Post on 06-Jul-2018
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1. A cold test best localizesa. pain of pulpal origin.b. periodontal pain.c. pulp
necrosis.d. referred pain
2. Anesthetic testing is most eective in localizing paina. to a specic tooth.b.
to the mandible or maxilla.c. across the midline of the face.d. to a posterior
tooth.
3. Dental history tainga. is less important than x!ray examination.b. has as
its principal goal to identify the oending tooth.c. principally assesses
intensity of pain.d. focuses heavily on the "uality of pain.
#. $ercussion testinga. dierentiates pain of periodontal origin.b. stimulates
proprioceptive bers in the periodontal ligament.c. indicates tooth fracture.d.
must be performed %ith a blunt instrument.
&. Areas of rarefaction are evident on x!ray examination %hena. the tooth is
responsive to cold.b. the tooth is responsive to heat.c. a tooth fracture has
been identied.d. the cortical layer of bone has been eroded.
'. An area of rarefaction in the lo%er premolar area indicatesa. denitepathology.b. torus mandibularis.c. possible mental foramen.d. root fracture.
(. $ercussion) palpation) and thermal testinga. are not to be performed on
patients %ith pacemaers.b. should involve testing of contralateral teeth for
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comparison.c. are best compared %hen using ipsilateral teethd. obviate
radiographs.
*. +rreversible pulpitis is often dened bya. a moderate response to
percussion.b. a strong painful response to cold that lingers.c. a strong painful
response to cold.d. a response to heat.
,. -edical history of heart disease is signicanta. and contraindicates
endodontic treatment.b. for referred pain to the left mandible indicating
possible myocardialinfarction.c. and indicates the need for premedication%ith antibiotics.d. and contraindicates local anesthetic %ith epinephrine.
1. /he best approach for diagnosis of odontogenic pain isa. x!ray
examination.b. percussion.c. visual examination.d. a stcp!by!stcp se"uenced
examination and testing approachfollo%ing the same procedure.
11. 0alcication of the pulpa. is a response to aging.b. does not relate to the
periodontal condition.c. precedes internal resorption.d. indicates the
presence of additional canals.
12. lectric pulp tests should not be performed on patients %hohave aa.
hearing aid.b. hip implant.c. dental implant.d. pacemaer.
13. A false!negative response to the pulp tester may occura. primarily in
anterior teeth.b. in a patient heavily premedicated %ith analgesics)
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narcotics)alcohol) or tran"uilizers.c. most often in teenagers.d. in the
presence of periodontal disease.
1#. A test cavitya. is the rst test in diagnostic se"uence.b. often results in a
dull pain response.c. is employed only %hen all other test ndings are
e"uivocal.d. should be performed %ith local anesthetic.
1. $ulpal pain response isa. dull and throbbing %hen carried by A!delta
myelinated nervebers.b. dull and throbbing %hen carried by A!delta
unmyelinatednerve bers.c. "uic and sharp %hen carried by A!deltamyelinated nerve bers.d. "uic and sharp %hen carried by A!delta
unmyelinated nervebers.
2. $ulpal pain response isa. dull and throbbing %hen carried by myelinated 0
bers.b. dull and throbbing %hen carried by unmyelinated 0 bers.c. "uic
and sharp %hen carried by myelinated 0 libers.d. "uic and sharp %hen
carried by unmyelinated 0 bers.
3. onspecilic biochemical mediators area. pyruvic acid) prostaglandins) and
aspartic acid.b. arachidonic acid and the complement system.c. histamine)
bradyinin) prostaglandins) and leuotriencs.d. arachidonic acid and
serotonin.
#. europeptides such as substance $ and calcitonin gene!relatedpeptide
045$6a. are released from capillaries.b. arc released from sensitized
nerves.c. are not part of the in7ammatory cycle.d. are found in the absence
of pain and in7ammation.
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&. /rigeminal neuralgia diers from odontogenic pain by beinga. continuous
and dull.b. sharp and shooting.c. sharp) shooting) repetitive) and triggered.d.
dull and throbbing.
'. -axillary sinusitis associated %ith acute tooth paina. is a seasonal
phenomenon.b. can involve the entire "uadrant up to the midline.c. can
involve the mandible.d. is initiated by psychogenic factors.
(. $ain is most commonly referred froma. lo%er anterior teeth to ipsilatcral
upper molars)b. lo%er molars to upper anteriors.c. posterior molars to the
opposing "uadrant or to other teeth insame "uadrant.d. upper molars to the
contralateral lo%er "uadrant
*. 8dontogenic symptoms are elicited primarily by the follo%ingprovoing
stimuli9a. thermal heat) cold6) percussion) palpation.b. postural changes.c.
pain follo%ing exertion.d. barometric changes.
,. +n the presence of an intense in7ammatory process) nerve blocin:ections
are rendered less eective o%ing toa. distance to source of irritation.b. p;
changes of in7ammation.c. length of needle)d. prior use of analgesics.
1.
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11. >ocalized s%elling as an extension of pulpal diseasea. re"uires antibiotic
therapy alone.b. re"uires analgesics.c. is managed using incision) drainage)
and an ind%elling drain.d. resolves %ithout treatment.
12.
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the trigger area.c. %ith lysis of the terminal nerve endings.d. %ith
anticonvulsant drugs.
#. 0luster headache diers from migraine in beinga. unilateral and involving
the teeth.b. principally a female complaint.c. unilateral and involving the
eye.d. bilateral.
&. Acute maxillary sinusitisa. results in referred pain to a single tooth.b.
results in referred pain to the orbit and maxillary posterior teeth.c. is
exacerbated by cold testing.d. is usually a noninfectious process.
'. Degenerative :oint disease most oftena. results in posterior displacement
of the meniscus.b. results in irreversible pulpitis.c. allo%s for %ide mouth
opening.d. can lead to adhesions and arthritic changes.
(. /-@ pain can bea. sharp) lancinating and electrical.b. exacerbated by :a%
closing.c. the result of tpsilateral maxillary odontalgia.d. found in males.
*. Atypical facial pain can be treated most eectively bya. microvascular
decompression.b. radio fre"uency gangliolysis.c. A+Ds.d. tricyclic
antidepressant drugs.
,. $hantom tooth pain or dcaerentation paina. can occur brie7y after tooth
extraction.b. is simply a peripheral phenomenon.c. can occur for an extended
period after pulp extirpation.d. is managed by analgesics.
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1. A denite diagnosis of facial causalgia can be madea. by lidocaine
inltration.b. by use of analgesics.c. by use of ipsilateral stellate ganglion
bloc.d. by observation of symptoms
1. $atients %ith rheumatic heart disease shoulda. be premeditated %ith
antibiotics per American ;eart Associationguidelines.b. be premedicated %ith
psychosedation.c. be premedicated %ith nonsteroidal antiin7ammatory
drugs.d. postpone elective endodontic therapy.
2. Diabetes patients in need of endodontic therapya. should not receive
elective therapy.b. should maintain normal insulin and meal schedules.c. do
%ell %ith intracanal steroid therapy.d. heal as %ell as nondiabetics.
3. $atients %ith ;+B infection) including A+D)a. should be premedicated %ithanalgesics.b. are at less ris from root canal therapy than from extraction.c.
are at less ris from extraction than from root canal therapy.d. have fe%er
complications during and after treatment.
#. $regnant patients in the rst trimestera. should receive the normal x!ray
dose for endodontic therapy.b. are not candidates for electronic apex
locators.c. should delay use of x!ray until the second trimester.d. are not at
ris from pharmacologic intervention.
&. $atients taing daily steroid therapy e.g.) for systemic
lupuserythematosus6a. may demonstrate adrenocorticoid depression.b.
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respond %ell to stress.c. are candidates for intracanal corticosteroid
therapy.d. do not re"uire antibiotic premedication.
'. xtra canalsa. are rarely found in molar teeth.b. are often found in molar
teeth.c. if not found) have little eect on the success of endodontictherapy.d.
are often found in upper canines.
(. /reatment considcrations6 for referral arca. poor oral hygiene.b. a patient
%ho breas appointments.c. calcied and curved root canals.d. a patient %ho
does not have dental insurance.
*. Dierentiate bet%een external and internal root resorptiona. internal
resorption is contiguous %ith the canal) and externalresorption is
superimposed on x!ray examination.b. internal resorption appears
superimposed) and external resorptionappears contiguous %ith the canal on
x!ray examinationc. the apex iocator is very useful.d. internal resorption is
larger in size.
,. 0ro%n and root perforationsa. are not treatable by surgical intervention.b.
heal after routine root canal therapy.c. can respond to a matrix of
hydroxyapatite and seal %ith glassionomer.d. respond %hether or not
cro%nCroot is sealed.
1. /he prognosis is compromiseda. %hen patient presents %ith pain.b. %hen
patient experiences interappointment pain.c. %ith class +++ mobility and loss of
bone support.d. for molar teeth.
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11. /he se"uence of therapy recommended for emergency treatmentisa.
caries control) pulpCperiodontal) oral surgery.b. oral surgery) caries)
pulpCperiodontal.c. pulpCperiodontal) caries control) extraction.d.
pulpCperiodontal) oral surgery) caries control.
12. ingle!visit root canal therapya. is an unacceptable procedure.b. should
be performed %ith apicoectomy.c. is an acceptable and successful
procedure.d. re"uires antibiotic premedication.
13. 8ne!appointment endodontic therapy is not indicated fora. fractured
anterior teeth %here aesthetics is a concern.b. patients re"uiring sedation or
operating room procedures.c. cases %ith severe anatomical and procedural
di=culties.d. %hen the patient is physically unable to return for completion.
1#. $atients scheduled for retreatmenta. may expect to have less
interappointment pain.b. should expect successful resolution.c. should expectsurgical intervention.d. may complain of thermal response on an ad:acent
tooth.
1&. urgical retreatment is indicateda. for a persistent area of rarefaction at
the apex of a retreatedtooth.b. for the development of severe periodontal
pocet formation.c. for :uvenile diabetes patients.d. before routine endodontic
retreatment.
1. +t has been established thata. exposure to ;+B is more liely than exposure
to hepatitis virus.b. transmission of tuberculosis is primarily blood!borne.c.
;+B is less fragile than the hepatitis virus.d. each patient should be
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considered potentially infectious.
2. ndodontic lesa. are disposed of after one use.b. arc considered reusablesharps.c. may be piced up by hand before decontamination.d. may be
disposed of in Egeneric refuse.E
3. /o prevent cross!contamination after exposure of the x!ray lma. gloves
arc super7uous.b. overglovcs are placed over contaminated gloves.c. dispose
of lm pacet in generic refuse.d. disinfect %ith sodium hypochlorite.
#. +nformed consent information for endodontic therapy excludesa.
alternatives to recommended treatment.b. procedure and prognosis.c. a
description of 8;A regulations.d. foreseeable and material riss.
&. 5adiographic exposure for purposes of endodontic therapya. has no place
for fast) sensitive speed lm.b. is minimized %ith 5adioBisio4raphy.c. is
unnecessary.d. does not re"uire informed consent.
'. F!ray units should bea. optimally capable of utilizing ( Bp.b. pointed in
shape.c. collimated to reduce exposure level) not to exceed ( cm atthe sin
surface.d. collimated to reduce exposure level) not to exceed , cm atthe sin
surface.
(. /he American ;eart Association recommends for prophylacticantibiotic
coveragea. penicillin B rather than amoxicillin)h. amoxicillin rather than
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penicillin B)c. Ge7ex rather than penicillin.d. cephalosporins rather than
erythromycin.
*. 5adiographic contrast can be directly aected by alteringa.
milliamperage.b. exposure time.c. ilovoltage.d. angulation.
,. An osteolytic lesion visualized on a radiograph could be mistaenfora.
granuloma.b. cyst.c. cementoma.d. all of the above.
1. /he buccal ob:ect rule statesa. that the ob:ect farther from the buccal
surface appears to movein the direction opposite the movement of the tube
head.b. that the ob:ect closest to the buccal surface appears to movein the
same direction as the tube head.c. that the ob:ect closest to the buccal
surface appears to movein the direction opposite that of the tube head.d.
that ob:ects closest to the lingual surface appear on the lmto move in the
direction opposite the movement of thecone.
11. Hith the cone moved to the distal and facing to%ards the mesial)the
mesiobuccal root of the rst molara. %ill be pro:ected mesially on the lm.b.
%ill be pro:ected distally on the lm.c. %ill not move.d. appears to move
lingually.
12. /o enhance tooth isolation to prevent contaminationa. isolation %ith
cotton rolls is used.b. anticholinergic and systemic antibiotic drugs are
used.c. isolation %ith rubber dam is used.d. direct access %ill achieve the
goal.
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13. /o enhance cro%n preparation and retention) cro%n lengtheningis
completed bya. electrosurgery in the presence of infrabony defects.b.
conventional gingivectomy in the presence of infrabony defects)c. laser
surgery in the presence of infrabony defects.d. apicaily positioned 7ap)reverse bevel in the presence of infrabonydefects.
1. +nfection control proceduresa. that protect against monilial infection
protect against ;B)b. that protect against ;B should protect against ;+B.c.
that protect against ;+B should protect against ;B)d. are controlled %ith the
use of the rubber dam.
2. 0olor change in a process indicator strip indicatesa. verication of
sterilization.b. verication of completed sterilization cycle.c. a change in
p;.d. a need to reprocess.
3. /he organism least resistant to thermal inactivation isa) bacterial spores.b)virus.c. treptococcus mutans.d. spirochete.
#. 5apid!speed autoclavesa. re"uire at least 3 minutes for sterilization.b.
re"uire no antirust prctreatment.c. destroy cloth products.d. produce
veriable sterilization.
&. 0hemiclavea. corrodes instruments.b. solution can be recirculated.c.
sterilization is veriable.d. does not aect heat!sensitive materials.
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'. Dry heata. provides corrosion protection for dry instruments.b. re"uires
only 3 minutes.c. has no mercury vapor eect.d. does not destroy heat!
sensitive materials.
(. 0hairside dry heat glass bead or salt sterilizationa. is veriable.b. serves as
an emergency bacup.c. re"uires a brief time to %arm up.d. can sterilize a
large number of instruments.
*. 4lutaraldehydca. re"uires a short period of sterilization.b. is relatively
noncorrosive.c. results in veriable sterilization.d. is nonirritating and
nontoxic.
,. /he sterilizera. is eective if the process indicator changes color.b. should
be checed %eely %ith a biologic indicator.c. should be checed daily %ith a
biologic indicator.d. should be checed for sterilization of bacteria rather
thanspores.
1. 4utta!percha is best sterilized ina. an autoclave.b. dry heat.c. &.&I
sodium hypochlorite for 1 minute.d. paraformaldehyde for 1 minute.
1. Gasahara and colleagues reported thata. accessory canals arc capable of
being cleaned mechanically alleast 'I of the time.b. over 'I of teeth
examined sho%ed accessory canals that%ere impossible to clean
mechanically.c. apical foramina %ere located at the apex *I of the time.d.
canals terminate in the shape of a delta #&I of the time.
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2. 8nce the pulp chamber has been opened) canal orices are located%itha. a
periodontal curette.b. a spoon excavator.c. an inverted cone bur.d. an
endodontic pathnder.
3. Access cavity preparation of anterior teetha. is completed using a G!type
le.b. often can result in lateral cervical or root surface perforations.c. often
can result in labial cervical or root surface perforations.d. arc initiated using a
no. ' or * round bur.
#.
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*. Bertucci and colleagues describe thata. &I of the maxillary second
premolars have one canal at theb. maxillary second premolars that have t%o
canals have t%o distinctapical foramina.c. (&I of maxillary second premolars
have one canal at theapex.d. accessory canals are more prevalent inmaxillary second premolarsthan in incisors.
,. /he maxillary rst molara. has a palatal root that curves lingually.b! has a
distobuccal root %ith t%o canals ending in a commonorice.c. should be
approached for endodontic treatment %ith the assumptionthat t%o canals
exist in the mesiobuccal root.d. should be approached for endodontic
treatment %ith the assumptionthat one canal exists in the mesiobuccal root.
1. -andibular incisorsa. often have t%o separate apical foramina.b. t%o of
ve can have t%o separate canals.c. average 1, mm in length.d. arc less
liely to be perforated labially than lingually duringaccess preparation.
11. -andibular premolarsa. can have more than one canal 12I to 23I of the
time.b. are less prone to acute exacerbations.c. rarely present complex
mechanical problems.d. arc. on average) 1, mm long.
12. -ultiple accessory foraminaa. are more often present at the apex of the
mandibular incisor.b. are more often present in the furcation of the maxillary
premolar.c. arc more often present in the furcation of the mandibularrstmolar.d. are accessible for mechanical instrumentation.
13. /he mandibular rst molara. has a fourth canal t%o!thirds of the time.b.
has a fourth canal half the time.c. is the most di=cult to treat.d. has a fourth
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canal one!third of the time.
1#. Hhen a calcied root canal cannot be located or instrumenteda.extraction is the treatment of choice.b. retrograde and replantation
procedures should be considered.c. the dentist must proceed %ith the
understanding that an unexploredor unlled canal is %orse than a
perforationd. it is no longer accessible to bacterial infection.
1. 5oot canal morphology should bea. conical.b. cylindrical.c. three
dimensional.d. predictable.
2. /o achieve the ob:ectives of vertical condensation) it is necessaryto
producea. a cylindrical canal.b. a conical canal.c. a tapering conical canal.d. a
straight canal.
3. /o contain gutta!percha %ithin the canal) instrumentation shouldresult ina.
cleaning beyond the anatomic apex.b. cleaning beyond the radiographic
apex.c. a cylindrical canal shape.d. the narro%est cross!sectional diameter at
the terminus.
#. /o avoid external transportation of the root canala. precurve instruments.b.
use large instruments.c. avoid the use of sodium hypochlorite.d. use vigorousinstrumentation.
&. According to the precepts of vertical condensation technology.the apical
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foramen should bea. as large as practicable.b. as small as practicable.c.
oval.d. circular.
'. /he pro:ected success of creating patency relies principally ona. the choice
of le type.b. irrigation.c. the rst instrument to reach the apical terminus.d.
the second instrument to reach the apical terminus.
(. 5eentry andCor reuse of previously utilized instruments isa. capitulation.b.
recapitulation.c. cleaning and shaping.d. re%oring.
*. +rrigation of the root canal achievesa. debridement.b. dissolution of
tissues.c. elimination of microbes.d. all of the above.
,. ach time the canal is 7ushed an appropriate volume of irrigantisa. 3 ml.b.
1 ml.c. 1 to 2 ml.d. # ml.
1. Debridement is most eectivea. in large "uantitiesb. %hen used %ith
recapitulation.c. %hen it remains in the canal bet%een appointments.d. :ust
prior to lling.
11. 5emoval of the smear layera. is accomplished %ith irrigation.b. eectively
reduces the microbial population.c. is unnecessary for eective cementation
during root canal lling.d. is necessary for success.
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12. iologic rationale dictatesa. overinstrumentation.b. undcrinstru
mentation.c. that the %oring length stop at the apical constriction.d. partial
pulp removal.
13. lood at the tip of a paper point removed from the root canalindicatesa.
possible hematoma.b. possible incomplete irrigation.c. possible incomplete
instrumentation.d. possible root perforation.
1#.
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1*.
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irritating to the periapical tissue.c. should be used exclusively.d. prevent
postobturation pain.
(. /he Estring!out testE for root canal sealer is achieved %hen) usinga spatula)
the cement can be raised from the glass slaba. Bi inch.b. 2 inches.c. 1 inch.d.
3 inches.
1. Hhich of the follo%ing statements is trueJa. Alteration of records is
forbidden.b. Alteration of records is permitted if dated.c. Additions to records
are forbidden.d. Additions to records are permitted if dated.
2. tandard of care) as dened by courts.a. re"uires absolute perfection.b.
describes %hat a reasonably careful and prudent clinician %oulddo under
similar circumstances.c. does not allo% for individual variations of
treatment.d. is e"uivalent to customary practice.
3. /he doctrine of informed consent does nota. re"uire that a patient be
advised of reasonably foreseeable rissof treatment.b. re"uire that the
patient be advised of reasonable alternatives.c. re"uire that the patient
forfeit his right to do as he sees t %ithhis o%n body.d. re"uire that the
patient be advised of the conse"uences of nontreatment.
#. /o mae sure a dentist to %hom one refers a patient is not consideredto be
an agent of the referring dentist) the referring dentistshoulda. verbally inform
the patient of that fact.b. inform the patient in %riting.c. enter a disclaimer in
the patient?s record.d. inform the patient that the referral is a suggestion only.
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&. A dentist may legallya. refuse to treat a ne% patient despite severe pain
and infection.b. be bound to sec former patients on recall after treatment is
completed.c. discharge a patient from his practice at any time.d. refuse to
treat a patient %ho has an outstanding balance on hisaccount.
'. +f a patient %ho is ;+B seropositive re"uests that the dentist notinform the
sta of his condition) the dentist shoulda. refuse to treat the patient.b. tell the
sta in private) then treat the patient using extra precautions.c. not teil the
sta) but treat the patient %ith great caution.d. not tell the sta and re"uire
the patient to sign a private guaranteethat the patient %ill be liable if
someone contracts thevirus.
(. +f a patient s%allo%s a le and the dentist had not placed a rubberdam) the
dentist shoulda. oer to pay for any medical expenses incurred as a result.b.
not oer to pay for medical expenses) %hich is an admissionof guilt.c. nol
mention %ho should pay medical expenses and try to inferthat the patient is
to blame e.g.) sudden movement) di=cultcase6.d. apologize for the mishap)
and suggest that the patient have medicalevaluation only if a problem
develops as a result.
*. An endodontist may be held liable %hoa. informs the patient that her
general practitioner is performingsubslandard care the general practitioner
may hold the endodontistliable6.b. fails to disclose to the patient andCor
referring dentist evidentpathosis other than the tooth they are treating.c. fails
to locate a very small canal that is not evident radiographlcally.d. mistaenly
initiates treatment on the %rong tooth in a di=cultdiagnosis situation.
,. 8f the follo%ing) the dentist?s best approach to avoiding legal actionby
patients is toa. tell all patients that heCshe the dentist6 docs not carry
malpracticeinsurance.b. attend 0ontinuing ducation courses fre"uently to
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remain informedof current techni"ues.c. refer all ma:or patient complaints to
peer revie%.d. demonstrate genuine interest in the %elfare of each patient.
1. lood vessels become established in the dental papillaa. before the
formation of the cervical loop.b. during the bud stage of t o o t h formation.c.
during the bell stage of tooth formation.d. during the cap stage of tooth
formation.
2. 5oot development beginsa. before enamel formation.b. concurrently %ith
enamel formation.c. after completion of enamel formation.d. before ;ert%ig?sepithelial root sheath formation.
3. /he cell!rich zonea. is more prominent in the radicular p u l p than in the
coronalpulp.b. exhibits increased mitotic activity f o l l o % i n g d e a t h of o
d o n t o blasts.c. is the result of the central migration of c e l l s from the
peripheryfollo%ing completion of dentin formation.d. contains mainly
macrophages and e n d o t h e l i a l cells and fe%
#. Although similar in function) the odontoblast diers from the osteoblastand
cemcntoblast ina. morphologic characteristics.b. ultrastructurc.c. matrix
production.d. being a protein!secreting cell.
&. /he extent to %hich the odontoblast process extends out%ard indentina.
has been sho%n conclusively in recent years.b. varies %ith the age of the
tooth.c. depends on continued mitotic activity of the odontoblast.d. is
unrelated to the eects on the pulp of restorative procedures.
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'.
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12. $ainful pulpitis associated %ith an in7amed or degenerating pulpa. is
caused by a decrease in intrapulpal pressure.b. results from a reduction of
nerve cell permeability.c. is associated %ith stimulation of A bers.d. is most
liely due to nociceptive 0!bcr activity.
13. Bolume of blood 7o% in the pulpa. is least in the regions of the pulp
horns.b. is greater in the root portion than in the cro%n portion.c. is greater
than the blood 7o% in most visceral organs.d. is largely under the control of
the adrenergic sympathetic system.
1#. A healthy dental pulp responds to an in:ury bya. developing an eective
collateral circulation to transport in7ammatoryelements to the area.b.
decreasing in blood 7o% throughout the pulp.c. initiating an in7ammatory
response) usually follo%ed by partialor complete necrosis.d. forming
reparative dentin at the pulpal surface correspondingto areas of irritation.
1&. $ulpal calcicationsa. may compromise the pulpal blood supply.b. arc of
no signicance in root canal therapy.c. have an organic matrix of collagen in
all sizes.d. occur only after eruption.
1'. 0alcic metamorphosisa. is caused by increased activity of
odontoblasts.b. may lead to complete obliteration of the pulp space.c. usually
occurs in association %ith a constricted apical foramen.d. histologically
resembles aceliular cementum.
1(. 4ro%th factors arc liely to be involved in tooth formation. Hhatis at least
one probable function of these factorsJa. ignaling epithclial!mescnchymal
interactions.b. 8ne of the eruptive forces located in the apical region) :c.
Disruption of ;crt%ig?s epithelial root sheath.d. 0ollagen maturation in the
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dental papilla.
1*. /he cell type to %hich the dendritic cell is most similar is9a. broblast.b. t!lymphocyte.c. mesenchymal cell.d. macrophage.
1,. >ymphatics in the dental pulpa. have not been demonstrated.b. %ould not
be necessary because of the extensive vascular net%or.c. cannot be
demonstrated morphologically because they areidentical to venules.d.
participate in the removal of tissue 7uids.
2. Hhat %ould be the closest estimate of the number of tubules
exposed%ith a full cro%n preparation of average depth that %ouldhave a
surface area of 1 mm2Ja. &b. &)c. &.d. &))
21. Hhen the pulp is in:ured it responds %ith in7ammation. Hhydoes it not
have good capability for recovery if badly damagedJ1. +t has no collateral
blood supply.2. +t lacs lymph drainage.3. $ulp 0./. cells are incapable of
mitosis.#. +t is encased in a noncompliant environment.a. 1 K 2b. 1 K3c. 1
K#d. 2 K 3
1. +n acute in7ammation) the rst cells to pass through the bloodvessel %alls
into the tissue area. eosinophils.b. lymphocytes.c. monocytes.d.polymorphonuclear neutrophils $-s6.
2.
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monocyte becomes aa. neutrophil.b. basophil.c. macrophage.d. histiocyte.
3. +n the in7ammatory process) %hich of the follo%ing cell typesfunction asphagocytesJa. -acrophages and lymphocytes.b. >ymphocytes and
neutrophils.c. $lasma cells and basophils.d. eutrophils and macrophages.
#. Hhich of the follo%ing results may be expected follo%ing surgery%hen
both the buccal and lingual cortical plates have beenlostJa. Anylosis.b. car
tissue formation.c. 8steosclerosis.d. ormal bone regeneration.
&. A foreign body reaction is characterized by the presence ofa. neutrophils.b.
plasma cells.c. giant cells.d. broblasts.
'. Acute osteomyelitis is typically characterized bya. a draining sinus tract.b.
a large diuse radiolucency.c. necrotic bone.d. cellulitis.
(. / lymphocytes arise as immature cells in thea. bone marro%.b. thymus.c.
lymph nodes.d. in7ammatory lesion.
*. Hhich of the follo%ing %ould predominate in the zone of irritationJa.
acteria.b. 0hronic in7ammatory cells.c. 0apillary buds.d. ecrotic elements.
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,. /he periapical lesion that %ould most liely contain bacteria%ithin the
lesion isa. apical abscess.
1. -ost root canal infections involvea. a single obligate anaerobic species.b.
multiple anaerobic species only.c. mixed aerobic and anaerobic
microorganisms.d. multiple aerobic species only.
2. tudies have demonstrated a correlation bet%een clinical and
radiographicsigns and symptoms of periapical pathosis and thepresence ofa.
treptococcus mutatis.b. $revvtella melaninogenicus.c. taphylococcus
aureus.d. no specic microorganisms6.
3. Hhich mediators of in7ammation are considered also to be themain
mediators of pain in in7ammatory responsesJa. Basoactive amines.b.
Ginins.c. 0omplement.d. Arachidonic acid.
#. /he presence of %hich component of complement in the in7amedperiapcx
suggests that the complement system participates in thepathogenesisJa.
0+.b. 03.c. 0(.d. 0,.
&. Degranulation and release of histamine is usually stimulated bybridging
%hich of the follo%ing on the mast cellsJa. +gA.b. +g.c. +g4.d. +g-.
'. +dentication of lymphocytes in human periapical lesions hassho%na. an
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absence of lymphocytes)b! an absence of / lymphocytes.c. that / cells
outnumber cells.d. that cells outnumber / cells.
(. +n periapical lesions) suppressor / cells are associated %itha. acute
developing6 lesions.b. chronic lesions.c. healing lesions.d. foreign!body
lesions.
*. 5outine culturing of the root canal system is generally not practicedin
today?s treatment regimens becausea. it is time consuming.b. important
anaerobes cannot be recovered.c. standard 50/ techni"ues eectivelyeliminate the ma:ority ofmicroorganisms.d. microorganisms play a minor role
in endodontic pathosis.
,. Hhen antibiotic therapy is indicated before) during) or after rootcanal
treatment the drug of choice isa. clindamycin.b. erythromycin.c. penicillin.d.
metronidazole.
1. >ong!term administration of clindamycin is contraindicaled becauseof the
ris of developinga. severe gastrointestinal conditions.b. urticaria.c.
photosensitivity.d. hypersensitivity.
1L. Hhich one of the follo%ing is least liely to initiate an immuneresponseJa.ecrotic tissue.b. ndotoxins.c. Autologous collagen.d. Biable bacteria.
12. Hhat immunoglobulin predominates in a secondary humoral responseJa.
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+gA.b. +g4.c. +g-.d. +g.
13. levated levels of +g have been identied in a periapical granulomaaftercanal instrumentation. /his may represent %hich typeof hypersensitivity
reactionJa. /ype 1 immediate hypersensitivity6.b. /ype ++ immediate
cytotoxic hypersensitivity6.c. /ype +++ immune complex hypersensitivity6.d.
/ype +B delayed hypersensitivity6)
1#. /he cytoine) interleuin!1 +>!16) has been identied in the in7amedpulp
and in7amed periapical lesion. 8ne important functionis toa. result in boneresorption.b. neutralize bacterial endotoxins.c. inhibit in7ammation.d.
promote phagocytosis by macrophages.
1&. /he intracanal medication that has the best potential for eectivenessas
an antimicrobial agent sealed in the canal isa. formocresol.b) &.2&I sodium
hypochlorite.c) steroids.d. calcium hydroxide.
1'. 0oronal exposure of gutta!perchaCsealer obturation to bacteria hassho%n
that) throughout the canal) the bacteriaa. penetrate very "uicly 1 to 3 days6
throughout obturation defects.b. penetrate very slo%ly re"uires several
months6.c. do not penetrate.d. penetrate fairly "uicly 1 %ee to 1 month6.
1(. 5egarding the presence of bacteria) most studies sho% thai the Mma:ority
of periapical granulomas area. supportive of numbers of anaerobes
primarily.b. supportive of numbers of anaerobes only) primarily.c. supportive
of numbers of variable) mixed 7ora.d. bacteria free.
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1. /he endodontic broach is used toa. locate the orices of the root canals.b.
remove pulp tissue from the pulp spaces.c. smooth the %alls of root canals.d.
enlarge the root canal spaces.
2. /he basic dierence bet%een G!type les and reamers isa. the number of
spirals or 7utes per unit length.b. the geometric cross section.c. the depth of
the 7utes.d. the direction of the spirals.
3. /he ma:or determining factor that in7uences the e=cacy of rootcanal
debridement is thea. type of hand instrument used.b. irrigating solution.c.
internal pulp space anatomy.d. instrumentation techni"ue.
#. /he %oring portion of an endodontic condenser plugger6 isa. smooth)
tapered) and pointed.b. smooth) tapered) and 7at!ended.c. smooth) ofuniform %idth) and pointed.d. smooth) of uniform %idth) and 7at!ended.
&. -odication of the cross!sectional design of G!type les froms"uare to
rhomboid has resulted in signicantly greatera. torsional strength.b. tensile
strength.c. stiness.d. 7exibility.
'. ignicant deviations from circular canal preparations %ill occur%hen using
aa. G!type reamer %ith a reaming action.b. G!type reamer %ith a ling
action.c. G!type le %ith a reaming action.d. G!type le %ith a ling action.
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(. /he ;edstrom le is most commonly used toa. 7are the canal.b. establish a
circular preparation.c. prepare post space.d. locate canal orices.
*. /he temperature of the gutta!percha extruded from the
Elo%lemperalure)Ethermoplastic in:ection system isa. 1's 0.b. 1N 0.c. (N
0.d. #N 0.
,. ome studies have reported that the most important aspect of irrigationis
thea. "uantity of irrigant.b. chelating action of the solution.c. size of the
needle.d. type of irrigant.
1. ;ardening of zinc oxide!eugenol is due to thea. formation of zinc
eugcnolatc.b. presence of %ater.c. evaporation of eugenol.d. heat generated
during the chemical reaction.+nstruments) materials) and devices #13
11. Hith time and %ith exposure to light and air) gutta!perchaa. does not
change its physical properties signicantly.b. %ill decompose and lose mass.c.
becomes more brittle.d. alters) but can be restored by freezing.
12. /emporary canal medications are of various types. Hhich of thefollo%ingseems to satisfy more criteria as to desirable propertiesJa.
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that 0avita. does not have as much compressive strength.b. does not seal as
%ell %ith time.c. is more susceptible to thermal changes.d. shrins %hile
setting.
1#. An inherent disadvantage of the gutta!perchaCcarrier systems isa. the
carrier corrosion or disintegration products are toxic.b. di=culty in insertion.c.
potential problems in retreatment.d. no means arc available to prepare the
post space.
1&. /he 0anal -aster intracanal instrument has some disadvantagesoverconventional instruments in that the 0anal -astera. %ill enlarge the canal
unevenly.b. %ill result in more transportation if not precurved.c. is more
susceptible to breaage.d. cannot be utilized in all canal shapes.
1'. /hining in terms of design) %hich of the follo%ing size!&
endodonticinstruments made from the same steel %ould be mostsusceptible
to fracture separation6Ja. /riangular shaft le.b. "uare shaft reamer.c.
5homboid le.d. ;edstrom le.
1. /he most common dentin r e s p o n s e in the zone d e e p to c a r i e s isa.
increased permeability.b. alteration of collagen.c. dissolution of peritubular d
e n t i n.d. dentin sclerosis.
2. Although each carious lesion is individual and in7uenced by
multiplefactors) the caries process is g e n e r a l lya. continuous.b. rapid.c.
intermittent.d. slo%.
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3. 5elatively fe% bacteria are found in a pulp abscess because ofthea.
immune response of p u l p tissue.b. high tissue p; in the ad:acent
in7ammation.c. mechanical blocage of sclerotic d e n t i n.d. antibacterial
products of n e u t r o p h i l s.
#. ;yperplastic pulpitisa. occurs only in permanent m o l a r s.b. occurs %hen
there is no d a m a g e.c) is not invaded by bacteria.d) is predominantly acute
in7ammation
&. A periodontal ligament in:ection of 2I lidocaine %ith 191)epinephrine
%ill cause the pulp circulation toa. cease for about 3 minutes.b. remain the
same.c. increase maredly.d. decrease slightly.
'. 8f the follo%ing) the highest incidence of pulp necrosis is associated%itha.
class B preparations on root surface.b. inlay preparations.c. partial veneer
restorations.d. full cro%n preparations.
(. According to the hydrodynamic theory of dentin sensitivity) themovement
of 7uid through dentinal tubulesa. stimulates the sensory nerve bers of the
underlying pulp.b. displaces odontoblasts into the pulp tissue.c. has minimal
eect on the odontoblasts.d. results in the death of many odontoblasts.
*. Acid etching of dentin before insertion of the restorative materiala.
protects the pulp from bacterial invasion.b. enhances bacterial penetration of
the dentin.c. destroys odontoblastic processes in the tubules.d. decreases the
pulp response to the restorative material.
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,. $ulpal blood 7o% is most increased bya. impression taing using modeling
compound %ith copperbanding.b. fabrication of acrylic temporary
restoration.c. rubber base impression.d. hydrocolloid impression.
1. Dental tubules should be sealed before placement of restorationstoa.
allo% a calcium bridge to form in the pulp.b. reduce the pathogenicity of the
microorganisms.c. decrease the number of dentinal tubules.d. decrease the
permeability of underlying dentin.
11. /he smear layer on dentin %alls acts to prevent pulpal in:ury bya.
reducing diusion of toxic substance through the tubules.b. resisting the
eects of acid etching of the dentin.c. eliminating the need for a cavity liner
or base.d. its bactericidal activity against oral microorganisms.
12. A common histologic change in the pulp in response to moderatelydeep
dentin caries isa. chronic in7ammation.b. acute in7ammation.c.
vasoconstriction.d. increased numbers of odontoblasts.
13. Application of frictional heat to exposed dentin may result ina. severe
postoperative symptoms.b. vascular stasis or intrapulpal hemorrhage.c.
proliferation of cells in the cell!rich zone.d. invariably chronic +n7ammation.
1#. ;ypersensitivity is best relieved or controlled bya. opening tubules to
permit release of intrapulpal pressure.b. root planing to remove surface
layers that arc hypersensitive.c. applying antiin7ammatory agents to exposed
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dentin.d. blocing exposed tubules on the dentin surface.
1&. Deeper cavity preparations have more potential for pulpdamagebecause1. tubule diameter and density increaseM therefore) there is
increasingpermeability.2. there is more vibration to pulp cells.3. odontoblastic
processes are more liely to be severed.a. 1 only.b. 3 only.c. 1 and 3.d. 2 and
3.
1'. /he pulp generally begins to sho% histologic changes of in7ammationas
soon as caries has entereda. the dentin.b. the enamel.c. the pulp.d. thereparative irregular secondary6 dentin.
1(. 8f the follo%ing) %hich is the best %ay to prevent pulp damageduring
cavity preparationJa. 5etain the smear layer.b. Ose diamond burs %ith a
brush stroe.c. Ose ade"uate air coolant.d. Ose ade"uate %ater coolant.
1*. Hhich is the ma:or reason %hy class 11 restorations %ith compositeis
damaging to the pulpJa. -icroleaage at the occlusal.b. -icroleaage at the
gingival margin.c. /oxic chemicals are released from the composite and
diuseinto the pulp.d. $olymerization shrinage distorts the material at the
occlusaland opens gaps %hich results in recurrent caries.
1,. A pulp has been damaged and is in7amed because of deep cariesand
cavity preparation. Hhat material placed on the 7oor of thecavity aids the
pulp in resolving the in7ammationJa. 0a8;62b. Pn8 base.c. teroid
formulations.d. /here is no medication or material that actively promotes
pulphealing.
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2. A cusp fractures and exposes dentin but not the pulp. Hhat isthe
probable response in the pulpJa. evere damage %ith irreversible
in7ammation.b. -i +d!to!moderate in7ammation.c. $ain but no
in7ammation.d. o pulp response
1. +f several teeth are out of alignment follo%ing trauma) themost reasonable
explanation isa. luxation.b. subluxation.c. alveolar fracture.d. contusion.
2. +nitial vitality testing of traumatized teeth is most useful toa. establish a
baseline for comparison %ith future testing.b. determine %hether or not root
canal treatment is indicated.c. determine if the blood supply to the pulp is
compromised.d. predict the prognosis.
3. +nitial radiographic examination of dental in:uries that includelip
lacerationsa. reveals hairline root fractures.b. reveals facial!lingual diagonal
root fractures.c. may reveal foreign ob:ects in the lips.d. should includeocclusal vie%s.
#. 5ubber dam application for the placement of a restoration atthe
emergency appointmenta. usually is not advisable.b. is absolutely essential.c.
usually is possible.d. is dictated by the restorative material.
&. Hhich of the follo%ing radiographic lm exposures is best fordiagnosing
root fractures in the apical thirdJa. $arallel.b. isecting angle.c. 8cclusal.d.
$anoramic.
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'. /he initial priority in treatment of a horizontal root fracture%ith signicant
mobility isa. preservation of the pulp.b. reduction and immobilization.c. root
canal therapy.d. calcium hydroxide pulp therapy.
(. /o prevent the onset of in7ammatory resorption) the matureintruded tooth
musta. be allo%ed to reerupt.b. have the pulp removed %ithin 1 to 2 %ees.c.
have the pulp removed after the tooth is in position.d. have an immediate
root canal lling completed.
*. +n7ammatory resorption is the mechanism ofa. re:ection of autogenous
protein.b. eliminating infected calcied tissue.c. scar tissue formation.d.
se"uestration of bone.
,. 0omparing dental trauma in boys and girls9a. /he rate of trauma is
increasing more rapidly in girls.b. 4irls have more in:uries as the result of
sttights.c. oys have more in:uries in the maxilla) girls in the mandible.d.+n:uries are common in boys) rare in girls.
1. A direct facial EpaddedE blo% to the incisors is more liely tocausea.
enamel fracture.b. enamel!dcntin fracture.e. dentin fracture!pulp exposure)d.
luxation.
11. Apulpotomy coronal pulp removal6 is indicated %hen thereis a cro%n
fracture and pulp exposure anda. root formation is incomplete and the cro%n
is fractured inthe cervical one!third.b. the pulp has been exposed longer than
+ %ee.c. the puip is hypersensitive to cold.d. any portion of the fracture
extends to the root.
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12. onunion of a root fracture and in7ammatory response frompulp necrosis
is indicated radiographically bya. a periapical lesion.b. mared separation of
the segments.c. root resorption ad:acent to the fracture.d. %idening of the
fracture and resorption of ad:acent bone.
13. Displaced teeth that had pulp necrosis %ith root resorption andthen had
the appropriate endodontic treatmenta. often had continued resorption.b.
occasionally had anylosis.c. had a high rate of success)d. usually developed
apical pathosis.
1#. Hhich medium of storage for an avulscd tooth is best for
prolonecdperiodsJa. -il.b. Distilled %ater.c. ;an?s balanced salt solution.d.
$atient?s saliva.
1&. After replantation of an avulscd tooth that has air dried) comparing50/
%ith immediate gutta!percha obturation vs. treatment%ith intracanal calcium
hydroxide) the researcha. sho%s that both arc doomed to failure.b. sho%s
that 50/Cimmediate 4$ has the best success.c. sho%s that calcium hydroxide
treatment rst has the bestsuccess.d. as yet is inconclusive.
1'. A primary tooth %hose cro%n is displaced lingually and theroot faciallya.
is liely to damage the permanent successor.b. should be extracted.c. often
%ill anylosc) %ith resulting displacement of theerupting successor.d.
generally re"uires no treatment and causes no damage tothe successor.
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1(. +f a fully formed tooth has suered an intrusive in:ury andthe cro%n is
partially exposed) %hat is the recommended treatmentJa. >eave alone and
allo% to erupt spontaneously.b. plint for ( to 1 daysM %atchful %aiting.c.
8rthodontially reposition into correct alignment %ithin 3to # %ees.d.
5eposition %ith forceps.
+. +f calcic metamorphosis reduction in canal space6 is
observedradiographically follo%ing a displacement) the treatmentisa.
immediate root canal treatment.b. root canal treatment only if the tooth is
unresponsive topulp tests.c. root canal treatment only if the tooth discolors.d.
nothing unless signs and symptoms of periapical pathosisdevelop in the
future.
1,. Alvused replanted teeth %ith incomplete root formationa. re"uire pulp
removal if the extraoral period is more than 2hours.b. are prone to internal
resorption.c. are tested for revascularization %ith the electric pulp tester.d. in
most cases develop roots.
2. Hhich is most liciy to result in severe pulp damage necrosis6Ja.
+ntrusion displacement.b. >ateral displacement)c. namel!dentin fracture.d.
0ervical one!third root fracture.
21. +n a tooth that has been in:ured) a dramatic or distinct colorchange to
purple or dar gray after a fe% %ees is usuallyindicative ofa. internal
hemorrhage that is reversible.b. internal resorption that is irreversible.c.internal resorption that is reversible.d. pulp necrosis.
22. A nonmobilc. asymptomatic root fracture %ith evidence of hypeic a lei
cation of the pulpal space of the coronal generallyre"uiresa. no further
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treatment)b. root canal therapy %ith gutta!percha.c. root canal therapy %ith
calcium hydroxide initially.d. extraction because there is liely to be pathosis.
23. /he best %ay to treat a mature root fractured in the middleone third %ith
mobility and no response to pulp testing isa. to reposition segments) splint)
and monitor)b. to splint) begin access) pac %ith 0a8;6!).c. to extract
immediately) because restoration is impossible.d. to perform root canal
therapy) anchor segments together%ith cast post) and restore.
1. +nternal resorptiona. radiographical+y is often confused %ith externalreplacementresorption9b. is associated %ith systemic disease.c. is usually
associated %ith trauma.d. usually results only if odontoblasts andCor
predentin layer islost or altered.
2. tudies of internal resorption have sho%na. histologic dierences in the
process in primary and permanentteeth.b. no dierence in rate of progression
of the process in primaryand permanent teeth.c. normal pulp is replaced by a
periodontal!lie connective tissue.d. resorption of dentin and no deposition of
mineralized tissue.
3. xternal resorption may be found in %hich one of the follo%ingsystemic
diseasesJa. ;ypoparathyroidism.b. Diahetes.c. >euemia.d. $arinson?s
disease.
#. Apical external resorption) as related to periapical pathosis)a. re"uires
surgical intervention apicoeetomy6.b. is usually associated %ith a necrotic
pulp.c. is initially treated %ith conventional root canal treatment) althoughthis
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has a "uestionable outcome.d. is usually irreversible) has a poor prognosis)
and re"uires extraction.
&. 5esorption follo%ing bleachinga. is a reason not to treat tctracycline!
stained teeth %ith root canaltherapy and internal bleaching.b. may be due to
erosion of dentin exposed at the cervical line.c. is related to the use of heat
and 3,M hydrogen peroxide.d. docs not occur unless there is a history of
trauma.
'. 8rthodontic treatment resorption is most prevalent ina. maxiilaryincisors.b. mandibular incisors.c. maxillary premolars)d. mandibular
premolars.
(. Avulsed teeth replanted %ithout pulpectomy usually exhibita.
revascularization of pulp space.b. surface resorption.c. in7ammatory
resorption.d. anylosis.
*. 0ementum is more resistant than bone to resorption. A theory asto %hy
this is true is thata. cementum is more mineralized than bone.b. cementum
contains an antiresorptivc factor.c. bone is vascularM cementum avascular.d.
liber patterns in cementum are dierent than in bone and tendto be more
resistant to ciast!typc cells.
,. /he t%o ma:or local causes of root resorption area. in7ammation and
excessive pressure.b. in7ammation and cementoclast!activating factor.c.
excessive pressure and increased p; of ground substance.d. cementoclast!
activating factor and increased p; of groundsubstance.
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1. As related to root resorption during orthodontic movement rootcanal!
treated teeth area. more resistant to resorption.b. less resistant to
resorption.c. no dierent than untreated teeth.d. more prone to resorption if
there is a history of apical rootresorption as related to apical pathosis.
11. >ateral in7ammatory root resorption is usuallya. related to a tooth in:ury
that damages the $D>.b. related to sterile pulp necrosis.c. irreversible.d.
successfully treated only if calcium hydroxide is placed in thecanal prior to
obturation.
12. 0linical features of early stages of lateral in7ammation root
resorptioninclude that usually it isa. associated %ith normal pulp testing)
visible radiographically.b. asymptomatic) not visible radiographically.0.
associated %ith no or abnormal6 response to pulp testing)symptomatic)d.
symptomatic) not visible radiographically.
3. 0ervical root resorption is in many or most6 casesa. of unno%n etiology.b.
related to a subluxation in:ury.c. associated %ith a necrotic) infected pulp.d.
unrelated to in7ammation in the cervical periodontium.
1#. /reatment of medium depth cervical root resorption usually re"uiresa.
root canal treatment alone.b. root canal treatment follo%ed by surgery.c.
surgery alone.d. surgery) follo%ed if necessary by root canal treatment.
1&. /hese clinical features of internal resorption usually includea. positive
response to pulp testing) visible in the pulp spacersdiographically.b. visible in
both the pulp space and as a defect in the ad:acentbone.c. symptomatic)
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visible radiographically in the pulp space.d. asymptomatic) visible
radiographically in he pulp space) variableresponse to pulp testing.
1'. +n the treatment of nonpcrlorating internal resorption)
calciumhydroxidemay be used in the canal primarily toa. sterilize the canal
space.b. remineraliC.e the resolved areas.c. aid in breaing do%n inaccessible
areas containing tissue.d. lo%er p; in the tissue to counteract the
dentinobiasts.
1(. A common histologic feature of replacement resorption is :a. areas offusion of bone %ith cemenlumCdcntin.b. in7ammation in the ad:acent
periodontium.c. pulp necrosis %ith bacteria deep into the tubules.d. areas of
necrotic bone and necrotic cementum.
+G. A treatment approach that %ill generally arrest replacement resorptionisa.
pulpectomy and placement of 0a8;62.b. surgery to expose and curette the
defect.c. pulpectomy and immediate obturation.d. nonexistent. /here is no
no%n eective treatment
1. /he highest percentage of lateral canals occursa. in the coronal third of the
root.b. in the middle third of the rootc. in the apical third of the root.d.
any%here along +hc root) depending on the tooth in "uestion.
2. /reatment of pulpal diseases that cause periodontal diseases
usuallyre"uiresa. endodontic treatment alone.b. both endodontic and
periodontal treatment.c. periodontal surgery and curettage.d. combined
pcriradicular and periodontal surgery.
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3. tudies on the eects of periodontal disease on the pulp havesho%na.
pathologic pulp changes.b. degenerative pulp changes.c. no pulp changes.d.
all of the above.
#. Hhich of the follo%ing statements concerning a sinus tract of pulpalorigin
is falseJa. /he tract is usually thinner than an infrabony periodontalpocet.b.
Bitality tests may evoe an unaltered) normal response.c. $ain is not often
present.d. +t can be traced to the source of irritation.
&. Hhich of the follo%ing statements concerning a primary endodonticlesion
%ith secondary periodontal disease is falseJa. /his condition occurs %ith long!
standing pulpal disease andchronic periapical drainage.b. 5adiographs may
sho%! generalized periodontal disease %ith angulardefects at the initial site of
endodontic involvement.c. 5esolution of the lesion re"uires both endodontic
and periodomtal therapy.d. +f appropriate endodontic therapy is performed all
bone loss %illheal.
'. +n a primary periodontic lesion %ith secondary endodontic involvementa.
there is a history of extensive periodontal disease.b. the pulp al%ays
responds to vitality tests.c. pain is usually absent.d. periodontal therapy
should precede endodontic therapy.
(. /he concomitant pulpal!pcriodontal lesiona. is another name for thecombined endodontic!periodontic lesion.b. re"uires either periodontal or
endodontic treatment.c. radiographically may simulate a vertical fracture.d.
depends for its prognosis on the success of periodontal treatment.
*. /he most common cause of root resection failures isa. progressive
periodontal disease.b. recurrent endodontic pathosis.c. root fracture.d. poor
oral hygiene.
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elf!assessment "uestions1. Onless the benet!ris ratio is high) surgeryshould be avoided bya. Ebrittle diabetics.Eb. dialysis patients.c.
immunocompromised patients.d. all of the above.
2. Hhich of the follo%ing statements regarding the presurgical%orup is
falseJa. +t is performed by the surgical assistant.b. /he patient is informed of
the nature of the procedure.e. /he patient?s medical history is revie%ed and
blood pressure ischeced.d. one of the above.
1 -aximum hemostasis is obtained by depositing anesthetica. into the
attached gingiva.b. into the papillae.c. into the alveolar mucosa.d. into all of
the above.
#. 2I >idocaine %ith 19&)16 pinephrinea. iscontraindicated in the
medically compromised patient.b. is administered after anesthesia is
obtained.c. provides anesthesia and analgesia.d. is deposited in multiple
in:ections into the vestibular tissuesapical to the root apices.
&. /he triangularCrectangular llap %ith suleular incisiona. provides the best
access of all 7aps.b. has no disadvantages.c. compromises the blood supplyto the hap.d. elevation begins at the :unction of the horizontal and
verticalincision.
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'. Hhich of the follo%ing statements concerning the
triangularCrectangular7ap %ith mucogingival incision is falseJa. /his 7ap is
eontraindicated %ith short roots.b. urvival of marginal gingiva depends on
secondary blood supp?y
c.ecause tissue reapproximation is simplied) sear formation isminimal.d. +t
is popular because marginal gingiva is undisturbed.
(. /he most common cause of lap in:ury isa. insu=cient extension of
releasing incisions.b. excessive tension by sutures.c. using undermining
elevation.d. improper retractor positioning.
*. Hhich of the follo%ing statements concerning apical curettage istrueJa.
Apical curettage is denitive treatment.b. ot all curetted soft tissue needs to
be submitted for biopsy.c. ony access should be enlarged to remove the
lesion in toto.d. -l of the above.
,. /he angle of the beveled resected roota. should be su=cient to provide
access to perform the rctropreparation.b. is rarely greater than it appears to
be.c. should be at #& degrees to the facial surface.d. All of the above.urgical
endodontics &'(
1.
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11. All beveled root canal llingsa. can be easily evaluated.b. lea.c. can be
hermetically sealed by retrolling %ithout a magnicationsystem.d. should be
rctrolled only if there is an apparent incompletelysealed root canal system.
12. Hhich of the follo%ing is not a re"uirement for retropreparations?1a. All
isthmus tissue must be removed.b. +n roots %ith one canal the shape is
usually round.c. +t must be parallel to the anatomic outline of the pulpal
space.d. +t must be at least 3 mm deep.
13. Oltrasonic root end preparationsa. eliminate the bevel.b. facilitate ideaL
preparation.c. conserve root structure.d. All of the above.
1#. 0haracteristics of an ideaL retrolling material include all of thefollo%ing
excepta. long!term sealing ability.b. unaected by moisture.c. slight
expansion on setting.d. nonresorbable.
1&. /he retrolling material that oers the most advantages to dateisa.
amalgam and cavity varnish.b. composite resin.c. +5- orA.d.
polycarboxylate cement.
1'. uturesa. do not impede %ound healing.b. ideally should be removed
after #* hours.c. are placed by proceeding from the attached tissue to the
unattachedtissue.d. All of the above.
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1(. $ostoperative care does not includea. continuous application of an ice
pac.b. chlorhexidene mouth rinses.c. %ritten postoperative instructions.d.
one of the above.
1*. /he operating microscope cana. enhance the ability of the surgeon to
inspect) prepare) and sealthe apex.b. be useful in patient education.c. provide
a permanent record for insurance purposes.d. All of the above.
elf!assessment "uestions1. /he duration of action of a local anesthetic can
be increased bya. increasing its lipid solubility.b. increasing its protein!binding
potential.c. decreasing its extra!neural tissue diusibility.d. increasing its
vasodilator activity.
2. +nade"uate anesthesia in some cases of in7amed or infected pulpsis due
toa. a decrease in the tissue p; around the involved tooth.b. availability of
more cations for binding at the receptor site.c. a larger proportion of the freebase.d. a smaller proportion of the cation.
3. upraperiostcal anesthesia isa. most eective in areas of infection.b.
generally used for pulpal anesthesia olE maxillary teeth.c. not eective for
primary teeth in the mandibular arch.d. eective in areas of dense cortical
bone.
#. /he infraorbital nerve bloc does not anesthetizea. the maxillary
premolar.b. the maxillary incisors.c. the palatal mucosa.d. the maxillary
cuspid.
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&. $artial anesthesia to the mesial of the mandibular rst molar canbe
alleviated bya. anesthetizing the motor bers of the mylohyoid nerve.b.
depositing anesthetic on the buccal side at the level of the mesialapex.c.
depositing anesthetic on the lingual side at the level of the apexof the second
molar.d. all of the above.
'. lectronic dental anesthesia DA6a. has not been approved by the
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11. 0ompared to diazepam Balium6) midazolam Bersed6a. provides an
amnesic eect)b. is not as potent.c. re"uires no local anesthetic for pain
control.d. provides a greater degree of sedation.
12. Hhich route of administration of conscious sedation re"uires noone to
escort the patient from the o=ceJa. 8ral.b. +ntravenous.c. +nhalation.d. one
of Qhe above.
elf!assessment "uestions1. Hhich of the follo%ing is not helpful in
determining if a patientis appropriate for bleachingJa. 5ecent periapical
radiographs.b. Bitality tests.c. /ransillumination.d. An intraoral camera.
2. /he most di=cult stains from dental treatment to bleach successfullyare
froma. amalgam restoration.b. root canal sealers.c) composite restorations.d)
gold restorations.
3. /eeth are most susceptible to tetracycline staining froma. four months in
utero to eight years of age.b. birth to seven years of age.c. seven months in
utero until the third molars are formed.d. anytime during life.
#. As described by @ordan and osman) third degree tetracyclinestaining isa.
dar gray or blue in color) %ith banding.b. dar yello% or gray in color.c. too
dar to bleach.d. light yello% or gray in color.
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&. -inocycline) in contrast to other tetracyclines)a. causes staining of
enamel.b. causes discoloration in teeth after calcication)c. chelates %ith
calcium to form tooth pigmentation.d. all of the above.
'.
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light source isa. 1 to 11& degrees.b. 11& to 1# degrees.c. 1# to 1'
degrees.d. 1' to as high as the patient can tolerate.
11. Hith vital bleachinga. both arches should be treated simultaneously.b.
treatment should proceed from the less discolored teeth to themost
discolored.c. incisal halves of teeth respond "uicer than cervical halves)d.
yello%!bro%n and gray stains are e"ually di=cult to remove.
12. Hhich of the follo%ing is not necessary for vital bleachingJa. $atient
%ears safety glasses.b. >ocal anesthesia.c. $umice prophylaxis.d. $olish teethafter last treatment.
13. /he barrier material for bleaching pulpless teeth should bea. +5-.b.
dental sealant.c. glass ionomer cement.d. zinc oxyphosphate.
1#. 0ervical resorption in bleached pulpless teeth may result froma. bleach
placed apical to the 0@.b. tooth becoming pulpless before patient reaches
age 2&.c. a defect in the 0@.d. all of the above.
1&. /he most common treatment for cervical resorption follo%ing
intracoronalbleaching isa. surgical repair.b. orthodontic extrusion.c.
extraction.d. calcium hydroxide therapy.
1'. Hhich of the follo%ing is not part of the bleaching procedure
forendodontieally treated teethJa. 5ubber dam isolation.b. Acid etching.c.
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uperoxoL or sodium perborate.d. A heat source.
1(. Hith nightguard vital bleachinga. the reported success rate is (&I.b.7uorosed teeth are the least responsive.c. the bleaching agent is 1I
carbamide peroxide.d. patients %iih removable partial dentures can %ear the
nightguardonly at night.
1*) Onno%ns about nightguard bleaching include all of the follo%ingexcepta.
longevityb. eects on restorations.c. e=cacy.d. none of the above.leaching
of vital and pulpless teeth '3
1,. $atient instructions during nightguard bleaching includea. replace
bleaching solution every 3 to # hours.b. %ear nightguard as long as
possible.c. discontinue treatment and contact /he dentist if teeth
becomehypersensitive.d. all of the above.
2.
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2. ndodontic access through existing cro%nsa. usually has no eect on
porcelain strength.b. does not cause separation of the porcelain veneer from
themetal substructure.c. often leads to excessive removal of coronal tooth
structure.d. should not be performed.
3. During the restorative examination prior to endodontic therapya. the
strategic value of the tooth is of minor signicance.b. a critical amount of
solid coronal dentin is re"uired.c. the ferrule has no eect on the incidence of
root fracture.d. if insu=cient tooth structure remains to %ithstand
functionalforces) the tooth should al%ays be extracted.
#. +n endodontically treated teetha. decreased strength is due to the loss of
coronal tooth structure.b) decreased strength is a direct result of the
endodontic treatmentc) mandibular teeth are stronger than maxillary teeth.d.
all of the above.
&. /he do%el functions primarilya. to retain the core material.b. to strengthen
the tooth.c. to distribute forces along the length of the root.d. to decrease the
ris of root fracture.
'. 4uidelines for do%el length in a tooth %ith normal periodontalsupport
includea. t%o thirds of the length of the canal)b. the coronal length of the
tooth.c. one half the bone!supported length of the tooth.d. all of the above.
(. Do%el features that contribute the greatest retention area. increased
length) parallel sides) and moderate diameter.b. increased length) taper) and
serrated surface.c. increased length) parallel sides) and serrated surface.d.
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increased length) taper) and smooth surface.
*. 0ompared to nicel!chrome do%els) titanium do%els area. stronger.b. lessradiopa"ue.c. more allergenic.d. more economical.
,. /he microleaage phenomenon is greatest %itha. composite resin core.b.
amalgam core.c. glass ionomer core.d. cast post and core.
1. Hhich material should be avoided in teeth %ith high estheticvalueJa.
0omposite resin.b. 4lass ionomers.c. Amalgam.d. 0ast post and core.
11. 0omposite coresa. are anticariogenic.b. should be used only in teeth %ith
signicant remaining structure.c. are dimensionally stable.d. all of the above.
12. Hhich endodontically treated teeth al%ays re"uire a do%el) acore) and
cro%nJa.
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1#.
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3. Hhich of the follo%ing diagnostic tests are usually reliable fordetermining
pulpal status in primary teethJa. /hermal pulp tests.b. lectric pulp tests.c.
$ercussion testing.d. one of the above.
#. +ndirect pulp therapya. is indicated only in the treatment of teeth %ith deep
cariouslesions in %hich there is no clinical evidence of pulpal degenerationor
periapical pathology.b. removes all the bacteria but not all the caries.c.
includes placing calcium hydroxide or P8 over the remainingcaries and
permanently restoring the tooth %ith amalgam.d. All of the above.
&. Direct pulp capping is recommended for primary teeth %itha. carious
exposures.b. mechanical exposures.c. calcication in the pulp chamber.d. All
of the above.
'. 0alcium hydroxidea. is the material of choice for direct pulp capping.b.
may cause calcication of the remaining pulp tissue.c. does not enter into the
formation of the dentin bridge.d. All of the above.
(.
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the area %here theformocresol %as applied.c. Development of a periradicular
radiolucency.d. >oosening of the tooth.
,.
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1#. Apexication is the treatment of choice for a permanent tooth%ith a %ide!
open apex %hena. the pulp is necrotic.b. there is a history of spontaneous
pain %ith a carious exposure.c. there is a large mechanical exposure %ith
profuse pulpal bleeding.d. All of the above.
elf!assessment "uestions1. $eriapical radiographs should be revie%eda.
before discussion of the chief complaint.b. after discussing the chief
complaint %ith the patient.c. :ust before the clinical examination.d. after
completing the clinical examination.
2. Hith aging)a. lateral canals become more clinically signicant.b. gingival
recession exposes cementum and dentin) %hich is lessresistant to decay.c.
the cementodentinal :unction moves closer to the radiographicapex %ith
continuous apical remodeling.d. All of the above.
3. Hhich pulp tests have limited diagnostic value in geriatric patientsJa.
lectric pulp tests.b. /est cavity.e. elective anesthesia)d. All of the above.
#. 0raced teetha. are rare in geriatric patients.b. %ill not have pulpal or
periodontal disease unless the cause ofpulpal irritation is evidentc. %ith
periapical disease and normal pocet depths have an excellentprognosis
follo%ing root canal therapy.4eriatric endodontics '*,d. %hen associated
%ith periodontal pocets have a poor prognosis.
&. +n geriatric patientsa. there is a direct correlation bet%een the degree of
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response toelectric pulp testing and the degree of in7ammation.b. there is a
reduced volume and increased neural component ofthe pulp.c. tooth
discoloration usually is not indicative of pulpal death.d. diuse pain of vague
origin is common.
'. +n the geriatric patient) %ith increasing age) radiographicallya. the
incidence of condensing osteitis increases.b. the incidence of odontogenic
and nonodontogenic cysts increases.c. the apical constriction is closer to the
radiographic apex.d. All of the above.
(. 5egarding endodontic treatment in aged patients.a. one appointment
procedures are advantageous.b. fre"uent appointments of short duration are
preferable.c. root canal treatment is more traumatic than extraction.d.
intraligamentary in:ection is the recommended techni"ue forobtaining
anesthesia.
*. /he fre"uency and intensity of discomfort follo%ing instrumentationis not
related toa. the amount of preparation.b. pulp or periapical status.c. %hether
or not the root canal is tilled at the same appointment.d. All of the above.
,. +n evaluating success and failure of endodontic therapy in agedpatients)
one must consider thata. the bone of the aged patient is more mineralized
than that ofa younger patient.b. overlooed canals are seldom a problem
because they are usuallycalcied.c. as long as 2 years may be necessary to
produce healing that%ould occur at ' months in an adolescent.d. coldsensitivity is the only symptom that may indicate a missedcanal.
1. ndodontic surgery in geriatric patientsa. re"uires more anesthetic and
vasoconstrictor than in youngerpatients.b. is usually indicated to establish
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drainage or for relief of pain.c. produces postoperative eechymosis more
commonly than inyounger patients.d. seldom re"uires the placement of a
retrograde lling.
elf!assessment "uestions1. Hhich of the follo%ing is not signicant in
evaluating treatmentresults?.?a. /he extension of lling material.b. /he
location of the treated tooth.c. /he obturation "uality.d. /he presence of
periapical pathosis before treatment.
2. +n evaluating treatment results) the consensus on the minimumperiod of
observation %asa. at least ' months.b. ' months to a year.c. at least 1 year.d.
at least 2 years.
3. $itfalls associated %ith radiographic interpretation of success orfailure
includea. change in angulation.b. lac of radiographic changes.c. personal
bias.d. All of the above.
#. Hhich of the follo%ing statements concerning radiographs istrueJa.
%elling and pain) necessitating incision and.drainage) mayoccur %ithout any
radiographic indication.b. At least 3I of the bone must be decalcied for a
lesion tobe evident radiographicaily.c. /he size of the lesion on the radiograph
is indicative of theactual amount of bone destruction.d. 0omplete denudation
of bone over the root apex is al%ays evidentradiographicaily.
&. Ondcrextending the access cavity preparation may lead toa. a missed
canal.b. breaage of endodontic instruments.c. discoloration of the cro%n.d.
All of the above.
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'. ony lesions that may be associated %ith vertical root fractureincludea. a
%idened periodontal ligament space on one or both sides ofthe root.b. a halo!
lie lesion around the root apex extending to midroot.c. an angular
periodontal defect extending apically from thecrcstal bone.d. All of the above.
(. ndodontic retreatmenta. is as technically challenging as original
treatment.b. has a poorer prognosis than original treatment.c. is performed
only on endodontic failures.d. has dierent ob:ectives than primary
treatment.
*. 0linically successful cases %ith radiographicaily unsatisfactoryobturationa.
should al%ays be retreated.b. should be retreated only if a ne% prosthetic
restoration isplanned.c. should be considered for retreatment or follo%!up if a
ne%prosthetic restoration is planned.d. should only be considered for follo%!
up if no ne% restorationis planned.
,. Hhich of the follo%ing aspects of the root canal lling is not afactor in
determining %hether an endodontic failure should be retreatedor surgically
treatedJa. time since obturation.b. apical extension of lling material.c.
density of lling material.d. type of lling material.
1. 5emoval of existing prosthetic restorations before retreatmenta. is al%ays
indicated.b. permits more radiographic information to be obtained.c. %ill not
aid in revealing a vertical fracture.d. All of the above.
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11. /o remove soft!settina pastes) they should initially be penetratedbya.
sonic instruments.b. ultrasonic instruments.c. routine endodontic
instruments.d. solvents.
12. 8verextended gutta!percha should be removeda. by pulling it out in one
piece.b. surgically.c. %ith rotary instruments.d. %ith solvents.
13. During retreatment he coronal portion of gutta!percha should bea.
dissolved %ith solvents.b. drilled out.c. removed by heat.d. removed using
ultrasonics.
1#. 0hloroforma. is the most eective gutta!percha solvent.b. is prohibited for
use in dentistry in most countries.c. has no adverse eects on clinicians.d. All
of the above.
1&. Hhich solvent) %hen heated) is as eective as chloroformJa. Fylene.b.
-ethyl chloroform.c. ;alothane.d. ucaiypol.
1'. /he techni"ue of choice for removing poorly condensed guttaperchaisa.
automated instrumentation.b. hand instrumentation.c. ultrasonic
instrumentation.d. rotary instrumentation.
1(. /he -asscrann it techni"ue for removing solid ob:ectsa. is not time
consuming.b. is more successful in posterior teeth than in anterior ones.c.
re"uires fre"uent radiograph monitoring.d. is better than the ultrasonic
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techni"ue.
elf!assessment "uestions
1. Hhich of the follo%ing is not signicant in evaluating treatmentresults?.?a.
/he extension of lling material.b. /he location of the treated tooth.c. /he
obturation "uality.d. /he presence of periapical pathosis before treatment.
2. +n evaluating treatment results) the consensus on the minimumperiod of
observation %asa. at least ' months.b. ' months to a year.c. at least 1 year.d.
at least 2 years.
3. $itfalls associated %ith radiographic interpretation of success orfailureincludea. change in angulation.b. lac of radiographic changes.c. personal
bias.d. All of the above.
#. Hhich of the follo%ing statements concerning radiographs istrueJa.
%elling and pain) necessitating incision and.drainage) mayoccur %ithout any
radiographic indication.b. At least 3I of the bone must be decalcied for a
lesion tobe evident radiographicaily.c. /he size of the lesion on the radiographis indicative of theactual amount of bone destruction.d. 0omplete denudation
of bone over the root apex is al%ays evidentradiographicaily.
&. Ondcrextending the access cavity preparation may lead toa. a missed
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canal.b. breaage of endodontic instruments.c. discoloration of the cro%n.d.
All of the above.
'. ony lesions that may be associated %ith vertical root fractureincludea. a
%idened periodontal ligament space on one or both sides ofthe root.b. a halo!
lie lesion around the root apex extending to midroot.c. an angular
periodontal defect extending apically from thecrcstal bone.d. All of the above.
(. ndodontic retreatmenta. is as technically challenging as original
treatment.b. has a poorer prognosis than original treatment.c. is performedonly on endodontic failures.d. has dierent ob:ectives than primary
treatment.
*. 0linically successful cases %ith radiographicaily unsatisfactoryobturationa.
should al%ays be retreated.b. should be retreated only if a ne% prosthetic
restoration isplanned.c. should be considered for retreatment or follo%!up if a
ne%prosthetic restoration is planned.d. should only be considered for follo%!
up if no ne% restorationis planned.
,. Hhich of the follo%ing aspects of the root canal lling is not afactor in
determining %hether an endodontic failure should be retreatedor surgically
treatedJa. time since obturation.b. apical extension of lling material.c.
density of lling material.d. type of lling material.
1. 5emoval of existing prosthetic restorations before retreatmenta. is al%ays
indicated.b. permits more radiographic information to be obtained.c. %ill not
aid in revealing a vertical fracture.d. All of the above.
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11. /o remove soft!settina pastes) they should initially be penetratedbya.
sonic instruments.b. ultrasonic instruments.c. routine endodontic
instruments.d. solvents.
12. 8verextended gutta!percha should be removeda. by pulling it out in one
piece.b. surgically.c. %ith rotary instruments.d. %ith solvents.
13. During retreatment he coronal portion of gutta!percha should bea.
dissolved %ith solvents.b. drilled out.c. removed by heat.d. removed using
ultrasonics.
1#. 0hloroforma. is the most eective gutta!percha solvent.b. is prohibited for
use in dentistry in most countries.c. has no adverse eects on clinicians.d. All
of the above.
1&. Hhich solvent) %hen heated) is as eective as chloroformJa. Fylene.b.
-ethyl chloroform.c. ;alothane.d. ucaiypol.
1'. /he techni"ue of choice for removing poorly condensed guttaperchaisa.
automated instrumentation.b. hand instrumentation.c. ultrasonicinstrumentation.d. rotary instrumentation.
1(. /he -asscrann it techni"ue for removing solid ob:ectsa. is not time
consuming.b. is more successful in posterior teeth than in anterior ones.c.
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re"uires fre"uent radiograph monitoring.d. is better than the ultrasonic
techni"ue
Ans%ers to elf!Assessment Ruestions
0haper 19 Diagnostic $rocedures 0hapter &9 $reparation for /reatmentla 'c
11a +d 'c 11a2b (b 12d 2b (b 12c3b *b 13b 3b *c 13d#b ,b 1#c #c ,d&d l8d
&b 1c
0hapter 29 8rofacial Dental $ain mergencies 0hapter '9 Armamentarium and
terilizationlc 'b lie lb 'a2b (c 12c 2b (b3c *a 13c 3a *b#b ,b 1#c #d ,b&c1c &c 1c
0hapter 39 onodontogenic
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0hapter #9 0ase election and /reatment $lanning ystemla 'b lid lc 'c lib
1'b2b (c 12c 2c (b 12c 1(c3b *a 13c 3d *d 13d 1*a#c ,c +#d #a ,c 1#b&a
1c 1&a &b 1b 1&c(3* +ssues in endodontics
0hapter ,9 8bturation of the 5oot 0anal ystem 0hapter 1(9 5oot
5esorptionla 'a la 'a 11a 1'c2c (c 2a (c 12b 1(a3d 3c *b 13c +*d#b #b ,a
1#d&c &c 1c 1&d
0hapter 19 5ecords and >egal 5esponsibilities 0hapter 1*9 ndodontic!
$eriodontal 5elations+d 'a lb &d2b (a 2a 'a3c *b 3d (d#d ,d #b *c&b
0hapter 1,9 urgical ndodontics
0hapter 119 $ulp Development) tructure) lc S nb Tbband
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0hapter 1#9 +nstruments) -aterials) and Devices Td 'd m) ilblb 'd lie 1'd 2c
(c 12b2a (a 12d 3b *b 13d3c *a 13a #a ,a 1#c#b ,a 1#c &a l8a.c 1&c&d 1a
1&c
0hapter 239 $ediatric ndodontic /reatment