
Sys
tem
Tec
hnol
ogie
s fo
r Inf
lata
ble/
Dep
loya
ble
Spa
ce V
ehic
les”
, Sep
t.24,
200
6, C
hapt
er 1
–“In
trodu
ctio
ns a
nd
Nee
ds A
naly
sis”
; Erik
J. B
rand
on, M
ax V
ozof
f, To
ny P
aris
(JP
L),
Geo
rge
Stu
dor(
JSC
), et
.al.
Pict
ures
:•
NA
SA
Infla
tabl
e S
truct
ures
–gr
in.h
q.na
sa.g
ov, n
asa.
gov
•G
enes
is I
–bi
gelo
wae
rosp
ace.
com
•Tr
ansH
abC
once
pt–
ocw
.mit.
edu
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