Außenliegende Wand- und Lufttemperierung „LowEx-Anwendung ...

LEXU II„Low Exergy Wall & Air Tempering for Building Refurbishment“

TRNSYS Experience Seminar 2018

M.Eng. Christoph Schmidt, IZES gGmbH, Saarbrücken

External doctoral student at the University of Luxembourg

Belval (Luxembourg) 20.04.2018

1

LEXU II:

Motivation, contents und work packages

Research project LEXU IIExternal wall tempering

TRNSYS Experience Seminar, Belval (LUX), 20.04.2018, Christoph Schmidt, IZES gGmbH

2

LEXU II:

Research project LEXU IIExternal wall tempering



Outlying/external wall tempering (aWT): special case of TABS

3

LEXU II:

Existing wallU-value > 1 W/m²K

Insid

e

Acitve

Layer

insulation

Ou

tsid

e

1) Installation of panelheating/tempering „from the outside“

2) Installation of an ETICS (WDVS)

Position of the panel heating:

Inside of the thermal envelope of thebuilding, outside of the existing wall, in front of the ETICS

Panel heating for existing buildings & thermal acitvation for the existing buildingstructure


Details:„Außenliegende Wandtemperierung“ – LowEx-Anwendung zur Temperierung von Bestandsgebäuden und thermischen Aktivierung der

Bestandswand: Theoretische Grundlagen und Kennwerte; Schmidt, C., Altgeld, Luther, Maas, Scholzen.; in Bauphysik 39 (2017), Heft 4, S.215-223

Advantages and disadvantages of the aWT

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LEXU II:

Advantages:

Thermal bridges / building damages

Heating and cooling possible

Increase of the inner surfacetemperature thermal comfort

Usage of very low fluid temperatures LowEx

Thermal acitvation of the existingbuilding structure storage

Refurbishmant „from the outside“(without impairment for theinhabitants) minimally invasive

Disadvantages:

Additional heat losses Efficiency of the aWT

Slow heating system.

Focus: control strategies

„base load heating“

„New“ on-site build system:

„new“ and many interfaces

„new“ and many sources of error


5

LEXU II:

Research project LEXU IIExternal air tempering



6

LEXU II:

Motivation, contents and work packages


Research project LEXU IIExternal air tempering

3

InsideOutside

External air tempering (aLT)

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LEXU II:

1) Existing wall

2) Active Layer

3) Air Gap

4) ETICS

5) Air inlet (hatch/filter)

6) Air outlet (hatch/filter)

7) Fan (Rohreinschub-)

Fresh air

Supply air


1234

5

6

7

External air tempering (aLT)

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LEXU II:

Exemplary comparison aWT – aLT (referred to 20°C room temperature):

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Heat

flux

[W/m

²]

Heating overtemperature [K]

Qi_aLH Qi_aWH Qa_aLH Qa_aWH Qw_aLH Qw_aWH

Results generated with TRNSYS 17TRNSYS Experience Seminar, Belval (LUX), 20.04.2018, Christoph Schmidt, IZES gGmbH

QL

Energetic advantages:- The aLT (air) is like an additional heat transfersurface within the wall structure

- The efficiency can be increased by reducing thelosses over the thermal insulation layer

- The importance of ventilation increases by anenergetic refurbishment (higher tightness of thethermal envelope). By an combination of aWT &aLT the heat load can be complete covered

Positive control effects:The slow adjustable aWT will be ideally orperfectly complemented by the quicklyadjustable aLT.

Base Load + Peak Load possible.

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LEXU II:


Modeling of the aLT in TRNSYS

Energetic examination and futher simulations

(fluid dynamics simulation in ANSYS)

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LEXU II:


3

Room

Out

side

TLuft,OUT

TSE,LK TSI,LKTSE,WA TSI,WA

mLuft,OUT

mLuft,IN

TLuft,IN

QIQA

QL

QW

Exterior wall construction Interior

Modeling of the aLT in TRNSYS: Two possibilities

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LEXU II:


Conclusion:

Similar simulations results to Type 1230 and to the

measurement results from the test wall; BUT very high

input effort (up to 128 airnodes) and high error rate

(lots of linkings) no further considerations

Out

side

Exterior wall

TAN1

TR1

TAN2

T...

T...

T...

T...

TANn-2

TANn-1

TANn

Exterior wall construction Interior

Boundary wall

Room 1Room 2

Multi-zone (airnode) approach in Type 56 Type 1230: Ventilated Facade (TESS)

Conclusion:

Less input effort. Division of the thermal

envelope between Type 56 and Type 1230.

Tricky linking beetween Type 1230 and Type 56

Out

side

S1 S2

S3

Linking

Internal part of the exterior wall

Insi

de

Type1230 Type 56

TANn

Bachelor-Thesis: Modellierung einer außenliegenden Luftheizung mit Hilfe der Software TRNSYS…, Daniel Schmidt, htw saar, 2013

Out

side

Exterior part of the external wall

Air Gap

Res

isti

ve L

ayer

Tgap,i

Linking

Interior part of the external wall

TSO

Type1230 Type 56

Linking between Type 1230 und Type 56

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LEXU II:


TRNBuild: Zone XY / Airnode XY

Out

side


Air Gap

Res

isti

ve L

ayer

Tgap,i

Linking


TSO

Type1230 Type 56


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LEXU II:


TRNBuild: Output Manager (Ntype 18)


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LEXU II:


Out

side


Air Gap

Res

isti

ve L

ayer

Tgap,i

Linking


TSO

Type1230 Type 56

TSO_ID (hier ID4) Input-Nr. 6: Back surface temperature

Output-Nr. 7: Average interior air gap surface temperature

Input “Boundary Condtions” (hier “T_1230”)

Simulation Studio


Definition of the resistive layer

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LEXU II:


Inverse

TRNBuild: Wall Type Manager

Type 1230: Parameter

Linking between Type 1230 und Type 56 (for the aLT)

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LEXU II:


Type 1230: Output TRNBuild: Ventilation Type Manager

Verification of Type 1230

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LEXU II:


Comparison of an external wall with air layer (non ventilated) in Type 56 and Type 1230 + Type 56

S1 S2 S3

TSITSO

QSIQSO

Um

gebu

ng

S4 S5

Type 56

Um

gebu

ng

S1 S2 S3.1

Verknüpfung QSIQSO

TSO TSI

S3.2 S4 S5

Type1230 Type 56

Verification of Type 1230

Stationary conditions

Transient conditions

With/without irradiation

Variation of the thickness of the air gap

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LEXU II:


0.1

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.14

0.15

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110120130140150

Ther

mal

Res

ista

nce

ofth

eai

rgap

R [m

²K/W

]

Thickness of air gap [mm]

Quelle: Recknagel/Sprenger, 07/08

Model Tsi

[°C]

Tso

[°C]

Qsi

[W]

Qso

[W]

Type 56 19,28 0,162 3,54 3,54

Type 56+ Type 1230 19,29 0,159 3,49 3,49

Summary:

Differences <2% could be determined across all

simulations and variations.

Laboratory wall / test bench of the aLT

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LEXU II:


Nr. Description Thickness

1 Wood-fiberboard 18 mm

2 Insulation (Polystyrene) 160 mm


4 Capillary tubes: acitve layer 10 mm

5 Air gap 20 mm

6 Insulation (Polystyrene) 160 mm


3

SurroundingSurrounding

7 6 5 4 3 2 1


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LEXU II:


Luftauslass

Lufteinlass

Pt 100

Temp

Ausdehnungsgefäß

Befüllung

HAAKEF3-CH

Bypass

Pt 100

Platten-WT

Entlüftung

Testwand

Anzeige

p

m_pkt

Pt 100

Pt 100

Temp

Temp

aLT-Laborwand

V_pkt

TL,aus

TL,ein

TW,ein

TW,aus

VL

mW

Measuring points:

- TL,ein: Inlet temperature „air“ [°C]

- TL,aus: Outlet temperatur „air“ [°C]

- TW,ein: Inlet temperature „water“ [°C]

- TW,aus: Outlet temperature „water“ [°C]

- VL: volume flow air [m³/s]

- mW: mass flow water [kg/min]


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LEXU II:


Validation of Type 1230

Comparison between measured data and simulation results

Detailed evaluation and validation just in progress (>40 test series) Paper BauSim 2018, Karlsruhe (?)

Documentation of a first validation for the aWT & aLT:

LEXU II – Einsatz von aussenliegender Wandtemperierung bei der Gebäudesanierung; Schmidt, C., Altgeld, Groß, Luther, Schmidt,

D.; Proceedings of CESBP/BauSim 2016, Dresden

92.0%

94.0%

96.0%

98.0%

100.0%

102.0%

104.0%

106.0%

1 2 3 4 5

QWasser QLuft

First Conclusion:

Good accordance of the measured data and the simulation results; differences ~5%

Building C 3.1 on the campus of „Universität des Saarlandes“

Year of construction: 1969

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LEXU II: Demonstrator

Western frontageHeight: ~15 mWidth: ~13,5 mArea: ~200 m²0,36 m ferroconcrete (Stahlbeton)

Quelle: Google Maps, 2017

N


Detailed planning of the facade

Idea: room-by-room control aWT + field test area aWT & aLT

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Field test

aLT

Field test aWT

Kapillarrohrmatte „Optimat SB 20“Hersteller: Clina, BerlinStammrohr: 20 x 2 mmKapillarrohr 4,3 x 0,8 mmAbstand A: 20 mmLänge: 60-600 mmBreite: ab 150 mm Fertigung der Matten passend für die Fassade


Realization

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Final step „Modeling of the aLT“: Validation of Type 1230 by a comparison with

measured data from the field test area

Hydraulic diagram „Demonstrator“

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12

4

3

5

6

8 7

Eisspeicher

Pufferspeicher

PVT-Kollektor

Mehrere Heizkreise

„aWT/aLT“

Wärmepumpe

WT3WT2

WT1

Ice Storage

Heat pump

Buffer storage

PVT-CollectorFacade

To Do: Modeling the components

in TRNSYS and validation

Many thanks to the funding authority, our project partner and supporters!Project management Project partner

WIDAG GbR

Dr. Gerhard Luther

Funding

Referat FM:

Facility Management

Supporter

HGE Ingenieur GmbH

Contact: IZES gGmbH, Altenkesseler Str. 17,Geb. A1, D-66115 Saarbrücken,Tel: 0681-844972-46, Mail: [email protected], www.projekt-lexu.de

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.projekt-lexu.de/

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