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Materials Innovation for Next-Generation Batteries Corsin Battaglia SCCER HaE Annual Symposium 2018

SCCER Heat and Electricity Storage

www.sccer-hae.ch

Next-generation lithium-ion batteries

State-of-the-art: 220 Wh/kg SCCER target: 275 Wh/kg

Cathode Team Battaglia Empa

Anode Team Kovalenko ETH/Empa

70% after 500 cycles

Energy density on cell level

Charge 0.5 C Discharge 1.0 C Temperature 25°C Remaining capacity 70% DOD 0%-100%, 500 cycles DOD 6%-94%, 7’500 cycles DOD 8%-92%, 15’000 cycles DOD 10%-90%, 28’000 cycles DOD 20%-80%, 35’000 cycles http://blog.evandmore.com/lets-talk-about-the-panasonic-ncr18650b/

last 10% capacity during 70 min

90% after 180 cycles

Panasonic NCR18650B LG INR MJ1 Samsung SDI INR 35E

How to reach 220 Wh/kg?

Synthesis Automated co-precipitation reactor

Shape controlled synthesis

Validation with NMC111

30 Wh/kg

How to reach 220 Wh/kg?

Slurry formulation

Tape casting

Drying and calendering

Automated co-precipitation reactor

Shape controlled synthesis

Validation with NMC111

Synthesis

Coating

150 Wh/kg

220 Wh/kg

How to reach 220 Wh/kg?

Slurry formulation

Tape casting

Drying and calendering

Stacking

Stacking

Automated co-precipitation reactor

Shape controlled synthesis

Validation with NMC111

Synthesis

Coating

Team Fürst BFH

How to go beyond 220 Wh/kg?

Increase nickel content

Reduce cobalt content

Gain in energy density & cost reduction

Sacrificial electrolyte additives

91% capacity retention after 200 cycles

Still suffer from impedance growth

Electrolyte

Synthesis

Vidal Laveda et al. in preparation

275 Wh/kg

Non-flammable electrolytes

Stability window of water 1.23 V

High salt concentration to reach 2.6 V

77% capacity retention after 500 cycles Kühnel et al. Chem. Comm. 2016 Kühnel et al. ACS Energy Express 2017 Reber et al. ACS Sust. Energy Fuels 2017 Reber et al. submitted

Non-flammable electrolytes

Stability window of water 1.23 V

High salt concentration to reach 2.6 V

77% capacity retention after 500 cycles Kühnel et al. Chem. Comm. 2016 Kühnel et al. ACS Energy Express 2017 Reber et al. ACS Sust. Energy Fuels 2017 Reber et al. submitted

Non-flammable electrolytes

Stability window of water 1.23 V

High salt concentration to reach 2.6 V

77% capacity retention after 500 cycles Kühnel et al. Chem. Comm. 2016 Kühnel et al. ACS Energy Express 2017 Reber et al. ACS Sust. Energy Fuels 2017 Reber et al. submitted

B12H122-

B10H102-

Na+

Solid-state electrolytes

Duchêne et al. Chem. Comm. 2017 Yan et al. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017 Roedern et al. Sci. Reports 2017 SNF Sinergia w/ UniGe & PSI

Closoborate salts

Suppression of transition by 1:1 anion mixing

Thermally stable up to at least 300 °C

~1 mS/cm at room temperature

3 V stability window

Compatible with sodium metal anode

Low overpotential for sodium plating/stripping

3.0 V

plating

Solid-state electrolytes

Duchêne et al. Energy and Environ. Sci. 2017 Patent application submitted SNF Sinergia w/ UniGe & PSI

Solid-state electrolytes

Duchêne et al. Energy and Environ. Sci. 2017 Patent application submitted SNF Sinergia w/ UniGe & PSI

3.0 V

plating

3 V stability window

Compatible with sodium metal anode

Low overpotential for sodium plating/stripping

Candidate cathode material NaCrO2

85% capacity retention after 250 cycles

L i - I o n

N a N i C l

N a - I o n

3

4

1 2

A l l - S o l i d - S t a t e

T R L

SNSF, BFE CTI, InnoSuisse

Contact corsin.battaglia@empa.ch

Lab members, FZSonick, SCCER & Sinergia partners

From lab to market

Several postdoc positions to open soon