VMR=

SWrucWural Analysis of HisWorical ConsWrucWions – Jerzy Jasieńko (ed) © 2012 DPNH ProcławH PolandH ISSN 0860-2395H ISBN 978-83-7125-216-7

STraY lc AkTfnrb tllabk cillo bibjbkTS lc CelSbk BrfiafkGS colj SlrTeJbASTbok mliAka oóżańska AnnaNI Burawska fzabelaOI molicińska-perwa AnnaPI horóciński tojciechQI jazurek AndrzejRI Beer miotrSI pwaczóna frenaT ABSToACT =qhe=article =describes=and=analóses=issues=related=to=the=structure=and=materials =of =wooden=floors =and=éarquets=dating=to=the=second=quarter=of= the=NVth=centuróI= that=have=been=éreserved= in=antique=manor=houses=of=pouthJbastern=moland=EqarnowiecI=calejówkaFK==qhe=structures=aéélied=in=those=buildings=consisted=of=joist=structures=made=of=beams=élaced=on=a=laóer=of=sand=directló=on=the=groundI=or=of=ceiling=beamsI=ventilated=from=the=bottomI=suééorted=bó=bricked=éillars=and=sometimes=also=bó=binding=joistsK=_oarding=was=élaced=on=their=toéI=and=éarquet=éanels=or=élanks=were=installed=on=itK=fn=rare=casesI=the=éarquet=éanels=were=élaced=directló=on=the=beamsI=with=no=boardingK=qhe=bottom=surface=of=the=éarquet=elements=was=unevenI=therefore=it=was=necessaró=to=aééló=wedges=and=sand=as=a=base=in=order=to=even=the=surfaceK=fn=exceétional=casesI=the=wooden=éarquet=was=élaced=on=sand=over=a=mineral=baseK=qhe=research=included=the=followingW=

– fdentification=of=the=floor=structure=and=analósis=of=stresses=created=bó=static=loads;=– qest=of=the=strains=of=the=éanels=and=of=other=laóers=of=the=structure;=– Analósis=of=the=designs=of=individual=éanels=and=of=the=selection=of=wood=séecies=with=éarticular=

characteristics=and=its=iméact=on=the=stabilitó=of=éanel=dimensionsK==qhe=research=and=works=carried=out=showed=that=the=technical=state=of=the=floors=differs=deéending=on=their=structureI=on=the=éarquet=structureI=on=the=wood=séecies=aéélied=and=on=the=manner=of=usageK=

=heówordsW cloorI marquetI ptructureI aesign NK BAChGolrka =qhe= floorI= as= an= architectural= element= that= forms= and= integral= éart= of= the= interiorsI= is= undoubtedló=a=valuable= coméonent= of= antique= interiors= xNzK= rnfortunatelóI= due= to= the= introduction= of= collective=éroéertó=and= the=aééroériation=of=manor=houses=after=torld=tar= ffI= their=éarquets= were= irreversibló=destroóed= together= with= other= elements= of= interior= furnishingK= At= this= momentI= onló= iconograéhic=materials=can=show=us=the=richness=of=manó=of=those=housesK=qhere=is=an=urgent=need=of=stockJtaking=and= documenting= the= buildings= that= have= been= éreservedI= as= well= as= recreating= the= designs= and=structure= of= nonJexisting= éarquetsI= due= to= the= ongoing= deteriorationI= frequent= changes= of= building=owners= and= the= refurbishment= worksK= qhis= kind= of= documentation= allows= us= to= éreserve= historical=memoróI=as=it=was=the=case=with=the=éarquet=on=the=first=floor=of=the=eóżne=manor=houseI=known=onló=thanks= to= the= stockJtaking= documentationI= or= the=kiwiska= first= floor= éarquet= that= was= reélaced= with=a=new=one=xNI=OzK=================================================N=jpcI=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciences=–=tripI=annamariaKrozanska]gmailKcom=O=jpcI=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciences=–=tripI=izabela_burawska]sggwKél=P=jpcI=_uilding=oesearch=fnstitute=–=fq_I=aKserwa]itbKél=Q=jpcI=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciences=–=tripI=strugacz]gmailKcom=R=jpcI=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciences=–=tripI=andrzej_mazurek]sggwKél=S=mrofKI=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciences=–=tripI=éiotrKbeer]onetKél=T=mrofKI=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciences=–=trip=

VMS=

OK mromlSb lc obASboCe =janó=different= structural=solutions= can=be=found= in= the=wooden=floors=of=éalaces=and=manor= housesK=pome=of=the=structures=reéeat=in=several=buildingsI=other=solutions=are=uniqueK=qhe=aim=of=the=research=is= to= verifó= whether= the= construction= solutions= used= in= antique= floors= of= pouthJbastern= moland= are=rationalK=qhe=tests=done=during=research=will=helé=us=assess=whether= the=old=éarquet= is= fit= for= further=useK=qheó= will=make= it= éossible= to=séecifó= the=criterion= to=choose=between= the=renovation=of=antique=éarquet=and=its=reélacementK=qhe=resistance=and=usage=éarameters=of=a=floor=are=definiteló=a=valuable=tool=to=evaluate=the=safetó=of=a=given=structureK=qheó=are=associated=with=the=caéacitó=to=transfer=own=loads=and=the=loads=related=to=usageK=fméroéer=manner=of=use=of=the=structureI=errors=in=its=assembló=and=the=érocess=of=natural=wood=aging=could=have=weakened=it= significantlóK=joreoverI= it= is=also=iméortant= to=bear= in=mind=that=at=the=beginning=of=the=OMth=centuró=the=teméerature=in=the=interiors=used=to=be=about=NM°C=lower=than=nowI=which=translates=to=different=humiditó=conditions=xPzK=eigher=humiditó=causes=inevitable=biological=éest=develoémentI= including= fungi= and= insectsK= qhe= historical= value= of= a= floor= makes= it= iméerative= to=undertake=actions=aimed=at=its=éreservationI=while=the=determination=of=resistance=and=usage=éarameters=makes=allows=for=aééroériate=and=oétimum=selection=of=means=to=achieve=that=aimK=

=PK obSbAoCe jATbofAi =qhe=research= related= to=floor= structures=aéélied= in=pouthJbastern=moland= included=TS= floors= from=ON=sites=where=NVth=centuró=decorative=wooden=éarquets=have=been=éreservedK=qhese=were=floors=from=castles=–=ŁańcutI=hozłówkaI=warzeczeI=mrzeworsk=and=gulin=eunting=iodgeI=as=well=as=floors=from= manor= houses= Eamong= others= qarnowiecI= calejówkaI= _ieździedzaI= aódniaI= mrzewrotneI=pzebnieI= tódrnaI=ŻarnowieI= eóżneI= titkowiceI= kiwiskaI= holbuszowa= outbuilding=and=lstrowó=quszowskie=vicarageFK=tithin=one=single=building=and=sometimes=even=in=the=same=room=Eoococo=palon=in=ŁańcutF=we=can=find=different= kinds=of= floor= structure=ranging=from=traditional=solutions=to=unusual=onesK= PKNK Construction solutions of floors from the N9th centuró qhe= floor= consists= of= various= laóersW= suééort= structureI= blind= floor= EoétionalF= and= éarquet= xQzK= qhe=structure=of=wooden=floors=in=pouthJbastern=moland=includes=beamsK=qhe=suééort=structure=maó=consist=of=overhanging=beams=–=when=theó=are=mounted=in=oéenings=in=the=walls=serving=as=éoints=of=suééort=EeKgK=mrzewrotne=manor=houseW=cigK=NAFI= or= joists=connected=through=a= laé= joint= with=a=beam=élaced=alongside= the= wall= or= joists= that= onló= touch= the= wallK= qhe= joists= have= continuous= suééort= thanks= to=a=laóer= of= sand= on=which= theó=are=élaced= EcigK= N_FK= Another= solution= was= aéélied= in= the=hozłówka=malaceI=where=the=éarquets=of=the=ground=floor=are=élaced=on=joists=that= laó=on=a=base=made=of=bricks=connected=with=calcium=mortarK=fn=the=Łańcut=CastleI=flooring=élanks=laó=on=a=mineral=baseI=élaced=on=a=laóer=of=sand=located=directló=on=the=ceiling=EcigK=NCFK==

=

=

cigK N=cloor= structure=scheme= in= mrzewrotne=EAW=éanelI= boardingI= ceiling=beamsI=éostFI= the=manner= of=éarquet=installation=in=the=Łańcut=_all=ooom=E_W=a=–=éanelI=b=–=boardingI=c=J=ceiling=beamsI=d=–=sandF=and=in=the=Łańcut===================================================Castle=Chaéel=ECW=a=–=éanelI=b=–=sandI=c=–=concreteF=

=qhe= beams= serve= as= suééort= for= the= boardingK= pometimes= the= boards= are= organised= in= decorative=éatterns=of=squares=seéarated=bó=transverse=battensI=forming=the=so=called=frieze=floorsK=qhe=éarquet=–=the=external= laóer=of=the=floor=–=is=élaced=on=boarding=xQzK=aue=to=the=fact=that=the=bottom=surface=of=NVth=centuró=éarquets= is=usualló=unevenI=sandI= wedges=or= wood=shavings= were=aéélied=as=a= baseI= or=additional=wooden=elements=were=introduced=on=the=continuous=suééorting=baseK==

VMT=

PKOK clooring structure Antique=éarquets=can=have=oneJlaóer=or= twoJlaóer=structureK=qhe=aééearance=of=a= twoJlaóer=structure=limited=the=use=of=material=and=simélified=the=érocess=of=éarquet=manufactureK=fn=antique=éalaces=and=manor=houses=of=pouthJbastern=molandI=oneJlaóer=Esolid=woodF=structure=was=aéélied=in=all=the=élank=éarquets=and=in=most=of=the=éanels=éarquets=with=siméle=geometric=éatternsK=qhis=kind=of=structure=maó=be= found= in= the=Łańcut= éarquets= with= geometric= éatterns= dating= to= the= NUPMsI= in= siméle= hozłówka=malace= éarquets= and= in= éarquets= of= manor= housesK= jore= comélex= éarquets= with= floral= éatterns= in=ŁańcutI =a =rosette =from =the =malace =in =warzeczeI =éarquets =from =the =malace =in =mrzeworskI =as =well =as =éarquets=from=the=hozłówka=malace=with=an=elaborate=geometric=éattern=dating=to=the=turn=of=the=NVth=and=OMth=centuró=all=have=twoJlaóer=structureK=ft=comérises=a=front=wear=surface=with=a=éatternI=and=an=underlóing=laóer=made=of=éine=frames=stabilised=with=a=middle=element=and=several=éine=boards=whose=fibre=direction=is=éarallel=to=that=of=the=frame=elementsK=seró= oftenI= éarquets= with= the= same= structure= but= with= different= dimensions= and= éroéortions= of=elements= can=be=found= in=the=same=buildingK=qhis= refers= to=élank=éarquets= in=the=Łańcut=CastleI=as=well=as= to=éanel=éarquetsK=qhe=oak=éarquet= in=the=rooms=on=the=first= floor= of= the=Łańcut=Castle=has=different=dimensions=in=each=of=the=roomsI=being=about=OOMJOVR=mm=long=and=NNMJNQT=mm=wide=xRzK=fn= the=qarnowiec=manor= houseI= the=same=éanel=éattern=reéeats= in= two=variants= that= differ= as= to= the=éroéortions= of= elements= within= one= éanel= and= the= overall= volume= dimensions= of= each= éanel=ESQR=×=SQR=and=RUM=×=RUMFK==qhe=unique=dimensions=of=éarquet=éanel=in=different=rooms=and=manor=houses=are=due=to=the=factI=that=until= the= middle= of= NVth= centuró= theó= were= made= manuallóK= pince= the= end= of= the= NVth= centuróI= the=éanels= have=been=factoró=madeK= fn=manor= housesI= éanel=éarquets=veró=often= were= found=onló= in= few=rooms= that= had= reéresentational= function= xTzI= or= in= the= rooms= that= were= furnished= before= the= OMth=centuróI=when=élank=éarquets=with=herringJbone=éattern=became=éoéularK=konethelessI=éanel=éarquets=and=élank=éarquets=would=often=be=made=in=éarallelI=as=in=the=case=of=mrzewrotneI=where=éanel=éarquet=aééears=in=the=hall=and=in=the=frontJside=suite=of=roomsI=while=élanks=are=found=in=the=living=room=and=in=other=rooms=on=the=gardenJside;=or=as=in=the=case=of==_ieździedzaI=where=élanks=were=installed=on=the=ground=floor=and=éanels=on=the=first=floorK=mlanks=dating=to=the=first=half=of=the=NVth=centuró=have=higher=widthJtoJlength=ratio=than=the=élanks=used=laterK==qhe=bottom=side=of=the=éarquet=élanks=and=éanels=was=onló=roughló=hewnK=As=a=resultI=there=are=visible=differences=in=thickness=within=one=single=élank=EcigK=OAFI=as=well=as=between=different=elementsK=qhe=bottom= side= of= élanks= and= éanels= shows= signs= of= mechanical= érocessing= Ecircular= sawF= or= manual=érocessing=EaxeI=élane=with=a=rounded=edgeF=EcigK=O_FK==

A====== _=== C=

cigK O=mlank=from=the=oococo=palon=in=Łańcut=with=a=visible=difference=in=thickness=EAFI=uneven=bottom=side=of=a=qarnowiec=éarquet=éanel=showing=signs=of=érocessing=E_F=and=differences=in=thickness=between=the=frame=and=the=

filling=ECF==

fn=case=of=oneJlaóer= éanel=éarquetsI= the=differences= in= thickness= result=not= onló= from= the=manner= of=érocessing =of =their =bottom=sideI =but =are =also =due =to =saving =the =material =in =case =of =the =éarquet =tóées =inséired=bó=crench=baroque=éatternsK=qhe=filling=elements=used=to=be=much=thinner=and=suséended=on=their= external=frame=thanks= to=a= sóstem=of= joints= EcigK=OCFK= fn=the=NVth=centuróI= in=the=area=of=pouthJbastern=molandI=a=éattern=inséired=bó=crench=residential=architecture=of= the=poubise=malace=consisting=of= two= squares= turned= bó=QR= degrees= in= relation= to= each= other= and= lined= with=battensI= with= a= central=motif= of= two=crossed=battens= EcigK=PAFI= was= veró=éoéular= EeKgK= qarnowiecI= aódniaI= _ieździedza= and=calejówka=manor=housesFK=qhis=éattern=can=be=more=or= less=elaborate=and=the=variants=maó=varó=as=to=the=éroéortions=of=elementsI= fibre=directions=or= the=wood=séecies=aéélied=EeKgK= the=mrzeworsk=malaceI=kikiska= manor= house= or= staff= outbuilding= in= holbuszowaFK= ft= has= a= simélified= variant= consisting= of=a=frame= and= of= an= internal= cross= motif= EeKgK= qarnowiecI= _ieździedzaI= mrzewrotneI= kiwiska= or=titkowice=manor=housesFK==

VMU=

A= _= C=cigK P=ptructure=of=a=éanel=from=qarnowiec=ooom=number=QI=with=visible=joints=EAI=_F=and=joints=used=

between=éarquet=éanels=ECF==

lne= and= twoJlaóer= éarquets= from= the= NVth= centuró= were= connected= with= the= use= of= a= sóstem= of=woodwork=jointsI=although=sometimes=glue=was=aéélied=to=strengthen=themK= ft=wasn’t=until=the=NVPMs=when=mosaic=éarquet=that=did=not=use=anó=joints=was=invented=in=pwitzerlandK=qhe=individual=elements=in=the=éanels=are=connected=with=tongue=in=groove=jointsI=with=dowel=éins=and=with=laé=joints=EcigK=P_FK=Connections=between=éanels=are=made=with=séline=joints=EcigK=PCFI=rareló=with=tongue=in=groove=joints=Eéanel=from=the=staff=outbuilding=in=holbuszowaFK==

=QK SClmb lc obSbAoCe =qhe=research=included=antique=wooden=floors=éreserved=in=situ=in=two=rooms=of=the=qarnowiec=manor=house=and=one=room=in=the=calejówka=manor=houseK=qhe=floors=differ=as=to=the=construction=solutions=that=were=aééliedI=and=as=to=the=state=of=éreservationK=tood=durabilitó=is=understood=as=the=éeriod=of=resistance= Ethat= isI= the=éreservation= of= éroéerties= éermitting= the= usageF= to= the= factors= causing= wood=decoméosition=xTzK=qhe=durabilitó=of=an=antique=éarquet=deéends=on=the=éroéerties=of=the=material=that=it=was=made=of=séeciesI=structureI=chemical=coméosition=of=wood=xUz=and=the=microclimate=of=the=room=where=it=was=located=xVzK=qhe=durabilitó=should=be=analósed=basing=on=the=mechanical=éroéerties=of=the=éarquet=woodI=and=eséecialló=its=hardnessI=elasticitóI= strength=éroéerties=Ecoméressive=strength=across=fibresI=shear=strength=and=sélitting=strengthFI=wear=resistanceI=resistance=to=scratches=and=resistance=to=microbiological=factorsK=qhe=research=included=the=followingW=identification=of=the=floor=structure=and=analósis= of=stresses=created=bó=static=loads;= test= of= the= strains= of=the=éanels=and=of=other= laóers=of= the=structure;=analósis=of=the=designs=of=individual=tiles=and=of=the=selection=of=wood=séecies=with=éarticular=characteristics=and=its=iméact=on=the=stabilitó=of=éanel=dimensionsK==

=RK obSbAoCe jbTelalilGY =fn=order=to=assess=the=exact=resistance=éarameters=of=antique=éarquetsI=the=following=have=been=chosen=as=the=most=iméortantW=bending=strength=and=the=modulus=of=elasticitó=when=bending=elements=of=éanel=framesK=aestructive=tests= were=carried=out=with=saméles= taken= from=disassembled=éarquet= fragments=from=the=qarnowiec=and=calejówka=manor=housesK==qhe= wood= test= érogram= was= éreéared= basing= on= the= testing= methodologó= described= in= the= mkJbk=QMUWOMNM= standard= xNMzK= qest= saméles= were= obtained= from= battens= taken= out= from= the= frames= of=disassembled=éanelsK=qhe=tests=saméles=were=mechanicalló=érocessedK=qhe=external=laóer=was=éolished=Eon=the=wear= surface=sideFI=and=tongues=and=dowel=éins=were=removedK=qhe=éolishing=was= similar= to=éotential=renovation=worksI=while=the=fact=of=cutting=off=the=tongues=and=dowel=éins=made=it=éossible=to=obtain=a=uniformI=rectangular=sectionK=_efore=the=testsI=the=saméles=were=acclimatised=until=obtaining=stable=mass=in=laboratoró=climate=conditions=EOM=–OF°C=and=with=humiditó=of=ESR=–RFBK=qhe=load=was=aéélied=at=two=éoints=of=a=saméleI=whose=length=amounted=to=NU=times=the=height=of=the=cross=sectionK=qhe= feeding= séeed= of= the= load= aéélóing= device= during= the= test= was= below= MKMMP=h= EmmLsFK= qhe=destructive= force= was= measured= with= an= accuracó= of= ué= to= MKNBK= qhere= was= a= deviation= from= the=standard=as=to=the=number=of=saméles=testedI=as=it=amounted=to=S=instead=of=NM=required=bó=the=standardK==kumerical=calculationsI= with=the=use=of= the= finite=element=methodI= were=carried=out= in=the=Autodesk=fnventor=softwareK=qhe=statistical=analósis=was=done=on=the=basis=of=antique=éarquet=saméles=taken=from=two=rooms=of=qarnowiecK=qhe=material=éarameters=of=new=wood=assumed=for=the=numerical=studó=were=based= on= data= from= reference= literatureI= while= antique= wood= éarameters= were= based= additionalló= on=own=research=xNNI=NOzK=qhe=élastic=limit=was=assumed=as=the=criterion=of=destructionK=qhe=load=aéélied=

VMV=

to=the=éarquets=consisted=of=gravitational= load=resulting=from=their=own=weight=and=additional=load=of=MKN=jmaI=simulating=usage=loadsK=qhis=load=was=aéélied=in=two=most=éroblematic=éoints=of=the=éarquetW=in=the=middle=of=the=éanel=and=at= the=éoint=of=connection=between=two=adjacent=éanels=EcigK=QF=in=the=variants=of=conteméoraró=and=antique=éarquetsK===

=

cigK Q paméle=laóout=of=load=aéélied=to=antique=éarquet=from=qarnowiecI=ooom=Q==qhe=deformations=of=individual=antique=éanels=were=measured=in=cócles=of=sorétion=and=desorétion=in=order=to=studó=the=effects=of=usageK=qhe=deviation=from=flatnessI=iKeK=the=longitudinal=curvature=of=entire=éanels=was=measuredI=as=well=as=the=deviation=from=right=angle=of=square=and=triangular=tile=elements=of=qarnowiec=and=calejówka=manor=housesK==qhe=transverse=curvature=was=measured=in=accordance=with=the=mkJbk=NPSQTWOMMQ=xNPz=standard=on=a=surface=élate=with=an=uéJtoJdate=calibration=statusI=with=the=use=of= the=pvisAC=pOOO=sensor= with=measuring=range=ué=to=RM=mm=and=flatness=test=accuracó=of=MKMP=mmK=_efore=the=testI=the=éanels=were=acclimatized= ESMBI= OM°CF;= afterwards= the= tests= were= carried= out= in= laboratoró= conditions= ERM=–RBI=OP=–O°CF= with= actual= ambient= humiditó= measured= with= a= o_TMO= sensor= amounting= to= QUKUB= and=teméerature= of= NVKT°CK= qhe= éanel= wood= moisture= equivalent= was= measured= with= the= tAdkbo=jjCOOM= deviceI= and= it= amounted= to= VKSJNNBI= using= the= tagner= scale= for= oak= number= RVK= qhe=curvature=was=measured=on=the=front=surface=of=éanels=in=éoints=indicated=bó=a=virtual=net=with=mesh=of=RM=×=RM=mmK=aue=to=the=thickness=of=éanelsI=the=measurements=were=started=in=a=éoint=EMIMF=located=at=a=distance=of=RM=mm=from=each=of=the=edgesK=As=a= resultI=a=±height=maé”=was=obtainedI= showing=the=degree=of=deviation=from=flatness=within=the=scale=of=the=entire=éanelK==oight=angles=were=measured=in=accordance=with=the=mkJbk=NPSQTWOMMQ=xNPz=standardI=with=the=use=of=a=test=bench=for=angle=measurement=and=an=electronic=sensor=–=pvisAC=pOVV=–=whose=measurement=accuracó=amounts= to=MKMN=mmK=qhe=tests=were=done=for= the=front=side=of= the=elements=on=their= entire=widthI=across=the=fibresI=at=a=distance=of=NM=mm=from=the=external=edgeK===SK TbSTS lc Teb TAokltfbC Aka cAibgÓthA jAklo elrSb cillo

STorCTrob

A== _= C=cigK R=iaóout=of=éarquet=structure=in=two=rooms=of=the=qarnowiec=manor=houseW=ooom=Q=EAF=and=ooom=N=E_FI=

and=calejówka=manor=house=ECF=

VNM=

SKNK cloor structure in Tarnowiec qhe=flooring=set=from=qarnowiecI=dating=to=the=NUPMs=xNQJNSz=consists=of=four=gardenJside=rooms=and=the=right=corner=room=of=the=frontJside=éartK=qhe=éanel=éarquets=that=were=tested=come=from=the=ooom=no=Q=Eéanel=dimensions=RUM=×=RUM=mmFI= in=which=case=theó=were=élaced=directló=on=joists= EcigK=RAFI=and= from= the=ooom= no=N= Eéanel= dimensions= SQR=×=SQR= mmFI= where= theó= were=élaced=on= joists= and=boarding=EcigK=R_FK=qhe=éanels=in=both=of=these=rooms=are=élaced=alternatelóI=rotated=bó=VM=degrees=in=reséect=to=the=adjacent=éanelsK=qhe=éine=joists=in=ooom=number=N=are=élaced=in=éarallel=to=the=shorter=walls=of=the=roomI=and=are=suééorted=bó=beams=located=alongside=the=wallsI=connected=with=them=with=the=use= of= laé= jointsK= qhe=éanel= éarquet= is= suééorted= bó= éine= boarding= which= is= QM=mm= thickK= qhe=distance=between= the=beams=was= not= identifiedK=qhe= joists= in= the=ooom=no=QI= in=a=éart=of= the=manor=house=which=is=not=cellaredI=are=made=of=oak=wood=and=are=élaced=on=beams=with=lateral=groovesI=also=made=of=oak=woodI=that=are=lóing=flat=on=recesses=in=the=walls=of=the=roomsK=qhe=section=of=the=beams=has=the=dimensions=of=NMM=×=NUM=mm=and=the=groove=with=the=dimensions=of=RM=×=RM=was=made=at=the=distance=of=NPM=mm=from=the=side=of=the=beam=that=touches=the=wallK=goists=are=élaced=diagonalló=and=suééort= onló= the= frames= of= the= coméonent= éanelsK= qhe= section= of= joists= in= ooom= noK= Q= has=NMM=×=NQM=mmI=while=the=distance=between=them=is=of=QUM=mmK==fndividual=elements=in=the=tiles=are=connected=using=the=tongue=in=groove=jointK=qhe=battens=that=form=the=frame=around=the=square=filling=have=grooves=on=two=sides=and=are=finished=with=dowel=éinsI= the=triangular=and=square=filling=elements=have=tongues=on=all=the=sidesI=while=the=cross=motif=has=laé=joints=and=dowel=éins=at=the=ends=of=the=battensK=fn=the=ooom=noK=NI=éanel=thickness=amounts=to=OT=mmI=wear=laóer=is=of=NM=mmI=and=the=groove=of=the=joint=is=Smm=thick=and=NM=mm=deeéK=fn=several=séotsI=wedges=were= élaced= between= the= boarding= and= tile= elementsK= fn= the= ooom= noK= QI= éarquet= frame= thickness=amounts=to=PR=mmI=wear=laóer=is=of=NO=mmI=and=the=groove=of=the=joint=is=U=mm=thick=and=NM=mm=deeéK=fn=this=case=there=is=also=a=difference=between=the=thickness=of=the=frame=and=the=filling=elementsI=óet=due=to=the=fact=that=the=éarquet=has=no=boarding=and=touches=the=joists=onló=with=its=framesI=no=inserts=levelling=the=éanels=were=neededK=qhe=éarquets=are=fastened=to=the=joists=with=forged=nails=fixed=to=the=joint’s=tongue=in=twos=on=one=or=on=two=sidesK=qhe=éarquet=éanels=are=joined=with=one=another=using=séline= jointsK= fn=the=ooom=noK=N= theó=are=made=of=éine=battens=with= longitudinal= fibre= laóoutK= fn=the=ooom=noK=Q=the=séline=is=made=of=oak=wood=with=transverse=fibre=laóout=and=is=nonJcontinuousK=qhe=wood=of=which=frame=elements=are=made=has=no=anatomical=defectsI=its=section=is=radialI=and=the=filling=elements=have=mixed=sectionsW=radial=and=tangentialK==SKOK cloor structure in calejówka qhe=oak=éanel=éarquets=Eéanel=dimensions=SQR=×=SQR=mmFI=that=have=been=éreserved=in=two=rooms=of=the=calejówka=manor=house=date=to=the=second=half=of= the=NVth=centuró=xNTI=NUzK=qheó=are=élaced=on=éine= boarding= which= is= PO= mm= thick= and= fixed= to= the= ceiling= beams= whose= section= amounts= to=NSM=×=NUM=mmK= qhe=beams= are= suééorted=bó=a= binding= joists= élaced=on= lowI= bricked=éosts= with= the=section= of= OVM=×=OVM= mmI= séaced= at= a= distance= of= NRNUJNSQU= mm= from= each= otherK= qhe= éosts= are=NMSU=mm=highK=fn=this=mannerI=a=séace=below=the=floor=was=acquiredI=caK=NQPM=mm=highI=ventilated=bó=little= windows= located= at= ground= levelK= qhe= binding= joistI= whose= crossJsection= amounts= to=NUM=×=NUM=mmI=is=located=along=the=longer=side=of=the=roomK=qhe=éanel=éarquets=of=the=calejówka=manor=house=have=oneJlaóer=structure=that= is=OO=mm=thickK=qhe=wear= laóer= is= U=mm= thickI= while= the= groove= of= the= joint= is= S= mm= thick= with= deéth= amounting= to=UJNM=mmK= fndividual= elements= of= the= éattern= are= connected= using= the= tongue= in= groove= jointK= qhe=elements= that= form=the= internal= and=external= frames= have=grooves= on= two=sides= and= their= front= sides=have=dowel=éinsK=qhe=filling=elements=that=have=the=shaée=of=squares=and=triangles=have=tongues=on=all=sidesK=qhe=battens=forming=the=cross=motif=have=grooves=on=two=sides=and=dowel=éins=on=both=endsI=and=theó= are= connected= to= one= another= with= laé= jointsK= qhe= individual= éanels= are= connected= with= nonJcontinuous=séline=jointsI=with=diagonal=fibre=direction=and=are=made=of=éine=woodK=qhe=éarquet=is=fixed=to=the=boarding=and=the=boarding=to=the=ceiling=beams=with=the=use=of=hand=forged=nailsK=qhe=wood=of=éanel=frames=has=no=anatomical=defectsI=its=section=is=radialI=and=the=wood=of=the=rest=of=the=éanel=elements=have=mixed=sectionsK==SKPK Test results qable=N=éresents= the=results=of=densitó=testsI=bending=strength=tests=and=modulus=of= elasticitó=tests=of=éanel=frame=elements=from=qarnowiec=and=calejówka=manor=houses=that=were=taken=as=the=basis=for=the=numerical=simulationK=

VNN=

Table N=oesults=of=strength=tests=

janor=house= ptatistical=value=

aestructive=strengthI=

k=

_ending=strengthI=

jma=

jodulus=of=elasticitóI=

jma=

aeflection=at=maximum=forceI=mm=

aensitóI=kgLmP=

calejówka=

Average=value= NQQUKPR= TTKRR= NNUSVKVP= NMKO= SOM=

ptandard=deviation= PVUKOM= NVKMO= NSMNKNP= OKUT= PPKOV=

Coefficient=of=variation= OTKQV= OQKRM= NPKQV= OUKMM= R=

qarnowiec=ooom=N=

Average=value= NVRSKQO= VQKQU= NPMOVKTP= NNKUT= TOM=

ptandard=deviation= QPQKVV= NUKUT= NPPTKRO= OKTO= QVKUV=

Coefficient=of=variation= OOKOP= NVKVU= NMKOT= OOKVN= T=

qarnowiec=ooom=Q=

Average=value= OMOQKSV= TSKMM= NNPOOKPV= NQKTT= SRM=

ptandard=deviation= TNQKPP= OUKUS= PMOVKMV= OKNV= PTKQO=

Coefficient=of=variation= PRKOU= PTKVT= PTKVT= OSKTP= S=

=Table O oesults=of=numerical=simulations=made=in=Autodesk=fnventor=

pimulation=result=

qarnowiec=ooom=N= qarnowiec=ooom=Q=

kew=wood= lld=wood= kew=wood= lld=wood=

cNG= cOGG= cN= cO= cN= cO= cN= cO=

jaximum=von=jises=stress=xjmaz= MKNT= MKQV= MKNU= MKQP= MKOM= MKQQ= MKOM= MKQQ=

jaximum=deflection=xmmz= MKMMNP= MKMOP= MKMMNR= MKMOP= MKMMMS= MKMMVU= MKMMNR= MKMNN=

=

GcN=–=load=at=the=éoint=of=connection=between=two=adjacent=éanelsI=GGcO=–=load=in=the=middle=of=the=éanel==

qable= O= shows= the= maximum= normal= stresses= and= deflections= measured= in= two= variants= of= the=qarnowiec=éarquetsK=qhe=results=of=numerical=calculations=should=be=treated=as=initial=calculations=that=will= be= verified= after= éerforming= eméirical= tests= on= éarquets= made= of= conteméoraró= woodK= qhe=numerical=calculations=suggest=that=the=most=unfavourable=conditions=are=created=bó=aéélóing=load=in=the=middle=of=the=éanelI=both=in=case=of=maximum=stressesI=as=well=as=deflectionsK=ft=is=confirmed=bó=the=fact=that= the=level=of=the=éreserved=éarquets=is=lower=in=the=middle=of=the=éanels=–=a=éhenomenon=that=reduces=éarquet=qualitó=in=the=conteméoraró=understandingK==

A== _=

cigK S=jeasurement=of=longitudinal=curvature=Esurface=height=maéF=of=qarnowiec=EAF=and=calejówka=E_F=éanels=numerical=values=of=deviations=given=in=mm=

=pimilarlóI=éarquet=qualitó=–=as=to=its=flatness=–=is=also=affected=bó=deformations=of=the=éanels=longitudinal=curvature=and=deviations= from= the= right= angle=of= individual=éanel=elementsK= qhe=range= of= longitudinal=curvature=test=results=was=of=QKSV=÷=JTKPP=and=amounted=to=QQKRB=in=the=case=of=qarnowiecI=while=in=the=case=of=calejówka=it=was=RKQS=÷=JOKU=and=amounted=to=PTKRB=EcigK=SA=and=_FK=aeviations=found=in=the=

VNO=

square=elements=varó=on=different=edges=and=on=average=theó=amount=from=NKSB=in=qarnowiec=to=MKRB=in=calejówka= Etriangular=elements=MKPBF;=howeverI= due=to=the=wood=érocessing=methods=of= that= timeI= we=cannot= be= sure= that= the= tested= elements= were= idealló= rectangular= even=at= the=moment= when= theó= were=manufacturedK=qhe=direction=of= deviations= correséonds= to= the=anatomic= structure=and=is= a= result= of= the=sorétion=and=desorétion=hósteresisK=Although=the=shaée=of=individual=elements=has=changedI=the=floor=has=not=lost=its=tightnessI=but=there=is=no=doubt=about=the=fact=that=the=static=relations=of=joints=within=the=whole=tile=did=changeI=because=onló=a=éart=of=the=tongue=or=groove=transfers=bending=loadsK==

=TK ClkCirSflkS =qhe=current=resistance=éarameters=of=the=wood=of=antique=éarquets=from=qarnowiec=and=calejówka=will=ensure=safe=usage=consisting=in=the=transfer=of=its=own=loads=Eof=the=floor=laóersF=and=usage=loadsK=fn=accordance=to=the=current= standardsI= the=concentrated=useful=load=for= residential=buildings=amounts= to=minimum=nk=Z=O=kk=EeKgK=for=a=leg=of=a=éiece=of=furnitureF=or=even=P=kk=for=a=éiano=leg=xNVzK=qests =of =deviations =from =flatness =show =us =that =we =cannot =obtain =an =±idealló =flat” =surfaceI =which =is =éreferred=in=conteméoraró=éarquetsK=qhereforeI= in=the=qarnowiec=manor=house=as=much=as=NO=mm=of=the=current=NM=mm=wear= laóer=would=have=to=be=éolished=offI=and=in=calejówka=–=U=mm=of=the=U=mm=wear=laóerK=qhe=research=and=works= carried=out= showed= that= the= technical= state=of= the= floors= differs= deéending=on=their=structureI=on=the=éarquet=structureI=on=the=wood=séecies=aéélied=and=on=the=manner=of=usageK=ft=has=been=éroven=that=the=wood=séecies=of=the=éarquets=of=éalaces=and=manor=houses=of=pouthJbastern=moland=were=chosen=rather=for=their=visual=attractiveness=and=not=for=uniform=mechanical=éroéerties=xOMI=ONzK=

==

obcbobkCbS xNz= qajchman= gK= ENVVSF= tartościowe= elementó= drewniane= wóstęéujące= w= zabótkach= architekturó=

wómagające= szczególnej= ochronó= érzeciwéożarowejI= fnW= lchrona przeciwpożarowa obiektów zabótkowóchK jateriałó honferencji ff jiędzónarodowego pómpozjumI hraków NT-ON u N99SI=moznańI=RNJTMK=

xOz= pwaczóna= fKI= hędzierski= AKI= oóżańska= AKI= pzómczók= AKI= qomusiak= AKI= ożewska= wK= EOMNMF=aesign= of= tooden= clooring= in= eistorical= _uildings= in= holbuszowaK= Annals of tarsaw rniversitó of iife pciences- pddt=TNI=tarsawI=PMPJPMTK=

xPz= hozakiewicz= mKI= jatejak= jK= EOMMMFW= hlimat a drewno zabótkoweK tarsawI= tódawnictwo=pddtK=

xQz= bk=NQTSOWOMMSI=tood flooring- pampling procedures for evaluation of conformitóK=xRz= horóciński= AKI= pwaczóna= fKI= qomusiak= AKI= oóżańska= AK= EOMNNF= Characteristics= of= aecorative=

tooden= clooring= in= the= Castle= juseum= in= ŁańcutI= Annals of tarsaw rniversitó of iife pciences-pddt=TQI=tarsawI=NVVJOMRK=

xSz= oóżańska= AKI= pwaczóna= fKI= qomusiak= AKI= horóciński= tK= EOMNNF= aesign= and= ptructure= of=aecorative= tooden= clooring= pets= in= janor= eousesI= Annals of tarsaw rniversitó of iife pciences-pddt=TRI=tarsawI=OSOJOSUK=

xTz= hrzósik=cK=ENVTUF=kauka o drewnieK=tarsawI=mtkK=xUz= oóżańska=AKI=ooméa=qKI=dawron=gKI=wawadzki=gK=EOMNNF=Contents=of=the=pelected=ptructural=and=

konJstructural=Coméounds= in=Antique=tooden=clooringI=Annals of tarsaw rniversitó of iife pciences-pddt=TRI=ORRJOSNK=

xVz= oóżańska=AKI=qomusiak=AKI=_eer=mK=EOMNNF=fnfluence=of=Climate=on=purface=nualitó=of=Antique=tooden=clooring= in= janor= eouseK= fnW= mroceeding of the OMth fnternational tood jachining peminarI=pkellefteI=pweden=gune=TJNMI=OMUJONTK=

xNMz= mkJbk= QMUWOMNMI= qimber structures – ptructural timber and glued laminated timber- aetermination of some phósical and mechanical propertiesK=

xNNz= hollmann=cKcKmKI= Côté=tKAK= ENVSUF= mrinciples of tood pcience and qechnologó fK=péringerJserlag=_erlin=eeidelberg=kew=vorkK=

xNOz= _urawska=fKI=qomusiak=AKI=qurski=jKI=_eer=m=EOMNNF=iocal=concentration=of=stresses=as=a=result=of=the=notch=in=different=éositions=to=the=bottom=surface=of=bending=solid=timber=beam=based=on=numerical=analósis=in=polidworks=pimulation=environmentK=Annals of tarsaw rniversitó of iife pciences-pddtI corestró and tood qechnologó TPW=NVOJNVUK=

VNP=

xNPz= mkJbk= NPSQTWOMMQI= tood and parquet flooring and wood panelling and cladding- aerermination of geometrical characteristicsK=

xNQz= pzczeéaniak= AK= EOMNMF= aokumentacja opisowa badań konsetwatorskich oraz program prac konserwatorskich elewacji zewnętrznóchI kamieniarkiI detalu sztukatorskiegoI ścian wewnętrznóch i sufitów dworu w qarnowcuK=hrakówI=trlw=RVNTK

xNRz= _osak=_K=EOMMQF=harta bwidencójna wabótku ArchitekturóK=AugustK=xNSz= aubiel=cK=ENVVQF=dmina qarnowiecK=ozeszówI=ORJPUI=ORPK=xNTz= _osak=_K=EOMMOF=harta bwidencójna wabótku ArchitekturóK AugustK=xNUz= ŚnieżyńskaJ=ptolotowi=bKI=ptolot=cK=ENVUOF=hatalog wabótków sztuki w molsceI peria kowaI tKNI

tojewództwo hrośnieńskieI zKOK ieskoI panokI rstrzóki aolne i okoliceK OMK=xNVz= mkJbk=NVVNJNJNI=burocode NW – Action on structures – mart N-NW deneral actions- aensitiesI

self-weightI imposed loads for buildingsK=xOMz= pwaczónaI=AK=qomusiakI=AK=hędzierskiI=tK=horócińskiI=AK=molicińskaJperwa=EOMMVF=fndentation=

and= Abrasian= oesistance= of= aecorative= tooden= clooring= of= the= Castle= in= Łańcut= Annals of tarsaw rniversitó of iife pciences-pddt=SVI=PNSJPNVK=

xONz= pwaczóna=fKI=hędzierski=AKI=qomusiak=AKI=Cichó=AKI=oóżańska=AKI=molicińskaJperwa=AK=EOMNNF=eardness= and=tear= oesistance=qests= of= the=tood=péecies= jost= crequentló= rsed= in=clooring=manelsI=Annals of tarsaw rniversitó of iife pciences-pddt=TSI=tarsawI=UOJUTK=