Zellen, Bakterien und Viren - The Protein Chemistry · PDF fileThe Nobel Price in Physiology...

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Zellen, Bakterien und Viren Antibiotika wirken nur gegen Bakterien, nicht aber gegen Viren und körpereigene eukaryontische Zellen

Transcript of Zellen, Bakterien und Viren - The Protein Chemistry · PDF fileThe Nobel Price in Physiology...

Page 2: Zellen, Bakterien und Viren - The Protein Chemistry · PDF fileThe Nobel Price in Physiology or Medicine 2008 „for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"

Größenverhältnisse

Page 3: Zellen, Bakterien und Viren - The Protein Chemistry · PDF fileThe Nobel Price in Physiology or Medicine 2008 „for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"

Eukaryontische Zellen

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Bakterien

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Virusreplikation: Phagen

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Integration

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KlassifikationNach Struktur:

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Klassifikation

1. Algen

3. Bakterien

5. Invertebraten

7. Protozoen

Nach Wirt:

2. Archae

4. Pilze

6. Pflanzen

8. Vertebraten

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KlassifikationNach Genom (Baltimore):

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Transposons: Springende Gene

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Transposons: Vermehrende Gene

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Retrotransposons: Vermehrende Gene

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Prione

43% α-Helix 30% α-Helix

spongiöse Veränderungen, amyloide Plaqus

Page 19: Zellen, Bakterien und Viren - The Protein Chemistry · PDF fileThe Nobel Price in Physiology or Medicine 2008 „for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"

The Nobel Pricein Physiology or Medicine 2008

„for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"

Haraldzur Hausen

LucMontagnier

FrancoiseBarre-Sinoussi

„for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus "

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The Nobel Pricein Physiology or Medicine 2008

„Robert Gallo ließ sich einst als Entdecker des Aids-Virus feiern und hoffte auf den Nobelpreis. Doch die Jury in Stockholm strafte ihn ab."

"Mika, are you crazy?"

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Nature (2006): 443, 380

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Prävalenz (2005)

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Virussubtypen

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T-Lymphozyten

MHC I

CD4CD8T-Zell-Rezeptor

MHC II

Zytokine

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T-Lymphozyten

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HIV - Zielzellen (CD4 positiv)

MHC II

CD4

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HIV-Aufbau

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HIV-Genom

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Infektionszyklen des HIV

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Infektionsmechanismus von HIV

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Trimere Struktur von gp120 und gp41

Nature (2006): 441, 817

CD4-BindungV3

V1/V2

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Konformationsänderungvon gp120 nach CD4-Bindung

Nature (2005): 433, 785-906

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Ausknospung des HIV

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HIV Lebenszyklus

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Diagnostik

Nachweis der Infektion:

ELISA: screeningtest zum AntikörpernachweisWesternblot: Bestätigung bei ELISA-positiven Seren

Verlaufskontrolle:

PCR: Bestimmung des "virus load"flow cytometry: "CD4-count„Sequenzierung: genotyping

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SDS-PAGEEnzyme linked immunosorband assay

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ELISA

1. Antigenbeschichtung

HIV-AG

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ELISA

Spülen

HIV-AG

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HIV-AG BSA

ELISA

2. Blockierung

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ELISA

Spülen

HIV-AG BSA

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ELISA

3. Inkubation mit Patientenserum

HIV-AG BSA HIV-AK

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ELISA

Spülen

HIV-AG BSA HIV-AK

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ELISA

4. Inkubation mit Antikörperkonjugat

HIV-AG BSA HIV-AK Konjugat

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ELISA

Spülen

HIV-AG BSA HIV-AK Konjugat

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ELISA

Inkubation mit Substrat

HIV-AG BSA HIV-AK Konjugat Substrat Produkt

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SDS-PAGEsodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide

gel electrophoresis

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Western-Blot

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Westernblot eines HIV-positiven Serums

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PCRpolymerase chain reaction

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Verlaufskontrolle

CD4-count

virus load

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Therapeutische Angriffspunkte

HAARTHigly active anti-retroviral therapy= Kombi-Therapie

NRTI:Nukleosid. RT-Inhibitor

NNRTI:nicht-Nukleosid.RT-Inhibitor

PI:Proteaseinhibitoren

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Nukleosidische RT-InhibitorenModifizierte Nukleotide

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nicht Nukleosidische RT-Inhibitoren

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Protease-Inhibitoren

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Hemmung der Virusreifung

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PSC-RANTES: Blockierung von CCR5

Science (2004): 306, 387 Science (2003): 299, 1505

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Antikörper

Science (2003): 299, 1505

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Wirtsabhängige Faktoren

Science (2005): 307, 1422