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Application about Control Technology

Pressure Measurement in the S7-CPU UsingSITRANS P Transmitter

Application Description


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Application Pressure Measurement ID Number: 23642357

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Note The application examples are not binding and do not claim to becomplete regarding the circuits shown, equipping and any eventuality.The application examples do not represent customer-specific solutions.They are only intended to provide support for typical applications. Youare responsible in ensuring that the de-scribed products are correctlyused. These application examples do not relieve you of the responsibilityin safely and professionally using, installing, operating and servicingequipment. When using these application examples, you recognize thatSiemens cannot be made liable for any damage/claims beyond theliability clause described. We reserve the right to make changes to theseapplication examples at any time without prior notice. If there are anydeviations between the recommendations provided in these application

examples and other Siemens publications e.g. Catalogs then thecontents of the other documents have priority.

Warranty, liability and support

We do not accept any liability for the information contained in thisdocument.

Any claims against us - based on whatever legal reason - resulting from theuse of the examples, information, programs, engineering and performancedata etc., described in this application example shall be excluded. Such anexclusion shall not apply in the case of mandatory liability, e.g. under theGerman Product Liability Act (Produkthaftungsgesetz), in case of intent,gross negligence, or injury of life, body or health, guarantee for the qualityof a product, fraudulent concealment of a deficiency or breach of acondition which goes to the root of the contract (wesentlicheVertragspflichten). However, claims arising from a breach of a conditionwhich goes to the root of the contract shall be limited to the foreseeabledamage which is intrinsic to the contract, unless caused by intent or grossnegligence or based on mandatory liability for injury of life, body or healthThe above provisions does not imply a change in the burden of proof toyour detriment.

Copyright 2006 Siemens A&D. It is not permissible to transfer or

copy these application examples or excerpts of them without firsthaving prior authorization from Siemens A&D in writing.

For questions about this document please use the following e-mail address:

mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Foreword

Objective of the application

This application was created to provide the user with the following:

A modifiable and expandable example of an industrial pressuremeasurement and

the illustration of a convenient option of operating and visualizing acontrol using a touch panel.

This application shows how the pressure of a medium is determined andhow actions are performed depending on defined pressure ranges using aSIMATIC controller and a SITRANS P transmitter.

This topic can be found in many sectors, e.g.

in the pharmaceutical industry,

in the chemical industry,

in the food industry,

in water supply,

in the engineering industry,

in rolling mills,

in the shipbuilding industry.

Main contents of this application

This application deals with the following key elements:

Design, principle of operation and application of measuring transmittersfor pressure,

STEP7 program of a pressure measurement,

Connection of a touch panel for operator control of the process andplant monitoring using WinCC flexible.

Delimitation

This application does not include a description of

the SIMATIC STEP 7 engineering tool,

the WinCC flexible visualization software.

Basic knowledge of these topics is required.


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Structure of the document

The documentation of this application is divided into the following mainparts.

Part Description

Application Description You are provided with a general overview of thecontents. You are informed on the usedcomponents (standard hardware and softwarecomponents and the specially created usersoftware).

Principles of Operationand Program Structures

This part describes the detailed functionalsequences of the involved hardware and softwarecomponents, the solution structures and where

useful the specific implementation of thisapplication. It is only required to read this part if youwant to familiarize with the interaction of thesolution components to use these components e.g.as a basis for own developments.

Structure, Configurationand Operation of theApplication

This part takes you step by step through structure,important configuration steps, startup and operationof the application.

Appendix This part of the documentation provides furtherinformation, e.g. bibliographic references,glossaries, etc.

Reference to Automation and Drives Service & Support

This entry is from the internet application portal of Automation and DrivesService & Support. Its Entry ID is 23642357. For the direct link to thedownload page of this document, please refer to /2/.


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Table of Contents

Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... 5Application Description ............................................................................................... 61 Automation Problem ...................................................................................... 61.1 Overview........................................................................................................... 61.2 Requirements ................................................................................................... 82 Automation Solution .................................................................................... 102.1 Overview of the overall solution...................................................................... 102.2 Description of the core functionality................................................................ 112.2.1 Overview and description of the user interface............................................... 112.2.2 Sequence of the core functionality.................................................................. 162.3 Required hardware and software components............................................... 182.4 Performance data ........................................................................................... 212.5 Alternative solution with Sonar-BERO............................................................ 24Principles of Operation and Program Structures.................................................... 253 General Functional Mechanisms................................................................. 253.1 Different types of pressure.............................................................................. 253.2 Different measuring transmitters..................................................................... 264 Explanations on the Example Program ...................................................... 294.1 Measured-value processing............................................................................ 294.2 The structure of the STEP7 program.............................................................. 324.3 FC 12 (MAIN) in detail .................................................................................... 344.4 The variables on the touch panel.................................................................... 375 Modifications to the Example Program ...................................................... 385.1 Changing the pressure measuring range ....................................................... 385.2 Measuring transmitter with voltage output...................................................... 39Structure, Configuration and Operation of the Application ................................... 426 Installation and Startup................................................................................ 426.1 Installation of hardware and software............................................................. 426.2 Loading the application software .................................................................... 446.3 Startup ............................................................................................................ 47Appendix and Literature ............................................................................................ 537 Literature ....................................................................................................... 537.1 References on hardware and software of this application .............................. 537.2 Further literature ............................................................................................. 548 History ........................................................................................................... 55


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Content

You are provided with an overview of the automated pressuremeasurement with SIMATIC and SITRANS components. You are informedon the used components (standard hardware and software componentsand the specially created user software).

The listed performance data show the performance of this application.

1 Automation Problem

You are provided with information on

the specific automation problem described in this documentation.

1.1 Overview

Introduction

Production and industrial processes require that the pressure of a medium(gas, liquid) is reliably sensed with suitable means withstanding therespective process conditions in order to

secure optimum and constant process conditions in a process step, detect the permissible minimum / maximum values to ensure

process reliability,

detect for its visualization or for triggering various actions in theproduction process

Using a PLC, these measured data are used for the control of the technicalprocess or for monitoring purposes. An HMI (human machine interface, e.g.a touch panel) can be used to visually monitor pressure values and tospecify new pressure setpoint or limit values.

Application example

The possible field of application for this application shown in the figurebelow as an example is a level measurement in the fermentation tank of abrewery.


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Figure 1-1: Level measurement in the fermentation tank of a brewery

Pressure transmitters are frequently used for level measurement. Thetransmitter is installed at the bottom of the tank. The liquid column in thetank exerts a hydrostatic pressure on the measuring sensor. The followingapplies to the filling height:

The fill level is thus directly proportional to the pressure provided that thedensity of the liquid is considered as constant and that a stationary

measurement (g = const) is assumed. The correlation between pressureand filling height is independent of the tank form (hydrostatic paradox). Apossible foam formation does not influence the measurement result.

If the liquid filling amount is to be determined in a closed container underpressure, two pressure transmitters are required. The measuringtransmitter at the bottom of the container measures the sum of hydrostaticpressure of the filling medium and the superimposed excess pressureabove the liquid column. A second pressure transmitter at the top edge ofthe container is used to separately measure the excess pressure above theliquid column; the excess pressure is then subtracted from the value of thetransmitter at the bottom of the container.


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Description of the automation problem

The pressure in a liquid system (piping or tank) is to be measured with apressure transmitter. Depending on specific pressure values, differentactions are to be started automatically. The purpose of these actions is toe.g

inform personnel when the pressure in the medium is a specificpercentage below the setpoint,

open a valve when the pressure exceeds a specific maximum value.

In the application, the above actions are represented by the setting ofdigital outputs and in the software by jumps to program parts at which acorresponding user-defined action can be programmed.

1.2 Requirements

This application is realized in a STEP7 project. It is to meet therequirements listed below:

Sensor requirements

The relative pressure of a liquid is to be sensed with a pressuretransmitter.

The transmitter is to be realized as a screw-in probe with GA (outsidethread) process interface of high-quality steel.

The measuring transmitter is electrically connected by connectors(DIN 43 650) with Pg 9 cable entry.

The transmitter is to be capable of sensing a pressure of 016 bar andof mapping this pressure to an analog signal of 420mA using themeasuring transmitter.

The transmitter is to be designed for a measured medium temperatureof -30C to +120C.

The transmitter is to be operated with 24V DC.

Controller requirements

By means of the signal from the measuring transmitter, the controller isto calculate the pressure in the liquid in bar.

The controller is to divide the permitted pressure measuring rangedepending on the sensor into seven sub-areas; one digital output(Q 4.0Q 4.6) is assigned to each sub-area. That digital output iscontrolled, in the pressure range of which the current pressure valuemoves. The pressure sub-areas are to be easily changeable by theuser.

Falling below or exceeding a lower or upper limit pressure within thepressure measuring range is to be designated by the flashing of adigital output (e.g. for connecting a signal light). The flashing is torequire acknowledgement.


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The respective last limit pressure violation is to be logged by the time

stamp of the CPU. If no pressure violation has occurred since thestartup of the CPU, the time stamp of the startup is to be logged.

HMI requirements

The HMI is to be realized by a touch panel (screen diagonal 6 inches).

The following information is to be displayed:

Current pressure in the liquid (bar diagram and value),

violation of the limit pressures (minimum, maximum pressure,display by blinking tags),

date and time of the last limit pressure violation,

current pressure with regard to the user-defined pressure sub-areas(graphically by tags).

The following operations are to be possible:

Entering/changing the pressure sub-area limits

Acknowledging the limit pressure violations

Changing the language EnglishGerman

Stopping the runtime

Note The above-mentioned requirements are met by the application software

without need for additional programming overhead or enteringparameters in data blocks.


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2 Automation Solution


the solution selected for the automation problem.

2.1 Overview of the overall solution

Schematic layout

The following figure schematically shows the most important components ofthe solution:

Figure 2-1: Hardware overview of the automation solution


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Configuration

A SIMATIC CPU 314C-2 DP is the key element of the application. Thiscentral processing unit already includes the digital and analog inputs oroutputs required by the application. The current output of the measuringtransmitter is directly connected to the analog input integrated in the centralprocessing unit. The TP170A touch panel is connected to the MPI of thecontroller via a PROFIBUS cable. All components of the application aresupplied with 24V DC by the PS 307.

2.2 Description of the core functionality

2.2.1 Overview and description of the user interface

A TP 170A touch panel is used as HMI. The display/HMI is realized bythree screens:

Display Pressure (start screen)

Define Pressure Areas

Pressure Violations

The enable of the pressure detection and the acknowledgement of a limitpressure violation are performed via digital inputs.

In addition to the touch panel display, both the user-defined range in whichthe pressure is currently located and the pressure limit violations are

signaled by digital output bits.


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TP 170A Display Pressure screen (start screen)

Figure 2-2: Display Pressure (start screen)

Provided that the touch panel has already been loaded with the HMIsoftware created in WinCC flexible, the above start screen which at thesame time is to be considered as main screen is displayed when applyingthe supply voltage. The screen includes the following elements:

1. Display of the pressureThe pressure is displayed in as a value bar and as a bar chart (range016 bar). The current pressure is only calculated and displayed if thisis enabled via the I 0.0 input. If I 0.0 = 0, the last sensed pressure valueis displayed. Outside the measuring range (pressure 16 bar)the respective extreme values 0 bar or 16 bar are displayed.

2. Display and acknowledgement of the limit pressure violationsA limit pressure violation has occurred if the following limit valuesspecified in DB10 have been violated:

Below minimum pressureP_comp [1] (default value 0.5 bar)

Above maximum pressureP_comp [8] (default value 14 bar)

Falling below or exceeding a limit pressure is indicated by two blinkingtags below the bar chart ( ). If the pressure moves within thepermitted limits, the blinking tags are invisible. A limit pressure violationrequires acknowledgement. The corresponding blinking tag disappearsonly after the pressure has returned to the permitted range and the


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alarm has been reset with the Acknowledge button. The limit values

can be changed in the Define Pressure Areas screen.3. Screen call Last Pressure Violation

Use this button to go to the Pressure Violations screen. The timestamp of the last limit pressure violation is displayed separately forlower and upper limit value.

4. Screen call Define Pressure AreasUse this button to go to the Define Pressure Areas screen. You canspecify eight pressure values for process control or display purposes.

5. Changing the user interface languageUse this button to change between English and German. By default,

English is selected and the button shows German. If the user interfacelanguage is German, the button is designated with Englisch.

6. Stopping the runtimeUse the Stop Runtimebutton to stop the runtime in order to e.g. reloadthe touch panel.

TP 170A Define Pressure Areas screen

Figure 2-3: Define Pressure Areas

Use the Define Pressure Areas button in the Display Pressure screen togo to the Define Pressure Areasscreen. In this screen, you specifydiscrete pressure values you can use for process control or displaypurposes.


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1. Entry of the pressure values

If you have applied the example project, the values from Figure 2-3 arealready entered as comparison pressures. When selecting (touching)the respective I/O box silhouetted in gray, a numerical keyboard isdisplayed on the screen with which you can enter the desired value andapply it using the Enter key. All pressure values must be in themeasuring range 016 bar of the sensor. The input value is rounded totwo decimal places. Pressure 1 corresponds to the lowest, Pressure8 to the highest pressure that can be specified. When entering, it hasto be observed that the following applies:

Pressure n < pressure n+1 (n=17)

Falling below pressure 1 (minimum pressure) or

exceeding pressure 8 (maximum pressure) triggers the limit pressureviolation which requires acknowledgement.

2. Display of the current pressure rangeBetween which neighboring defined comparison pressures the currentpressure value is located is indicated by a tag ( ) to the right of thepressure input boxes.

3. Display of the limit pressure violationsThe pressure violations requiring acknowledgement are also displayedas blinking tags( ) in this screen, analogous to the Display Pressure screen.

Use the Back button located at the bottom of the display to return to theDisplay Pressure screen.


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TP 170A Pressure Violations screen

Figure 2-4: Pressure Violations

Use the Last Pressure Violation button in the Display Pressure screen togo to the Pressure Violationsscreen.

4. Display in the top frame

If the maximum pressure has not been exceeded since the lastrestart of the CPU, the time stamp of the last restart is displayed.

If a maximum pressure violation has been detected at least oncesince the last restart of the CPU, the time stamp of the last violationof the maximum pressure is displayed.

5. Display in the bottom frame

If the pressure has not fallen below the minimum pressure since thelast restart of the CPU, the time stamp of the last restart isdisplayed.

If a minimum pressure violation has been detected at least oncesince the last restart of the CPU, the time stamp of the last violationof the minimum pressure is displayed.

Use the Back button located at the bottom of the display to return to theDisplay Pressure screen.


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Digital input bits

Table 2-1: Digital input bits

Input Meaning Remark

I 0.0 Enable of the pressure detection(enabled = 1)

I 0.1Acknowledgement of a limit pressureviolation(acknowledgement = edge 01)

Identical to the Acknowledgebuttonin the Display Pressure screen

Digital output bits

Table 2-2: Digital output bits

Output Meaning Remark

Q 4.0Pressure measurement value betweenpressure 1 and 2




Q 4.4 Pressure measurement value betweenpressure 5 and 6



These output bits correspond to theposition of the indicator mark ( )in the Define Pressure Areasscreen on the touch panel.

Q 5.0

There is/was a limit pressure violation (belowminimum value or above maximum value). Theoutput flashes. The output is reset byacknowledging the limit pressure violation.

The function is identical to theblinking tags or

in the screens DisplayPressure and Define PressureAreas on the touch panel.

Q 5.1Below minimum pressure:The measured value is below pressure 1

Q 5.2Above maximum pressure:The measured value is above pressure 8

2.2.2 Sequence of the core functionality

The flowchart below illustrates the pressure detection core functionality.The sequence is realized in the FC12 function.


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Figure 2-5: Flowchart of the core functionality


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2.3 Required hardware and software components

The application was developed and tested with the following components.Please consider that configuration changes in the sample project arepossibly required in case of deviations from the listed components and thatscreen shots in this document can differ from your screen contents.

To realize the sample project, you additionally require:

PG or PC with corresponding communications processor (e.g. CP5512)and Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional orWindows XP Professional operating system.

An MPI cable.

Hardware components

Table 2-3: Hardware components

Component No. MLFB / Order number

Note

SIMATIC S7-300, RAILL=480MM

1 6ES7390-1AE80-0AA0 This is the shortest railavailable.

SIMATIC S7-300,LOADPOWER SUPP. PS 307,120/230 V AC, 24 V DC,2A

1 6ES7307-1BA00-0AA0 Or similar powersupply

SIMATIC S7-300,CPU 314C-2 DPCOMPACT

1 6ES7314-6CF02-0AB0 The compact versionwas only used becauseof the integratedDO/DI.

SIMATIC S7, MICROMEMORY CARD F. S7-300/C7/ET 200S IM151CPU, 3.3 V NFLASH, 64KBYTES

1 6ES7953-8LF11-0AA0 Or larger

SIMATIC S7-300,FRONTCONNECTOR 392 WITHSCREW CONTACTS, 40-PIN

2 6ES7392-1AM00-0AA0 Also available withspring-type terminals

SIMATIC TOUCH PANEL

TP170A BLUE MODESTN-DISPLAYMPI/PROFIBUS-DPINTERFACE

1 6AV6545-0BA15-2AX0 Configurable with

ProTool/Lite fromversion V5.2, SP1 andWinCC flexibleCompact from version2004


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Component No. MLFB / Order number

Note

SIMATIC NET, CONN.CABLE 830-2 F.PROFIBUS,PREASSEMBLED CABLEWITH 2 SUB-D-CONNECTORS 9-POLE,SWITCHABLETERMINATINGRESISTORS, 3 M

1 6XV1830-2AH30 2-wire shielded cablewith PROFIBUSconnectors forconnecting the TP170A to the CPU.For alternatives see/3/.

TRANSMITTER SITRANSP, Z SERIES, TWO-WIRESYSTEM PERM. MEDIUMTEMPERATURE -30 TO+120 DEG. CEL

ACCURACY CLASS 0.25ELECTRICCONNECTION PLUG

ACCORDING TO DIN43650 PRESSUREEQUIPMENT DIRECTIVEF. GAS 1/LIQUIDS 1 ART.3.3 SEP

1 MF1563-3CB00

Standard software components

Table 2-4: Standard software components

Component No. MLFB / Order number Note

SIMATIC S7, STEP7 V5.4,FLOATING LICENSE FOR 1USER, E-SW, SW ANDDOCU. ON CD, LICENSEKEY ON FD, CLASS A, 5LANGUAGES (G,E,F,I,S),EXECUTABLE UNDERWIN2000PROF/XPPROF,REFERENCE-HW: S7-300/400, C7

1 6ES7810-4CC08-0YA5 For orderinginformation, systemrequirements andcompatibility ofSTEP7 V5.4 pleaserefer to /4/.

The example projectrequires at leastSTEP7 V5.3.

1

WINCC FLEXIBLE 2005COMPACT ENGINEERING-SW,FLOATING LICENSE

LICENSE KEY ON FD SWAND DOCUMENTATIONON CD INGER/EN/IT/FR/SP, EXEC.UNDER WIN2000/XPPROFFOR CONFIGURATION OFSIMATIC PANELS UPTOSERIES 170

1 6AV6611-0AA01-1CA5 The TP170A requiresat least WinCC

flexible Compact.

1

The CPU listed in Table 2-3 requires at least STEP7 V5.2+SP1. The integration of WinCCflexible into STEP7 as realized in the example project requires STEP7 V5.3.

For pressure,measuring range 0 to 16 bar,overrange limit 50 bar

Output 420mA,two-wire connection,auxiliary power DC 1036V


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Example files and projects

The following list includes all files and projects used in this example.

Table 2-5: Example files and projects

Component Note

23642357_Druckmessung_V20.zip This zip file contains theSTEP7 project.

Note The visualization with the aid of a touch panel is integrated in the STEP7

project. The pressure detection functionality is also complied withwithout visualization.


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2.4 Performance data

Pressure transmitter

Table 2-6: Data of the SITRANS P Z series MF1563-3CB00 transmitter

Criterion Data / remark

Measuring

principle

Thin-film strain gauge

Measured variable Pressure

Input

Measuring range 016 bar (0232 psi)

Current output signal

Load

4 20 mA

(UB 10 V) / 0.02 A

Output

Characteristic Linear rising

Power

supply

Terminal voltage on transmitter DC 10 ... 36 V

Error in measurement (at 25 C(77 F), including conformityerror, hysteresis andrepeatability)

0.25% of full-scale value typical

Response time T99 < 0.1 s

Long-term drift

Start-of-scale value

Span

0.25 % of full-scale value/year

0.25 % of full-scale value/year

Ambient temperature effect

Start-of-scale value

Span

0.25%/10 K (0.25%/18 F) of full-

scale value0.25%/10 K (0.25%/18 F) of full-scale value

Vibration influence0.05%/g to 500 Hz in all directions (toIEC 68-2-64)

Accuracy

Power supply influence 0.01 %/V


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Criterion Data / remark

Ambient temperature -25 ... +85 C (-13 ... +185 F)

Storage temperature -50 ... +100 C (-58 ... +212 F)

Degree of protection (to EN 60529)

IP 65

Electromagnetic compatibility

Emitted interference

Noise immunity

To EN 61 326 and NAMUR NE 21

To EN 61 326 and NAMUR NE 21

Process temperature limits -30C ... +120C (-22F ... + 248F)Ratedoperating

conditions

Maximum working pressure 50 bar

Weight Approx. 0,25 kg (0,55 lb)Wetted parts materials

Measuring cell

Process connection

O-ring

AI2O3 - 96 %

Stainl. steel, mat. No. 1.4571/316Ti

Viton

Non-wetted parts materials

Housing

Plug connector

Stainl. steel, mat. No. 1.4571/316Ti

Plastic housing, to DIN 43 650,form A

Process connectionG

1/2A male thread

G1/8A female thread

Design

Electrical connection(to DIN 43 650)

Pg 9

Figure 2-6: Dimensions of the SITRANS P Z series MF1563-3CB00 transmitter


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Application software

Table 2-7: Performance data of the application software

Criterion Performance data Additional note

Program size

Project: 16.3 MB

Project (.zip) 3.10 MB

MMC: 2562 bytes

Main memory: 1234 bytes

Maximum cycle time 3msFor CPU accordingto Table 2-3

Pressure range 016 barAdjusted tomeasuring

transmitterRecovery delay afterrestart

10s

Pressure displayresolution on the touchpanel

2 decimal places Unit: bar

Number of HMI screens 3


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2.5 Alternative solution with Sonar-BERO

Aside from the hydrostatic pressure measurement, the pressure can alsobe measured using a Sonar-BERO if the task is a level measurement of aliquid. A corresponding application example is listed in /5/.

Advantage of the pressure transmitter

Due to the measuring principle, which does not as in the Sonar-BERO assume a sound reflection on a smooth surface, the hydrostatic pressuremeasurement for level measurement can also be used in case of foamformation and a swirled or unsteady liquid surface.

Advantages of the Sonar-BERO

The Sonar-BERO directly senses the distance to the liquid surface. Adensity fluctuation in the medium to be measured (due to temperaturechanges, mixing and dissolution processes), which has to be detected andincluded in the level calculation using hydrostatic pressure measurement, isnot relevant for the measurement with the ultrasonic sensor.

Since the Sonar-BERO does not require direct contact with the medium tobe measured, its use offers advantages when aggressive liquids areinvolved.


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Principles of Operation and Program Structures

General Functional Mechanisms


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Content

This part describes the detailed functional sequences of the involvedhardware and software components, the solution structures and whereuseful the specific implementation of this application.

It is only required to read this part if you are interested in details on thesolution components and their interaction.

3 General Functional Mechanisms


the general functional mechanisms which apply with regard to pressuremeasurements.

To provide also readers with little or no experience in handling pressuretransmitters with an introduction to the topic, some basic information onpressure measurement will be listed in the following.

3.1 Different types of pressure

When measuring pressures, different pressure types exist which will be

explained in greater detail in the following section.

Absolute pressure

Measuring instruments for absolute pressure measurement use theabsolute vacuum as reference value. The vacuum is the value zero.Consequently, the sign of the measured value is always positive.

During operation these measuring instrument display the atmospheric airpressure.

Relative pressure

Measuring instruments for relative pressure measurement use the ambientair as reference value. The present atmospheric pressure (1.033 barabs) isthe reference for zero.

The sign of the measured pressure value can be positive (pressure aboveatmospheric) or negative (low air pressure).

Differential pressure

Measuring instruments measuring differential pressure are equipped withtwo pressure ports. The pressure between the two ports is alwaysmeasured. Depending on the reference to the reference port, the sign canbe positive or negative.


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If one pressure port remains open to atmospheric air, the relative pressure

can also be measured.

3.2 Different measuring transmitters

Measuring transmitters are important hardware components for pressuremeasurement and mainly used for two tasks:

1. Recording the measuring variable pressure,

2. Output of an output signal for further processing.

The measuring transmitter includes sensors (measuring cells) which recordthe physical pressure.

Variety of types, differencesThe figure below shows a selection of SIEMENS measuring transmitters ofthe SITRANS P family.

Figure 3-1: Measuring transmitters SITRANS P family

A product overview is listed in /6/. For the online access to the completeSITRANS P family, please refer to /7/.

The measuring transmitters type of parameterization and its scope dependon the used device. In general, the device is parameterized via

buttons on the measuring transmitter,


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HART interface2,

PROFIBUS PA,

software

potentiometer,

plug-in jumper.

Particularly when using measuring transmitters with bus interface, thescope of the data to be read out or parameterized can be enormous(setpoint values, actual values, time stamp, error information, operatinghours, specification data).

Important requirements to be met by a measuring transmitter or distinctivefeatures between the individual measuring transmitters include:

Measured medium used (e.g. aggressive gases),

hygiene (foodstuff industry),

measuring spans (e.g. 25 to 250 mbar, 160 to 5000 mbar),

explosion protection yes/no.

Configuration

The individual devices use different methods for the transfer of the pressureto the sensor. The medium can e.g. press on a liquid (for instance siliconoil) via a separating diaphragm; the liquid transfers the pressure to ameasuring diaphragm in which the four piezo resistors are doped(SITRANS P, MK II series). When using another measuring transmitter(SITRANS P, Z series), the pressure acts directly on a ceramic diaphragmprovided with thin-film expansion measuring strips (EMS).

Mode of operation

The piezo resistors or expansion measuring strips in the measuringdiaphragm are mostly interconnected to form a Wheatstone measuringbridge. The pressure causes a change of the resistor values, which resultsin a bridge output voltage which is proportional to the input pressure. Thisoutput voltage is amplified with a measuring amplifier and, for example,converted into an output current (4 to 20 mA). This output current is then

the output variable of the measuring transmitter and provided to the user(as an equivalent to the measured pressure).

2 In the HART communication (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer), a digital signal is

modulated to the 420mA output of the measuring transmitter by means of which additionalmeasured, control and device data can be transferred. For more information, see /14/.


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Figure 3-2: Mode of operation of the measuring transmitter


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Explanations on the Example Program


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4 Explanations on the Example Program


how the measured value is transferred to the controller,

the structure of the STEP7 program,

the functions of the individual blocks and networks.

4.1 Measured-value processing

Reading in the measured value

The 420 mA signal of the measuring transmitter is fed to the analog inputAI 0 of the controller (connection see Table 6-1, Point 4). The integratedanalog-digital converter converts the analog signal into a digital peripheralinput word (PIW) which is accessed by the FC12 function. The electricalvariable to be converted and the PIW address in which the data value is tobe stored are parameterized in HW Config.


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Figure 4-1: HW Config

Figure 4-1 shows that the measuring range is set to 420mA and that theresult of the analog-digital conversion is transferred to PIW 752. Thesystem selection for the PIW address was not changed. The above settingsare part of the application example. You do not have to change anything inthe hardware configuration.

During the analog-digital conversion the selected measuring range (thus420mA) is mapped to a digital range of values 027648. For thepurpose of transparent programming this range of values is reconvertedinto a real numeric range 4.020.0 by means of the SCALE libraryfunction called in FC 12. This is the starting point for the pressurecalculation.


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Calculating the pressure

The dependency of the pressure on the injected current supplied by themeasuring transmitter can be represented as a straight line with positivegradient. Figure 4-2 illustrates this correlation.

Figure 4-2: Correlation measuring transmitter current displayed pressure

The following mathematical relationship derives from the graphic:

PM = (IM Imin) (Pmax Pmin) /

I + Pmin];

PM: Measured pressure (bar) [PARAMETERS.P]

IM: Output current of the measuring transmitter (mA) [# I]

Imin: Minimum current value (= 4mA)

Pmax: Upper limit of the measuring range (=16 bar)

Pmin: Lower limit of the measuring range (=0 bar)

I: Current range of the detection range (= 16mA)


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4.2 The structure of the STEP7 program

Figure 4-3: Structure of the STEP7 program

operatingsystem

The block architecture of the STEP7 operating system ensures thestructuredness of the program.


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Table 4-1: Used software blocks

Block Explanation

OB 1 Organization block (called by the operating system) for the cyclicprogram processing. After restart_delay_time has elapsed(seeexplanation on OB100), it calls the FC12 user function.

OB 100 Organization block (called by the operating system) which is runonce when restarting the CPU.

1. By setting the trigger_restart_delay flag, the block ensures thata delayed (10s) evaluation of the measuring transmitter signal isperformed after the restart. This prevents that the softwaredetects a non-existing pressure limit violation due to therecovery delay of the pressure transmitter when switching onthe supply voltage

3. The set trigger_restart_delay flag starts

the delay time restart_delay_timein OB1.

2. The block makes sure that the time stamp of the last restart isdisplayed in the corresponding boxes on the touch panel in thePressure Violations screen until a limit pressure is actuallyfallen below or exceeded.

FC 12 This user function block is the main program of the application. Thefollowing is realized in this block:

Evaluation of the measuring transmitter signal

Detecting, processing and acknowledging the pressure limitviolations

Detecting the current pressure ranges

Realizing the flashing indicators.A detailed description follows this table.

DB 10 User data and parameters

FC105 The Scaling Values (SCALE) library function from the standardlibrarys TI-S7 Converting Blocks folder converts an integer valueinto a real numerical value, which is scaled in physical unitsbetween a lower and an upper limit. See FC105 online help. In thisapplication, FC105 scales the read analog value corresponding tothe pressure.

SFC 1 System function (implemented in the CPU) for reading the CPUclock. See SFC1 online help.

SFC 20 System function (implemented in the CPU) for copying a memoryarea. In this application, SFC20 is used to transfer the restart timestamp from the start information of OB100 to DB10. See SFC20online help.

3 The recovery delay of the pressure transmitter used in this application is so small that it would

be possible not to use the pressure detection delay when simultaneously switching on thesupply voltage of measuring transmitter and controller.


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4.3 FC 12 (MAIN) in detail

The detailed description refers to the STEP7 project of which all symbolsand comments were created in English. To provide a clear reference to theprogram code, headings, variable names, etc. were not translated in thefollowing sections.

The color assignment of the networks corresponds to the one of theflowchart in Figure 2-5.

Table 4-2: Detailed description of FC 12

NW Explanation

1 Release

The processing of the block is released by a logic 1 at I 0.0.

2 Calculating the Pressure

The called SCALE (FC105) function converts the integer value 027648from PIW 752 corresponding to the measuring transmitter output currentinto a REAL variable 4.020.0 (local variable # I). From this variable thepressure PM is calculated according to the correlation

PM = (IM Imin) (Pmax-Pmin)/I + Pmin

For details, see chapter4.1.

3 Detect Limit Violation

The digital outputs (in QB 4) characterizing the current level range arecyclically reset and thus prepared for an update in the further course ofthe program. The level tags on the touch panel are also cleared.

If the current pressure (PARAMETERS.P) is below pressure 1(PARAMETERS.P_comp [1]), branching to the LOWjump label innetwork 5 is performed.

If the current pressure (PARAMETERS.P) is above pressure 8(PARAMETERS.P_comp [8]), branching to the HIGHjump label innetwork 5 is performed.

If the current pressure is in the permitted range between pressure 1

and pressure 8, the process is continued with the pressure rangedetection in network 4.

Pointers and address calculation are used for the addressing of pressures1 and 8.


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NW Explanation

4 Detect Range of the Actual Value

The indicator outputs Q 5.1 (Q_pressure_below_MIN) and Q 5.2(Q_pressure_above_MAX) for a limit value violation are resetunconditionally since a pressure range violation has already beennegated in network 3.

The range of the current pressure is detected. The current pressure(PARAMETERS.P) is successively compared with the 8 referencepressure values (PARAMETERS.P_comp [n]) until the current rangeis found. Corresponding to this range, the digital output Q 4.n (n =06) and the tag are set in the Define Pressure Areas HMIscreen. The 8 reference pressure values are addressed in a loop via

pointers and address calculation.

5 Processing Limit Violation

Branching to this network takes place if a limit pressure violation has beendetected in network 3.

If the pressure falls below a specified minimum pressure,

1. indicator output Q 5.1 (Q_pressure_below_MIN) is set.

2. the bit (ALARM_LOW_PRESSURE) corresponding to the relevantblinking tags is set.

3. the Last Restart display is changed to the Last Underrundisplayin the Pressure Violations touch panel screen

(no_low_press_violation2 is reset).4. SFC 1 (READ_CLK) is used to write the time stamp into DB 10 at

the instant the pressure falls below the limit pressure(PARAMETERS.timestamp_P_low) and the time stamp isdisplayed in the Pressure Violationstouch panel screen.

If the pressure is exceeds the specified maximum pressure,

1. indicator output Q 5.2 (Q_pressure_above_MAX) is set.

2. the bit (ALARM_HIGH_PRESSURE) corresponding to therelevant blinking tags is set.

3. the Last Restartdisplay is changed to the Last Overrundisplayin the Pressure Violationstouch panel screen(no_high_press_violation is reset).

4. SFC 1 (READ_CLK) is used to write the time stamp into DB 11 atthe instant the pressure exceeds the limit pressure(PARAMETERS.timestamp_P_high) and the time stamp isdisplayed in the Pressure Violationstouch panel screen.


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NW Explanation

6 Acknowledgement

A limit pressure violation which is indicated on the touch panel by theblinking tags xxxxxxx and on the controller by the flashing digitaloutput Q 5.0 must be acknowledged. The alarms disappear only when provided that the pressure has returned to the permitted range the alarmbits ALARM_LOW_PRESSUREorALARM_HIGH_PRESSUREare reset via the input I 0.1I_acknowledge.

Operating the Acknowledge button in the Display Pressuretouch panelscreen has the same function as in network 6.

7 Blinking of Alarm Display

The flashing function of the blinking tags and of outputQ 5.0 (Q_toggle_ALARM) is realized by an AND operation ofthecorresponding alarm bits with the 1Hz clock memory bit (M 0.5)

4

(blinkingn).

When a limit pressure violation occurs, the Q 5.0 output flashes upwardsor downwards.

4 The clock memory byte is activated and addressed in the CPU properties in HW Config.

To achieve a uniform flashing of the blinking marks on the touch panel, a transmission cycle of

100ms was defined in the WinCC flexible project for the blinking tags BLINK_ALARM_LOWand BLINK_ALARM_HIGH. The other variables are transmitted once per second.


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4.4 The variables on the touch panel

The figure below shows the correlation between the control data and theHMI screens.

Figure 4-4: Control data in the HMI screens


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Modifications to the Example Program


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5 Modifications to the Example Program


what you have to change in the program if you want to use a measuringtransmitter with a different pressure measuring range or with voltage outputinstead of current output.

5.1 Changing the pressure measuring range

The measuring transmitter type 7MF1563 is available in versions from0100 mbar to 0400 bar. Customer-specific special versions with a

different measuring range are also possible. To adapt the user software,you have to change the measuring range limits P_range_minandP_range_maxin DB10 and adapt the comparison values P_comp [n]to thenew conditions. Proceed as follows:

Table 5-1: Changing the pressure measuring range

Instruction

1. Open DB10 (PARAMETERS) in Data View.

2. Overwrite P_range_min(addr. 4.0) and P_range_max(addr. 8.0) with the newmeasuring range limits.

3. The new comparison values P_comp [n](addr.28.056.0) can either be input in theDefine Pressure AreasHMI screen or, as the measuring range limits, entereddirectly in the DB. We recommend the second option since it ensures that all databelonging together and concerning the measuring transmitter are stored offline in theDB.

4.Save the changes (e.g. with )

5.Load the DB to the CPU (e.g. with )

6. Restart the CPU so that the restart time stamps are updated in the PressureViolationsHMI screen. This is required since they were overwritten by loading theDB.

!Warning

In this application, initial values were deliberately not entered inDB10 since initial values cannot be assigned to array cells hereP_comp [n]. Consequently, do not initialize the DB. Otherwise youwould overwrite all actual values with 0.


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5.2 Measuring transmitter with voltage output

The measuring transmitter type 7MF1563 is also available with voltageoutput (010V) instead of current output (420mA). To adapt the usersoftware, the measuring transmitter connection, HW Config and the STEP7code have to be changed.

Change on the measuring transmitter connection

The connection of the measuring transmitter deviates from the figure instep 4 ofTable 6-1 and is performed as shown below:

Figure 5-1: Connection of the measuring transmitter with voltage output

Do not connect the shielding to the device ground.

Change in HW Config

The parameterization of the analog input deviates from Figure 4-1 and isperformed as shown in the screen shot below.


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Figure 5-2: Configuration of the voltage input

Change in the STEP7 code

If the measuring transmitter supplies a voltage of 010V as output

variable, the following applies analogously to the mathematical relationshipin chapter4.1:

PM = UM (Pmax Pmin) / U + Pmin;

PM: Measured pressure (bar) [PARAMETERS.P]

UM: Output voltage of the measuring transmitter (mA) [[# U]

Pmax: Upper limit of the measuring range (=16 bar)

Pmin: Lower limit of the measuring range (=0 bar)

U: Voltage range of the detection range (= 10 V)

To realize the above correlation, change network 2 of FC12 as shown inthe figure below.


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Figure 5-3: Code change for measuring transmitter with voltage output in FC12


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Structure, Configuration and Operation of the Application

Installation and Startup


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Structure, Configuration and Operation of theApplication

Content

This part takes you step by step through structure, important configurationsteps, startup and operation of the application.

6 Installation and Startup


how to install hardware and software, which parameterizations and settingshave to be performed and which steps are necessary to start up theexample.

The descriptions and manuals as well as delivery information included inthe delivery of the respective products have to be observed in any case.

6.1 Installation of hardware and software

Hardware configuration and wiring

For the hardware components, please refer to Table 2-3. All components

can be supplied with 24V DC via the PS307 load power supply. For thehardware configuration, follow the instructions listed in the table below.

Table 6-1: Configuration of the hardware

No. Instruction

1. On the DIN rail arrange the following hardware components from the left to the rightand screw them down:

Power supply (PS), CPU 314C-2 DP;

2. Screw the front connectors into the two slots.

3. Wire CPU and power supply unit.


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No. Instruction

4. Connect the measuring transmitter to the analog input AI 0 (left front connector) ofthe CPU. The pin assignment on the controller is printed on the inside of the cover.

Connection cable:

Max. cable cross-sectional area 2.5mm2;

outer diameter 4.57 mm;

install separately from cables with voltages >60 V;

use cable with twisted pair of cable;

use a shielded cable;

Insert the cable at the plug of the measuring transmitter via cable gland Pg 9.Ground the shield of the cable only at one location. The grounding is connected to

the housing of the measuring transmitter.Operating instructions for the measuring transmitter are listed in /8/.

5. Wire the power supply (L+, M) for the used DI/DO part of the CPU (right frontconnector). The pin assignment is printed on the inside of the cover.

6. Connect input I 0.0 (release) to L+ if necessary, use a switch.

7. Connect input I 0.1 (acknowledgement) to L+ via a button.

8. Wire the power supply of the TP170A.

9. Use the Profibus cable to connect the MPI of the S7-CPU to the IF1B interface ofthe TP170A.

On the CPU use a connector with PG socket to enable the additional connection ofyour development system (PG, PC). The cable listed in Table 2-3 meets thisrequirement.

10. Set the DIP switches on the rear of the TP170A to DP/MPI mode.

11. Connect the MPI of the CPU to the MPI of your PG/PC.

Plug the MPI cable on the CPU leading to the PG/PC in the PG socket of thePROFIBUS connector.

Note Further information on setting up an S7-300 automation system isavailable in /9/.


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Installation of the standard software

It is required that the software specified in Table 2-4 is installed on yourPG/PC. If you use a PC or notebook as development system, it is requiredthat it is equipped with a communications processor (e.g. CP5512 PC cardfor notebooks).

6.2 Loading the application software

Prerequisite:

1. The hardware installation is completed.

2. All components are supplied with voltage.

3. The CPU is switched to STOP with the mode switch.

Loading the application software to the CPU

Table 6-2: Loading the application software to the CPU

No. Instruction Comment

1. Set the PG/PC interface.In the control panel of yourdevelopment system, open theSet PG/PC Interface dialog box.

If the interface has already been set, continuewith point 5.

2. Select the following settings:

Access Point of the Application:S7ONLINE (STEP7) CPxxxx(MPI)

Interface Parameter AssignmentUsed:CPxxxx(MPI)

The CP type depends on thedevelopment system used.

If the above access point is notincluded in the list box, create it viathe entry(also in the Access Point of theApplication list box).

Then click the Properties button.


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3. Enter the MPI address of thedevelopment system (in thisapplication the address 0) and theother bus parameters as shown inthe figure on the right.

Quit the dialog box with "OK".

4. Click OKto close the Set PG/PC Interface window and exit the control panel.

5. Open the SIMATIC Manager.

6. Extract the project:

1. Select the project"23642357_Druckmessung_V20.zip" via the File > Retrievemenu.

2. Select a target directory for theextracted project folder.

3. After extracting, you are asked inthe SIMATIC Manager whetheryou want to open the project.Answer with Yes.

The figure on the right shows theextracted project.

7. Select the SIMATIC station and loadthe project to the S7-CPU via thePLC -> Download menu or thecorresponding button.


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Loading the application software to the panel

Table 6-3: Loading the application software to the panel


1. Make sure that the transfer settingson the TP170A are correct. Click theConfig button in its start menu todisplay the Transfer Settingsscreen form. Make the settings asshown in the screen shot on the rightand close the dialog box with OK.

2. In the start menu of the panel towhich you have now returned clickthe Transfer button.

You get to the transfer mode of the panel.

3. In the development system, open theWinCC flexible project Pressureviathe context menu (right mousebutton) as shown on the right.

4. Select Project > Transfer > TransferSettingsor click the correspondingbutton.


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5. Make the settings as shown in the screen shot below.

Click Transfer to start the data transfer.Answer the question Do you want to overwrite the existing password list on thedevice? (at least) when transferring your configuration for the first time with Yes.

After the end of the transfer, the touch panel switches to the start screen defined inWinCC flexible (Figure 2-2).

Note The above table of steps describes the loading of the TP170A via MPI.However, the configuration can also be transferred to the panel serially.

For more information please refer to /10/ and /11/.

6.3 Startup

Prerequisite:

1. The hardware and software installation as described in chapters 6.1and 6.2 is completed.

2. The actual pressure is in the permitted range (0.5...14 bar).

3. The pressure detection is enabled (I 0.0 = 1).

Note You can simulate the pressure on the measuring transmitter by insertinga blunt object, e.g. a match, into the measurement aperture.


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Table 6-4: Startup of the application

No. Instruction Reaction

1. Switch

2. on the supply voltage

3. the CPU to RUN.

After a delay of 10 s the touch panel displaysthe screen shown below. The pressure display(value and bars) corresponds to the currentconditions.

2. Use the Last Pressure Violationbutton to change to thecorresponding screen.

The time stamp of the last restart is displayedin both the top and the bottom part of thescreen.


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3. 4. Use the Backbutton to returnto the pressure display.

5. Use the Define Pressure Areasbutton to change to thecorresponding screen.

The level tag is located in the section of thecurrent pressure.

4. Change the actual pressure:

0.5 bar < actual pressure


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5. Reduce the actual pressure to< 0.5 bar.

The following screen contents are displayed:


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6. Increase the actual pressure to> 14 bar.

The following screen contents are displayed:

7. Return the pressure to the permittedrange and use the Acknowledgebutton in the Display Pressurescreen to acknowledge the pressureviolation.

The blinking tags in the Display PressureandDefine Pressure Areasscreens disappear.The content of the Pressure Violations screenremains unchanged.


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8. Select the Define Pressure Areasscreen and change, for example,pressure 4 to 7 bar by touching thecorresponding I/O field.

A keyboard is shown for the input of the values.

Terminate the input with .

9. Vary the pressure in the range from48 bar.

The pressure display (level tag in the DefinePressure Areasscreen) corresponds to thechanged pressure range limit.


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Appendix and Literature

Literature


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7 Literature

7.1 References on hardware and software of this application

This list includes documents/entries referred to in this application.

Table 7-1: References on hardware and software of this application

Title

/1/ Siemens A&D Customer Support

http://www.ad.siemens.de/support/2/ Reference to this entry

http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/23642357

/3/ FAQ 1070096Which connectors and cables do I need to connect an OP/PG to an S7controller? Is there a standard cable?


/4/ FAQ 22445076Information on STEP7 V5.4


/5/ Application

Range and Level Measurement in the S7-CPU using a Sonar BERO,Entry ID 23509834http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/23509834

/6/ Product overview SITRANS P measuring instruments

https://pia.khe.siemens.com/efiles/feldg/files/kataloge/fi01_ge_kap/kap02_fi01ge.pdf

/7/ All about SITRANS Phttps://pia.khe.siemens.com/index.asp?Nr=2113

/8/ Operating Instructions for SITRANS P, Z series


/9/ Operating InstructionsS7-300, CPU 31xC and CPU 31x: Installation


/10/ Operating InstructionsTP 170micro, TP 170A, TP 170B, OP 170B (WinCC flexible)


/11/ Users manualWinCC flexible 2005 Compact / Standard / Advanced

http://www.ad.siemens.de/supporthttp://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/23642357http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/1070096http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/22445076http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/23509834https://pia.khe.siemens.com/efiles/feldg/files/kataloge/fi01_ge_kap/kap02_fi01ge.pdfhttps://pia.khe.siemens.com/efiles/feldg/files/kataloge/fi01_ge_kap/kap02_fi01ge.pdfhttps://pia.khe.siemens.com/index.asp?Nr=2113http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/7353712http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/13008499http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/19082123http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/18796010http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/18796010http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/19082123http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/13008499http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/7353712https://pia.khe.siemens.com/index.asp?Nr=2113https://pia.khe.siemens.com/efiles/feldg/files/kataloge/fi01_ge_kap/kap02_fi01ge.pdfhttps://pia.khe.siemens.com/efiles/feldg/files/kataloge/fi01_ge_kap/kap02_fi01ge.pdfhttp://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/23509834http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/22445076http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/1070096http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/23642357http://www.ad.siemens.de/support


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7.2 Further literature

This list is by no means complete and only provides a selection ofappropriate sources.

Table 7-2: Further literature

Title

/12/ Hans Berger

Automating with STEP7 in STL and SCL

Publicis Corporate Publishing ISBN 3-89578-242-4

Book presentation:

http://books.publicis-erlangen.de/de/produkte/techinhan/auto/index.cfm?bookid=5816

/13/ Elmar Schrfer

Elektrische Messtechnik [Electrical Measurement Techniques]

HANSER technical book 2004

Fachbuchverlag Leipzig ISBN 3-44621-809-2

/14/ Documentation Das HART-Protokoll [The HART Protocol]

Schppi Urs

Berne University of Applied Sciences, Engineering and InformationTechnology

https://prof.hti.bfh.ch/uploads/media/HART.pdf
http://books.publicis-erlangen.de/de/produkte/techinhan/auto/index.cfm?bookid=5816http://books.publicis-erlangen.de/de/produkte/techinhan/auto/index.cfm?bookid=5816https://prof.hti.bfh.ch/uploads/media/HART.pdfhttps://prof.hti.bfh.ch/uploads/media/HART.pdfhttp://books.publicis-erlangen.de/de/produkte/techinhan/auto/index.cfm?bookid=5816http://books.publicis-erlangen.de/de/produkte/techinhan/auto/index.cfm?bookid=5816


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8 History

Table 8-1: History

Version Date Modification

V1.0 12/12/02 First edition

V2.0 07/14/06 Complete revision

23642357 Druckmessung DOKU V20 e

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