3462 kapX 171-191 - ccbuchner.de · 190 STICHWORTVERZEICHNIS N Nagellackentferner.....124, 125...
1
190 STICHWORTVERZEICHNIS N Nagellackentferner.............................................124, 125 Nährstoff .......................................................146, 147, 154 Natriumhydroxid ..........................................................35 Natronlauge ..................................34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 55 neutrale Lösung .............................................................37 Neutralisation ..................................................38, 39, 43 Neutralpunkt .................................................................39 Nichtmetalloxide ..........................................................42 Nobelpreis ................................................................87, 94 Nomenklatur ............................................................74, 81 Normalbutan .................................................................80 Normalheptan ................................................................81 Nucleophil ......................................................................127 nucleophile Addition ..................................................127 O Octan ..........................................................................80, 81 Octanzahl ..................................................................80, 81 Öl, pflanzliches.............................................................144 Öllampe............................................................................79 Ölsäure ............................................................................145 Orbital.......................................................................8, 9, 15 Orbitalmodell ...................................................................8 organische Chemie...............................................68, 69 organische Säure.........................................................136 organische Verbindung..............................................69 Ottomotor ........................................................................81 Oxidation.................49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 121, 123, 124 Oxidationsmittel ....................................................49, 55 Oxidationszahl ............................................50, 51, 52, 53 Oxid .............................................................................35, 42 Oxid-Ion............................................................................35 Oxonium-Ion ........................................27, 28, 29, 37, 55 Ozon ...........................................................................86, 87 Ozonloch..........................................................................86 Ozon-Molekül..........................................................86, 87 Ozonschicht .............................................................86, 87 P Paracelsus ......................................................................77 Paraffin ................................................................75, 78, 79 Paraffinöl...................................................................78, 79 Paraffinwachs..........................................................78, 79 Pasteur, Louis ..............................................................132 PEM-Brennstoffzelle .............................................60, 61 Peptidbindung ..............................................................157 Peptid-Gruppe...............................................................157 Pflanzenhormon ...........................................................89 Phlogiston .......................................................................62 Phlogistontheorie .........................................................62 pH-neutral ................................................................36, 37 pH-Skala ...........................................................................37 pH-Wert .....................................................................36, 37 Pluspol ..............................................................................59 Polyethen ...................................................88, 89, 94, 95 Polyethylen .....................................................................95 Polymer .....................................................................94, 95 Polymerisation...............................................................95 Polypeptid.......................................................................157 Polypeptidkette ............................................................157 Polypeptid-Molekül .....................................................157 Polysaccharid ........................................................130, 131 Polytetrafluorethen .....................................................95 Polyvinylchlorid .............................................................95 Pressspanplatten ........................................................120 primärer Alkohol ..........................................117, 123, 124 Propan.........................................................................72, 73 Propanal .........................................................................126 Propanol ..........................................................................117 Propan-1-ol ......................................................................117 Propan-2-ol .....................................................116, 117, 125 Propan-1,2,3-triol ..........................................................119 Propan-Molekül .......................................................74, 75 Propanon................................................................125, 126 Propansäure..................................................................136 Protein.............................................................154, 156, 157 Protolyse .............26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 43, 64 Proton .........................................................................27, 37 Protonenakzeptor .....................................33, 37, 42, 43 Protonendonator .........................29, 31, 33, 37, 42, 43 Protonenübergang..........................................27, 33, 43 Pyrolyse ...........................................................................114 R radikalische Substitution ...........................................87 Raffinerien.......................................................................97 Ranzigwerden...............................................................147 räumliche Struktur .......................................................74 Reaktion, neutrale ........................................................39 Reaktionsfähigkeit, Alkane .................................82, 83 Reaktionsgleichung......................................................53 Reaktionskette ...............................................................87 Reaktionsmechanismus ...........................................104 Reaktionspfeil ...............................................................141 reaktionsträge ...............................................................83 Redoxgleichung.............................................................56 Redoxreaktion .................48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 61, 64, 135, 160 Reduktion ........................................49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59 Reduktionsmittel....................................................49, 55 Reifegas ....................................................................88, 89 Reifeprozess ...................................................................88 Reservestoff ...................................................................131 reversible Reaktion .............................................140, 141 Rindermagen ...................................................................71 Ringstruktur ..................................................................129 Rohöl ...........................................................96, 97, 98, 99 Rohrreiniger ....................................................................34 S Saccharid ........................................................................128 Saccharose.....................................................................128 Salpetersäure .................................................................42 Salz...............................................................................14, 42 Salzsäure ..................................10, 26, 27, 28, 39, 41, 42 Sauerstoff ...............14, 49, 61, 62, 83, 86, 93, 121, 129 Sauerstoff-Atom...........................................................69 Sauerstoff-Molekül .......................................................51 saure Lösungen .............................................................29 saure Reaktion ...............................................................29 Säure ..............................................30, 33, 37, 42, 43, 135 Säure, zweiprotonige ..................................................29 Säure-Base-Reaktion ...................................39, 43, 160 Säure-Base-Titration .............................................40, 41 Säure-Lösung ...........................................................29, 57 Schiff-Probe .................................................................128 Schiff-Reagenz ....................................................120, 121 Schmelzbereich ............................................................145 Schmelztemperatur ..........................................14, 77, 71 Schnee................................................................................17 schwach saure Reaktion..............................................31 Schwefelsäure..........................................28, 29, 42, 123 Schwefelsäure-Lösung................................................29 Seitenkette .....................................................................155 sekundärer Alkohol ...............................................11, 124 Siedetemperatur ................................14, 77, 80, 91, 125 Siedetemperaturerhöhung..................................18, 19 T Titration ...........................................................................43 Titrationsvorrichtung..................................................40 Traubenzucker ............................................109, 128, 129 Treibstoff .................................................................98, 99 Treibhaus .......................................................................102 Treibhaus, Erde ............................................................103 Treibhauseffekt...................................................102, 103 Treibhauseffekt, anthropogener ...........................103 Treibhauseffekt, natürlicher ...................................103 Treibhausgas ................................................................103 Trichlormethan .............................................................84 Triglycerid ......................................................................145 Trinkalkohol ...................................................................114 Trinkwasser...............................................................20, 21 Trinkwassergewinnung...............................................21 Trinkwasserversorgung...............................................21 U Umkehrosmose ...........................................................109 ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoff ...........................91 UN-Klimakonferenz .....................................................86 unpolar...............................................................................11 unverzweigt ...................................................................80 unverzweigtes Molekül ..............................................80 unvollständige Reaktion............................................141 UV-Strahlung .................................................................86 V Valenzelektronenpaar-Abstoßungs-Modell.........13 Valenzelektronenpaar..................................................13 Valenzstrichformel ..................................................12, 13 Van-der-Waals-Kräfte.................. 14, 15, 16, 22, 77, 91 Verbrennung ..................................51, 53, 62, 71, 83, 93 Verchromen ....................................................................59 Veredelungsverfahren................................................98 Veresterung .........................................139, 140, 141, 144 Verkettungsreaktion ...................................................95 verkürzte Strukturformel .....................................74, 75 Versuchsprotokoll........................................................161 verzweigt.........................................................................80 verzweigtes Molekül ...................................................80 Vielfachzucker ..............................................................130 Viskosität.........................................................................99 Volta, Alessandro ......................................................63 Voltasche Säule............................................................63 Volumenanteil ..............................................................113 W Wachs..............................................................................143 Wärme ......................................................................61, 102 Wärmestrahlung.........................................................102 Wasser ........16, 17, 20, 61, 69, 71, 83, 111, 112, 129, 140 Wasserbedarf ..................................................................21 Wasserkreislauf.............................................................20 Wasser-Molekül..................12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 28, 37 Wasserstoff ................................................................11, 61 Wasserstoff-Atom ..............................................8, 9, 69 Wasserstoffbromid ......................................................83 Wasserstoffbrücken ...........................16, 17, 22, 77, 113 Wasserstoffchlorid..............................10, 11, 26, 27, 29 Wasserstoffchlorid-Molekül ................................11, 28 Wasserstofffluorid ........................................................17 Wasserstoff-Ion .............................................................27 Wasserstoff-Molekül ...............................................9, 10 Wasserstoff-Sauerstoff-Brennstoffzelle........60, 61 Wasserstoffselenid .......................................................16 Wasserstoffsulfid ..........................................................16 Wasserstofftellurid.......................................................16 Wasserstoffverbindung..............................................42 wässrige Lösung............................................................56 Wein ...............................................108, 109, 112, 132, 133 Wöhler, Friedrich.......................................................68 Z Zahnpasta.......................................................................118 zeitlicher Verlauf ..........................................................141 Zersetzungsreaktionen .............................................147 Zigarette.........................................................................120 Zigarettenrauch...........................................................120 Zink ....................................................................................59 Zink-Atom........................................................................59 Zink-Ion ............................................................................59 Zinksulfat-Lösung.........................................................59 Z-Isomer .................................................................144, 145 Zucker..............................................................................128 Zuckerrohr .....................................................................109 zweiwertiger Alkohol .................................................119 zwischenmolekulare Kräfte.......................................22 Zwitterion.......................................................................155
Transcript of 3462 kapX 171-191 - ccbuchner.de · 190 STICHWORTVERZEICHNIS N Nagellackentferner.....124, 125...
190ST
ICH
WO
RTVE
RZEI
CHN
ISNNagellackentferner.............................................124, 125Nährstoff .......................................................146, 147, 154Natriumhydroxid ..........................................................35Natronlauge ..................................34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 55neutrale Lösung.............................................................37Neutralisation..................................................38, 39, 43Neutralpunkt .................................................................39Nichtmetalloxide ..........................................................42Nobelpreis ................................................................87, 94Nomenklatur ............................................................74, 81Normalbutan .................................................................80Normalheptan ................................................................81Nucleophil ......................................................................127nucleophile Addition ..................................................127
OOctan ..........................................................................80, 81Octanzahl..................................................................80, 81Öl, pflanzliches.............................................................144Öllampe............................................................................79Ölsäure............................................................................145Orbital.......................................................................8, 9, 15Orbitalmodell ...................................................................8organische Chemie...............................................68, 69organische Säure.........................................................136organische Verbindung..............................................69Ottomotor........................................................................81Oxidation.................49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 121, 123, 124Oxidationsmittel ....................................................49, 55Oxidationszahl ............................................50, 51, 52, 53Oxid.............................................................................35, 42Oxid-Ion............................................................................35Oxonium-Ion........................................27, 28, 29, 37, 55Ozon ...........................................................................86, 87Ozonloch..........................................................................86Ozon-Molekül..........................................................86, 87Ozonschicht .............................................................86, 87
PParacelsus ......................................................................77Paraffin ................................................................75, 78, 79Paraffinöl...................................................................78, 79Paraffinwachs..........................................................78, 79Pasteur, Louis ..............................................................132PEM-Brennstoffzelle .............................................60, 61Peptidbindung ..............................................................157Peptid-Gruppe...............................................................157Pflanzenhormon ...........................................................89Phlogiston .......................................................................62Phlogistontheorie.........................................................62pH-neutral ................................................................36, 37pH-Skala ...........................................................................37pH-Wert.....................................................................36, 37Pluspol ..............................................................................59Polyethen ...................................................88, 89, 94, 95Polyethylen .....................................................................95Polymer .....................................................................94, 95Polymerisation...............................................................95Polypeptid.......................................................................157Polypeptidkette ............................................................157Polypeptid-Molekül.....................................................157Polysaccharid ........................................................130, 131Polytetrafluorethen .....................................................95Polyvinylchlorid .............................................................95Pressspanplatten ........................................................120primärer Alkohol ..........................................117, 123, 124Propan.........................................................................72, 73Propanal .........................................................................126Propanol ..........................................................................117Propan-1-ol......................................................................117Propan-2-ol .....................................................116, 117, 125Propan-1,2,3-triol ..........................................................119Propan-Molekül.......................................................74, 75Propanon................................................................125, 126Propansäure..................................................................136Protein.............................................................154, 156, 157Protolyse .............26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 43, 64
Proton .........................................................................27, 37Protonenakzeptor.....................................33, 37, 42, 43Protonendonator .........................29, 31, 33, 37, 42, 43Protonenübergang..........................................27, 33, 43Pyrolyse ...........................................................................114
Rradikalische Substitution ...........................................87Raffinerien.......................................................................97Ranzigwerden...............................................................147räumliche Struktur .......................................................74Reaktion, neutrale ........................................................39Reaktionsfähigkeit, Alkane.................................82, 83Reaktionsgleichung......................................................53Reaktionskette ...............................................................87Reaktionsmechanismus ...........................................104Reaktionspfeil ...............................................................141reaktionsträge ...............................................................83Redoxgleichung.............................................................56Redoxreaktion .................48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 59, 61, 64, 135, 160Reduktion ........................................49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59Reduktionsmittel....................................................49, 55Reifegas ....................................................................88, 89Reifeprozess ...................................................................88Reservestoff ...................................................................131reversible Reaktion .............................................140, 141Rindermagen...................................................................71Ringstruktur..................................................................129Rohöl ...........................................................96, 97, 98, 99Rohrreiniger....................................................................34
SSaccharid........................................................................128Saccharose.....................................................................128Salpetersäure .................................................................42Salz...............................................................................14, 42Salzsäure ..................................10, 26, 27, 28, 39, 41, 42Sauerstoff ...............14, 49, 61, 62, 83, 86, 93, 121, 129Sauerstoff-Atom...........................................................69Sauerstoff-Molekül .......................................................51saure Lösungen .............................................................29saure Reaktion ...............................................................29Säure ..............................................30, 33, 37, 42, 43, 135Säure, zweiprotonige ..................................................29Säure-Base-Reaktion ...................................39, 43, 160Säure-Base-Titration .............................................40, 41Säure-Lösung ...........................................................29, 57Schiff-Probe .................................................................128Schiff-Reagenz ....................................................120, 121Schmelzbereich............................................................145Schmelztemperatur..........................................14, 77, 71Schnee................................................................................17schwach saure Reaktion..............................................31Schwefelsäure..........................................28, 29, 42, 123Schwefelsäure-Lösung................................................29Seitenkette.....................................................................155sekundärer Alkohol ...............................................11, 124Siedetemperatur................................14, 77, 80, 91, 125Siedetemperaturerhöhung..................................18, 19
TTitration ...........................................................................43Titrationsvorrichtung..................................................40Traubenzucker............................................109, 128, 129Treibstoff .................................................................98, 99Treibhaus .......................................................................102Treibhaus, Erde ............................................................103Treibhauseffekt...................................................102, 103Treibhauseffekt, anthropogener ...........................103Treibhauseffekt, natürlicher ...................................103Treibhausgas ................................................................103Trichlormethan .............................................................84Triglycerid ......................................................................145Trinkalkohol ...................................................................114Trinkwasser...............................................................20, 21Trinkwassergewinnung...............................................21Trinkwasserversorgung...............................................21
UUmkehrosmose ...........................................................109ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoff ...........................91UN-Klimakonferenz.....................................................86unpolar...............................................................................11unverzweigt ...................................................................80unverzweigtes Molekül..............................................80unvollständige Reaktion............................................141UV-Strahlung .................................................................86
VValenzelektronenpaar-Abstoßungs-Modell.........13Valenzelektronenpaar..................................................13Valenzstrichformel..................................................12, 13Van-der-Waals-Kräfte.................. 14, 15, 16, 22, 77, 91Verbrennung ..................................51, 53, 62, 71, 83, 93Verchromen ....................................................................59Veredelungsverfahren................................................98Veresterung .........................................139, 140, 141, 144Verkettungsreaktion ...................................................95verkürzte Strukturformel .....................................74, 75Versuchsprotokoll........................................................161verzweigt.........................................................................80verzweigtes Molekül ...................................................80Vielfachzucker..............................................................130Viskosität.........................................................................99Volta, Alessandro ......................................................63Voltasche Säule............................................................63Volumenanteil ..............................................................113
WWachs..............................................................................143Wärme......................................................................61, 102Wärmestrahlung.........................................................102Wasser........16, 17, 20, 61, 69, 71, 83, 111, 112, 129, 140Wasserbedarf..................................................................21Wasserkreislauf.............................................................20Wasser-Molekül..................12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 28, 37Wasserstoff ................................................................11, 61Wasserstoff-Atom ..............................................8, 9, 69Wasserstoffbromid ......................................................83Wasserstoffbrücken...........................16, 17, 22, 77, 113Wasserstoffchlorid..............................10, 11, 26, 27, 29Wasserstoffchlorid-Molekül ................................11, 28Wasserstofffluorid ........................................................17Wasserstoff-Ion .............................................................27Wasserstoff-Molekül...............................................9, 10Wasserstoff-Sauerstoff-Brennstoffzelle........60, 61Wasserstoffselenid.......................................................16Wasserstoffsulfid ..........................................................16Wasserstofftellurid.......................................................16Wasserstoffverbindung..............................................42wässrige Lösung............................................................56Wein ...............................................108, 109, 112, 132, 133Wöhler, Friedrich.......................................................68
ZZahnpasta.......................................................................118zeitlicher Verlauf..........................................................141Zersetzungsreaktionen .............................................147Zigarette.........................................................................120Zigarettenrauch...........................................................120Zink ....................................................................................59Zink-Atom........................................................................59Zink-Ion ............................................................................59Zinksulfat-Lösung.........................................................59Z-Isomer .................................................................144, 145Zucker..............................................................................128Zuckerrohr.....................................................................109zweiwertiger Alkohol .................................................119zwischenmolekulare Kräfte.......................................22Zwitterion.......................................................................155
3462_kapX_171-191 05.04.13 10:15 Seite 190
