gÆ - International Center for Transitional Justice · Pg\Pkm\lhl8 Gof/]l6e kmf]s:8 u|'k l8:s;g...

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sfo{qmdaf6 k|efjsf/L 9Ëdf alxis[t ul/Psf] lyof]_–n] nuftf/ ¿kdf p7fPsf lyP .1

cg';Gwfg qmddf ljleGg dxŒk"0f{ s'/fx¿ b]vf k/] . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;a} pQ/bftfx¿n] lgMz'Nscf}ifwf]krf/nfO{ tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf lnP . t/ oftgf, anfTsf/, / cGo k|sf/sf of}lgs/ n}ª\lus lx+;fsf KfLl8tx¿sf nflu lgMz'Ns cf}ifwf]krf/ cem pRr k|fyldstfsf] ljifo lyof] /pgLx¿n] To;cGtu{t uDeL/ k|s[ltsf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s rf]6 / 3fpsf] pkrf/sf nflu ljlzli6s[tvfnsf] x]/rfx klg ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbP . cfˆgf] cfly{s, /f]huf/L;DaGwL tyf z}lIfscfjZostf;DaGwL k|fyldstfx?sf af/]df dlxnf / k'?ifx?sf] larf/ yf]/} leGg lyo]f . t/ cfwf/e"thLljsf jf hLjgofkg;DaGwL cfjZostfx¿sf] ljifo eg] ;a}n] p7fP h'g cTofjZos x'g'sf ;fy} dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf kLl8tsf ¿kdf dfq ge} g]kfnL gful/ssf x}l;otn] klg pgLx¿n] clwsf/sf ¿kdf pkef]u ug{ kfpg'kb{5 .

oBlk, pQ/bftfx¿n] Gofo k|bfg ul/Psf] dx;'; ug{ / cfkm"n] ef]u]sf] xflgsf] ;Daf]wg ug{sf nfluef}lts pkfox¿ ckof{Kt x'G5g\ eGg] 7fg] . kLl8tsf cfjZostfx¿ k|fylds ¿kdf cfly{s dfq x'g\cyf{t olb pgLx¿nfO{ kof{Kt hLljsf;DaGwL ;xof]u lbg] xf] eg] pgLx¿n] ljutnfO{ la;{g] 5g\ /Ifdf lbg] 5g\ egL s;}–s;}n] bflj u/]eGbf l7s ljkl/t of] cWoogsf] lgisif{n] ef}lts / cef}ltscfjZostfx¿aLrsf] cem a9L PsLs[t ;DaGw / Gofosf] ;du|¿kL cjwf/0ffsf] phfu/ u/]sf] 5 .cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] cj:yfdf pQ/bftfx¿n] kl/k"/0fsf] ;jfndf ækL8sx¿nfO{ ;hfoÆ, ;Tosf] vf]hL, a]kQf cfkmGtsf] vf]hL, dfgjclwsf/ HofbtL nufotaf6 bL3{sfnLg ;'/Iff / ;+/If0f, / ;'zf;gnfO{;anLs/0f ug]{ cGo pkfox¿ nufotsf g}lts tyf ef}lts xflgx¿nfO{ klg ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] vfnsf km/flsnf] cfsfª\Iffx¿ JoSt u/] .

cWoog qmddf ;xefuLx¿;Fusf] 5nkmnx¿ eljiosf æcfzfx¿Æ jf æcfsfª\Iffx¿Ædf k'Ubf pgLx¿n] oL / cGo cef}lts cfjZostfx¿nfO{ cem lg/Gt/ p7fP / a9L g} k|fylstfdf /fv] . oBlk ToxfF;/n juL{s/0f eg] lYfPg . a?, ;fdflhs / cflYf{s k'gMk|flKtsf pkfox¿ pgLx¿nfO{ dfgjclwsf/pNnª\3gsf kLl8tsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ tyf b[9tfk"j{s cfTd;ft ug]{ -cyf{t, w]/}n] pgLx¿nfO{ æzxLbÆ eg]h:tf]_, c? gful/s ;/x ;dfg x}l;otdf k'g:yf{lkt ug]{, / eljiodf x'g ;Sg] xflglj¿4 ;+/If0f;'lglZrt ug]{ h:tf pkfox¿;Fu hf]l8Psf lyP . o;}u/L, ;fdflhs / cfly{s cfjZostfx¿ bL3{sfnLgcfzf tyf cfsfª\Iffx¿;DaGwL 5nkmndf lg/Gt/ cfO/x] h;n] ;xefuLx¿sf] cfˆgf nflu dfq geO{ pgLx¿sf afnaflnsfx¿ ;d]tsf] eljio k|fKt ug]{ / :yfoL ;dfwfglt/ hfg] rfxgfnfO{ OlËt ul//x]sf]lyof] . Pshgf oftgfkLl8tn] eg] h:t} kLl8tx¿ ækm/flsnf] Åbosf ;fy lgw{Ss cufl8 a9\gÆTolta]nf dfq lx+8\g]5g\ h'ga]nf pgLx¿sf] klxrfg x'G5 / k|lti7f k'g:yf{lkt x'G5 .

oL km/flsnf 9fFrfx¿ aLrdf cg';Gwfg lgisif{n] kLl8t tyf pgLx¿sf kl/jf/df kg]{ xflgsf] k|efjsf] k||s[lt / ;LdfnfO{ KfLl8tsf] ;fdflhs hg;flª\VosLo :j¿k / pgLx¿n] a;f]jf; ul//x]sf] ;Gbe{n] klglgwf{/0f ub{5 eGg] b]]vfPsf] 5 . o:tf] ljljwtfn] km/s km/s cfjZostfx¿ l;h{gf ub{5g\ h;nfO{;f]xL cg'¿ksf] ;Daf]wg h?/t kb{5 .

1 cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmddf åGåsf] qmddf ePsf] zf/Ll/s rf]6sf] pkrf/sf] vr{ Ifltk"[lt{:j¿k pknAw u/fpg] k|fjwfg/x]sf] 5, t/ oftgf / anfTsf/ tyf of}ghGo lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ tYout cfwf/d} of] ;'ljwfaf6 ljd'v u/fOPsf]lyof] lsgeg] w]/}h;f] pgLx¿n] s'g} pkrf/ u/fpg ;s]sf lyPgg\ / olb s;}n] pkrf/ u/fPs} lyP eg] klg pgLx¿n]sfuhkq / cGo k|df0fx¿ k]z ug{ ;s]sf lYfPgg\ .

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n}lËu ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt lgisif{x¿n] pbfx/0fsf nflu Ps} :j¿ksf] lx+;f ef]u]sf] cj:yfdf klg To:tf] lx+;fsf] sf/0f pTkGg xflgx¿ s;/L n}ª\lus b[li6sf]0fdf km/s x'G5 eGg] s'/f b]vfof] . of]cWoogdf ;xefuL w]/}h;f] dlxnf pQ/bftfx¿ ul/a / lg/If/ jf cw{;fIf/ lyP / w]/}h;f] ;LdfGtLs[t;d'bfosf lyP . pgLx¿n] d'Votof >Ldfg\ jf kl/jf/sf] cGo d'Vo sdfO u/L Nofpg] ;b:osf] Ifltsf]kl/0ffd:j¿k Hofb} 7"nf] cfly{s af]em af]sL/xg'k/]sf] cj:yf / o;n] ubf{ cfˆgf] zf/L/Ls / dfgl;s:jf:Yo lubf]{ cj:yfdf ePsf] atfP . oL si6x¿sf cnfjf nHhf, ;fdflhs snª\s / PsfsLkgsf]¿kdf t]>f] af]em ylkPsf] 5 h'g ;fwf/0ftof pgLx¿sf k'?if ;dsIfLx¿n] cg'ej u/]sf x'Fb}gg\ . of];fdflhs c;/n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ yk ;LdfGtLs[t kfb{5 / pgLx¿sf] ;xof]u vf]Hg] / k|fKt ug]{ ;jfndfcj/f]wsf] sfd ub{5 . anfTsf/ / cGo of}lgs tyf n}ª\lus lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿sf] ;jfndf lje]b ykdha't ePsf] 5 / pgLx¿nfO{ cGtl/d /fxtdf alxis[t ul/Psf]n] kL8f emg ulx/f] ePsf] 5 .

yk cg';Gwfg ug{ cfjZos eP klg o; cWoogsf] lgisif{n] hftdf cfwfl/t xflg tyf cfjZostfx¿sf] aLrdf o:t} cGt{;DaGw ePsf] tkm{ OlËt ub{5 . g]kfndf hft >]0fLqmddf ;a}eGbf k'5f/df /x]sfblntx¿ o; cg';Gwfgsf pQ/bftfx¿sf cg';f/ xflgsf] a9L hf]lvddf, ;d:of;Fu h'Wg sd ;dy{ /;xfotf k|fKt ug{ ;kmn x'g klg lgs} sd ;dy{ x'G5g\ . s]xL hghflt ;d"xx¿ / sd cfly{s >f]t /s'g} /fhgLlts ;Dks{ gePsf ;d"xx¿sf ;jfndf klg o:t} lgisif{ ;'emfOPsf] 5 . of] cg';GwfgdflnË, hft, hghflt / ul/aLsf] :t/aLrsf] cGt{;DaGwnfO{ ljz]if ¿kdf cGj]if0f gul/Psf] eP klgsl7gfOdf yk j[l4 ePsf] s'/f v'Ng cfPsf] 5, pbfx/0fsf nflu blnt dlxnf / lglZrt hghflt;d"xsf dlxnfx¿n] hft÷hghfltsf cfwf/df x'g] / lnËsf cwf/df klg x'g] u/L b'O{ u'gf lje]bsf]af]em ;fdgf ub{5g\ .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] o;cGtu{t ;]jf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo ePsfx¿nfO{ s]xL tTsfnLg ;xfotf k|bfg u/]sf] eP klg o;n] åGåkLl8tx¿n] ef]u]sf ;a} xflgx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ cem} ;'? u/]sf] 5}Gf cyf{t tL kL8fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ s'g} pNn]vgLo of]ubfg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . a?, ;/sf/n] kLl8tx¿sf] kl/k"/0fsf] clwsf/;DaGwL s'g} klg ;fy{s ;f]rnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;To cfof]u :yfkgf;Fu ;DalGwtsfg'gdflysf] nlDaPsf] ;f}bfafhLdf ws]lnlbPsf] 5 . pQm cfof]u :yfkgf;DaGwL] kl5Nnf] sfg'gnfO{;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3n] cfnf]rgf u/]sf] 5 / kLl8t tyf gful/s ;dfhn] klg Jofks ¿kdf alxisf/ u/]sf5g\ . o;} aLrdf kLl8tsf sltko cfjZostfx¿ olt uDeL/ 5g\ ls ltgsf] ;Daf]wgdf cem} l9nf ug]{xf] eg] o;n] kLl8tx¿sf] zf/L/Ls kL8fnfO{ yk ub{5 h;n] pgLx¿nfO{ yk lg/fzf / cfqmf]z lbg'sf;fy} jif{x¿ laTb} hfg] qmddf Ho]i7 / sdhf]/ kLl8tx¿sf] d[To' klg x'g]5 .

;To cfof]u :yfkgf;DaGwL ljBdfg clglZrttf / :yfkgf ePkl5 klg l;kmfl/;x¿ lbg] cj:yf;Ddo;nfO{ k'Ug nfUg] ;do ;d]tsf]] b[li6sf]0fdf kl/k"/0f;DaGwL pkfox¿nfO{ :jfoQ ¿kdfg} cl3 a9fpg' kb{5 . o;df kLl8tx¿sf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx¿ k|bfg ug{ uDeL/ sbdx¿ ;dfj]z x'g'kb{5 . o;sfcnfjf, ;/sf/n] lj:t[t kl/k"/0f sfo{qmdsf nflu tof/L sbdx¿ ;'? ug'{kb{5 . vf;df, kLl8tx¿sf]kl/k"/0f;DaGwL cfjZostf tyf cfsfª\Iffx¿ s] 5g\ egL lj:t[t ¿kdf a'‰gÙ lnË, hft, hghflt, ;fdflhs cfly{s x}l;ot / cGo leGgtfx¿af6 s;/L pgLx¿ ;"lrt 5g\ eGg] yfx kfpgÙ / o:tf;'rsx¿nfO{ Vofndf /fVgsf nflu s;/L kl/k"/0f sfo{qmdsf] th{'df / nfu" ug]{ eGg] a'‰gsf nfluj[xt k/fdz{x¿ cfjZos kb{5g\ . o:tf k/fdz{x¿sf] kl/0ffd ;To cfof]usf l;kmfl/;x¿ tof/ x'g]qmddf cfjZos hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg / l;kmfl/; k|s[ofnfO{ b|'t agfpg / olb ;To cfof]u u7gl9nf ePsf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/åf/f ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ ;xof]u / dfu{lgb]{zg ug{df k|of]u ug{;lsG5 .

cNksfnLg jf bL3{sfnLg s'g} klg vfn] kl/k"/0f;DaGwL pkfosf d'Vo tTjx¿n] åGå;Fu ;DalGwt xflgx¿sf] g}lts k|s[ltnfO{ klxrfg ug{'kb{5 / oL pkfox¿nfO{ dfgjLo ;xfotf eGbf klg clwsf/sf]


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¿kdf th{'df ul/g'kb{5 . of] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} / o; cg';Gwfgsf] lgisif{sf] cfwf/df of] k|ltj]bgdflgDglnlvt tTsfnLg pkfox¿;DaGwL lj:t[t l;kmfl/;x¿ ul/Psf 5g\ M

• kLl8tx¿sf] ;a}eGbf tLj| ;fdflhs cfly{s cfjZostfx¿ lgjf/0f ug{sf nflu cljnDj kl/k"/0fsf] sfo{qmd :yfkgf ug]{ . o;sf cnfjf !_ ;a}eGbf a9L hf]lvddf k/]sf kLl8tx¿sf]cfly{s cfjZostf tyf pgLx¿sf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] Joj:yf ug{ Ifltk"lt{ / cGo cfly{s;xof]u k|bfg ug{]Ù @_ hLjg hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sfx¿ jf s'g} sfd ug{ g;Sg] eO{ ynf k/]sfx¿ jf o:tf] kl/0ffd of}lgs jf n}ª\lus lx+;fsf sf/0f ePsfx¿nfO{ zNolqmof nufotsf cf}ifwf]krf/;DaGwL ;xfotf k|bfg ug{]Ù / #_ kLl8tsf ;a} :s'n hfg] pd]/ k'u]sfafnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ / cfly{s ;xof]u -oftfoft, kf]zfs, k':tssf nflu_ pknAwu/fpg] .

• hldg jf cGo ;DklQdf a]kQfsf kl/jf/ tyf hLjg;fyLx¿sf] sfg'gL ;/f]sf/ k|fKt ug{ ;/sf/L lgb]{zg hf/L ug{] .

• cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] of]hgfdf cfpg nflu/x]sf] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmddfoftgf / anfTsf/ tyf of}lgs jf n}ª\lus lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug{ ;'lglZrt ug{] .

yk lj:t[t pkfox¿sf] th'{df / sfo{fGjogdf ;xof]usf] nflu lgDg lnlvt l;Kfmfl/;x¿ ul/Psf] 5 M

• kLl8tsf åGån] lgDTofPsf xflgx¿ tyf ;DalGwt cfjZostf / cfsfª\Iffsf ljlzi6tfx¿nfO{;Daf]wg ug]{ vfnsf bL3{sfnLg kl/k"/0f pkfox¿sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ kLl8tx¿;Fu k/fdz{x¿ ug]{ . oL k/fdz{x¿sf bf}/fgdf Wofgdf /fVg'kg]{ ;'rsx¿df kLl8tn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] kL8fsf]k|s[ltÙ kLl8t tyf kl/jf/df oL xflgx¿n] k'¥ofPsf] bL3{sfnLg kl/0ffdÙ xflgx¿sf n}ª\lus c;/x¿Ù / lnË, hft, hghflt, cfly{s cj:yf / /fhgLlts cfa4tfsf] k|efjdfcj:yfnfO{ ;fdgf ug]{ lghL Ifdtfx¿ cflb kb{5g\ .

• kf/bzL{ cfwf/df ;]jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ k|To]s qmd / nfesf] k|sf/df k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L nfetyf p2]Zosf] l;nl;n]jf/ qmd :yfkgf ug'{kb{5, h;df lgDg s'/fx¿ ;dfj]z x'g'kb{5M cfly{s sl7gfO lgjf/0fsf nflu hLjg lgj{fx ;xof]uÙ bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/L k|fKt ug{df ljBdfg Jofj;flos tflndx¿sf] k|efjsf/Ltfsf] d'NofÍgsf cfwf/df /f]huf/L;DaGwL ;xof]uÙ dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf kLl8tx¿sf hLljt afnaflnsfx¿ / cGo afnaflnsfx¿ h;sf]:s'n lzIff lx+;fsf sf/0f cj?4 ePsf] lyof] pgLx¿sf] xfnsf] pd]/ h'g;'s} ePklgpgLx¿nfO{ lzIffsf] cj;/Ù dfgjclwsf/ HofbtL / cGo åGå;Fu ;DalGwt lx+;fsf sf/0fpTkGg zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ladf/Ldf nlIft :jf:Yo ;]jf / x]/rfx .

• ;]jfu|fxLx¿sf] cj:yfnfO{ pgLx¿sf lj?4 ePsf] dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf sf/0f xflg ef]u]sf gful/sx¿sf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ jf klxrfg ug]{ nufot lgDg cef}lts pkfox¿;Fu ef}ltspkfox¿nfO{ hf]8\g' kb{5 M kLl8tx¿sf] ;fj{hlgs :jLsf/ / klxrfgÙ a]kQfx¿sf] cj:yfsf]:ki6Ls/0f nufot ;Tosf] vf]hLÙ / cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gcGtu{tsf uDeL/ ck/fwx¿dfcleof]hgsf ;fd~h:ok"0f{ / ;Ifd /0fgLltx¿ sfof{Gjogsf nflu >f]tsf] Joj:yf . o:tf]gLltsf] cefjdf kmf}hbf/L d'2fx¿ k5\ofpg rfxg]x¿nfO{ sfg'gL ;xof]usf] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 .

• kl/k"/0fsf] gLltn] s;/L åGå / dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf d"n sf/0fx¿ ;Daf]wg ug{dfof]ubfg k'¥ofg ;Sb5 / kl/k"/0fnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 9Ëdf s;/L j[xQ/ ljsf;;DaGwLof]hgfx¿ th'{df ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf kLl8tx¿, ljsf;] ;fe]mbf/x¿ / cGo ;fGble{s;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;+jfb ;'? ug]{ .

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!= kl/rodfgjclwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g, o'4 ck/fw, jf dfgjtflj?4sf] ck/fwdf kl/k"/0f nufot k|efjsf/L pkrf/sf] clwsf/nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08x¿df :yflkt ul/Psf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ sfg'g /cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'gsf] uDeL/ pNnª\3gdf kl/k"/0f / pkrf/sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Locfwf/e"t l;4fGt tyf dfu{lgb]{zg -cwf/e"t l;4fGt, @))%_n] æcGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ sfg'g / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'g, hf] cf–cfˆgf dfGotfdf Kfm/s eP klg Ps cfk;df kl/k'/s 5g\,cGtu{tsf sfg'gL bfloTjx¿sf] sfo{fGjogsf nflu ljBdfg sfg'gL ;+oGqx¿, tl/sfx¿, k|lqmofx¿/ k4ltx¿sf] klxrfg ub{5g\ .Æ2 cfwf/e"t l;4fGtn] kl/k"/0fsf kfFr cjojx¿ x'G5g\ egL kl/efliftu/]sf] 5 M !_ k|Tof:yfkgf @_ Ifltk"lt{ #_ k'g:{yfkgf $_ ;Gt'li6 %_ k'gM gbf]xf]l/g] k|Tofe"lt .3

kl/k"/0f sfo{qmd jf sfo{qmdx¿sf] jf:tljs :j¿k k|To]s ;Gbe{ lkR5] km/s x'G5 . oBlk,;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf] ;a}eGbf a9L kLl8t s]lGb|t cjoj ePsf]n] kl/k"/0fnfO{ kLl8tx¿n] ef]u]sf] jf:tljs xflg / tL xflgx¿af6 pTkGg vf; cfjZostfx¿sf] a'EfmfOsf cfwf/df ;"lrt ul/g'kb{5 .kl/k"/0fn] ;Daf]wg ug]{ egL 7flgPsf pNnª\3gx¿ cS;/ ck"/0fLo x'g ;Sg] ePklg -pbfx/0fsf nflu, afa'cfdf, 5f]/f5f]/L, jf bfh'efO÷lbbLalxgLsf] Iflt_, kLl8tx¿n] klxrfg u/]sf cfjZostfx¿ / pgLx¿sf] nflu h] s'/fn] Gofo cg'e"lt u/fpF5 To;cg'¿k ;Daf]wg ug{] vfnsf pkfox¿ cjnDjgul/g' kb{5 .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd o:tf ;f]rfOx¿df cfwfl/t eP/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyPg . a? o;n] dfgjLo/fxtsf] :j¿k lnPsf] lyof] h;cg';f/ ;z:q åGåsf ;a} geP klg s]xL ju{sf kLl8tx¿df ;dfg ¿kdf d'VotM cfly{s nfex¿sf] ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . vf;df, oftgfkLl8t, anfTsf/ / cGo of}lgstyf n}ª\lus lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9Ëaf6 alxlis[t ul/Psf] lyof] . ;'?sf ljifdtfx¿sf];Daf]wg ul/Pkl5 eg] cGtl/d /fxtdf of]Uo 7flgPsfx¿nfO{ eg] ;'ljwfx¿ t'ngfTds ¿kdf ;dtfd"ns g} lyP . oBlk, pQm ;'ljwfn] HofbtLx¿af6 l;lh{t vf; xflgx¿nfO{ eg] ;Daf]wg u/]g, g t pQm;'ljwfx¿ kLl8tx¿n] cfˆgf] cfly{s cj:yf jf klxrfgsf sf/0f xflg ef]Ug ;Sg] ljleGg tl/sfx¿ / ;f] ljljwtfaf6 pTkGg x'g] ljljw cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu ldNg] lx;fadf tof/ul/Psf] g} lyof] .

of] k|ltj]bgn] cGtl/d /fxt eGbf k/ uP/ kLl8tx¿sf lg/Gt/sf cfjZostfx¿ / cfsfª\Iffx¿sf]af/]df cWoog u/]sf] 5 . of] cg';Gwfgdf b'O{ km/flsnf] ju{sf kLl8tx¿n] ;xeflutf hgfPsf lyP M

2 k|:tfj, cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx¿, dxf;ef ;ª\sNk k|:tfj ^)÷!$&, l8;]Dj/ !^, @))%, cg';"rLsf] cg'R5]b & . 3 of] dfu{lgb{]zgdf lbOPsf] kl/k"/0f;DaGwL kl/efiff ;fdfGotof ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf k4ltx¿;Fu Pscfk;df

ldNg] vfnsf 5g\, h;n] kmf}hbf/L Gofo, ;To, kl/k"/0f / k'gMgbf]xf]l/g] s'/f;DaGwL clwsf/ tyf st{Jox¿nfO{;Daf]wg ub{5 .


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!_ ank"j{s a]kQf kfl/Psf jf xTof ul/Psf kLl8tx¿sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ ePsf] gftfn] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf ;'ljwfsf nflu of]Uo ePsf åGåkLl8tx¿ / @_ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] :ki6¿kdf ;Daf]wg gu/]sf vf;u/L oftgfsf kLl8tx¿ . of] cg';Gwfgn] oL b'O{ ;d"xdf dfgjclwsf/HofbtLsf sf/0f ePsf] c;/x¿ / o;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k pTkGg xflgx¿sf] af/]df cGj]if0f u/]sf] 5 . of]cg';Gwfgn] tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿sf] klxrfg ug{'sf ;fy} pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ lj:t[t kl/k"/0f sfo{qmddf pgLx¿sf] bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iff tyf clenfiffsf af/]df ;f]Rg] cj;/ klg k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] .4

tTsfnLg cfly{s cfjZostfx¿sf] a9L bafa /xg] ;Gbe{df Hofbf ;/nLs[t >]0fLqmd x6fpg] k|of;:j¿k tTsfnLg jf clt h?/L cfjZostfx¿, bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iff jf dfux¿ / ef}ltsjf cef}lts cfjZostfx¿aLsf] km/s tyf cGt;{DaGwsf] lrq0f ug]{ p2]Zo cg'¿k cg';Gwfgsf tl/sfx¿ th{'df ul/Psf] lyof] . cg';Gwfgn] xflg tyf cfjZostfx¿ jf cfsfª\Iffx¿df n}ª\lus,/ s]xL sd xbdf, hft, hghflt, ;fdflhs cfly{s l:ylt, / /fhgLlts cfa4tfsf cfwf/df x'g]leGgtfx¿sf] af/]df klg cGj]if0f u/]sf] 5 . oBlk, oL ;"rsx¿aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ k'/f ¿kdf klxrfgug{ eg] yk cg';Gwfgsf] h?/t kb{5 .

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o s]Gb| -cfOl;l6h]_ / jftfj/0f :jf:Yo / hg;ª\Vofultljlw;DaGwL cg';Gwfg s]Gb| -s[kf_n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf th{'df ul/Psf] of] cg';Gwfg u'0ffTds lyof] .t;y{ o;sf lgisif{x¿n] ;a} åGåkLl8tx¿sf] tYofÍut k|ltlglwTj ub{}g . oBlk, eljiosf kl/k"/0fgLltx¿nfO{ ;"lrt ug]{ vfnsf ljrf/x¿sf] If]q tyf ljifoj:t'x¿sf k|sf/sf af/]df oL lgisif{x¿n] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ ;ª\s]t k|bfg ub{5 . ;fy} of] cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd tyf kl/k"/0f;DaGwL g]kfndf ePsf sfdx¿df d'Votof cfOl;l6h] / cGo ;+:yfx¿af6 klg ePsf] Jofkscg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t eP/ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 h;nfO{ pko'Qm 7fpFdf p4[t ul/Psf] 5 .5

4 æaspirationÆ ;Fu 7\ofSs} ldNg] g]kfnL zAb 5}g, t/ cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf æåGåsf xflgx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{cfjZos kg{] c? s'/fx¿Æ jf s;/L åGåsf xflgx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] æcfzfÆ sf] ¿kdf o;sf] cfzo JoSt ul/Psf] lyof] .

5 pbfx/0fsf nflu x]g{'xf];\ M cfOl;l6h], æ/fxtsf cltl/Qm g]kfndf a]kQf kfl/Psf kLl8tsf >LdtLx¿sf] clwsf/ /cfjZostfsf] ;Daf]wgÆ -@)!#_Ù cfOl;l6h], æ/fxtb]lv kl/k"/0f;Dd M kLl8tx¿sf] cfjfhsf] ;'g'jfOÆ -@)!!_ÙP8\ef]s];L kmf]/d / cfOl;l6h], æåGån] g]kfnL dlxnfdf kf/]sf] c;/Æ -@)!)_Ù cfOl;l6h], æg]kfnL cfjfhx¿ Mg]kfndf ;To, Gofo, d]nldnfk, kl/k"/0f / ;ª\qmd0f;DaGwL wf/0ffÆ -@))*_, www.ictj.org/publications

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@= k[i7e"ld

;z:q åGåsf] qmddf ePsf dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLx¿ / ;/sf/L k|ltlqmof

/fHosf ;'/Iffan tyf tTsfnLg g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ -g]skf-dfcf]jfbL__aLr g]kfndf ePsf] !) jif]{ -KfmfNu'g @)%@ b]lv d+l;/ @)^#_ åGån] bzf}+ xhf/ dflg;x¿nfO{ k|ToIf / ck|ToIf¿kdf c;/ kf¥of] . u}/sfg'gL xTof, ank"j{s a]kQf kfg{] sfo{, :j]R5frf/L y'gf, oftgf, anfTsf/ tyfcGo of}ghGo lx+;f, / qm"/, cdfgjLo, / ckdfghgs Jojxf/x¿ Jofks ¿kdf åGå/t ;a} kIfx¿af6ePsf] lyof] .6 dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no -pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no_sf cg';f/ cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg'gsf] uDeL/ pNnª\3gsf (,))) xf/fxf/Lsf 36gfx¿ 36fOPsf] x'g;S5 .oBlk o:tf 36gfx¿ / ljz]ifu/L of}ghGo lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] k|ltj]bg Hofb} sd ePsf] ;d:ofsfaf/]df klg Jofks ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 .7 w]/}n] lzIff, :jf:Yo / cfwf/e"t ;/sf/L ;]jfx¿dfcj/f]w, ljBdfg cfly{s sl7gfOdf yk ;d:of, / c;'/Iff tyf 8/ ef]Ug' k¥of] .

blntx¿ -g]kfnsf] hft >]0fLqmddf ;a}eGbf tn /x]sf_ / hghflt ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ -hghflt_dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLaf6 c;dfg'kflts ¿kdf kLl8t ePsf lyP .8 pgLx¿dflysf] pTkL8g nfdf];dob]lvsf] hftLo / hghfltsf cfwf/df x'g] lje]bdf lglxt /xsf] 5 . ;z:q åGåsf] ;Gbe{dfblnt / hghfltx¿ ljz]ifu/L dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf efuLbf/ lyP lsgeg] Psflt/ pgLx¿nfO{/fHon] dfcf]jfbLk|lt ;xfg'e"lt /fv]sf] zª\sf ub{Yof] eg] csf]{lt/ g]skf–dfcf]jfbL / p;sf] ;z:qan;Fu cfa4 x'g jf ;dy{g ug{ pgLx¿ rsf]{ bafadf kg]{ hf]lvd klg lyof] .9 lje]bnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{

6 /fHosf tkm{af6 åGådf ;xefuL d'Vo kIfx¿df g]kfn k|x/L -k|x/L_, / ;g\ @))# kl5, zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf -zfxL ;]gf,h;nfO{ clxn] g]kfnL ;]gf elgPsf] 5_, / cw{ ;}lgs ;z:q k|x/L an -;z:q k|x/L_ lyP . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf]d'Vo ;z:q andf hgd'lQm ;]gf -kLPnP_ lyof], oBlk ;z:q ldlnl;of klg cl:tTjdf lyof] .

7 pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no, æ@)!@ g]kfn k|ltj]bg,Æ

8 k/Dk/fut hftLo >]0fLqmdcg';f/ a|fDx0fx¿ -k'/f]lxt / u'?x¿_ ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] >]0fLdf /xG5g\, To;eGbf tnIf]qLx¿ -zf;s tyf l;kfxLx¿_ / To; d'lg j}Zox¿ -Jofkf/Lx¿_ /xG5g\ . ;a}eGbf tnsf] >]0fLdf eg] blntx¿-dhb"/x¿, h'Qf l;nfpg] JolQmx¿, / ;/;KfmfO ug]{ JolQmx¿_ kb{5g . ;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfnsf]s'n hg;ª\Vofsf] !# k|ltzt blntx¿ /x]sf 5g\ oBlk blnt hg;ª|\Vof of] eGbf lgs} dfly 5 eGg] klg bfaLul/G5 . To;}u/L ;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfdf *@ Þ& nfv jf g]kfnsf] s'n hg;ª\Vofsf] #& k|ltzt ;lxt lqrfnL;hghfltut ;d"xx¿sf] u0fgf ul/Psf] lyof] . oBlk, Pp6f k|f/lDes cg';"rLdf ;"rLs[t ul/Pcg';f/ g]kfndf^! hghflt ;d"xx¿ lyP h;nfO{ kl5 sfg'gdf %( j6fdf l;ldt ul/of] . ljleGg hghflt ;d"xx¿aLrdf w]/}ljljwtfx¿ klg 5g\ . g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;‹ -g]lkmg_sf cg';f/ gf} hghflt ;d"xx¿ æ;Í6Ædf, !@æPsbd} ;LdfGtLs[tÆ, !( æ;LdfGtLs[tÆ, !$ æ;'ljwfxLgÆ, / b'O{ æljsl;t tyf k|ultzLnÆ /x]sf 5g\ . x]g'{xf];\www.nefin.org.np/list/Categorization-of-Indigenous-People-based-on-development-/5/95/6

9 x]g{'xf];\, ædfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yf / cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] ultljlwx¿ nufot g]kfndf k|fljlws ;xof]u;DaGwL;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] k|ltj]bgÆ, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3, dxf;ef, ^) cf}+ ;q, Ph]G8f cfO6d g+


www.ictj.org8


k|of;x¿sf afah't klg oL ;d"xx¿n] g]kfnsf æcToGt ul/aÆ ax'dtsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ / pgLx¿cem} klg alxis/0f tyf zf]if0fdf kg]{ hf]lvd ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 .10

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf -@)^#_ n] åGåsf] cGTo u/fof] / zflGt k|lqmofsf] nflu /f]8Dofk k|bfgu¥of] . o;df æpRr:t/Lo ;To tyf d]nldnfk cfof]uÆsf] :yfkgf u/]/ dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsfaf/]df ;To cGj]if0f ug]{, åGåkLl8tx¿nfO{ /fxt k|bfg ug]{ / æb08xLgtfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt gug]{Æ nufotåGå;Fu ;DalGwt ck/fwx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] h:tf k|lta4tfx¿ ;dfj]z lyP .11 oL k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# df k'gMbf]xf]¥ofOPsf] 5 h;df åGå;Fu ;DalGwt ank"j{s a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{x¿sf]cg';Gwfg ug{ sfof{b]z k|fKt cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df kLl8tsf kl/jf/x¿nfO{ /fxtsf] Joj:yf ug{] eGg] k|fjwfgsf] klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .12 ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nfx¿n] kLl8tx¿sf] ;To hfGg kfpg] clwsf/, / Goflos pkrf/ vf]Hg] kLl8tx¿sf] clwsf/dfly s'g} k"jf{u|x g/fvL/fxtsf pkfox¿ cjnDjg ul/g'kg{] nufot pkrf/sf] xsnfO{ dfGotf lb+b} oL k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ yk dha't agfPsf] 5 .13 o;sf cnfjf, gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGw / oftgf tyf cGo q"m/, cdfgjLo / ckdfghgs Jojxf/ tyf ;hfolj?4sf] dxf;lGw nufotsfcGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ ;lGwx¿sf] kIf /fi6« ePsfn], dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ Goflos nufotsf k|efjsf/L pkrf/x¿ k|bfg ug{ g]kfn afWo 5 .

oL k|lta4tfx¿sf] afah't jf:tljs Goflos k|lqmof :yfkgf ug{] ;jfndf w]/} cj/f]w hf/L 5 / yf]/}dfq k|ult ePsf] 5 . ;ft jif{ eGbf a9Lb]lv gLltut txsf 5nkmnx¿df ;To cfof]u / a]kQf cfof]ujf tL b'j}sf] ;lDd>0fsf] s'g} ;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{ eGg] s'/fx¿n] a9L 7fpF lnPsf 5g\ . oBlk, Psflt//fhgLlts bn / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ tyf csf{]lt/ KfLl8t ;d'bfo / gful/s ;dfh b'j}nfO{ ;Gt'i6 kfg]{vfnsf] sfg'gdf ;xdt x'g ul/Psf k|of;x¿ ljjfb tyf w]/} c;kmn k|oTgx¿n] lrlqt ePsf 5g\ .14

&#, UN Doc. A/60/359; / dfgjclwsf/ / ljZj Gofo s]Gb|, NYU School of Law, æ/x:osf] x/fO/x]sf] 6'qmfM g]kfndf hftLo lje]bÆ -@))%_, www.chrgj.org/docs/Missing%20Piece%20of%20the%20Puzzle.pdf

10 em08} cfwf hlt blntx¿ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg a:b5g\, / kxf8L hghfltdf klg ul/aLsf] ef/ /fli6«ocf};teGbf w]/} g} a9L 5 . yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu x]g{'xf];\ M cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu -l8lkm8_ / ljZja}+s, æc;dfg gful/sx¿M g]kfndf n}lËs, hftLo / hghftLo alxis/0fÆ, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTSOCIALDEV/Resources/3177394-1168615404141/NepalGSEASummaryReport-part1.pdf

11 lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf, wf/f %=@=# sf cg';f/ b'j} kIfnfO{ o'4sf] qmddf a]kQf kfl/Psf jf xTof ul/Psf JolQmx¿sf] kl/ro ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] ^) lbg leq ;fj{hlgs ug{' kg{] x'G5 . wf/f %=@=$ n] æ/fli6«ozflGt tyf k'g:yf{kgfcfof]u :yfkgf ug{] / ælj:yflkt / åGå kLl8tx¿nfO{ /fxt / k'g:yf{kgfsfo{qmd ;~rfgn ug{]ÆpNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . wf/f %=@=% df b'j} kIfn] ædfgjclwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g / dfgjtflj?4sf] ck/fwdf;+nUg ePsf JolQmx¿sf] af/]df ;To cg';Gwfg ug{ / ;dfhdf d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f agfpgÆsf nflu Pp6fpRr:t/Lo ;To cfof]u :yfkgf ug{ ;xdtL hgfPsf 5g\ . wf/f &=!=# n] æåGå kLl8t, oftgf kLl8t / a]kQfsfkl/jf/x¿sf] /fxt k|fKt ug{] clwsf/Æs] k|Tofe"t ub{5 . wf/f &=%=# df x:tfIf/stf{x¿åf/f æåGåsf] qmddf 3fOt]ePsfx¿nfO{ cf}ifwf]krf/ pknAw u/fpg] / k'g{:yfkgfsf] nflu sfd ug{]Æs'/fdf k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5g\ .

12 cGtl/d ;+ljwfgcGtu{tsf lhDd]jf/Lx¿df æ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf dfl/Psfx¿sf] kl/jf/nfO{ tyf o; qmddf 3fOt] eO{ ckfË / czQm ePsfx¿nfO{ plrt /fxt, ;Ddfg tyf k'g:yf{kgfsf] Joj:yf ug]{Æ -wf/f##-t__Ù æ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ul7t 5fglag cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df To:tf JolQmx¿sf kLl8t kl/jf/x¿nfO{ /fxt pknAw u/fpg]Æ k|fjwfg -wf/f ##-y__Ù æ= = =lj:yflktx¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf ug{ = = =ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{= = = -wf/f ## -b__Ù / æ = = =pRr:t/Lo ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u u7g ug]{ = = = Æ -wf/f ## -w__ /x]sf 5g\ .

13 pbfx/0fsf] nflu x]g{'xf];\ M /fh]Gb| k|;fb 9sfn -clwjQmf_sf] kIfdf /ljGb| k|;fb 9sfnlj?4 g]kfn ;/sf/ -!* h]7 @)^$_, ;jf{]Rr cbfnt, / h'/L g]kfn / /fds'df/ e08f/L ;d]t lj?4 g]kfn ;/sf/ -!* kf}if @)&!_ .

14 @)^( ;fn h]7 df klxnf] ;+ljwf ;efsf] lj36g x'g'k"j{ w]/} jif{b]lv k/fdz{ / ;+;bLo k'g/fjnf]sgaf6 u'lh|Psf;To cfof]u tyf a]kQf cfof]u :yfkgf;DaGwL d:of}bf ljw]osx¿nfO{ lkmtf{ lnOof] . @)^( r}qdf ;To cfof]u

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kl5Nnf] cj:yfdf @* j}zfv @)&! df a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf] 5fglag, ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]usf] ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g -a]kQf tyf ;To cfof]u P]g_ /fi6«kltåf/f x:tfIf/ e} sfg'gdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . of] P]gdf ;dfgfGt/ ;To cfof]u / a]kQf cfof]u :yfkgf ug{];DaGwL k|fjwfg/x]sf] 5 . d'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿n] of] P]gdf ;xdlt hgfPsf] ePklg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo dfgjclwsf/pRrfo'Qm / cGo /fi6«;ª\3Lo ljz]if1x¿, / g]kfnsf kLl8t / dfgjclwsf/ ;d'bfon] of] sfg'gsf]cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ / kl/dfh{g ug{sf nflu dfu u/]sf 5g\ .15 @#$ hgf kLl8tx¿n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf of] sfg'gsf] lj?4 ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf d'2f klg xfn]sf 5g\ h;sf] kl/0ffd of] k|ltj]bg n]lv+b} ubf{sf] cj:yfdf k|fKt eO;s]sf] 5}Gf . cfOl;l6h]n] klg P]gsf] af/]df cfˆgf] rf;f]x¿ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .JolQmut 36gfx¿sf] cg';Gwfg / kLl8t tyf kL8sx¿ aLrdf d]nldnfk u/fpg] ;DaGwdf cJojxfl/s¿kdf ePsf] Wofg, cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gcGtu{tsf ck/fwx¿df klg Ifdfbfgsf] l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf / o;sf] sf/afxLx¿df kLl8tx¿nfO{ lbOPsf] ;ª\s'lrt :yfg nufotsf af/]df cfOl;l6h]n]rf;f] JoQm u/]sf] 5 .16

;To cfof]u :yfkgf;DaGwL k|:t't ul/Psf ljleGg sfg'gx¿df kl/k"/0f;DaGwL k|fjwfgx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] k6s u|x0f ul/Psf] sfg'gn] klg o;}u/L cfo'Qmx¿nfO{ Ifltk"lt{, k|lt:yfkgf,k'g:yf{kgf / lgMz'Ns lzIff / :jf:Yo ;]jf nufotsf cGo kl/k"/0fsf pkfox¿Ù ;Lk ljsf; tflnd/ /f]huf/LÙ cfjf;df ;xof]uÙ / C0fsf] ¿kdf cfly{s ;xof]u cflbsf] l;kmfl/; ug{] clwsf/ lbPsf]5 .17 oBlk, cf}krfl/s ;To lg¿k0f;DaGwL ;+oGqx¿sf] :yfkgfdf ePsf] l9nf] k|ultn] kl/k"/0fdf klg l9nfO ePsf] 5 . of] k|ltj]bgn] b]vfPh:t}, o:tf] l9nfOn] kLl8tx¿nfO{ yk cefju|:ttf / lg/fzfdfws]n]sf] 5 .

;To cfof]u tyf a]kQf cfof]udfly nlDaPsf] ljjfbn] kmf}hbf/L hjfkmb]xLtf nufot cGo If]qdf x'g'kg]{ k|ultdf klg cj/f]w ePsf] 5 . Ps kl5 csf]{ ag]sf ;/sf/x¿n] åGå;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx¿ dfkmL

/ a]kQf cfof]u b'j}sf] sfd Pp6} cfof]n] ug{] k|fjwfg ;lxt a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] 5fglag, ;To lg¿k0ftyf d]nldnfk cfof]u;DaGwL k|lt:yfkg cWofb]z hf/L eof] . !* kf}if @)&! sf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nfn]cWofb]zsf cfddfkmL, kmf}hbf/L cleof]hg, / kmf}hbf/L d'2f btf{ ug{] #% lbg] xbDofb cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, cGt/f{li6«odfkb08x¿ / Gofosf dfGo l;4fGtx¿ ljkl/t ePsf] hgfpFb} pQm cWofb]znfO{ ;f] cg'¿k x'g]u/L kl/dfh{g ug{cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] lyof] .

15 x]g{'xf];\ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{nosf] k|]; jQmJo, æg]kfnM uDeL/ dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gx¿df cfddfkmL lbg] gofF k|of;sf lj?4 lkn]sf] r]tfjgL,Æ May 14, 2014, www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14510&LangID=E; pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no ;dfrf/ lj1lKt, æg]kfnM ;Tosf] vf]hL;DaGwL sfg'gn] b08xLgtfnfO{ yk dha"t agfpg] vt/f, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo ljz]if1x¿n] ;r]t u/fP,Æ July 4, 2014,www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/NewsSearch.aspx?NTID=PRS; hjfkmb]xLtf lgu/fgL ;ldlt (AWC),k|]; jQmJo , May 13 and July 13, 2014, oxfF pknAw 5 http://twitdoc.com/view.asp?id=138379&sid=2YRV&ext=PDF&lcl=AWC-press-statement-on-TRC-Act-.pdf&usr=TJNepal&doc=225571118&key=key-USvPqtg2z4Qnb0iaL07J / http://twitdoc.com/view.asp?id=145489&sid=349D&ext=PDF&lcl=AWC-Statement-13-Jul-2014-ENG-.pdf&usr=TJNepal&doc=233952959&key=key-1oxhIFKDGj05eI8Y5jcE;æa]kQf kfl/Psf JolQm 5fglag tyf ;To lg¿k0f / d]nldnfk cfof]u;DaGwL ljw]osdf åGåkLl8t ;d'bfosf]rf;f]Æ, April 27, 2014, Himalayan Times df l/kf]6{ ul/Psf], www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Conflict+victims+concerned+over+endorsed+Bill&NewsID=413026); / æa]kQf kfl/PsfJolQmx¿sf] 5fglag / ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u;DaGwL ljrf/flwg P]gdf åGåkLl8tx¿sf] uDeL/ rf;f],ÆMay 10, 2014.

16 x]g{'xf];\ cfOl;l6h]sf ;To / :d[lt sfo{qmdsf lgb]{zs P8'jf8f]{ uf]Ghfn]h s'Pef sf] ljrf/, æ;To elgof];\M ;Tocfof]un] ;a} ;Ldfx¿sf afjh't klg kLl8tx¿nfO{ /fi6«sf ;fd' pgLx¿n] s;/L kL8f ef]u] eGg] s'/f eGg] Kn]6kmd{ k|bfg ug{' kb{5,Æ May 21, 2014, www.ekantipur.com/2014/05/21/opinion/truth-be-told/389837.html.

17 a]kQf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] 5fglag, ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u P]g, bkmf @#, kl/k"/0fsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ .


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jf kmf}hbf/L cg';Gwfgsf] ¿kdf æsf/afxLÆsf] l;kmfl/; ug{] clwsf/ k|fKt ;+oGqsf ¿kdf :yfkgf x'g] ;To cfof]un] ;Daf]wg ug]{ egL atfPsf 5g\ . a]kQf tyf ;To cfof]u P]gsf cg';f/, a]kQf cfof]u/ ;To cfof]un] l;kmfl/; u/]sf d'2fx¿sf] cleof]hgsf nflu Pp6f ljz]if cbfntsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . of] cfwf/df Ps kl5sf csf{ ;/sf/x¿n] !,@)) eGbf a9L h;df w]/} h;f] åGå;Fu ;DalGwtkmf}hbf/L d'2fx¿sf] cg';Gwfg lkmtf{ ug{ cfb]z lbPsf 5g\ .18 of] l9nfO tyf d'2f lkmtf{sf] PsLs[t c;/n] åGå;Fu ;DalGwt ck/fwx¿ ;Daf]wg ug{] ;/sf/sf] tTk/tf;DaGwL cfTdljZjf;df X|f; cfpg, Gofokflnsfsf] :jtGqtfdf cfFr k'Ug, / g]kfndf b08xLgtf yk df}nfpgsf nflu k/]sf] 5 .

o;}u/L, åGåsfndf w]/}h;f] dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gdf lhDd]jf/ /x]sf ;'/Iffanx¿ nufotsf] ;+:yfut ;'wf/ cufl8 a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ nf]stflGqs/0f ug{] egL zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d;+ljwfgdf hgfOPsf] k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ a]jf:tf ul/Psf] 5 .19 ;g\ @)!@ df ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ;'/Iff lgsfo nufotsf clwsf/Lx¿sf] etL{, a8'jf / ;?jf ug]{ qmddf 5fglag ug{sf] nflu sfg'gL k|fjwfgtof/ ug{ u/]sf] cfb]znfO{ cem} sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5}g .20 oxL qmddf dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gdf;+nUg ePsf x'g ;Sg] k|x/L / ;]gfsf ;lGb£w sd{rf/Lx¿ lgjf{w b'j} lgsfodf ;]jf/t g} 5g\ .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 åGå;Fu ;DalGwt dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ ;jfndf ePsf] clxn];Ddsf] ;a}eGbf d"t{ k|ltlqmof xf] . o;n] kLl8tx¿sf] kl/k"/0fsf] clwsf/nfO{;Daf]wg gu/]klg lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfgcGtu{tsf] åGåkLl8tx¿nfO{ /fxt k|bfg ug]{/ k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ k|lta4tfsf] kfngf ug]{ ;jfndf ePsf] klxnf] sbdsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .

cGtl/d /fxtsf] gLltut p2]Zo @)^# d+l;/ df lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] a]nf;Dd åGåsf]] sf/0fn] xflg ef]u]sf hf];'s}nfO{ æcfly{s ;xof]u / /fxtÆ pknAw u/fpg] egL pNn]v ul/Psf]5 .21 ækLl8tx¿Æ eGgfn] xTof ul/Psf, ckx/0fdf k/]sf, ank"j{s a]kQf kfl/Psf, lj:yflkt ePsf, jf ;DklQsf] Iflt ef]u]sf JolQm tyf ltgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ egL kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 .22 of] kl/efiffn] oftgf, anfTsf/ / cGo of}ghGo lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ alxisf/ u/]sf] 5 .

km]a|'c/L @)!$ ;Dddf cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t hDdf !@*,$@$ cfj]bgx¿nfO{ of]Uo 7flgPsf] lyof] / hDdf ?= #=^% c/a -em08} #^=% ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/_ cfly{s ;xfotf:j¿k ljt/0f ul/Psf]5 .23 o;df d[tssf cfkmGtx¿n] kfPsf Psd'i7 /sd -!$,@)! n] k|fKt u/]sf_Ù ljwjfx¿sf nflu -of]Uo 7flgPsf (,))) dWo]] $,%%@ n] k|fKt u/]sf_ / a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf >LdtLx¿sf nflu-!,))) of]Uo 7flgPsf]df ̂ $* n] k|fKt u/]sf_ k|ToIf cfly{s ;xof]uÙ tLg hgf;Dd afnaflnsfx¿sf

18 x]g'{xf];\ 6«fon ;d]t, æg]kfnsf] bf]>f] cBfjlws k|ltj]bgsf] ;jfndf dfgjclwsf/ ;ldltsf] nflu k|Zgx¿sf]

;"rL u|x0f ug{sf nflu lnlvt hfgsf/L (CCPR/C/NPL/2)Æ (April 2013), www.trial-ch.org/fileadmin/user_

upload/documents/CAJ/Nepal/NEPAL_REPORT_to_HRC_TRIAL.pdf.19 lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf, wf/f $=&, / efu @), cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#, ;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yf, wf/f !$$ -#–$_ .20 ;'lgn /Ghg l;+x / lbk]Gb| emf lj?4 k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqLkl/ifbsf] sfof{no ;d]t, l/6 g+= )^&–WO–!!(*, @*

>fj0f @)!@, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt . b'O{hgf clwjQmfx¿n] åGåsfndf wg'iff lhNnfsf kfFr hgf ljBfyLx¿nfO{ank"j{s a]kQf kfg{] sfo{ / To;kl5sf] xTofdf ;+nUg ePsf] cfzª\sf ul/Psf s'j]/ l;+x /f0ffsf] g]kfn k|x/Lsf]dxflgl/Ifs kbdf ePsf]] kbf]GgtL lkmtf{ ug{ dfu ub{{} ul/Psf] l/6 lgj]bgsf] hjfkmdf cbfntn] ;f] cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] lyof] .

21 cGtl/d /fxt b:tfj]h, !# j}zfv @)^% .22 cGtl/d /fxt b:tfj]h, ædlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ åGåkLl8tx¿nfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u / /fxt;DaGwL pkfox¿Æ,

!# j}zfv @)^% . 23 /fxt tyf k'g:yf{kgf OsfOn] @$ df3 @)&) df cfOl;l6h]sf] cg'/f]wdf lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ .

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nflu 5fqj[lQ -*,))) eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿n] nfe lnPsf_Ù æcËeËÆ ePsfx¿nfO{ Psd'i7 ;xfotf -of]Uo 7flgPsf ;a} *,!(! n] k|fKt u/]sf_Ù / 6'x'/f afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u -of]Uo7flgPsf ;a} ^@) n] k|fKt u/]sf_ kb{5g\ . o;df ;a}eGbf w]/} ;ª\Vofdf cGtl/d /fxt k|fKt ug]{x¿dfåGåsfndf lj:yflktx¿ / ;DklQ u'dfPsf jf ;DklQ Iflt ePsf JolQmx¿ kb{5g\ .24

h'nfO{ @)!! b]lv of]Uo åGåkLl8tx¿n] cGtl/d /fxtcGtu{tsf] /f]huf/ tyf :j/f]huf/ -ESES_sfo{qmaf6 klg nfe lnPsf 5g\ h;cGtu{t ;Lk ljsf; tflnd / /f]huf/Ldf nfUg] h:tf s'/fx¿kb{5g\ .25 %$ lhNnfdf nfu" ul/Psf] of] of]hgfn] ljleGg ;Lkx¿sf af/]df !$,&&) JolQmx¿nfO{tflnd lbPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .26 oL tflndx¿ kZrft sltn] ;kmntfsf ;fy /f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ jf cfˆg} lghL Joj;fo ;'?cft u/]sf 5g\ eGg] af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L pknAw 5}g .

;/sf/n] cui6 @)!# df cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] clGtd cjoj dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jf sfo{qmdsf] nflu lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s >f]t pknAw ePsf] cj:yfdf ;g\ @)!$ sf] cGTo;Dddf of] sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ nIf /flvPsf] 5 .27 of] sfo{qmd æåGå k|efljt JolQmx¿ÆnfO{ ljleGg vfn] dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jf / ;xof]u k|bfg ug{sf] nflu th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . h;cGtu{t,;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;fdfGo ;]jfx¿ h:t} ;dsIfL ;xof]uL ;d"xx¿, / kl/jf/df k'gM3'nldn x'gsf]nflu tflndb]lv lnP/ a9L uDeL/ dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofdf /x]sfx¿ / ljz]if cf}ifwf]krf/ ;]jf tyfbL3{sfnLg ;xof]usf] cfjZostf ePsfx¿nfO{ ljz]if ;]jfx¿ kb{5g\ .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd cNksfnLg k|ltlqmofsf b[li6sf]0fdf t'ngfTds ¿kdf l56f] k|bfg ul/Psf] /pkof]uL ePsf] eP klg o;nfO{ cjwf/0fut, ;f/e"t, / k|lqmofut cfwf/df cfnf]rgf ul/Psf] 5 .cfwf/e"t ¿kdf, cGtl/d /fxtn] ;]jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ g t dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf kLl8tsf] ¿kdfJojxf/ ub{5 g oL pNnª\3gx¿df /fHosf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] :jLsf/ g} ub{5 -/fHo cfkm}+n] pNnª\3g u/]/jf c¿n] pNnª\3g ug{ nfu]sf]df g/f]s]/_Ù28 tyflk, clwsf/sf] pNnª\3g ePsf] lyof] / o;af6 x'g]]

24 cGtl/d /fxtsf nflu tYofª\s ;ª\sngdf ;xof]u ug{ zflGt dGqfnocGtu{t :yfkgf ul/Psf] OsfO åGåk|efljt JolQm–kl/jf/ tyf ;+/rgfsf] nut ;ª\sng sfo{bnsf] tYofª\scg';f/ &(,%&! lj:yflkt kLl8tx¿ /!&,$*$ ;DklQ u'dfPsf jf ;DklQdf Iflt k'u]sf kLl8tx¿n] /fxt k|fKt u/] . æsfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bgÆ -g]kfnLdf_

http://116.90.236.110/cms/victims/reports/reportExternal.php.25 ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf kLl8t ePsf JolQmx¿sf] nflu /f]huf/L÷:j/f]huf/L ;]jf ;~rfng ug{] lgb]{lzsf @)^&

-@)!!_ .26 s[lif, d]sflgS;, l;sdL{, lzNk snf, ko{6g, s]zk|zfwg÷;f}Gbo{, l;nfOa'gfO, Sof6/LË h:tf If]qx¿df ;Lkd"ns

tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . 27 dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jf ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf @)&) -@)!#_ .

28 pNnª\3gx¿df /fHo tyf ljb|f]xL kIfx¿sf] t'ngfTds lhDd]jf/Lx¿sf] lj:t[t hfgsf/L lbg oxfF ;Dej5}g, / Pp6f 5f]6s/L ;f/f+zn] kof{Kt x'G5 . u}//fHo kIfaf6 ePsf pNnª\3gx¿df /fHosf] lhDd]jf/Lplrt Jojxf/ / ;+/lIft clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ug{df ;a} d'gfl;a sbdx¿ rfNg];DaGwL k|Zgdf ;Lldt/xG5 . -pbfx/0fsf nflu x]g'{xf];\, lqml:6g lrlGsg, æ;fj{hlgs÷lghL cfofdsf] cfnf]rgf,oxfF, 10(2)

EUR. J. INT’L L. 387 (1999), n'OuL sG8f]/]nL, cGt/f{li6«o cftÍjfbsf sfo{x¿df /fHox¿sf] ;DaGw, 19 ISR. Y.B. H.R. 233, 241–42 (1989); / o'/f]k]nL dfgjclwsf/ cbfntsf] u|fG8 RofDa/sf] lg0f{odfNbf]eg lj?4 ?dflgof, -g+ @_ h'nfO{ !@, @))%, cg'R5]b (#–(*_ . csf]{ tkm{, lab|f]xL kIfx¿ hf]kl5 ;Qfdf cfpFb5g\ pgLx¿ ljb|f]xL ePsf a]nfdf ltgn] u/]sf pNnª\3gdf pgLx¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg ;lsg] 5 -/fHosf] bfloTj;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o sfg'g cfof]usf] d:of}bf wf/f !) -@_Ù cfTnd, æ/fli6«o:jtGqtf cfGbf]ng / cGt/f{li6«o bfloTj,Æ Pd l:kg]8L / la= ;Ldf -;Dkflbt_, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf] /fHosf] lhDd]jf/L;DaGwL ;+lxtf -!(*&_ k]h #%–%^__, t/ pgsf] c8fgdf klg s]xL ;Defljt sdLsdhf]/Lx¿/x]sf 5g\ -x]g{'xf];\ z6{ lj?4 O/fg, !(*& O/fg–;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf CTR, ^&_ . cfOl;l6h]sf] wf/0ffs] 5 eg] g]kfn h:tf] o'4/t b'j} kIfn] dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3g u/]sf tyf åGåsf] ;dflKt kl5 b'j} kIfn]


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kl/0ffdsf] Ifltk"lt{ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L /fHodf lglxt x'G5 eGg] cfwf/df kl/k"/0fnfO{ a'lemg' kb{5 .

of] sfo{qmdsf] th'{dfnfO{ klg w]/} cfnf]rgf ul/Psf] 5, vf;ul/ c;dfgtf / s'g} vf; ;d"xsfkLl8tx¿ ljz]iftM dlxnfx¿nfO{ alxisf/ u/]sf] ;jfndf . ;'?df d[tssf kl/jf/ / ank"j{s a]kQfkfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw nfex¿sf] aLrdf ePsf] c;dfgtfnfO{ kl5 ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] lyof] / a]kQfsf >LdtLx¿ / d[tssf xsdf ljwjfx¿nfO{ a/fa/ Psd'i7 /fxt /sd e'QmfgLsf];'lglZrt ul/Psf] lyof] . oBlk, Hofb} sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf ePsf / ;xof]usf] cfjZostfdf /x]sfw]/} kl/jf/x¿n] ;'?df d[tssf kl/jf/nfO{ lbOPsf] a9L gub nfe cfkm"n] klg k|fKt ug{sf nflu egL a]kQf kfl/Psf cfˆgf cfkmGtx¿nfO{ d[t 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP .

oftgf, anfTsf/ / cGo n}ª\lus tyf of}ghGo lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿sf] alxis/0fnfO{ eg] cem} ;RrfOPsf]5}g . l;4fGttM zf/Ll/s rf]6 emNsfpg] cj:yf ePdf cf}ifwf]krf/df vr{ ePsf] /sdsf] k'ge'{QmfgLul/g] eGg] ckfËtf jf czQmtf;Fu ;DalGwt cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf k|fjwfgx¿n] oftgfkLl8tx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sb5 .29 oBlk, jf:tjdf sdhf]/ 9Ëdf NofOPsf] of] gLltn] tYout 9Ëdf g} ;a} geP klgw]/} h;f] oftgfkLl8tx¿nfO{ alxlis[t u/]sf] 5 lsgeg] of] ;'ljwf cf}ifwf]krf/ k|fKt gu/]sfx¿nfO{pknAw 5}g, g]kfn aflx/ uP/ cf}ifwf]krf/ u/fPsf kLl8tx¿n] klg of] ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ -g]kfn leq pkrf/ u/fPsf] vr{ dfq k'ge{'QmfgL ul/G5_, / aLn jf cf}ifwf]krf/ k|fKt u/]/ vr{ ePsf] hgfpg]k|df0fhGo sfuhx¿ gePsf jf ;f] sfuhftx¿ x/fPsf JolQmx¿n] klg of] nfe xfFl;n ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .anfTsf/ / cGo of}lgs tyf n}ª\lus lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿ vf;df cem a9L df/df 5g\ lsgeg] nfh/ ;fdflhs snª\ssf] 8/n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;xfotfsf] vf]hL ug{df klg lgs} sl7gfO x'g] ub{5 . ;fy}pgLx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] rf]6 / åGå;Fu ;DalGwt ck/fwx¿sf] aLrsf] ;DaGw :yflkt u/fpg n}ª\lus/ of}lgs lx+;fsf c;/x¿sf af/]df tflndk|fKt / ;f] ljifodf ;+j]bgzLn lrsLT;s jf d]l8snsd{rf/Lx¿ gePdf c;Dej k|fo x'G5 .

;fdfGo¿kdf eGg' kbf{ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf nfex¿ oftgfsf bL3{sfnLg c;/x¿ ;Daf]wg ug{ jf kLl8tx¿nfO{ cS;/ cfjZos kg{;Sg] ljz]if1 ;]jf / x]/rfx pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zosf ;fyth{'df ul/Psf] lyPg . o;sf cnfjf, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] ef}lts rf]6x¿nfO{ dfq /fxt lbg]];fF3'/f] b[li6sf]0fn] oftgf tyf of}ghGo lx+;faf6 x'g] dgf];fdflhs c;/x¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ub{}g . ;/sf/n]of] alxis/0fnfO{ gofF th'{df ul/Psf] / sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf /x]sf] dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;xof]usfo{qmddf k'gMbf]xf]¥ofpg'sf ;fy} cem yk a9fjf lbPsf] 5 h;cg';f/ of] dgf];fdflhs ;]jf cGtl/d/fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t of]Uo ePsfx¿nfO{ dfq pknAw 5 .30

cGTodf, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf sfo{ljlwx¿ Psbd} hl6n ePsf], kf/bzL{tfsf] cefj ePsf], ul/a

;Qf / zlQm rnfO/x]sf] kl/j]zdf åGåsf] qmddf b'j} kIfåf/f ePsf] ;a} pNnª\3gx¿nfO{ slDtdf klggLltut / tfls{s lx;fjdf eGg] xf] eg] sfg'gL tj/df /fHosf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] ¿kdf u|x0f ul/g' kb{5 .

29 cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd gLlt b:tfj]h, æåGåkLl8tx¿nfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u / /fxtsf pkfox¿, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] km};nfcg';f/Æ, bKfmf @ æ3fOt]x¿sf nflu cf}ifwf]krf/,Æ !# j}zfv @)^% .

30 cGt/fli6«o cfk|jf;L ;Ë7g -cfOcf]Pd_, h;n] dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf nflusfo{If]q lgb]{lzsf -kmLN8 Dofg'cn_ agfpg] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] lyof], sf cg';f/, oftgf, anfTsf/ /of}lgs tyf n}lËs lx+;fsf kLltx¿n] cfwf/e"t ;fd'bflos ;'ljwfx¿ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\ t/ a9L uDeL/ dfgl;s tyf zf/Ll/s ;d:ofaf6 u'lh|/x]sf / bL3{sfnLg / ljlzli6s[t ;]jf tyf x]/rfx cfjZos kg]{kLl8tx¿nfO{ ljlzli6s[t ;]jf sfo{qmddf l;kmfl/; ug{ eg] pgLx¿ of]Uo x'Fb}gg\ . oftgf Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug{]sfg'gL ;+oGq klg 5 t/ oL af6fx¿ cbfntdf d'2f nfg] qmddf jfbLn] ef]Ug ;Sg] ;Defljt vt/fsf sf/0fjf cbfntx¿n] Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ug{ egL lbPsf cfb]zx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf ePsf] lg/Gt/sf] c;kmntf nufotn] lgik|efjL ePsf 5g\ .

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/ b'u{d Onfsfx¿df a:g] kLl8tx¿sf] kxF'rdf sl7gfO ePsf], jf lnË, hft, hghflt, jf sdhf]/cfly{s x}l;ot ePsf kLl8tx¿n] yk Jojwfg Efm]Ng'k/]sf nufot cfwf/x¿df cfnf]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . ljz]iftM dlGqkl/ifb\–kfl/t lgb]{lzsfx¿df lgj]bg lbg / nfe k|fKTf ug{sf nflu /flvPsf lj:t[t/ ljleGg tx–txdf k'/f ug{' kg{] cfjZostfx¿ åGåkLl8tx¿n] ;]jf k|fKt ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg d2tk'Ug]u/L th{'df ul/Psf lyPgg\ .31

31 cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] rf;f]sf af/]df lj:t[t¿kdf yfx kfpgsf nflu, x]g{'xf];\, cfOl;l6h], æ/fxtb]lv kl/k"/0f;DdM kLl8tx¿sf] cfjfhsf] ;'Gf'jfOÆ -@)!!_, https://ictj.org/publication/relief-reparations-listening-voices-victims, / P8\ef]s];L kmf]/d, ælje]b / clgoldttfMg]kfnsf] cGtl/d /fxtsf] b'vMb syfÆ -@)!)_,http://advocacyforum.org/downloads/pdf/publications/Discriminations_and_Irregularities_A_painful_tale_of_Interim_Relief_in_Nepal.pdf


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#= cg';Gwfg ljlw

cWoog ul/Psf] hg;ª\Vofsf] ljj/0f

of] cg';Gwfgdf b'O{ d'Vo k|s[ltsf ;xefuLx¿n] efu lnPsf lyPM !_ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf ;'ljwfx¿sf nflu of]Uo ePsf / ;f]af6 nfeflGjt åGåkLl8tx¿, / @_ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmddf ePsf]gLltut alxis/0fsf sf/0f o;af6 nfe lng g;s]sfx¿ . æcGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf nfeflGjtx¿Æsf]km/flsnf] bfo/fdf /x]sf ;xefuLx¿df åGåsfndf cfkmGtx¿ dfl/Psf jf ank"j{s a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o tyf glhssf gft]bf/x¿ kb{5g\ . æcGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt gePsfx¿ÆcGtu{tsf ;xefuLx¿df oftgf ef]u]sf k'?if / dlxnf kLl8tx¿ lyP . dlxnf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ vf;dfpgLx¿n] ef]u]sf] anfTsf/ jf cGo n}ª\lus tyf of}lgs lx+;fsf cfwf/df 5gf]6 ul/Psf] lyof], oBlk pgLx¿dWo] w]/}h;f]n] cltl/Qm oftgf, b'Jo{jxf/ jf dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLx¿ klg ef]u]sf lyP . of]dfkb08 rog ug{'df, cf+lzs ¿kdf, k4ltut r'gf}tLsf] sf/0f -tn x]g'{xf];\_ klg /x]sf] lyof], t/ o;sf] p2]Zo eg] a]jf:tf ul/Psf oL kLl8t¿sf] b[iotf a9fpg' / pgLx¿n] ef]u]sf xflgx¿ / ;f]af6l;lh{t pgLx¿sf cfjZostfx¿ / Gofosf nflu pgLx¿n] /fv]sf ck]Iffx¿sf af/]df lj:t[t a'EfmfOxfFl;n ug{' /x]sf] lyof] .

cg';Gwfgdf ;xefuL ePsf $!) åGåkLl8tx¿df @&$ hgf cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf nfeflGjtx¿ -!@$ dlxnf tyf !%) k'?if_, df !!$ hgf k'?if oftgfkLl8t / @@ hgf dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿ lyP ./fHo / dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 ePsf uDeL/ ck/fw, / blnt tyf hghflt ;d'bfosf kLl8tx¿aLrdf;Gt'ng vf]Hg] k|of; klg ulPsf] 5 . ;fy}, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ jf kLl8tx¿nfO{ cGo;xof]u ug{df ;xefuL ePsf lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;/f]sf/njfnfx¿;Fu klg cGtjf{tf{lnOof] . logdf :yfgLo ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ / :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf k|ltlglwx¿32 tyf s]xL lglZrtu}/;/sf/L ;Ë7g -u};;_33 x¿ klg ;dfj]z 5g\ .

of] cg';Gwfgdf !) lhNnfsf ;xefuLx¿n] efu lnPsf lyP M l;/fx / pbok'/ -k"j{f~rn_Ù wg'iff /sfe|] -dWodf~rn_Ù afun'ª / slknj:t' -klZrdf~rn_Ù alb{of, h'Dnf / /f]Nkf -dWoklZrdf~rn_ /sGrgk'/ -;'b'/ klZrd_ . oL lhNnfx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf, d'Vo /fhgLltsk|zf;lgs -k"j{b]lv klZrd_ If]qx¿, ef}uf]lns If]qx¿ -lxdfn, t/fO{, kxf8_, / åGån] ;a}eGbf a9L

32 :yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt -Pnlkl;_ x¿nfO{ ;g\ @))^ df lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ePkl5 :yfgLo :t/dfzflGt k|lqmofnfO{ ;3fpgsf nflu c:yfoL ;+oGqsf ¿kdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyP . /fhgLlts bnx¿, gful/s;dfh, / kLl8tsf k|ltlglwx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿ ;dfj]z x'g] of] lhNnf :t/sf] clgjf{lrt lgsfo xf] . cGtl/d /fxtsfo{qmddf logsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /Xof] h;df oL lgsfox¿n] lgj]bsx¿sf] of]Uotfsf] kl/If0f u/] / lhNnf k|d'vclwsf/LnfO{ l;kmfl/; u/] .

33 pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ k|ltj]bgdf lj:t[t ¿kdf p4/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

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k|efljt If]qx¿ cflbnfO{ ;s];Dd w]/} k|ltlglwTj x'g]u/L 5gf]6 ul/Psf] 5 . of] 5gf]6 k|lqmofdfåGåkLl8t g]tfx¿, dfgjclwsf/ ;Ë7gx¿, / gful/s ;dfhsf cGo g]tfx¿sf] pkl:yltn] ;xefuLx¿klxrfg ug{ / cfjZos k/]df s'g} cGo ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿ pNn]v ug{ ;xof]u ePsf] lyof] .

k|To]s lhNnfdf pQ/bftfx¿ klxrfg ug{ / pgLx¿sf] ;xefuLtfdf ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0f ug{sf nflucfOl;l6h] / s[kf;Fu Ps hgf æåGåkLl8t ;xhstf{Æ n] sfd u/]sf lyP . sfe|]df eg] b'O{ hgf;xhstf{x¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/fOPsf] lyof] . w]/} h;f] ;xhstf{x¿ pgLx¿ cfkm}+ åGåkLl8tx¿ lyP, oBlkof] cg';Gwfgdf pgLx¿n] pQ/bftfsf] ¿kdf eg] efu lnPsf 5}gg\ . ;a} ;xhstf{x¿ lhNnf :t/df;lqmo ¿kdf lqmofzLn 5g\ / sltko cj:yfdf t pgLx¿n] kLl8t ;Ë7gx¿sf] g]t[Tj klg u/]sf 5g\/ :yfgLo ;d"xdf sfd u/]sf] j[xt cg'ejsf ;fy} KfLl8t ;+hfndf /fd|f] ;Dks{ :yflkt klg u/]sf 5g\ ./fli6«o :t/sf kLl8t g]t[Tjx¿;Fu} oL ;xhstf{x¿;Fu cg';Gwfgsf] th{'df ubf{, lgisif{sf] ljZn]if0f /JofVof ubf{ / l;kmfl/;x¿ n]Vg] qmddf yk k/fdz{ ul/Psf] lyof] . -;xefuLx¿sf] yk ljj/0fsf nflukl/lzi7 æcÆ x]g'{xf];\ _

cg';Gwfgsf nflu 5gf]6 ul/Psf] !) lhNnfx¿sf] gSzf

KAPILVASTUKAPILVASTU

cg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿

cg';Gwfg k|Zgx¿df 5nkmn ug{sf nflu cfOl;l6h] / s[kfn] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf rf/ j6f u'0ffTdscg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿sf] ljsf; u/]sf lyP h;nfO{ tn ;ª\If]kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cg';Gwfg th{'df/ sfof{Gjogsf] yk ljj/0f kl/lzi6 cf df / cg';Gwfg k|Zgx¿ cgnfOgdf oxfF pknAw 5 M www.

ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf

• dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿;Fusf] lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{ -In-depth interviews (IDI)_ .

• lhNnf :t/sf ;/sf/L / u};;sf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu ul/Psf] cw{;+/lrt cGtjf{tf{ -Semi-structured interviews (SSI)_ .

• nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog -Focused Ethnographic Study (FES)_, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿ / oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿sf] k|fyldstf tyf?lrx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt 9Ëaf6 cfÍng ug{sf nflu Ps k|sf/sf] b|'t d'Nofª\sg k|lqmof .

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pbok'/l;/fxf

wg'iff


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• syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn -Narrative focus group discussions (NFGD)_, sfNklgs syf / ;f] syf;Fu ;DalGwt k|Zgx¿ k|of]u u/]/ 5nkmn ug{] ljlw . of] ljlwcGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿ / oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf]ljz]if cg'ej;Fu ;fGble{s x'g]u/L km/s km/s syfx¿dfkm{t k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . syfx¿ tLghgf kfqx¿sf af/]df s]lGb|t 5 h;sf] ;f/f+z tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . -k'/f hfgsf/Lsfnflu, x]g{'xf];\ kl/lzi6 cf_

!_ dfOnL -cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnfx¿sf] syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] syf_ . dfOnL Pshgf #) jif{ pd]/sL ul/a / b'[u{d ufpFsL dlxnf x'g\/ pgsf >Ldfg\\ @)^) ;fnb]lv a]kQf kfl/Psf] 5 . dfOnLn] >Ldfg\sf] cj:yf kQf nufpgu/]sf ljljw k|of;sf afah't klg pgsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df clxn];Dd s'g} hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . dfOnLsf] :jf:Yo klg sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 . oBlk pgL / pgsf aRrfx¿ OF6\6fsf/vfgfdf sfd ub{5g\ . pgL;Fu} al;/x]sf pgsf ;f;' ;;'/fn] pgLx¿sf] 5f]/f a]kQf kfl/g'sf]cf/f]k dfOnLnfO{ nufpFb5g\ . pgnfO{ ;dfhn] alxisf/ u/]sf] 5 / sfddf klg pgn] k'?if;xsdL{x¿åf/f pTkL8g ef]Ug' kb{5 .

@_ ;fOFnf -cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt k'?ifx¿sf] syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nKfmnsfnflu tof/ ul/Psf] syf_ . ;fOFnf Pshgf %) jif{sf ul/a / b'u{d ufpFdf a;f]jf; ug{] JolQmx'g\ . :s'ndf k9fpg] sfd ug]{ pgsf] cljjflxt 5f]/f]nfO{ @)^) ;fndf a]kQf kfl/of] . clxn]!) jif{ lalt;Sof] t/ pgsf] 5f]/fsf] cj:yf yfxf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . tyflk ;fOFnfn] pgsf]af/]df vf]hL hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ . ;fOFnfsL >LdtL pgLx¿sf] 5f]/f a]kQf x'g'df pgLx¿sf] cfˆg}efUonfO{ bf]if lblG5g\ / pgL la/fdL tyf dfgl;s ¿kdf pbf; / b'MvL l5g\ .

dfOnL / ;fOFnf b'j}n] åGåkLl8tn] /fxt kfpg] s'/f yfxf kfP . d[tssf kl/jf/n] eGbfa]kQfsf kl/jf/n] sd /fxt kfpg] s'/fdf a]v';L ePklg pgLx¿ b'j}n] /fxt k|fKt ug{sf nflu lgj]bg lbP . b'j} hgfnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/L sd{rf/L / l5d]sLx¿n] pgLx¿sf cf–cfˆgfcfkmGt d[t 3f]if0ff u/L lgj]bg lbPdf a9L /sd Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt x'G5 egL ljZj:t kf/] /pgLx¿n] To;} u/] . ;/sf/n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd kl5 s] ug]{ eGg] af/]df k/fdz{ klgu/]sf] lyof], t/ dfOnL / ;fOFnf b'j}nfO{ of] k/fdz{sf] af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L 5}g / pgLx¿n] of]k/fdz{df efu klg lnPsf 5}gg\ .

#_ sfOFnf -k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf]syf_ . sfOFnf Pshgf k|fylds txsf lzIfs x'g\ / pgL cfˆgf] kl/jf/;Fu Pp6f b'u{d /ul/a ufpFdf a:b5g\ . @)%( ;fndf pgnfO{ s]xL xltof/wf/L JolQmx¿n] lgoGq0fdf lnP/nu]sf lyP / gfd gv'n]sf] s'g} :yfgdf pgnfO{ em08} !) lbg aGbL agfP/ /flvPsf] lyof] .pgnfO{ ToxfF s'6\g], pTkL8g ug]{ / Hofg lng] wDsL ;d]t lbOPsf] lyof] . kl5 pgnfO{ ;8slsgf/fdf NofP/ kmflnPsf] lyof] . pgn] s]xL cf}ifwf]krf/ u/fP t/ yk pkrf/ u/fpg] pgsf]cfly{s cj:yf 5}g . sfOFnfsL >LdtL a}+sdf lwtf] /flvPsf] hUuf a}+sn] lnnfd ul/lbg]s'/fdf Psbd} lrlGtt l5g\ / lbgk|ltlbg yk j]r}g alg/x]sL l5g\ . pgnfO{ cGtl/d /fxtsfo{qmdcGtu{t pgLx¿n] lgj]bg lbg ;Sb5g\ egL s;}n] ;Nnfx lbPsf lyP t/ sfOFnfn]cf}ifwf]krf/ k|fKt u/]sf sfuhftx¿ ;a} x/fO;s]sf 5g\ / pgL;Fu cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sfzf/Ll/s rf]6 cflbnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{] c? s'g} sfuhft klg 5}g . cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdkZrft s] ug{] eGg] ljifodf ;/sf/n] k/fdz{x¿ ul//x]sf] 5 t/ sfOFnfnfO{ o;sf] af/]df s]xLhfgsf/L 5}Gf / pgn] o:tf] s'g} sfo{qmddf efu lnPsf klg 5}gg\ .

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cg';Gwfgsf ;Ldf tyf r'gf}tLx¿

of] k|ltj]bgsf nflu ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg g]kfndf !) jif{] åGån] c;/ kf/]sf &# lhNnfx¿dWo]] !) lhNnfdf dfq} / dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf xhf/f}+ kLl8tx¿dWo]]af6 Pp6f ;fgf] gd'gfdf dfq ul/Psf]lyof] . k|of]hgfTds 5gf]6 cfwf/n] lhNnfx¿nfO{ ;s];Dd k|ltlglwd"ns agfpg ;'lglZrt ug{'sf ;fy}cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gdf ;a}eGbf uDeL/ ck/fwx¿sf] k|ltlglwTjsf] klg ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . oBlk, yklj:t[t / k|ltlglwd"ns hfgsf/Lsf nflu eg] cem a9L Jofks / b]zJofkL k/fdz{x¿ u{g' cfjZosx'G5 .

of] cg';GwfgnfO{ c;/ kf/]sf ljz]if ljifox¿df M

• xflg tyf cfjZostfx¿sf] n}ª\lus cWoog . dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿ -anfTsf/÷of}lgstyf n}ª\lus lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿sf] ¿kdf_ 5gf]6 ug{sf nflu to ul/Psf cfwf/x¿n] dfgjclwsf/ b:tfj]hLs/0fsf] dlxnfx¿nfO{ of}lgs lx+;fsf kLl8tsf ¿kdf ;fF3'/f] ¿kdf x]g]{ k|j[lQnfO{ ;anLs/0f ug{] vt/f /x]sf] lyof] . t/ jf:tjdf cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf w]/} h;f]dlxnfx¿n] anfTsf/÷of}lgs tyf n}ª\lus lx+;fsf cnfjf c? pNnª\3gx¿ klg ef]u]sf lyP . ;xefuLx¿sf] 5gf]6sf nflu km/flsnf] cfwf/x¿sf] k|of]u ug{nfO{ kx'Frsf] ;jfnn]klg cj/f]w u¥of] . oBlk, of] cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgdf k|of]u ul/Psf] ;fF3'/f] kl/efiffsf] cfwf/dfdlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿;Fu kx'Fr k|fKt ug{ r'gf}tLx¿ klg /x]sf lyP / nlIft $) dWo]] @@hgf;Fu dfq cGtjf{tf{ ug{ ;kmn eOof] . ;fdfGotM, of] cg';Gwfgdf 5nkmn ;d"xnfO{ lnËsfcfwf/df ul/Psf] ljefhg dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿aLrsf cg'ej / wf/0ffx¿sf] leGgtf u|x0f ug{]s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu k|efjsf/L ePsf] lyof] . tyflk, cg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿n] dlxnf/ k'?ifx¿n] lbPsf km/s hjfkmx¿sf] sf/0fsf] d'NofÍgdf eg] ;Fw} ;dy{g u/]sf lyPgg\ .

• hft / hghfltsf] c;/sf af/]df cg';Gwfg . kLl8tx¿n] ef]u]sf xflgx¿ / tL xflgaf6 >[hgfePsf cfjZostf / cfsfª\Iffx¿df s;/L kLl8tx¿sf hft, hghflt, cfly{s cj:yf,/ /fhgLlts cfa4tfn] c;/ kf/]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] cGj]if0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug]u/L cg';Gwfg;fwgx¿sf] 9fFrf tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . oBlk, of] cg';Gwfg ljlwn] -;do / >f]tsf] sf/0f_ljleGg hft, hghflt / cfly{s cj:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu km/s km/s e]63f6 tyf a}7s ug{eg] ;Dej ePg . cg';Gwfgbftfx¿sf] d'Nofª\sgdf tNnf] hft / s'g} s'g} hghflt, / lgDgcfly{s cj:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ sd :ki6efifL lyP / kl/0ffd:j¿k cg';Gwfgn] pgLx¿sf]ljrf/ / cg'ejnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf ks8\g ;s]sf] 5}g .

• ;fIf/tf :t/ . nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsf] k|efjsfl/tf ;xefuLx¿sf] ;fIf/tf :t/df e/kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf ;'?b]lv g} Vofn ul/Psf] lyof] . jf:tjdf, cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] ;f]r]eGbfpNn]vgLo a9L ;do ;xefuLx¿nfO{ hjfkm n]Vgdf ;xof]u ug{df vr{ u/] h;n] 5nkmnsf] nflu pknAw ;do klg ;Lldt ePsf] lyof] . oBlk oL nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsflgisif{nfO{ log} ljifox¿df ul/Psf] cnu syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn;Fu t'ngf ug{ ;lsG5 . oL b'O{aLrsf] t'ngfnfO{ cem} klg k|efjsf/L 9Ëdf x]g{ ;lsG5 .


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$= åGåsf xflgx¿xTof ul/Psf / a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ / k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿df k/]sf c;/x¿nfO{ syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn / nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog cEof;x¿ -;"rLs/0f / >]0fLs/0fcEof;x¿_sf dfWodaf6 cGj]if0f ul/of] . g[j+zlj1fg cWoog ;qx¿df, pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿n]ef]u]sf xflgx¿nfO{ ;"rLs[t ug{ elgPsf]] lyof] . ;"rLs/0f kZrft k|fKt ePsf kl/0ffdx¿nfO{ To;kl5s'g} Pp6f xflgnfO{ p4[t ul/Psf] cfj[lQ klxrfg ug{, / lghL ;"rLx¿df olb s'g} Pp6f xflg cf};tdf;a}eGbf pRr txdf >]0fLs[t ePdf ltgnfO{ pRr ;fGble{stf jf dxŒj lbP/ xflgx¿sf] k|wfgtfklxrfg ug{sf nflu ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] lyof] . ;"rLs[t xflgx¿nfO{ tLgsf] s7f]/tfsf] cfwf/df >]0fLs[tug{sf nflu bf]>f] cEof; ul/Psf] lyof] . ljifoj:t'x¿df a9L lj:t[t 5nkmnx¿ syfgs nlIft ;d"x5nkmnsf] qmddf ljleGg ;d"xx¿df lgDglnlvt k|Zgx¿df cfwfl/t /x]/ eP M æsyfdf åGåkLl8tx¿ sf] x'g\ < åGåsf sf/0f -;fOFnf, dfOnL jf sfOFnf_ jf cGo kLl8tx¿n] s:tf] k|sf/sf xflgx¿ ef]u]<Ædlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] xsdf eg] lj:t[t / k|ToIf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf] lyof] .

xflgx¿sf] 5nkmnsf] qmddf, pQ/bftfx¿n] cS;/ jf:tljs dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLx¿ / ltgsf]kl/0ffdnfO{ 5'§\\ofPgg\ . ;xefuLx¿sf] jofgnfO{ ;xL 9Ëdf k|ltljlDjt ug{ b'j} vfnsf xflgx¿nfO{ pxL;"rL -/ >]0fLqmd_ df /flvPsf] 5 . oBlk, k|:t't 5nkmn / ljZn]if0fn] åGå;Fu ;DalGwt dfgjclwsf/HofbtLx¿sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k ePsf tyf ;f]xL sf/0fn] a9L uDeL/ ePsf xflgx¿sf af/]df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 lsgeg] log} xflgx¿af6 s:tf] kl/k"/0fsf] cfjZostf kb{5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'G5 .34

pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ ljz]if dfkb08sf cfwf/df 5gf]6 ul/Psf] ePklg -pgLx¿ d[ts jf ank"j{s a]kQf kfl/Psf kl/jf/sf ;b:o, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t nfe k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm, jf oftgfkLl8tdWo]] sf]xL_, w]/}h;f] ;xefuLx?n] k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf dfgjclwsf/ HofbtL ef]u]sf lyP .oftgfkLl8tx¿ To;df klg ljz]ifu/L dlxnf kLl8tx¿df of] pbfx/0f a9L :ki6 b]lvPsf] lyof] -x]g{'xf];\ tn æoftgfkLl8tx¿n] ef]u]sf xflgx¿Æ v08_ h;n] kLl8tx¿nfO{ Pp6f dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf] cfwf/df dfq jlu{s[t ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] wf/0fnfO{ lrb{} cS;/ Pshgf kLl8t JolQmn] ef]Uf]sf ljljwxflgx¿nfO{ klg ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] vfnsf] kl/k"/0f sfo{qmdsf] dxŒjnfO{ ;anLs/0f u/]sf] 5 .

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nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog 5nkmn qmddf, d[ts / a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] kl/jf/x¿n] d'Vo b'O{xflgx¿sf] af/]df atfP M !_ cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] Ps ;b:o -jf Ps eGbf a9L_sf] d[To' jf ank"j{s

34 tYofª\s ;Íng ubf{ b'O{ xflgx¿aLrdf :ki6;Fu km/s 5'§\ofpg a9L ;do nfu]sf] lyof] . 5nkmnnfO{ x:tIf]kug{'eGbf cg';Gwfgbftfx¿n] kl/jf/sf ;b:o u'dfpg' kb{fsf] cg'ej / ToxL syfgsdf klg, bL3{sfnLg kl/0ffdsf]af/]df :jtGq ¿kdf ;xefuLx¿sf] ljrf/ k|jfx ug{ lbg'nfO{ /f]h] .

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a]kQf nufot, t/ olt dfq geO{, åGåsf] qmddf ePsf] zf/Ll/s / dgf];fdflhs HofbtLÙ / @_ oLHofbtLx¿af6 ePsf tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg kl/0ffdx¿ .

k'?if pQ/bftfx¿n] hDdf $# j6f / dlxnf pQ/bftfx¿n] %# j6f xflgx¿nfO{ ;"rLs[t u/]sf lyP .oL xflgx¿df kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf lj¿4 jf sltko cj:yfdf cfkm+}lj?4 klg ePsf] dfgjclwsf/ HofbtL -xTof, ank"j{s a]kQf, oftgf, anfTsf/ nufot_Ù log} xflgx¿;Fu ;DalGwt c;'/Iff jf 8/Ù lj:yfkg, 3/ tyf Joj;fosf] ljgfz, æ3/fo;L d'Nojfg j:t'x¿Æsf] rf]/L h:tf ;DklQ;Fu ;DalGwt xflgÙ a]/f]huf/L / ufF;, jf; tyf skf;sf] kof{Kt Joj:yf ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf nuftsf cfly{s /hLljsf;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿Ù lzIff / :jf:Yo h:tf cfwf/e"t ;]jfx¿ k|fKt ug{df sl7gfOÙ / ;fdflhscj:yf / kfl/jfl/s ;DaGwdf k/]sf gs/fTds c;/x¿ cflb lyP . nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsf];a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ kl/0ffdx¿ tnsf] cfFs8f ! / @ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 h;df ;"lrt hjfkmx¿sf]cfj[lQ / ltgsf] k|wfgtfnfO{ klg bzf{OPsf] 5 .35

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syfgs ;d"x 5nkmndf ;xefuLx¿n] klg p:t} k|s[ltsf] xflgx¿ -xTof jf ank"j{s a]kQf, zf/Ll/s rf]6 jf ckfËtf_, dgf]j}1flgs xflg -dfgl;s cf3ft, dfgl;s u8a8L jf ladf/L_, cfly{s xflg -ul/aL jf cfly{s jl~rtLs/0f / a]/f]huf/L_, ;fdflhs xflgx¿ -:jf:Yodf c;/, afnaRrfsf]lzIffdf vr{ ug{ g;Sg', ;fdflhs snª\s / lje]b_ tyf ;'/Iffdf sdL -eo, k|ltzf]wsf] 8/_ cflbsf]af/]df pNn]v u/] .

dlxnf / k'?if b'j} cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjtx¿sf nflu, xTof, ank"j{s a]kQf, /lj:yfkg !) j6f ;a}eGbf a9L p4[t ul/PdWo]]sf xflgx¿df kb{5g\ / uDeL/tfsf] cfwf/df pRr kfFrxflgx¿dWo]df >]0fLs[t 5g\ . k'?if pQ/bftfx¿n] pgLx¿ cfkm}+df, kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿df jf ;DklQdfePsf] ef}lts xflgx¿nfO{ a9L hf]8 lbg vf]h]sf] b]lvof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu, k'?if pQ/bftfx¿df PsltxfOn] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] ef]u]sf] oftgfsf] pNn]v u/] -#$=* k|ltzt_, Ps rf}yfOn] cfˆgf] 3/ Wj:t ePsf] af/]df s'/f u/] -@*=# k|ltzt_, / kfFr efudf Ps efun] -@!=& k|ltzt_ n] ;DklQsf]Ifltsf] pNn]v u/] . xTof, lj:yfkg, ank"j{s a]kQf, cfkmGtnfO{ lbOPsf] oftgf, / ;DklQsf] gfz jfxflgnfO{ uDeL/tfsf] cfwf/df k'?ifx¿n] qmdz klxnf], bf]>f], rf}yf], kfFrf}+, gjf}+, / bzf}+ :yfgdf /fv]-tn x]g'{xf];\ tflnsf !_ .

dlxnfx¿n] klg o:t} k|s[ltsf] xflgx¿sf] pNn]v u/] t/ of] sd cfj[lQdf / tNnf] >]0fLqmddf/x]sf] lyof] . a?, dlxnfx¿n] cfly{s xflg, cfˆgf afnaflnsfx¿sf] lzIff / enfO;Fu ;DalGwtxflgx¿, tyf ;fdflhs xflgx¿ -x]g{'xf];\ tn æxflgx¿sf] n}ª\lus cfofdÆ_ df a9L hf]8 lbP . of]km/ssf] jf:tljs sf/0fx¿sf] af/]df 5nkmn gul/Psf] eP klg, pgLx¿n] ;fdflhs cfly{s xflgdf a9L hf]8 lbg'sf] sf/0fdf, cf+lzs ¿kdf ePklg, cfˆgf >Ldfg\x¿ u'dfPkl5 cfkm" g} kl/jf/sf] b'O{ 5fs sdfO v'jfpg] l:yltdf k'u]sf] cj:yfdf pgLx¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf ljz]if r'gf}tLx¿ x'g ;Sb5g\ .;xefuLx¿sf hjfkmx¿n] oL HofbtLx¿sf] sf/0f ef]Ug'k/]sf] lg/Gt/ dfgl;s cf3ftx¿nfO{ klg OlËt u/] h'g ank"j{s a]kQf kfg{] sfo{;DaGwL ck/fwsf] xsdf eg] cGt/f{li6«o ljlwzf:qdf o;nfO{ kLl8t cfkmGtdf k'Ug] ;3g dfgl;s kL8f jf tgfjsf] ¿kdf :jLs[t jf dfGotf k|fKt 5 / h'g cfkm}+df 5'§}dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3g x'g k'Ub5 .36 dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf sf/0f dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] af/Daf/æ8/ / qf;Æ sf ;fy} ædfgl;s tgfjdfÆ df a:g' k/]sf] hgfP h;nfO{ cS;/ æoftgfÆ klg elgG5 .

æ8/ / qf;Ædf afFRg' k/]sf] s'/fnfO{ em08} cfwf ;xefuL k'?ifx¿n] p7fP / uDeL/tfdf pgLx¿n] o;nfO{t]>f] >]0fLqmddf /fv], hasL Ps rf}yfO eGbf a9L -@*=# k|ltzt_ n] dfgl;s tgfj -æoftgfÆ_nfO{ cf7f}+ >]0fLdf /fv] . Ps ltxfO dlxnfn] dfgl;s tgfj÷æoftgfÆ ef]u]sf] k|ltj]lbt u/] -#@=( k|ltzt_/ gsf/fTds c;/ jf xflgdf o;nfO{ rf}yf] >]0fLdf /fv] . syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmndf efu lnPsLl;/fxf lhNnfsL Pshgf dlxnfsf] zAbdf, ædfgl;s tgfjn] d s]xL ug{ / st} hfg ;lSbg . o;n]ubf{ d cS;/ la/fdL klg eO/xG5' / uPsf jif{x¿ otf o;n] dnfO{ Hofb} sdhf]/ u/fO/x]sf] 5 .Æ

dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿ b'j}n] jofg u/]sf xflgx¿df uDeL/ cfly{s c;/x¿ klg pRr txdf b]vf k/] .of] cg';Gwfgsf] lgisif{n] åGå;Fu ;DalGwt dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf w]/} kLl8tx¿n] u'h|g'k/]sf] tLI0f ul/aL / cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] of] ul/aL / cGo xflgx¿nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd ;Daf]wg u/]sf] s'/fdflyk|sfz kf/]sf] 5 . Ps ltxfO dlxnf -#$=# k|ltzt_ / Ps rf}yfO eGbf a9L k'?ifx¿n] -@*=# k|ltzt_æufF;, jf; / skf;Æsf] cefjsf af/]df pNn]v u/] . æcfly{s ;d:ofÆ nfO{ klg af/Daf/ pNn]v

36 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo dfgjclwsf/ ;ldltn] pbfx/0fsf nflu æ5f]/LnfO{ a]kQf kfl/Psf] sf/0f / pgsf] cj:yf jfefUol:yltsf] clglZrttfsf sf/0f cfdfdf pTkGg ePsf] dfgl;s cf3ft / tgfjÆ n] a]kQf ePsL dlxnfsLcfdf cfkm}+ klg gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] wf/f & sf] pNnª\3g xf] egL pNn]v u/]sf]5 . o:t} dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gx¿nfO{ cGt/ cd]l/sLo k|0ffnLdf klg o:t} vfn] dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gx¿nfO{dfGotf lbOPsf] 5Ù pbf/0fsf nflu x]g{'xf];\ M Pn]gf s'OG6]/f]; clnd8f / dl/of b]n sf/\d]g clNd8f b] s'Ogt]/f];lj?4 p?Uj], cGt/–cd]l/sL cbfnt, -!(*#_, cg'R5]b !$ .

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ul/of] -#@=( k|ltzt dlxnfn]Ù !&=$ k|ltzt k'?ifn]_ . k'?ifx¿n] /f]huf/L k|fKt ug{df x'g] sl7gfOsfaf/]df klg pNn]v u/] -^=% k|ltzt_ /, dlxnfx¿n] of] s]xL a9L xbdf pNn]v u/] -!$=# k|ltzt_ .dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] cfwf/e"t ufF;, jf; / skf; pknAw u/fpg g;Sg'nfO{ ;ftf}+ pRr xflgdf /fv] /;z:q åGåsf sf/0f pTkGg cGo æcfly{s ;d:ofx¿ÆnfO{ pRr !! xflgx¿df /fv] .

w]/} cj:yfdf klxn]b]lv g} /x]sf sl7gfOx¿nfO{ åGån] emg a9fPsf] lyof] . lj:yfkg / eufOn]cfly{s cj:yfdf cNksfnLg ljz[ª\vng t eof] g} t/ o;n] bL3{sfnLg c;/ klg k'¥ofof] / cemljz]ifu/L åGåcl3 g} ul/aLdf /x]sfx¿nfO{ eg] yk df/df kf¥of] . o;}u/L, xTof jf ank"j{s a]kQfkfl/g] sfo{åf/f ePsf] sdfO u/L Nofpg] d'Vo JolQmsf] Ifltn] klxNo}b]lv gfh's kfl/jf/Ls cfly{s cj:yfdf b'Mvb\ bL3{sfnLg kl/0ffd >[hgf u/]sf] 5 . ;xefuLx¿sf hjfkmn] oL xflgx¿sf] cg'ejdf;f+:s[lts ;Gbe{n] klg k|efj kfg{] s'/f bz{fPsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu cfˆgf] 5f]/f jf 5f]/Lsf]] Ifltsf]c;/nfO{ afa'cfdfx¿n] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ a'9];sfnsf] ;xf/fsf] b[li6sf]0fdf /x]sf] ;fF:s[lts d"No u'dfpg' k/]sf] ¿kdf lnP .

of] oyfy{ / k/Dk/f b'j} xf] ls 5f]/fn] sdfO u5{ / cfˆgf] afa'cfdf / p;sf]5f]/f5f]/Lsf] x]/rfx ub{5 . afa'cfdfn] 5f]/faf6 w]/} cf; klg ub{5g\ / 5f]/f] lagfsf]xfd|f] hLjg a]sf/ x'G5 . 5f]/f ePsf] afa'cfdfn] dfq dfofsf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;Sb5g\/ xfdL pgLx¿sf] dfofnfO{ dx;''; ug{ ;Sb5f}+ .

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dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf] cGtk{':tfut c;/ klg b]lvof] . d[ts tyf a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsfafnaflnsfx¿n] ef]u]sf xflgsf] lg/Gt/ / ;':ki6 pbfx/0f eg]sf] oL afnaflnsfx¿ :s'n 5f8\gafWo x'g' xf] h;n] ;Dk"0f{ gs/fTds kl/0ffd l;h{gf ub{5 / pgLx¿sf] hLjg cj;/x¿dfly g} r'gf}tLv8f ub{5 . afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ lzIff lbIff lbgdf ePsf] sl7gfO dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] uDeL/tf qmddfpRr 5 xflgx¿dWo]df /fv] -k'?ifx¿n] bf]>f] :yfgdf /fv] eg] dlxnfx¿n] 5}7f}+ :yfgdf_ .38 nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog cEof;x¿df, cfwf eGbf a9L dlxnfx¿ -%!=$ k|ltzt_ / Ps ltxfO k'?ifx¿-#@=^ k|ltzt_n] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ lzIff lbgdf ePsf] sl7gfOsf] rrf{ u/] . sltko k'?ifx¿n]æ:s'n lzIffdf g} ?sfj6 jf u8a8LÆ ePsf] egL rrf{ klg u/] -!)=( k|ltzt_ .

olb d]/f] >Ldfg\ hLljt x'g'x'GYof] eg] xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] lhGbuLsf] s'g} klg kIfdf s'g}tgfj jf b'Mv x'g] lyPg . k};f sdfpg] g} pxfF x'g'x'GYof], ToxL EfP/ ca aRrfx¿sf]eljiodf klg Psbd} c;/ k/]sf] 5 . h;/L k9\g' kg{] xf] To;/L s]6fs]6Lx¿n] k9\g};s]sf 5}gg\ . / pgLx¿n] a'afaf6 kfpg] dfof / x]/rfx klg kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

– $@ jif{sL l;/fxf lhNnfsL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

ljz]ifu/L dlxnfx¿n] s]6fs]6Lx¿ 6'x'/f ePsf] -!*=^ k|ltzt dlxnf, $=# k|ltzt k'?if_ /afnaflnsfdf åGån] gs/fTds dgf]j}1flgs c;/ kf/]sf] -!) k|ltzt dlxnf, $=# k|ltzt k'?if_ nufot afnaflnsfx¿df k/]sf] km/flsnf c;/x¿sf] af/]df nuftf/ k'?ifx¿n] eGbf a9L rrf{ ul//x] .

oftgfkLl8tx¿n] ef]u]sf xflgx¿

dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿

lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{sf] qmddf, dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿n] ljleGg xflgx¿sf] af/]df atfP, h;df ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{dWo] of}lgs lx+;f, s'6fO{, 8/qf;, / cGo oftgf, qm"/, cdfgjLo, jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/sfsf/0f pTkGg zf/Ll/s / dgf]j}1flgs rf]6x¿ 5g\ . w]/}n] c? HofbtLx¿ klg ef]u]sf] atfP . Pp6fpbfx/0fdf >Ldfg\nfO{ ank"j{s a]kQf kfl/Psf]Ù csf{]df cfdfsf] ad ljikmf]6df d[To' ePsf]Ù / cGodf;DklQ;Fu ;DalGwt xflgx¿ h:t} n'6kf6 / 3/x¿ Wj:t ePsf] cflbsf af/]df rrf{x¿ eP .

cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf @@ hgf dlxnfx¿dWo], !@ hgfn] cfkm"nfO{ anfTsf/ ul/Psf] atfP -rf/ j6f ;fd"lxs anfTsf/sf 36gfx¿ ;lxt_ . c?n] anfTsf/ k|of; jf cGo k|s[ltsf of}lgs lx+;fx¿ h:t}of}lgs pTkL8g jf x}/fgLsf sfo{x¿, s'6lk6, wDsL, / ufln unf]hx¿af6 kLl8t x'g' k/]sf] atfP .w]/}h;f] 36gfx¿ 3/d} / slxn]sfxLF t afnaRrf nufot kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:ox¿sf ;fd'Gg] g} ePsflyP . tLgj6f 36gfx¿df kLl8tx¿ HofbtLsf] 36gf x'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf aflnsf g} lyP -!), !@, / !%jif{ pd]/sf_ . rf/ hgf pQ/bftfx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ k|x/L jf ;]gfsf] y'gf :yndf, s'g} 36gfdf t dlxgf}+;Ddklg, lx/f;tdf /flvPsf] / ;f] cjlwdf oftgf, of}ghGo lx+;f, s'6lk6 / cGo oftgf / qm"/, cdfgjLo,/ ckdfghgs Jojxf/sf] lzsf/ x'g' k/]sf] egL atfP .

cGo cWoogsf lgisif{x¿;Fu ;dg'¿k x'g]u/L cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf ax';ª\Vos dlxnfx¿n] kL8sx¿ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] atfP .39 gf}j6f 36gfx¿df ;]gfsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] lyof], 5

38 uDeL/tsf cfwf/df :s"n] k9fO{ 6'6\g'nfO{ sf]xL pQ/bftfx¿n] klg pNn]v u/] / o;nfO{ k'?ifx¿n] !# cf}+ /dlxnfx¿n] @^ cf}+ :yfgdf >]0fLs[t u/] .

39 pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{nosf cg';f/, clen]v ul/Psf 36gfx¿n]] ax';ª\Vos of}lgs lx+;fx¿ /fHosf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] u/]sf] OlËt u/]sf] 5 . pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{nosf] d'Nofª\sgdf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] u/]sf of}lgslx+;fsf 36gfx¿ ;+:yfut / Jojl:yt 9Ëdf ePsf lyP jf lyPgg\ eGg] k|dfl0ft ug{ kof{Kt k|df0fx¿

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j6fdf k|x/L, / Pp6fdf dfcf]jfbL lj/f]wL lehnfGt] ;d"x jf ufpF ;'/Iff ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] ;+nUgtf/x]sf] lyof] .40 /fHosf lgsfo jf anx¿nfO{ kL8ssf ¿kdf klxrfg u/]sf ;a} !^ hgf pQ/bftfx¿n] ljZjf; u/] ls pgLx¿ jf pgLx¿sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ g]skf–dfcf]jfbL kf6L{df cfa4 ePsf] zª\sfsf sf/0f pgLx¿nfO{ HofbtLsf nflu nlIft ul/Psf] lyof] . sltkon] pgLx¿sf cfqmd0fsf/Lx¿n]pgLx¿nfO{ df}lvs ¿kd} g]skf–dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf] jf ;xfg'e"lt /fv]sf] df}lvs cf/f]k klg nufP .

pgLx¿ -;]gfsf ;b:ox¿_ d]/f] 3/df k|j]z u/] / dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] af/]df ;f]wvf]hub}}{ d}n] st} dfcf]jfbL t n'sfP/ /fv]sf] 5}g eg]/ s]/sf/ u/] . ha d}n] pgLx¿sf]cf/f]k c:jLsf/ u/] To;kl5 pgLx¿n] ddfly cfqmd0f u/] . kl5 pgLx¿dWo]]sfb'O{ hgf 9f]sflt/ uP / d lrRofpg nfu]kl5 cGon] dnfO{ eOFdf n8fP . pgLx¿n]dnfO{ lgb{otfk"j{s g/fd|/L s'6] . pgLx¿n] d]/f] sk8fx¿ vf]n] / dnfO{ kfn} kfnf]anfTsf/ u/] . anfTsf/ ubf{ klg pgLx¿n] dnfO{ kfzljs tl/sfdf s'6lk6 u/] .

Pshgf k|x/L xfd|f] 3/df b'Ok6s cfof] / xfdLx¿n] aGb's n'sfO /fv]sf] 5 egL;f]Wof] . Ps lbg cfdf kfgL lng hfg'ePsf] / d d]/f] gf} jif{sf] ebf;Fu al;/x]sf]a]nfdf ToxL k|x/L km]/L xltof/x¿sf] af/]df ;f]wvf]h ub{} cfOk'Uof] . p;n] dnfO{vf6lt/ lnP/ uof] / d]/f] sk8f vf]Nof] . p;n] dnfO{ cfqmd0f ug{} nflu;s]sf]lyof] . d æcfdfÛ cfdfÛÆ eGb} lrRofPF . ha p;n] cfdfnfO{ cfpFb} u/]sf] b]Vof]To;kl5 pm efUof] .

tLg cf]6f 36gfx¿df, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf] ;]gf lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] s'/f cfof] . b'O{hgf dlxnfx¿n]d'v'08f] nufPsf dflg;, tyfslyt dfcf]jfbLx¿åf/f cfˆgf] 3/df anfTsf/÷of}lgs cfqmd0fx¿, s'6lk6, wDsL lbg] cflb ul/Psf] atfP eg] t]>f] dlxnfn] cfkm"nfO{ 3/af6 hah{:tL l3;f/]/ lgsfnL k/ hËndf nu]/ rf/ hgf dflg;x¿n] ;fd"lxs anfTsf/ u/]sf] atfOg\ . oL dlxnfx¿n] /fHosf ;'/Ifflgsfox¿sf nflu hf;';L u/]sf] eGg] cfzª\sfsf cfwf/df pgLx¿nfO{ nlIft u/L o:tf] ul/Psf] eGg] ljZjf; u/] .

oL HofbtLx¿sf zf/Ll/s kl/0ffdx¿ uDeL/ 5g\ . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf dlxnfx¿n] anfTsf/ jf cGodfjclwsf/ HofbtLsf] sf/0f pTkGg ljljw zf/Ll/s rf]6 / cj:yfx¿sf] af/]df atfP . h;df,cfª v:g] -5 hgf_, dlxgfjf/L;DaGwL ;d:of -b'O{ hgf_, uef{zof]R5]bg jf kf7]3/sf] zNolqmofsf] cfjZostf -b'O{ hgf_, lx+8\gdf ;d:of -kfFr hgf_, bL3{sfnLg b'vfO jf kL8f, / oftgf jf b'Jo{jxf/sf]sf/0f elgPsf cGo czQmtfx¿ h:t} sfg g;'Gg] -tLg hgf_ / cfFvf b]Vg] zlQm jf b[li6df sdL -b'O{hgf_ nufotsf /x]sf 5g\ . w]/} hgf cf}ifwf]krf/ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}gg\ . sltkon] eg] Hofb} l9nf]ePkl5 / Psbd} w]/} lghL vr{ a]xf]/]/ s]xL pkrf/ u/fPsf 5g\ . 41

dnfO{ k|x/Ln] lx/f;tdf lnPsf] a]nfdf d !$ jif{sL lyPF . of] ;ª\s6sfn 3f]if0ffeP nuQ} xf] . d}n] 7fg]sf] lyPF ls pgLx¿n] dnfO{ l/xf ug{]5g\, t/ dWo /ftdf

pknAw 5}gg\, oBlk dflyNnf] txaf6 ck|ToIf ;xdlt lbOPsf] x'g ;Sb5, h;n] cj;/jfbL of}lgs lx+;fsf nflu b08xLgtfsf] ;+:s[tL df}nfpgdf ;xof]u u/]sf] x'g ;Sb5 . x]g{'xf];\ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no,æ@)!@ g]kfn åGå k|ltj]bgÆ .

40 ufpF ;'/Iff ;ldltx¿, h;nfO{ æk|ltsf/ ;ldltÆ klg eGg] ul/GYof], t/fO{sf sltko lhNnfx¿df /x]sf lyP h;n] g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf lj?4 k|ltlglw k|Tofqmd0f ansf] ¿kdf sfd ub{Yof] . gful/sx¿ /x]sf] of] annfO{ /fHosf;'/Iff lgsfox¿åf/f xltof/ lbg] / tflnd lbg] ul/Psf] lyof] klg eGg] ul/Psf] 5 . x]g{'xf];\, pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no,æg]kfn åGå k|ltj]bgÆ -@)!@_ .

41 anfTsf/sf sf/0f ue{ af]s]sf] jf ue{kft ug'{k/]sf] af/]df s'g} klg pQ/bftfx¿n] pNn]v u/]gg\ . cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf];fgf] ;d"xnfO{ o:tf] geP/ xf] jf pgLx¿n] of] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ grfx]/ xf] o;f] x'g'sf] sf/0f yfx x'g ;s]g .

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pgLx¿n] ddfly cfqmd0f u/] . To;kl5 dnfO{ tLg dlxgf;Dd lx/f;tdf /flvof] .clxn] d]/f s'g} aËf/fx¿ sfd ub{}gg\, of] xft w]/} b'V5 . d]/f] lt3|fdf rSs'n] sf6]/g'g v';f{gL klg blnPsf] lyof] . d]/f] z/L/sf s'g} klg efux¿ /fd|/L sfd ub}{gg\ .clxn] d]/f] cfˆgf] 3/ klg 5}g . d]/f] 3/ ad k8\sfP/ Wj:t kfl/of] . d]/L cfdf klgToxL ljikmf]6df dfl/Og'eof] .

ltgLx¿n] dnfO{ oxfF s'6] -of}gfËlt/ b]vfpFb}_ . d uDeL/ 3fOt] ePF . d}n] 5dlxgf;Dd lbgx'F cf}ifwL ;]jg ug{' k¥of] . rf/ kfFRf jif{kl5 d g]kfnuGh uPF hxfFdnfO{ zNolqmof ug'{k5{ egL eg] . zNolqmof ug{nfO{ krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF nfUof] .

dlxnf pQ/bftfx¿n] b'a{n agfpg] dgf]j}1flgs c;/x¿sf] af/]df klg atfP . oL c;/x¿df pbf;kg-ælg/fzfÆ, æaf]Ng dg gnfUg]Æ, æst} hfg dg gnfUg]Æ_, tgfj -ækL/Æ, ælrGtf ePsf]Æ_, :d/0fzlQmdf Ifo -ælal:f{g yfn]sf]Æ, æxf]; x/fPsf]Æ_, 8/ -æ8/ nfUg]Æ_, / cfTdxŒof;DaGwL ;f]rfOx¿ -ædg{ dg nfUg]Æ, æafFRg dg gnfUg]Æ_ cflbx¿ kb{5g\ . b'O{ hgf dlxnfx¿n] cfTdxŒofsf] af/]df ;f]r]sf] atfP, / Pshgfn] elgg\ ls !) jif{sf] pd]/df slyt ¿kdf dfcf]jfbLx¿af6 anfTs[t ePsL pgsL 5f]/Ln]kl5 cfTdxŒof k|of; u/]sL lyOg\ . w]/} afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿s} ;fd'Gg] cfdfx¿dfly cfqmd0fePsf] b]Vg afWo kfl/Psf] sf/0f w]/}n] cfˆgf afnaflnsfx¿df k/]sf] dfgl;s c;/x¿sf] af/]df klg lrGtf JoQm u/] -æ5f]/f5f]/Lsf] lbdfudf s] c;/ knf{,Æ æ5f]/f5f]/Ln] s] ;f]Rnfg\Æ_ . kof{Kt ;xfotfsf]cefjdf oL dlxnfx¿, / pgLx¿sf kl/jf/x¿sf] kL8f oyfjt /x]sf] 5 .

d of] 36gfkl5 la/fdL k/], / of] ladf/ emg emg g/fd|f] x'Fb} uof] . d}n] tLg rf/ k6ssdnf gbLdf uP/ cfTdxŒof k|of; klg u/]+ . t/ k|To]s k6s cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{;Dem]/ xlRsPF .

klxnf xfd|f] hLjg w]/} /fd|f] lyof] . clxn] d]/f] >Ldfg\ ;Fw} l/;fpg'x'G5 . slxn]sfxLFem'l08P/ jf ljif vfP/ cfTdxŒof u?F h:tf] klg nfU5 . t/ d]/f s]6fs]6Lsf] dfofn]dnfO{ km]/L klg afFRg k]|l/t ub{5 .

k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿

dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLx¿sf sf/0f hf/L b'Mvb\ c;/x¿ k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿df klg :ki6 lyP . cfˆgf]syf eGbf sltko pgLx¿ w]/} efj's / pQ]lht klg eP . sf]xL v'n]/ /f]P eg] s;}n] l/; / cfqmf];JoQm u/] .

;"rLs/0f cEof;df, &% j6f ljleGg lsl;dsf xflgx¿sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] lyof] . oxfF klg, åGåsfnLgzf/Ll/s / dgf]j}1flgs HofbtLx¿nfO{ log} HofbtLx¿sf tTsfnLg jf hf/L zf/Ll/s, dgf]j}1flgs,;fdflhs, / cfly{s kl/0ffdx¿;Fu ldnfOPsf] lyof] .

xTof ul/Psf jf a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/n] ef]u]s} h:tf] pgLx¿n] klg cfly{s xflgx¿, h:t} cfly{s / /f]huf/L;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿Ù ;DklQsf] Iflt jf ljgfzÙ afnaRrfx¿nfO{ lzIff lbg nufotdfsl7gfOÙ / 8/ / qf;df afFRg' kg]{ nufotsf ;'/Iff ;d:of cflbsf af/]df rrf{ u/] . oBlk, dlxnfoftgfkLl8tx¿df h:t} oxfF klg w]/}k6s bf]xf]¥ofOPsf] / pRr >]0fLqmddf /flvPsf] xflgx¿df pgLx¿n]jf:tljs ¿kdf ef]u]sf oftgf jf b'Jo{jxf/sf cg'ejx¿ / To;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k pTkGg ePsftTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg zf/Ll/s / dgf]j}1flgs rf]6x¿ kb{5g\ .

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s]xL b'O{ ltxfO pQ/bftfx¿n] oftgfaf6 ePsf] zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;"rLs[t u/] Mæ:jf:Yo ;d:ofÆ -#(=! k|ltzt_ / ædfgl;s tgfjÆ -#@=^ k|ltzt_ . cfwf eGbf a9L ;xefuLx¿n]zf/Ll/s oftgfsf] cg'ejnfO{ pNn]v u/] . Ps rf}yfO eGbf a9Ln] cf}ifwf]krf/sf] vr{nfO{ -@^=!k|ltzt_ ef]luPsf] xflgx¿dWo]df /fv] . pNn]Vo w]/}n] ;DklQsf] Iflt, cfly{s ;d:ofx¿, / sd/f]huf/L jf j]/f]huf/L nufotsf c? cfly{s xflgx¿nfO{ klg pNn]v u/] . oL xflgx¿nfO{ klg em08}Ps rf}yfOn] ;"rLs[t u/]sf lyP .

xflgx¿nfO{ >]0fLs[t ug]{ qmddf ;a}eGbf uDeL/df zf/Ll/s oftgf, :jf:Yo ;d:ofx¿, dfgl;s tgfj÷oftgf, / cf}ifwf]krf/sf] vr{ -qmdzM klxnf], bf]>f], rf}yf], / kfFrf}_ cflbnfO{ >]0fLs[tul/Psf] lyof] . oBlk, ;DklQsf] Iflt, lj:yfkg, j]/f]huf/L, / cfly{s ;d:ofx¿ nufotsf ;DklQ /hLljsf;DaGwL xflgx¿ klg pRr !) >]0fLqmddf k/] .

nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ em08} 7\ofSs} k|ltWjlgt ub}{ syfgs nlIft ;d"xsf ;xefuLx¿n] æsfOFnfÆsf] syfsf cfwf/df pTkGg ePsf xflgx¿nfO{ / cfkm}+n] ef]usf] oftgfsfcg'ejx¿ h:t} zf/Ll/s cfqmd0f -zf/Ll/s oftgf, æs'6lk6Æ, u}/sfg'gL y'gf / æxt\s8L nufOPsf]Æ,ckx/0f, / xTof_, dgf]j}1flgs xflg -dfgl;s oftgf, dfgl;s cf3ft, ckdfg, cfqmd0f x'g] 8/_,cfly{s xflg -;DklQsf] Iflt, cfuhgL / 3/sf] ljgfz, sfdsf] Iflt cflbsf sf/0f x'g] cfly{ssl7gfO_, / ;fdflhs xflg -afnaRrfsf] lzIffdf cj/f]w, lj:yfkg, kl/jf/x¿sf] lj5f]8, lje]b, /;fdflhs snª\s_sf] ¿kdf klxrfg u/] .

lghL kL8f ef]ufO / kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yfdf k/]sf] c;/ b'j}sf] ;Gbe{df pQ/bftfx¿n] oftgfaf6ePsf zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s rf]6x¿nfO{ hf]8 lbP . afun'ªsf syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf;xefuLsf cg';f/, æxfdLdWo]] w]/}n] sfd ug]{ zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s Ifdtf u'dfO;s]sf 5f}+ . kmn:j¿kxfdLdWo]] w]/}n] hflu/ 5f8\g' k/]sf] 5 .Æ slknj:t'sf csf{ Ps hgfn] pgsf] tLg jif{ nfdf] lx/f;tn]s;/L pgsf] kl/jf/df c;/ kf¥of] eGg] s'/f o;/L atfP M

d 3/df al;/xsf] cj:yfdf dnfO{ k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u¥of] . dnfO{ tLg jif{;Dddfgl;s / zf/Ll/s oftgf lbOof] . dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/sf aLr zflGt ;xdlt ePkl5dnfO{ l/xf ul/of] . ha d 3/ kmls{PF, d}n] kl/jf/nfO{ emg gfh's cfly{s cj:yfdfkfPF . d]/f afnaRrfx¿n] :s'n k9\g hfg klg 5f8]sf lyP .

42 k'/f :f"rLsf] nflu x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL tflnsf % oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf


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tflnsf @ M k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿åf/f xflgsf] >]0fLs/0f43

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u}/sfg'gL y'gf

w]/} pQ/bftfsf cg';f/ cf}ifwf]krf/ vr{n] klxNo}b]lvsf] sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yfnfO{ yk sdhf]/ agfPsf] lyof] . slknj:t'sf Pshgf oftgfkLl8t k'?ifsf cg';f/ -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_ M

dnfO{ ;'/Iff anx¿n] Hofb} g/fd|/L oftgf lbP . pgLx¿n] dnfO{ dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{jf; lbPsf] cf/f]k nufP . dnfO{ uDeL/ rf]6 nfu]sf] lyof] / d}n] rf/ nfv eGbfa9L pkrf/df vr{g' k¥of] . d}n] x]/rfx ug{' kg{] d]/f b'O{6L 5f]/L / rf/ 5f]/fx¿ 5g\ .dnfO{ s;}n] ;/ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5}Gf . ;a} art hlt d}n] pkrf/df ;ls;s] . d caafnaRrfx¿sf] af/]df w]/} lrlGtt 5' . d}n] ca pgLx¿nfO{ s;/L kfNg' / k9fpg' <

c? k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿n] klg afnaRrfx¿sf] af/]df lrGtf JoQm u/] . vf;u/L pgLx¿n] cfkm"n]ef]u]sf] oftgf jf cGo dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf] c;/n] cfˆgf] efjL k':tfsf] enfO tyf pgLx¿sf] k|ult;DaGwL efjL cj;x¿df s;/L c;/ kf/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fdf rf;f] JoQm u/] . alb{ofsf PshgfoftgfkLl8t k'?ifsf cg';f/ -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_ M

d]/f afnaflnsf af]Nb}gg\ . pgLx¿ xfd|f] gfh's cfly{s cj:yfsf sf/0f lg/fzePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ sfd ug{ klg dg nfUb}g . c?nfO{ t'ngf u/]/ pgLx¿ cfkm"nfO{3l6of eG7fG5g\ / xtf]T;flxt x'G5g\ . of] d]/f nflu dfq geP/ afnaRrfx¿sf nfluklg hLjge/Lsf nflu kL8f eof] .

pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ Pp6} dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf] kLl8tsf] ¿kdf dfq km]/L klg k|i6 ¿kdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsPg, g t pgLx¿n] !) jif{sf] åGå cjlwdf dfq ePsf x'g\ egL xflgx¿nfO{ cnu ug{ g} ;s]sflyP . pQ/bftfx¿dWo]sf sf]xLn] cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] xTof jf ank"j{s a]kQf kfl/Psf] jf;DklQsf] Iflt jf ljgfz ul/Psf] klg cg'ej u/]sf lyP . ljz]ifu/L @)^# d+l;/sf] zflGt ;xdltcl3 / kl5 y'k|} /fhgLlts lx+;fx¿ ePsf] slknj:t' lhNnfsf pQ/bftfx¿n] oL ljleGg cjlwx¿dfePsf pynk'ynaf6 ePsf xflgx¿aLrdf ePsf] leGgtfnfO{ v'6\ofpg sl7gfO dx;'; u/] .

xflgx¿sf] n}ª\lus cfofd

dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] w]/}h;f] p:t} xflgx¿sf] af/]df atfPsf eP klg oL b'O{ ;d"xx¿aLrdf s]xLdxŒjk"0f{ leGgtfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ h;nfO{ klxn] ul/Psf cWoogx¿sf lgisif{x¿n] ;anLs/0f u/]sf 5g\ . o;df dlxnfx¿n] ef]Ug' k/]sf cltl/Qm cfly{s af]emx¿ / dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf gsf/fTds

43 >]0fLqmdsf] k'/f :f"rLsf] nflu x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL tflnsf ̂ oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf

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;fdflhs kl/0ffdx¿ kb{5g\ h;nfO{ k'?if kLl8tx¿n] ef]Ug' g} k/]sf] 5}Gf jf Psbd} sd uDeL/ ¿kdf dfq} ef]u]sf 5g\ .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf / k'?if -xTof ul/Psf / ank"j{s a]kQf kflPsf kLl8tsfkl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿_n] ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ rf/ jf kfFr åGåsf xflgx¿nfO{ w]/} ¿kdf p:t} tl/sfn] >]0fLs[t u/], To;kl5 eg] cGt/x¿ b]vf kb{5g\ -x]g'{xf];\ tflnsf !, dfly_ . zf/Ll/s / dfgl;sxflgx¿, lj:yfkg / tgfjsf af/]df pNn]v ul/;s]kl5, xTof ul/Psf jf a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsfdlxnf cfkmGtx¿n] pgLx¿sf k'?if ;dsIfLx¿n] pNn]v gu/]sf xflgx¿sf] klxrgf u/]sf 5g\ Mæ;fdflhs lje]bÆ, / ækl/jf/af6} b'Jo{jxf/Æ -qmdzM cf7f}+ / gjf}+ :yfgdf >]0fLs[t_ . o;sf] ljkl/toxL xf/fxf/Ldf k'?ifx¿n] ædfgl;s tgfjÆ / 3/ / ;DklQsf] gfznfO{ dxŒj lbPsf 5g\ . ;fdflhsx}l;ot;DaGwL xflgx¿nfO{ k'?ifx¿n] ljz]ifu/L k|lti7fsf] Iflt / ;dfhn] x]osf] b[li6af6 x]g{] ;Gbe{dfJofVof u/]sf 5g\, t/ dxŒjsf lx;fjdf lognfO{ w]/} g} tn >]0fLs[t ul/Psf] 5 -qmdzM !& cf}+ /@$ cf}+ :yfgdf_ .

xflgx¿sf] cg'ej tyf ltgsf] kl/0ffd / lnËsf aLr /x]sf] ;DaGwsf af/]df k'?if / dlxnf cGtl/d/fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf / k'?ifx¿df lj:t[t ;xdlt /x]sf] lyof] . o:tf] b[li6sf]0fsf] b'n{eckjfb afun'ª / alb{ofsf syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuLx¿ / slknj:t'sf s]xL dlxnfpQ/bftfx¿af6 ;'lgof], t/ oL cjf:tljs leGgtfnfO{ a'‰g yk cg';Gwfgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .;xefuLx¿n] ;fdfGotof dlxnfx¿n] n}ª\lus lx+;f a9L ef]Ug' k/]sf] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/] / d[ts jfa]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf >LdtLx¿ tyf cGo dlxnf cfkmGtx¿n] k'?if cfkmGtx¿sf] t'ngfdf a9L uX|'Ëf] cfly{s af]em p7fpg' k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

;xefuLx¿sf] ljrf/df dlxnfx¿n] ef]u]sf cfly{s sl7gfOx¿nfO{ lgDg ;fIf/tf :t/ / Joj;flos;Lkx¿sf] cefjn] yk hl6n agfPsf] 5 h;n] ubf{ pgLx¿nfO{ sd cfDbfgL x'g] sfdx¿ ug{ jfsltko cj:yfdf s'g} sfd g} geP/ cyf]{kfh{g ug{] s'g} ;fwg gePsf] cj:yfaf6 u'h|g'kg{] cj:yf x'G5 . Pp6f 36gfdf, cfˆgf] 5f]/fsf] xTof ePsf] sfe|]sL Pshgf a'9L dlxnfn] s] atfOg eg] 5f]/fsf]xTofsf sf/0f pgsf >Ldfg\ dfgl;s /f]uL ePsf 5g\ / kl/0ffd:j¿k w]/} dlxgf;Dd pgL a;kfs{x¿dfdfUg] sfd ug{ afWo ePsL lyOg\ . l;/fxfsL @% jif{sL Pshgf dlxnfn] pgnfO{ ;f;' ;;'/fn] 3/af6s;/L lgsflnlbP / s;/L pgL y'k|} lbg;Dd dfu]/ afFlrg\ eGg] s'/f atfOg\ M

h'g a]nf d]/f] >Ldfg\ dfl/Og'eof], Tof] a]nf d ue{jtL lyPF . dnfO{ ;f;' ;;'/fx¿n]3/af6 lgsflnlbP / hfg] 7fpF st} lyPg . dnfO{ Pshgf l5d]sLn] jf; lbg'eof] .vfg] s'/f s]xL gePkl5 d]/f ;fd' dfUg' eGbf csf]{ ljsNk lyPg, / d}n] aRrfhGdfPkl5 klg oxL ug{' k¥of] . d}n] rf/ jf kfFr dlxgf dfu]/ latfPF .

>Ldfg\sf] kl/jf/n] l;/fxfsf] Pp6f dlxnfdfly u/]sf] b'Jo{jxf/ gf}nf] xf]Og . 3/af6 lgsflnPsfjf b'Jo{jxf/, alxis/0f, / PsfFsLkgsf lzsf/ ePsf syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf cGo dlxnf;xefuLx¿n] klg o:t} vfn] ;fdflhs xflgx¿sf] af/]df atfP .

olb Pshgf dlxnfn] cfˆgf] >Ldfg\ u'dfOg\ eg] pgnfO{ 3/df clnslt klg ;Ddfg ul/Gg . pgsf]] s'g} k/jfx ;Dd klg ul/Gg . olb Pshgf k'?ifn] >LdtL u'dfP eg]pgn] afnaRrfx¿nfO{ 5f8]/ csL{ dlxnf;Fu lax] ub{5g\ . t/ dlxnfn] To;f] ug{;Sb}gg\ . olb Pshgf dlxnfn] >Ldfg\ u'dfOg\ eg] h:tf];'s} eP klg pgL >Ldfg\s}3/df al:5g\, b'Mv ul5{g\ / afnaRrfx¿ x'sf{pl5g\ . Pshgf k'?ifn] oL ;a}lhDd]jf/Lx¿ jxg ub}{gg\ / o:tf] ubf{ klg ub{}gg\ . olb o;/L lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNgp;nfO{ ufX|f] eof] eg] p ef/t hfG5 .


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– slnj:t'sL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt $) jifL{o dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

d]/f ;f;' ;;'/fx¿ / bfh'efOx¿n] dnfO{ w]/} b'Jo{jxf/ u/] . d]/f] >Ldfg\ laTg' eP kl5pgLx¿n] dnfO{ h] dg nfUof] ToxL hyfeflj g/fd|f] gfd /fv]/ ufnL ub{y] . pgLx¿n]sfddf hfg' cl3 dnfO{ x]¥of] eg] cz'e x'G5 egL eGg] ub{5g\ .

– pbok'/sL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt $% jifL{o dlxnf -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

oL ;fdflhs xflgx¿ km/flsnf] ;d'bfo;Dd klg km}nG5g\ . ljjflxt dlxnfx¿n] nufpg] k/Dk/fut /ftf];f/Lsf] ;§f ljwjf dlxnfx¿n] nufpg] ;]tf] sk8fx¿ nufpg / Pshgf ljwjfsf] ¿kdf ;dfhdfJojxf/ ug{ / wfld{s tyf ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmdx¿af6 alxlis[t x'g'kg{] nufotsf ;fF:s[lts bafjx¿

a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf >LdtLx¿n] ef]Ug' k/]sf] af/]df cGt klg b:tfj]hLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . 44 of] cg';Gwfgdf efu lnPsf dlxnfx¿n] klg o:tf] cg'ejx¿sf] af/]df atfP . o:tf c;xfg'e"lthgs jfj}/L Jojxf/n] dlxnfx¿sf] ;LdfGtLs/0f x'g'sf ;fy} pgLx¿nfO{ ;xfotf vf]Hg] sfddf klg lg?T;flxt ub{5 .

ufpFn]x¿n] dnfO{ lgGbf u5{g\ . pgLx¿ eG5g\, æo;n] r'/f / 6Lsf nufpF5] . 45 nf]Ug]gePkl5 klg o;nfO{ oL ;a} s'/fx¿ lsg nufpg k/]sf] xf]<Æ pgLx¿n] d]/f af/]g/fd|f s'/fx¿ klg eGg] u5{g\ / ha d sfo{qmdx¿df efu lng st} hfG5' pgLx¿dnfO{ k};fsf nflu lx+8]sf] eGg] cf/f]k klg nufpF5g\ .

– afun'ªsL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt #% jifL{o dlxnf, -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

cWoog ul/Psf lhNnfx¿df dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] p:t} vfn] cg'ej / wf/0ffx¿ atfPsf] eP klgs'g} lglZrt ;fF:s[lts ;d'bfosf dlxnfx¿n] cfˆgf] cj:yf b]zsf] cGo efusf dlxnfx¿sf] eGbf a9L s7f]/ / bdgsf/L ePsf] atfP .

dw];L ;d'bfosf] dlxnf ePsf] gftfn] dnfO{ 3/ aflx/ hfg lbOFb}g . olb s'g} sfddfjf tflnddf hfg' k¥of] eg] d]/f ;f;';;'/f / l5d]sLx¿n] dnfO{ hfg lbFb}gg\ . oxLsf/0fn] d}n] w]/} åGåkLl8tx¿;Fu ;DalGwt tflnddf efu lng] cj;/ u'dfPsf] 5' .

– l;/fxfsL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt @& jifL{o dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿n] of}ghGo lx+;fsf sf/0f pTkGg gsf/fTds ;fdflhs c;/x¿sf] af/]df klg atfP . / pgLx¿n] af/Daf/ æ;fdflhs snª\sÆ / æcfTd ;Ddfg tyf ;fdflhs k|lti7f u'dfpg' k/]sf]Æaf/]df pNn]v ul//x] .46 o:tf xflgx¿ k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] t'ngfdf leGg /x]sf] 5 h;n] ;fdfGotof

44 yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu x]g{'xf];\ M P8\ef]s];L kmf]/d / cfOl;l6h], æåGån] g]kfnL dlxnfdf k/]sf] c;/Æ -@)!)_Ù /cfOl;l6h], æ/fxtsf cltl/Qm g]kfndf a]kQf kfl/Psf kLl8tsf >LdtLx¿sf] clwsf/ / cfjZostfsf] ;Daf]wgÆ-cu:6 @)!#_, www.ictj.org/publications

45 lgwf/df nufOg] /ftf] 6Lsf / r'/fx¿ ljjflxt dlxfnfx¿sf] kl/rfos xf] / ljjflxt dlxnfx¿n] dfq nufpF5g\ .

46 5nkmndf k|of]u ul/Psf g]kfnL zAbx¿df M ;fdflhs snÍ –æ;fdflhs nf~5gf,Æ æ;dfhaf6 g/fd|f] s'/f ;'Gg'kg{],Æ æx]nf, ;dfhaf6 ufnL,Æ æunf]h,Æ / æa]OHhtLÆ_ / cfTd;Ddfg / ;fdflhs k|lti7f u'dfpg' k/]sf] -;dfhaf6OHht u'dfpg' kg]{_ .

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;d'bfoaf6 ;xfg'e"lt / ;xof]u kfPsf] atfP .

clwsf+z dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿n] pgLx¿sf kl/jf/x¿ ;fwf/0ftof ;xof]uL g} ePsf] atfP . oBlk,anfTsf/÷of}lgs lx+;faf6 kLl8t ePkl5 >Ldfg\;Fusf] ;DaGw lalu|Psf] s]xL ckjfbx¿ klg /x]sf lyP . Pp6f 36gfdf Ps hgf pQ/bftfnfO{ pgsf >Ldfg\n] pgLdfly ePsf] HofbtLsf af/]df yfxfkfPkl5 pgnfO{ ToflulbPsf lyP . csf]{ 36gfdf ;'?df >Ldfg\n] pQ/bftfnfO{ ;]gfsf ;b:onfO{ of}g;Dks{ ug{ lbPsf] eg]/ cf/f]k nufPsf lyP, oBlk pgn] kl5 o;df pgsf] bf]if gePsf] s'/f :jLsf/ u/]/ 8fS6/nfO{ b]vfpg nu]sf lyP .

l5d]sLx¿af6 gs/fTds k|ltlqmof ;fwf/0ftof eO g} /xGy] . ljz]ifu/L Psn ePsf] cj:yf jfkl/jf/af6 ;xof]u gkfPsf] cj:yfdf /x]sfx¿n] cfkm" j[xQ/ ;d'bfoaf6 g} b'Jo{jxf/sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf] atfP . Pshgfn] t pgnfO{ kL8sx¿;fd' of}g k|:tfj /fv]sf] em'6f] cf/f]k nufOPsf] klg atfOg\ . tnpNn]v ul/Psf] l6Kk0fLx¿n] sltko oftgfkLl8t dlxnfx¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] nf~5gfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 M

ha d]/f] >Ldfg\nfO{ lu/ˆtf/L ul/of] To;kl5 xfd|f] l5d]sLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ km/s tl/sfn] x]g{ yfn] . pgLx¿n] xfd|f] 3/nfO{ ædfcf]jfbLsf] 3/Æ eg]/ gfd /fv] . dflg;x¿n]xfdLnfO{ 3[0ff u/] / xfd|f] 3/ glhs eP/ lx+8\g] dflg;x¿n] xfdL dfcf]jfbL;Fucfa4 ePsf] eg]/ s'/f ub{y] . pgLx¿n] xfd|f] s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] a'afsf]af/]df s'/f u/]/ æoftgfÆ klg lbg] ub{y] .

– dlxnf oftgfkLl8t -lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{_

ha d ;]gfsf] lx/f;taf6 d'Qm eP/ 3/ kmls{PF dlxnfx¿n] dnfO{ ;]gf, k|x/L, /dfcf]jfbLx¿;Fu ;'t]sf] eGg] cf/f]k nufpg yfn] . pgLx¿n] dnfO{ sf]7fleq nu]/d]/f] n'uf km'sfn]/ d}n] st} ue{ktg jf cGo To:t} g/fd|f] s]xL t u/]sf] 5}g egLhfFr] . dlxnf eP/ d}n] c? dlxnfx¿af6 klg ;xfg'e"lt kfpg ;lsg .

– dlxnf oftgfkLl8t -lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{_

hft, hghflt, cfly{s x}l;ot / /fhgLlts cfa4tfsf] c;/

of] cg';Gwfgn] xflgx¿sf] n}ª\lus c;/x¿sf cnfjf dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLx¿sf] tTsfnLg /bL3{sfnLg kl/0ffddf hft, hghflt, cfly{s cj:yf / /fhgLlts cfa4tfsf] s'g xb;Ddsf] ;DaGw/x]sf] 5 eGg] klg cGj]if0f u/]sf] 5 . cl3 g} pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/, -dfly x]g'{xf];\, æcg';Gwfgsf ;Ldf/ r'gf}tLx¿Æ_, cg';Gwfgbftfx¿sf] ljZn]if0fdf tNnf] hftLo ;d'bfo, km/s hghftLo ;'dbfo / lgDgcfly{s cj:yfx¿af6 k|ltlglwTj hgfPsf ;xefuLx¿ ;d"x 5nkmnx¿df v'n]/ af]Ng ;s]sf lyPgg\ .oBlk, of] cg';Gwfgsf] lgisif{n] xflgx¿sf] ;jfndf kLl8tx¿sf] jf:tljs k[i7e"dL jf cj:yf tyf xflgx¿nfO{ ;fdgf ug{] pgLx¿sf] Ifdtfsf] ;fGble{stfnfO{ ;ª\s]t u/]sf] 5 .

olb syfgs kfqx¿ -dfOnL, ;fOFnf / sfOFnf_ blntx¿ ePsf] eP s] pgLx¿n] ef]Ug] dfgjclwsf/HofbtLx¿sf] k|s[lt km/s x'GYof] eGg] k|Zgdf syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmndf ;xefuL ePsfx¿ -a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] kl/jf/, d[tssf kl/jf/ / k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿_n] ldl>t k|ltlqmof lbP . ;a}n]geP klg s]xL ;xefuLx¿n] blntx¿sf] lgDg cfly{s / ;fdflhs x}l;otn] pgLx¿nfO{ HofbtLx¿dfa9L hf]lvd agfPsf] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/] . afun'ªsf Pshgf u}/blnt ;xefuLn] cfkm"nfO{ ;'/Ifflgsfon] lx/f;tdf /fv]sf] a]nf blnt aGbLx¿nfO{ lx/f;tdf /fv]sf] cGo aGbLx¿nfO{ eGbf w]/} g} a9L uDeL/ ¿kdf oftgf lbOPsf] b]v]sf] Pp6f 7f]; pbfx/0f lbP .

b'Jo{jxf/ ef]lu;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] b'Jo{jxf/sf kl/0ffdnfO{ ;fdgf ug{] ;jfndf blnt kLl8tx¿n]


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a9L ;d:ofx¿ ef]Ub5g\ / blnt dlxnfx¿n] ef]Ug] ;d:of cem a9L x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf j[xt ;xdlt/x]sf] lyof] . /f]Nkf, l;/fxf, / slknj:t'sf cGtl/d /fxtaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnfx¿n] blnt dlxnfn];d'bfoaf6 sd ;xfg'e"lt kfpFb5g\ / lzIff tyf /f]huf/L lng] ;jfndf pgLx¿n] ljz]if lje]bsf] ;fdgfug{' kb{5 eGg] ljrf/ /fv] . kl/jf/ wfGg / afnaRrfx¿nfO{ lzIff lbgsf nflu C0f klg k|fKt ug{g;Sg] sf/0fn] klg s]xL xb;Dd blnt dlxnfx¿sf] kL8f æbf]Aa/ x'g]Æ wg'iff lhNnfsf ;xefuLx¿n] atfP .

olb sf]xL blnt 5 eg] p;n] c?n] eGbf a9L g} ;d:of / emd]nfx¿ ef]Ug' kg{] x'G5 .lje]bsf/L Jojxf/n] blntx¿nfO{ cem} c;/ kfl//x]sf] 5 .

– sfe|]sL cGtl/d /fxtaf6 nfeflGjt @$ jif{sL dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

olb ;fOFnf blnt lyP eg] pgn] s;}af6 s'g} Wofg kfpFb}g lyP . cfˆg} l5d]sLx¿af6klg kfpFg] lyPgg\ . blntx¿n] ;d:of ef]u]sf] a]nfdf ;a} hgf pgLx¿af6 sf];f}+ k/efUb5g\ . ;fOFnfn] ef]Ug] xflgx¿ klg lglZrt ¿kdf km/s x'g] lyof] .

– cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt wg'iffsf Ps k'?if kLl8t -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

sfe|] / alb{of lhNnfsf dlxnf ;xefuLx¿ / wg'iffsf k'?if ;xefuLx¿ afx]s syfgs nlIft ;d"x5nkmnsf clwsf+z ;xefuLx¿ -a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿ / d[tssf kl/jf/x¿_n] åGåsf] cg'ejdfhftLotf dxŒjk"0f{ tTj xf] eGg] 7fg]gg\ . oBlk, s'g} lglZrt hghflt ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ dfgjclwsf/HofbtLdf a9L g} hf]lvdsf /x]sf x'g] / ;DejtM To;} sf/0f tL HofbtLx¿af6 pTkGg x'g] xflgx¿dfklg a9L g} hf]lvddf /xg] k|df0fx¿;FUf gldNg]u/L cfPsf pQ/bftfx¿sf] a'emfO jf wf/0fnfO{ a'‰gsf nflu yk cg';Gwfg ug{' cfjZos x'G5 .

hft / hghflt;DaGwL ckl/jt{gLo tTjx¿sf] ljkl/t HofbtLx¿df hf]lvddf kg{ / tL hf]lvdx¿af6pTkGg xflgx¿nfO{ sd ug{ ;xof]u h'6fpgdf /fhgLlts cfa4tf;Fu ;DalGwt rogx¿nfO{ eg] dxŒjk"0f{ x'g] egL 7flgof] . afun'ª, h'Dnf / slknj:t'sf xTof ul/Psf / a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sfcfkmGtx¿n] o;df yk JofVof ub}{ jf:tljs jf sfNklgs b'j} /fhgLlts cfa4tfn] ;a}nfO{ cfqmd0fsf] lg;fgf agfPsf] af/]df pNn]v u/] . åGåsf] cGTokl5 eg] /fhgLlts cfa4tf / o;af6 k|fKt x'g]hfgsf/L / k|efj cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] /fxt nufot lzIff -5fqj[lQ nufot_, /f]huf/L,pRr cfDbgL, / lgj[lQe/0f k|fKt ug{df dxŒjk"0f{ ePsf] eGg] a'lemof] . dlxnf / k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿n]klg pgLx¿ kLl8t x'gdf /fhgLlts cfa4tf Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ tTjsf ¿kdf /x]sf] ljZjf; u/] M

;]gfn] dnfO{ s'6kL6 u/] lsgeg]] dfcf]jfbLx¿ sxfF a;]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f d}n] pgLx¿nfO{ 9fF6] eGg] pgLx¿n] 7fg] . pgLx¿n] dnfO{ /fOkmnsf] s'Gbfn] s'6], /o;sf] sf/0f d clxn] cf+lzs ¿kdf dfq sfg ;'Gb5' . hLp b'Vg] ;d:ofsf sf/0fd s'g} klg wfld{s / cGo sfo{qmdx¿df efu lnFlbg t/ dfl;x¿ dnfO{ o;/Lsfo{qmdx¿df efu glnPsf]df cfnf]rgf ug{] u5{g\ .

– afun'ªsf %) jifL{o k'?if oftgfkLl8t -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx¿åf/f cfˆgf] bfO / elthfsf] xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf csf{ Ps hgf k'?if kLl8tn]eg] M

dfcf]jfbLx¿n] d}n] ;]gfsf nflu ;'/fsL u/]sf] cf/f]k nufP . pgLx¿n] d]/f] bflxg]

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v'§f sfl6lbP . d}n] c:ktfndf 5 dlxgf a:g'k¥of], / d]/f afnaRrfx¿n] :s'n5f8\g'k¥of] . kl5, d]/f afnaRrfx¿ ljb]z uP, / d]/L >LdtL klg csf]{ lhNnf hfg'k¥of] . d s'g} sfd ug{ ;lSbg lsgeg] d nfdf] ;do;Dd Ps} 7fpFdf a:g} ;lSbg .dnfO{ cem} v'§f ;'lGgg] h:tf ;d:ofx¿ 5g\ .

– afun'ªsf %& jifL{o k'?if oftgfkLl8t -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

o;}u/L, vf;u/L alb{of, sGrgk'/, / sfe]|sf clwsf+z k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿n] dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLaf6ef]Ug' k/]sf] c;/sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;xof]uL aGgdf /fhgLlts cfj4tf pkof]uL ePsf] 7fg] . ljz]ifu/LpgLx¿n] /fhgLlts bnx¿n] cfˆgf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;+/If0f u5{g\ / /fhgLlts bn;Fu cfa4 x'g]n]lrlsT;sLo x]/rfx nufot cGo ;'ljwf jf nfex¿df /fd|f] kx'Fr kfpFb5g\ eGg] l6Kk0fL u/] . t/vf;u/L slknj:t' / pbok'/sf s]xL k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿n] eg] dfgjclwsf/sf] pNnª\3g / o;af6x'g] kl/0ffd b'j}sf] b[li6sf]0fdf /fhgLlts cfa4tf c;fGble{s x'g] :ki6 wf/0ff /fv] . pgLx?sf cg';f/;a} oftgfkLl8tx¿nfO{ ;dfg 9Ëdf a]jf:tf ul/Psf] 5 .


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%= cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd, o;sf] c;/ / o;df kx'Fr

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t k|fKt ePsf nfex¿ / ;]jfu|fxLx¿sf] wf/0ff

dfly pNn]v ul/Psf xflgx¿nfO{ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] slt xb;Dd ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 eGg] a'‰g/ pgLx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] x'g ;Sg] cGo ;xfotfx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L lngsf] nflu cGtl/d /fxtsfo{qmdsf ;]jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf ;xof]usf k|sf/x¿ n]Vg / tL ;xof]unfO{ dxŒjsf cfwf/df >]0fLs[t ug{sf nflu elgPsf] lyof] . syfgs 5nkmnsf qmddf ePsf ;dfgfGt/ 5nkmnx¿n]sfo{qmdk|ltsf] pgLx¿sf] wf/0ffnfO{ cGj]if0f u/]sf] lyof] . oL 5nkmnx¿ dfOnL / ;fOFnfsf] sfNklgssyfgs;FUf ;DalGwt k|Zgx¿df cfwfl/t /x]sf lyP M æs] tkfOFx¿nfO{ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] Ifltk"lt{n] dfOnL÷;fOFnfnfO{ ;Gt'li6 lbG5 eGg] nfU5 < jf s] pgn]÷p;n] / pgsf]÷p;sf] kl/jf/n]ef]u]sf] xflgx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ c? pkfox¿sf] klg h?/t kb{5 <Æ jf æs] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] dfOnL÷;fOFnfnfO{ s'g} k|s[ltsf] Gofo k|bfg u/]sf] 5 <Æ pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ lnË, hft, hflt, jf/fhgLlts cfa4tfn] nfex¿ k|fKt ug{df s'g} c;/ kf5{ jf kfb{}g eGg] k|Zg klg ;f]lwPsf] lyof] .

xTof ul/Psf jf a]kQf kfl/Psf kl/jf/ ju{sf clwsf+z ;xefuLx¿n] cGtl/d /fxtcGtu{tsf kmfObfx¿ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . o;cGtu{t pgLx¿n]] ?=#)),))) k|fKt u/]sf lyP h'g (#=% k|ltztk'?if ;xefuLx¿n] / *%=& k|ltzt dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf lyP . %%=& k|ltzt dlxnf;xefuLx¿n] Psn dlxnf eQf ?= @%,))) klg k|fKt u/]sf lyP . dlxnf / k'?if pQ/bftfx¿ b'j}n];/sf/af6 c? ;fgf cfly{s ;xof]ux¿ kfPsf] klg atfP . em08} cfwf dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] -$@=(k|ltzt_ cfˆgf afnaRrfx¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ePsf] klg atfP . oBlk of] ;xof]usf] hDdf *=&k|ltzt k'?if ;xefuLx¿n] dfq pNn]v u/] . em08} Ps ltxfO dlxnf / k'?ifn] Joj;flos tflnd k|fKtu/]sf] klg atfP -#@=( k|ltzt dlxnf, #(=! k|ltzt k'?if_ .

sltko pQ/bftfx¿n] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf -u};;_ / cGoaf6 klg s]xL ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf] s'/f atfP .o;df /]8qm;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;ldlt -cfOl;cf/l;_n] k|bfg u/]sf] cfly{s / cGo ef}lts ;xof]u /u};;x¿af6 k|fKt ;fgf :t/sf ;xof]ux¿ h:t} ;fgf] /sd, 3/fo;L ;fdfg, kz'x¿, z}lIfs vr{x¿, cf}ifwf]krf/, k/fdz{ ;]jf / d'2fx¿df sfg'gL ;xof]u nufotsf ljleGg ;xof]ux¿ cflb kb{5g\ .s]xL k'?if / dlxnf b'j} ;xefuLx¿n] /fhgLlts bnx¿af6 klg ef}lts / ;fª\s]lts b'j} ;xof]u k|fKtu/]sf] atfP .47

cfly{s / cGo ef}lts xflgx¿df lbOPsf] hf]8;Fu tfbfTDotf x'g] ul/ dlxnf / k'?if b'j} pQ/bftfx¿n]cfly{s ;xof]u, 5fqj[lQ, Joj;flos tflnd, / 3/fo;L ;fdfg / kz'sf] ¿kdf lbPsf] ef}lts;xof]unfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ 7fgL pRr >]0fLdf /fv] . vf;u/L, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t / cfOl;cf/l;af6 k|fKt ePsf] cfly{s ;xof]unfO{ k'?ifx¿n] pRr t]>f] >]0fLdf / dlxnfx¿n] pRr 5}7f}+ >]0fLdf

47 k'/f ;"rLsf nflu x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL tflnsf ( / !) oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf

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/fv] . dlxnfx¿sf nflu, tLgsf] afnaRrfx¿sf nflu k|fKt 5fqj[lQ bf]>f] >]0fLdf k¥of] eg] k'?ifx¿sfnflu of] 5}7f}+ >]0fLdf k¥of] . b'j} dlxnf / k'?if pQ/bftfx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t k|fKt ePsf]Joj;flos tflndnfO{ klg pRr >]0fLdf /fv] -k'?ifx¿n] bf]>f] / dlxnfx¿n] rf}yf]_ .

tflnsf # M cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf / k'?ifx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf ;xfotfx¿sf]>]0fLs/0f48

>]0fL dlxnf k'?if! d[ts / a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] kl/jf/sf

nflu cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]u -?= #)),)))_

d[ts / a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] kl/jf/sf nflu cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]u -?= #)),)))_

@ Psn dlxnfx¿sf] nflu cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] eQf - ?=@%,)))_

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] Joj;flos tflnd

# cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t s]6fs]6Lx¿sf nflu z}lIfs 5fqj[lQ

?= & b]lv !),))) ;Ddsf] cfOl;cf/l;n] k|bfg u/]sf] ;xof]u

$ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] Joj;flos tflnd

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t k|fKt ?= #,!))

% 3/fo;L ;fdfgsf] ¿kdf u};;x¿af6 k|fKt;xof]u

3/fo;L ;fdfgsf] ¿kdf u};;x¿af6 k|fKt ;xof]u

;a} cWoog lhNnfx¿df ul/Psf syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn / nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog b'j}df;xefuLx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf af/]df ldl>t k|ltlqmof /fv] . syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmndf;xefuLx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] pgLx¿sf] ætTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿ k'/f x'gÆdf ;xof]u u/]sf] jf æ3fpdf clnslt ePklg dnd nufPsf]Æ eGg] cy{df lnP . o;/L x]bf{, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdnfO{,slDtdf s]xL pQ/bftfx¿n], pgLx¿sf] h?/L cfjZostfx¿ k'/f ug{, æxft d'vsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{Æ jf ;f+:s[lts / wfld{s afWotfx¿ k'/f ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] eGg] cy{Dff lnPsf 5g\ .

d}n] 5f]/LnfO{ /fd|f] 3/df lax] u/]/ k7fPF . olb ;/sf/n] dnfO{ Tof] /sdglbPsf] eP pgnfO{ ;fob ul/a 3/df lax] ul/lbg' kg{] lyof] h;sf sf/0f pgn] c? ;d:ofx¿ ef]Ug' kg{] x'g ;SbYof] . ;/sf/n] Tof] ;xof]u xfdLn] xft d'vhf]8\g] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu lbPsf] lyof] . clxn] xfdL ToxL ;xof]usfsf/0f hLljt 5f}+ / To;sf/0f of] lgZro g} Pp6f /fxt xf] .

– cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt slknj:t'sL $) jifL{of Ps dlxnf-syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

d}n] tLg ls:tfdf hDdf ?= #)),))) kfPF h'g d}n] d]/f] cf}ifwf]krf/ />LdtLsf] bfx;+:sf/ sfo{df ;s]F .

– /f]Nkfsf cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt $! jifL{o k'?if -syfgsnlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

s] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf nfex¿ ;Gtf]ifhgs lyP eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf s]xL dlxnf /k'?if ;xefuLx¿n] o;nfO{ Pp6f æGofof]lrt hjfkmÆsf ¿kdf lnPsf lyP / o;n] pgLx¿n] ef]u]sfxflgx¿sf] xsdf s]xL xb;Ddsf] æ;Gt'li6Æ lbPsf] atfPsf lyP . oBlk, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdnfO{

48 >]0fLs/0fsf] k'/f ;"rL x]g{sf nflu tflnsf ( / !) x]g'{xf];\ oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf


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;sf/fTds ¿kdf lnPsfx¿n] klg bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yo ;]jf;DaGwL ;xfotf, afnaflnsfx¿sf] lzIffdf ;xof]u, /f]huf/L, / lgj[lQe/0f cflbsf] cfjZostfx¿nfO{ cf}FNofP . w]/}n] rfxLF cGtl/d /fxtsfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] gub ;xof]u ckof{Kt ePsf] hgfP .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] g} æGofoÆ ePsf] xf] eGg] rflxF xf]Og eGg] ljifodf eg] lj:t[t ;xdlt /x]sf] lyof] . w]/}sf nflu of] Pp6f ;fdfGo s'/f lyof] M cfly{s ;xfotfn] u'd]sf Kof/f cfkmGtx¿sf] Ifltk"lt{ug{ lbg jf k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;Sb}Gf . xflgx¿sf] km/flsnf] k|ltpQ/sf ¿kdf cfly{s ;xfotfnfO{ o;n]lgZro g} cj/f]w k'¥ofpFb}g . oBlk, Pp6f 5'§} pkfosf] ¿kdf eg] o;nfO{ ck'u ePsf] dflgPsf] 5/ s;}n] t o;nfO{ lj/f]w / cfqmf]zsf] efjgfn] klg lnPsf 5g\ . s;}n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdkLl8tx¿nfO{ Gofo vf]Hg] sfo{af6 Wofg cGt} df]8\g NofPsf] eg]/ klg eg] . sltn] t o;nfO{æcfFvfdf 5f/f] xfNg]Æ sfd eg]/ klg lnP, h;sf] cy{ x'G5 ls of] Pp6f ;txL hjfkm xf] . c?n] rfxLFæd'vdf a'emf] nufpg]Æ sfd ePsf] eGg] zAbfjnL k|of]u u/] h;sf] cy{ x'G5 kLl8tx¿nfO{ yfdy'dkf/]/ pgLx¿sf] cfjfh zfGt kfg{' .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmddf kx'Fr

cGo cWoogn] lgsfn]sf lgisif{¿ k'gMpNn]v ub}{, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] ;jfndf pQ/bftfx¿n] tLg d'Vo s'/fx¿sf af/]df lg/fzf JoQm u/] M

• Hofb} nfdf] / hl6n k|zf;lgs k|lqmof . ;xefuLx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf ljleGg/ af/Daf/ ;+zf]wg eO/x]sf gLltx¿cGtu{t /fxtsf nflu lgj]bg lbFbfsf avt ljleGgsfuhftx¿ a'emfO /xg' kg]{ sl7g cfjZostfx¿sf af/]df l6Kk0fL u/] . pgLx¿n] ljlEfGgcfjZos sfuhftx¿ -h:t} d[To', ljjfx, / gful/stfsf k|df0fkqx¿Ù a}+s vftf ljj/0f,ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿sf l;kmfl/; kqx¿Ù / k|x/L k|ltj]bg_sf af/]df u'gf;f] u/] .pbok'/sf Pshgf k'?if ;xefuLsf cg';f/, pgn] cGtl/d /fxt k|fKt ug{'cl3 ;f]sf nflu cfjZos k|df0fhGo sfuhftx¿ h'6fpg tLg jif{ nfUg'sf ;fy} s}of}F k6s;Dd lhNnf ;b/d'sfd wfO/xg' k¥of] .

• e|i6frf/ . vf;u/L dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] e|i6frf/sf] af/]df Jofks ¿kdf s'/f p7fP . pgLx¿e|i6 Jojxf/af6 a9L g} df/df k/]sf] k|ltt x'G5 . -wg'iff / slknj:t' lhNnfx¿df syfgs;d"x 5nkmndf ;xefuL ePsf k'?ifx¿n] dfq of] d'2fnfO{ p7fP ._ ;a}eGbf a9L pNn]v ul/Psf] ;d:of eg]sf] pgLx¿sf] lgj]bg cl3 a9fpg pgLx¿n] sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ k};f ltg{' k/]sf] s'/f /x]sf] 5 . !) dWo] ( cWoog lhNnfsf dlxnf pQ/bftfx¿n] o:tf] cEof; /x]sf]pNn]v u/], s'g} cj:yfdf t w]/} /sd klg ;+nUg /x]sf] lyof] -Ps hgfn] t ?= !),)));Dd ltg{' k/]sf] atfOg\_ . b'j} dlxnf / k'?ifx¿n] e|i6frf/ jf lgj]bg k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ sdhf]/k|lqmofsf sf/0f ægSsnL kLl8tx¿Æn] klg nfe lnPsf] atfP .

• lnË, hft / hghfltdf cfwfl/t lje]b . cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] nfex¿ k|fKtug{ slt ;lhnf] x'G5 eGg] s'/f lgwf{/0f ug{df lnË / hftsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] klg pNn]v ul/of] .

;fF:s[lts / hftLo cfwf/df lnË;DaGwL wf/0ffx¿ km/s km/s /x]sf] eP klg cGtl/d /fxtsfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt s]xL dlxnfx¿n] dfly pNn]v ul/Psf e|i6 Jojxf/sf] cnfjf ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿af6 ePsf] lje]b, zª\sf / kfl/jfl/s tgfj klg ;fdgf ug{' k/]sf] pNn]v u/] .t/fO{sf dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] Go'g cfTd:fDdfg / cfTdljZjf;sf] cefj, lzIffsf] cefj,;/sf/L ;]jfx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L / kxF'rsf] cefj, ;fj{hlgs clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ k|efjdf kfg{]Ifdtfsf] cefj, / k'?if s]lGb|t ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx¿sf sf/0f yk cj/f]w ef]Ug' k/]sf] s'/f

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pNn]v u/] . o;sf] ljkl/t, d'Votof tfdfË / du/ ;d'bfosf ;xefuLx¿ ePsf] sfe|] / /f]NkflhNnfdf eg] pQ/bftfx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] ;]jf k|fKt ug{df dlxnf / k'?ifx¿n]ef]u]sf] cg'ejdf vf;} km/s 5}Gf eGg] 7fg] . oL lgisif{x¿n] n}ª\lus wf/0ff / cg'ejx¿sf]hl6ntf tyf lognfO{ ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts cj:yfx¿n] k|efljt kfg]{ tl/sfx¿sf] af/]df;ª\s]t ub{5g\, oBlk oL leGgtfx¿nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf a'‰gsf] nflu eg] yk cg';Gwfg ul/g' klg cfjZos 5 .

clwsf+z k'?if / dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] kx'Frdf hftn] c;/ kf/]sf]/ blntx¿n] cGtl/d /fxtsf nflu lgj]bg lbg / ;f]cGtu{t nfe k|fKt ug{df lgDg z}lIfs:t/ / cfly{s tyf /fhgLlts k|efjsf] cefjsf sf/0f c?n] eGbf a9L sl7gfO em]Ng k/]sf]s'/fdf ;xdlt hgfP . o;sf] ljkl/t, ax';ª\Vos cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t nfe lnPsfax';ª\Vosn] hghflt ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] cGtl/d /fxt k|fKt ug{df blntn] ef]u]sf] h:tf] lje]b efUg' gk/]sf] hgfP .

;fwf/0ftof pRr cfly{s x}l;ot ePsfx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] nfe k|fKt ugsf{ nflu cfˆgf] k|efj k|of]u ug{ ;Ifd /x]sf] egL lnOPsf] kfOof] . o;n] 3'; /sdlbg] s'/f klg a'emfpg ;Sb5, kl/efiffcg';f/ g} klg cfly{s x}l;ot ePsfx¿ ;fwf/0ftof k'?if jf pkNnf] hftsfx¿ x'G5g\ hf] cflwsfl/s k|lqmofx¿df kxF'r k|fKTf ug{ jf k|lqmofx¿ l5rf]Ngdf a9L l;kfn' x'G5g\ . sltko cj:yfx¿df t lgDg cfly{s / ;fdflhs x}l;otePsfx¿sf nflu /fxtsf nflu lgj]bg lbg]] / /fxt k|fKt ug{] k|lqmofx¿n] klxNo}b]lv g}ljBdfg c;dfgtfx¿nfO{ yk dha't agfPsf] 5 .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 alxis/0fsf] c;/x¿

d'Votof cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfe k|fKt gu]/sf oftgfkLl8tx¿nfO{ klg pgLx¿n] xfn;Dd k|fKt u/]sf ;xfotfsf] af/]df ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ æsfOFnf / pgsf kl/jf/n] cGtl/d /fxt k|fKt ug{df s:tf vfn] ;d:ofx¿ ef]u]sf lyP <Æ / æs] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf nfex¿n] sfOFnfn] ef]u]sf] xflgx¿af6 ePsf c;/x¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf] lyof] <Æ nufotsf ljleGGg k|Zgx¿ ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . Ps Ps hgf u/L lnOPsf] cGtjf{tf{df dlxnfoftgfkLl8tx¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] klxrfg u/]sf] xflgx¿sf] ;Daf]wgsf nflu pgLx¿n] jf pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:on] s'g} ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ k|of; u/]sf lyP jf s'g} ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf lyP eg]/ ;f]lWfPsf] lyof] .

dlxnf / k'?if b'j} oftgfkLl8tx¿n] dfly pNn]v u/]sf sl7gfOx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6alxis/0f ul/Psf sf/0f kLl8tx¿sf] :jf:Yo / hLljsf nufot pkrf/ gul/Psf], cS;/ zf/Ll/s /dgf]j}1flgs rf]6x¿dfly kg{ uPsf] uDeL/ kl/0ffdx¿sf] af/]df phfu/ ub{5g\ . syfgs nlIft ;d"x5nkmndf ;xefuL ePsf k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿n] ;fwf/0ftof åGåkLl8tx¿n] p:t} p:t} ;d:ofx¿ ef]u]sf 5g\ eGg] 7fg]sf eP klg pgLx¿n] :ki6 ¿kdf l/;fpg'sf ;fy} lttf] dx;''; ul//x]sf lyP .cfly{s ;xof]usf] cefjdf cfkm"nfO{ Hofb} cfjZos k/]sf] cf}ifwf]krf/ ;]jf k|fKt ug{df k'u]sf] cj/f]wn] ljBdfg sl7gfOnfO{ s;/L emg\ a9fPsf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf af/]df klg pgLx¿n] atfP . w]/}n]cf}ifwf]krf/ vr{ k'ge{'QmfgLsf nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg ;kmn ePsf] atfP klg pgLx¿sf] hf/L / kl5 ug{'kg{] pkrf/df eg] s'g} ;xof]u pknAw gePsf] u'gf;f] u/] .

olb xfdLn] klg cGtl/d /fxt k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] eP, xfdLn] cem /fd|f] cf}ifwf]krf/ ;]jf kfpg ;Sg] lyof}+ . olb pQm ;xof]u xfdLn] klg kfPsf] eP clxn] xfdL c;nhLjg afFlr/x]sf x'g] lyof}+ .


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– alb{ofsf k'?if oftgfkLl8t -syfgs nlIft 5nkmn ;d"x_

cGtl/d /fxt lgb]{lzsfdf @% lbg eGbf a9L lx/f;tdf /flvPsf JolQmx¿n] ?= @%,))) k|fKt u5{g\ elgPsf] 5 . ? !) nfv ;Dd cf}ifwf]krf/df vr{ u/]sfoftgfkLl8tx¿sf nflu of] /sd s]xL klg x}g .

– s~rgk'/sf k'?if oftgfkLl8t -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

cfjZos ;a} sfuhx¿ x'Fbf x'Fb} klg xfdLnfO{ ;/sf/n] k|bfg u/]sf] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmaf6 alxis/0f ul/of] . Tof] /fxt k|fKt ug]{ xfdLx¿sf] clwsf/ xf] . ;xof]usf]cfjZostfdf /x]sf dflg;x¿nfO{ ;xfotf:j¿k Tof] lbg ;lsG5, t/ of] xfd|f] clwsf/ xf] lsgeg] xfdLx¿ /fHoåf/f kLl8t ePsfx¿ xf}+ .

– alb{ofsf k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿ -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

æs] sfOFnf cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] nflu of]Uo 5g\ / s] o;n] pgnfO{ Gofo lbG5 <Æ eGg] vf;Kf|Zgsf] hjfkmdf ;a} k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿n]] of] sfo{qmdcGtu{t cGo kLl8tx¿n] klxNo} k|fKt u/]sf nfex¿ cfkm"n] kfpg] eP To;nfO{ :jfut ug{] atfP . t/ ;fdfGo a'emfO s] /x]sf] 5 eg] of] g} Gofok|fKt u/]sf] a/fa/ eg] x'Fb}Gf jf s]xL ;xefuLx¿n] eg] em}+ o;n] æcf+lzs GofoÆ dfq k|ltlglwTj ug{] 5 .

cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf @@ hgfdWo]sf w]/}h;f] dlxnf oftgkLl8tx¿n] dfgjclwsf/ ;Ë7gx¿af6 ;xof]u vf]h]sf / pgLx¿sf tTsfnLg ljz]if cfjZostfx¿df ;xfotf, cfly{s ;xof]u, jf sltko cj:yfdf,sfg'gL k|lqmofdf ;fy kfPsf 5g\ . oBlk, clwsf+zn] s'g} klg :j¿ksf] ;xof]u kfPsf 5}gg\ . s]xLyf]/} ckjfbx¿ afx]s, w]/}h;f]n] cfkm"n] ef]u]sf] HofbtLx¿sf af/]df cflwsfl/s lgsfox¿df ph'/L klg u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;xof]u gvf]Hg'df jf sfg'gL ¿kdf cfˆgf] d'2f cl3 ga9fpg'df w]/} pQ/bftfx¿n]o;f] ubf{ 36gf ;fj{hlgs ePdf o;n] cfˆgf] / kl/jf/sf] æabgfdLÆ lgDTofpg] 8/ g} d'Vo sf/0fePsf] atfP . cGo ;xefuLx¿n] eg] ;xof]usf nflu sxfF hfg] eGg] af/] s]xL yfxf geP/ klg o:tf]ePsf] xf] eGg] atfP .

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^= cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjtx¿sf tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLgcfjZostfx¿Pp6} cg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿ -g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsf] ;"rLs/0f / >]0fLs/0f cEof;x¿ / syfgs nlIft;d"x 5nkmnx¿_ k|of]u u/]/ kl/k"/0fLo Gofosf ;jfndf tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿ / bL3{sfnLGf cfsfª\Iff jf ck]Iffx¿sf] cGj]if0f ul/Psf] lyof] . xflgx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu klxnf] ;femf k|Zg;f]lwPsf] lyof] -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf] xsdf, ædfOnL÷;fOFnfsf tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿ s] x'g\ <Æ _, / bf]>f], olb klxrfg eO;s]sf tTsfnLg÷h?/L cfjZostfx¿ k'/f ePsf] eP, pgLx¿n]ef]u]sf] xflgx¿sf] ;Daf]wgsf nflu c? s] pkfox¿ cfjZos kb{5g\ -syfgs nlIft ;d"x5nkmnx¿df, olb oL tTsfnLg / h?/L cfjZostfx¿ k'/f eP eg], dfOnL / ;fOFnf tyf pgLx¿sfkl/jf/n] ef]u]sf xflgx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ c? s] s'/f cfjZos x'g ;Sb5<Æ_

tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg cfjZostfx¿aLrsf] km/sx¿ a'‰gsf nflu ;xefuLx¿sf nflu ;Fw} Tolt;xh lyPg . o;sf nflu pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] sNkgfnfO{ Ps km8\sf] k/ Pp6f o:tf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg'cfjZos lyof] hxfF pgLx¿sf] hLljsf;DaGwL / cGo clt h?/L cfjZostfx¿sf] ;Daf]wg eO;s]sf]xf];\ . tyflk, xflgx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{df yk s'g pkfox¿n] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 eGg] af/]df ;f]Rg]cj;/ pknAw u/fpFbf pgLx¿n] ef}lts / cef}lts cfjZostf jf ck]Iffx¿nfO{ lbPsf] k|fyldstfdfcfPsf] leGgtf eg] :ki6 lyof], h;nfO{ kl/k"/0f sfo{qmd / ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo k|lqmofx¿sf] th'{dfug{] qmddf ;fdfGotM Hofbf Wofg lbOg' kb{5 .

tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿

xTof ul/Psf / a]kQf kfl/Psf kl/jf/x¿sf] tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿sf] af/]df EfPsf] nlIft g[j+zlj1fgcWoog / syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn b'j}n] tLgj6f ;femf rl/qx¿;lxt ;dfg kl/0ffdx¿ lbP .klxnf], pQ/bftfx¿n] tTsfnLg ;fdflhs cfly{s pkfox¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbP . bf]>f], tTsfnLGfcfjZostfx¿df cef}lts pkfox¿ h:t} Goflos / u}/Goflos hjfkmb]lxtf k|s[ofx¿ klg kb{5g\ . /t]>f], tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd lnËn] klg k|efljt kfb{5 .

tTsfnLg ef}lts cfjZostfx¿

nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsf k'?if / dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] ljleGg tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿sf] klxrfgu/]sf 5g\ h;df ;fdflhs cfly{s cfjZostfx¿ k|d'v /x]sf 5g\ . cfwf eGbf a9L ;xefuLx¿n]cfwf/e"t hLljsf;DaGwL cfjZostfx¿sf af/]df s'/f p7fpg'n] b}GflGbg hLjg afFRgdf pgLx¿n] ef]u]sf] sl7gfOnfO{ ;ª\s]t ub{5 . cGtl/d /fxtn] s]xL clt h?/L cfjZostfx¿nfO{ lgjf/0f u/]sf]ePklg cNksfnLg cfly{s ;'/Iff lbnfpg ;s]sf] 5}Gf eGg] s'/fnfO{ klg k'gM hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .


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;a}eGbf Hofbf af/Daf/ pNn]v ul/Psf] cfly{s cfjZostfx¿df k|ToIf cfly{s ;xof]u, /f]huf/L /æufF;, jf;, / skf;Æ kb{5g\ . cfwf eGbf a9L dlxnfx¿ -%%=& k|ltzt_ / tLg rf}yfO k'?ifx¿-&!=& k|ltzt_n] klxrfg u/]sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ljleGg vfn] gub ;xof]ux¿ h:t} Ifltk"lt{, Psn dlxnfx¿sf nflu eQf, cfly{s eQf, / cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t pknAw u/fpg afFsL nfex¿sf]k"0f{ e'lQmfgL kb{5g\ . em08} tLg rf}yfO dlxnf / kfFr efusf] tLg efu k'?ifx¿n] /f]huf/LnfO{ tTsfnLgcfjZostfsf] ¿kdf klxrfg u/] -&!=$ k|ltzt dlxnfÙ ^)=( k|ltzt k'?if_, / cfwfeGbf s]xL sddlxnf / cfwf eGbf s]xL a9L k'?ifx¿n] æufF;, jf;, / skf;ÆnfO{ tTsfnLg cfjZostf -dlxnf$*=^ k|ltztÙ k'?if %^=% k|ltzt_ sf] ¿kdf lnP .

pQ/bftfx¿n] cGo lsl;dsf cfly{s cfjZostfx¿nfO{ klg ;"rLs/0f u/], t/ tL cfjZostfx¿ cln sd k6s / sd sd dxŒjsf ;fy pNn]v ul/Psf lyP . To:tf cfjZostfcGtu{t Joj;flos tflnd-!@=( k|ltzt dlxnfÙ ^=% k|ltzt k'?if_, 3/ -!)=( k|ltzt k'?ifx¿_ jf Jojf;fo -@=@ k|ltzt k'?ifx¿_sf] k'glg{df{0f, ;/sf/L÷lghL ;]jfdf cf/If0f -!=$ k|ltzt dlxnf_, / oftfoft ;'ljwfx¿-@=@ k|ltzt k'?ifx¿_ k/] .

cfFs8f $M cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnfx¿sf] pRr !) tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿ -k|ltzt / k|wfgtf_49

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49 k'/f ;"rLsf nflu x]g'{xf];\ tflnsf !! oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf

50 k'/f ;"rLsf nflu x]g'{xf];\ tflnsf !@ oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf

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;xefuLx¿n] cfwf/e"t ;]jfdflysf] kx'Rfsf] dxŒjnfO{ klg hf]8 lbP . ;dUf|df, cGtl/d /fxtsfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt em08} tLg rf}yfO dlxnfx¿ / kfFr efusf] rf/ efu k'?ifx¿n] lgMz'Ns lzIffnfO{tTsfnLGf cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf lnP / of] g} ;a}eGbf a9L af/Da/ pNn]v ul/Psf] cfjZostfdf k¥of]-&!=$ k|ltzt, / *@=^ k|ltzt, qmdzM_ . :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kxF'rnfO{ klg w]/}n] klxrfg u/]sf lyP,h;df nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsf Ps ltxfO eGbf a9L k'?if / dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] cf}ifwf]krf/x]/rfxnfO{ tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿df ;"rLa4 u/]sf lyP -#(=! k|ltzt / $@=( k|ltzt_ .

>]0fLs/0f cEof; / syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf qmddf klg cfly{s ;xof]u, /f]huf/L, lgMz'NslzIff, / æufF;, jf;, skf;Æ df p:t} hf]8 k'gM To:t} lsl;dsf] hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . cGtl/d /fxtsfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf / k'?ifx¿n] rf/j6f dxŒjk"0f{ cfjZostfx¿nfO{ em08} em08} p:t} lx;fadf >]0fLs[t u/] h;df /f]huf/L, cfly{s ;xof]u, tTsfnLg hLljsf;DaGwL cfjZostfx¿, /lgMz'Ns lzIffn] dflyNnf] bhf{ kfP -x]g'{xf];\ tflnsf # tn_ . lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ dlxnfx¿n]kfFRff+} :yfgdf / k'?ifx¿n] 5}6f}+ :yfgdf /fv] . syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuLx¿n] j[4x¿nfO{lgj[lQe/0f lbg' kg{]] s'/fnfO{ klg p7fP h'g dfu nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsf ;xefuLx¿n] p7fPsf lyPgg\ .

tflnsf $ M cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt k'?if / dlxnfx¿n] u/]sf] tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿sf]>]0fLs/0f51

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pQ/bftfx¿n] lzIffdf lbPsf] hf]8 ljrf/0fLo 5 . cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t a]kQf kfl/PsfJolQmx¿ jf d[tssf cfkmGtx¿n] tLg hgf ;Dd afnaflnsfx¿sf] nflu 5fqj[lQdf lgj]bg ug{ ldNg] k|fjwfg 5 . of] nfe cg';Gwfgdf ;xefuL ePsf pNn]Vo ;ª\Vofsf ;xefuLx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf5g\ / dxŒjsf cfwf/df klg t'ngfTds dfly g} /flvPsf] 5 -dlxnfx¿n] t]>f] / k'?ifx?n] 5}7f}+_-x]g'{xf];\ dfly æcGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t k|fKt ePsf nfex¿ / ;]jfu|fxLx¿sf] wf/0ffÆ_ . oBlk,hjfkmx¿n] s] b]vfpFb5 eg] of] Pp6f rfn' cfjZostf xf] . lzIffdf ;xof]u dlxnf / k'?if b'j}sfnflu dflyNnf] tLg dxŒjk"0f{ cfjZostfx¿dWo] g} kb{5 . tLg hgf eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ ePsf]7"nf] kl/jf/sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yfn] alxis/0f u/]sf] / k|bfgul/Psf] 5fqj[lQn] klg afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ :s'n k7fpFbf nfUg] jf:tljs vr{x¿ h:t} k':ts, kf]zfs

51 k'/f >]0fLs/0fsf] ;"rL x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL tflnsf !# / !$ df oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report- Annex.pdf


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/ oftfoft cflbnfO{ gcf]u6]sf] egL kLl8t / ltgsf kl/jf/x¿af6 cfOl;l6h]n] nuftf/ ;'Gg] u/]sf]u'gf;f]nfO{ o; cWoogsf] lgisif{n] k|ltlalDjt ub{5 . 5fqj[lQsf] nflu of]Uo x'g] !* jif]{ pd]/ xbnfO{klg w]/}n] cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ lsgeg] of] nfe pknAw x'g] a]nf;Dd kLl8tsf w]/} afnaflnsfx¿ klxNo} !* jif{ pd]/ k'lu;s]sf lyP eg] csf]{ tkm{ syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf sltko ;xefuLx¿n] eg] h:tf] yk lzIffsf nflu of] sfo{qmdcGtu{t s'g} ;xof]u 5}g .

hLljsf;DaGwL cfjZostfx¿ k'/f ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfdf 5fqj[lQx¿ g} pknAw ePklg afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ lzIff lbgdf eGbf klg ltgsf] >ddf k|fyldstf lbOPsf] x'G5 / klxNo}b]lv ljBfnolzIff k'/f ug{ jf lzIff xfFl;n ug{df ePsf c;dfgtfx¿nfO{ dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLx¿n] o;/L emg yk a9fpg] sfd ub{5 eGg] s'/ftkm{ klg ;xefuLx¿sf hjfkmx¿n] OlËt u/] .52 cfly{s / ;fdflhscfjZostfx¿ s;/L cGt{;DalGwt x'G5g\ / cfly{s sl7gfOn] cfwf/e"t vfB ;'/IffnfO{ dfq geP/cfwf/e"t ;]jfx¿dflysf] kx'Frdf g} s;/L c;/ kfb{5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ tnsf] l6Kk0fLn] k|sfz kfb{5 .

d}n] b'Mvlhnf] u/]/ sdfO arfPsf] ;a} k};f kl/jf/nfO{ v'jfpgdf g} vr{ ul//x]sf] 5' . !* jif{ ePkl5 d}n] 5f]/fnfO{ :s'n klg k7fpg ;lsg . !* jif{ eGbfd'lgsfx¿nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] 5fqj[lQn] xfdLnfO{ ca s'g} ;xof]u ub{}g . d]/f] 5f]/f]clxn] kl/jf/ wfGgs} nflu Pp6f >ldssf] ¿kdf sfd ub{5 . d]/f] eljiosf nflud 5f]/faf6 s]xL cfz ug{ ;lSbg . p ljZjljBfnodf uP/ k9\g v'a rfxGYof] .

– sGrgk'/sL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

olb s'g} kLl8tsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o la/fdL 5 eg], pgLx¿ pkrf/ ug{ ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg]pgLx¿sf] d'Vo cGgbftf g} ca pgLx¿;Fu 5}g . xfdL of] ;d:of ef]lu/x]sf 5f}+ .kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

– wg'iffsL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt Ps dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

yk lj:t[t kl/k"/0fx¿ k|bfg ug{df ePsf] l9nfOn] w]/}sf] hLjgdf sl7gfOx¿ al9/x]sf] 5 . a]kQfcfkmGtx¿sf] vf]hLdf nfu]sf] vr{, cf}ifwf]krf/;DaGwL vr{x¿, :s'n z'Ns h:tf cfly{s af]emx¿ al9/x]sf 5g\ . ;do laTb} hfg] qmddf oL / c? vr{x¿n] kLl8tx¿nfO{ yk C0f / ul/aLdf ws]n]sf]5 .

xfdLx¿ klg dfOnL h:t} 5f}+ . dfOnLn] h'g kL8f ef]u]sL 5g\ xfdL ;a}n] ef]u]sf]kL8f ToxL g} xf] . Tolta]nfsf] xfd|f] tTsfnLg rf;f] eg]sf] 8/ / vt/fdf al;/xg'k/]sf] cj:yf lyof], / s]xL ;dokl5 xfdLn] a]kQf cfkmGtx¿sf] vf]hLdf k};f vr{ug{ yfNof}+ . t/ k};f a]sf/df vr{ eof] / eO/x]sf] 5, To;kl5 ufF; / skf;sf;d:ofx¿ ef]lu/x]sf 5f}+ . xfDfLn] 3/df sdfO u/]/ Nofpg] JolQm klg u'dfof}+ . o;/Lxfd|f >Ldfg\sf] a]kQfn] kxf8} kxf8sf] ;d:of em]ln/x]sf 5f}+ .

52 l8lkm8÷ljZj a}+ssf] ;g\ @))^ sf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/, $# k|ltzt kxf8] blntx¿, &^ k|ltzt t/fO{sf blntx¿, / $% k|ltzt kxf8] hghfltx¿ :s'n uPsf 5}gg\ hasL t'ngfTds ¿kdf #) k|ltzt eGbf sd afx'g / If]qLx¿:s'n uPsf 5}gg\ . k|fylds / dfBflds tx k'/f ug{]df klg blntx¿sf] b/ lgs} sd 5 . x]g'{xf];\ æc;dfggful/sx¿ M g]kfndf n}lËs, hftLo jf hghftLo alxis/0fÆ -@))^_, http://siteresources.worldbank.

org/EXTSOCIALDEV/Resources/3177394-1168615404141/NepalGSEASummaryReport-part1.pdf.

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– sGrgk'/sL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt #* jif{sL dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

o;sf/0f /f]huf/LnfO{ klg tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf hf]8 lbOg' cfZro{sf] s'/f xf]Og lsgsL /f]huf/Ln] ul/aLaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg] / yk ;'/lIft cfly{s eljiolt/ n}hfg] Pp6f af6f]sf] k|ltlglWfTjub{5 . /f]huf/LnfO{ dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] ;a}eGbf pRr k|fyldstfdf /fv] eg] k'?ifx¿n] o;nfO{ t]>f]qmddf /fv] . b'j}n] Joj;flos tflndnfO{ pRr >]0fL klg lbP -dlxnfx¿n] cf7f}+ / k'?ifx¿n] afX|f}+_ .pgLx¿n] lbPsf] o:tf] hf]8n] ;xefuLx¿df cfly{s ;xof]u dfq eGbf klg cfˆgf] kl/jf/nfO{ :jtGq 9Ëdf ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] cj;/x¿sf ck]Iff /x]sf] OlËt ub{5 . kof{Kt cfDbfgLsf] ;fwgsf] cefjdfpQ/bftfx¿n] cfˆgf] afnaRrfsf] lzIff jf cGo vr{sf] nflu cfsl:ds cj:yfsf] ;fdgf ug{] pkfosf ¿kdf hUuf lalqm u/]sf] pNn]v u/] . sltkosf] nflu eg] cfsl:ds cj:yfsf] ;fdgf ug{]To:tf] s'g} cf8 jf e/f];f 5}Gf .

kl/jf/sf nflu k};f cfh{g ug{ xfdLnfO{ Pp6f hflu/sf] vfFrf] 5 . olb kl/jf/sf]sf]xL ;b:o /f]huf/ eP eg] slDtdf kof{Kt vfgf hf]xf] u/]/ ef]s t sdL ug{ ;lsg]lyof] .

– sfe|]sL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt Ps dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

dnfO{ h'g ;'s} vfn] ePklg Pp6f /f]huf/L rflxPsf] 5 tf ls o;n] d]/f] cfTdljZjf;a9fcf];\ . d}n] s'g} sfd ug{ kfPF eg] afnaRrfx¿nfO{ klg lzIff lbg ;Sg] lyPF .afnaRrfx¿sf] nflu s]xL hf]xf] ug{ ;Sg] lyPF . cfˆg} 3/ klg agfpg ;Sg] lyPF .

– h'DnfsL #@ jif{sL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

5f]/fnfO{ k9fpgsf nflu d}n] d]/f] hldg] a]r]F . p clxn] lzlIft 5, t/ p;Fu s'g}sfd 5}Gf . /f]huf/L dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 .

– l;/fxfsL $) jif{sL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

tTsfnLg cef}lts cfjZostfx¿

hLljsf;DaGwL cfjZostfx¿ / cfwf/Ef"Tf ;]jfx¿df kx'Frn] tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿sf] ;]/f]k]m/f]sf5nkmnx¿df a9L ;do lnPsf] eP klg, cef}lts cfjZostfx¿n] klg cNksfnLg k|fyldstfsf] ¿kdf 5nkmndf :yfg lnP . ækL8sx¿nfO{ ;hfoÆ, ;Tosf] vf]hL, / ;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQm÷klxrfgnfO{g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsf pNn]vgLo ;ª\Vofsf dlxnf / k'?if b'j} ;xefuLx¿n] p7fPsf 5g\, oBlk o;dfs]xL km/s af/Daf/tf, k|wfgtf, / >]0fLs/0f /x]sf] 5 .

kmf}hbf/L cg';Gwfg / cleof]hgsf] ¿kdf a'lemPsf] æækL8sx¿nfO{ ;hfoÆnfO{ Ps ltxfO eGbf a9Lk'?ifx¿ -#& k|ltzt_ n] p7fP hals o;nfO{ &=! k|ltzt dlxnfx¿n] dfq p7fPsf 5g\ . ;Tosf]vf]hLnfO{ em08} kfFr efusf] Ps efu k'?ifx¿ -!&=$ k|ltzt_ / !) k|ltzt dlxnfx¿n] p7fPsf5g\ . em08} ( k|ltzt k'?if / & k|ltzt dlxnfx¿n] ;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQmnfO{ k|fyldstfdf ;"rLs[tu/]sf 5g\ . ljrf/0fLo s] 5 oL ltg cf]6} cfjZostfnfO{ dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] !) pRr tTsfnLgcfjZostfx¿cGtu{t >]0fLs[t u/]sf 5g\ . ;Tosf] vf]hLdf klg plQs} hf]8 ul/Psf] 5 -dlxnf /k'?ifn] & cf}+ >]0fLdf /fv]sf, t/ k'?ifx¿n] kL8snfO{ ;hfodf a9L hf]8 lbPsf 5g\, h;nfO{ pgLx¿n]


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kfFrf}+ :yfg lbPsf 5g\ hasL dlxnfn] eg] o;nfO{ bzf}+ :yfg lbPsf 5g\ ._ of] ljifodf s]xL ;xefuLx¿sf] alnof] wf/0ffnfO{ tnsf] egfOn] k|ltljlDat ub{5 M

!) jif{] åGå dfcf]jfbL jf /fHo hf];'s}n] u/fPsf] ePklg, ufpFsf ;f]emf / lgbf{]ifkLl8tx¿nfO{ em"7f] cf/f]k nufpFb} dfl/Psf] lyof] . h;n] o;/L dflg;x¿ df/]pgnfO{ æcfd dfkmLÆ lbg'xFb}g . To:tfnfO{ cfhLjg sf/fjf; jf d[To'b08 lbg' kb{5/ p;sf] ;a} ;DklQ hkmt ul/g' kb{5 . xfdLnfO{ oxL Pp6f s'/fn] dfq zflGt lbg;Sb5, / To;}n] of] Psbd} uDeL/ cfjZostfx¿df kb{5 .

– slknj:t'sf cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt @^ jifL{o k'?if -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

;Tosf] vf]hLsf] ;jfndf, nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsf k'?if ;xefuLx¿n] ljz]if ¿kdf a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] vf]hLsf] af/]df pNn]v u/] -*=& k|ltzt_ . dlxnfx¿n] k|ToIf ¿kdf pNn]v gul/Psf]eP klg, æ;Tosf] vf]hLÆsf] cfjZostfsf] ;jfndf of] s'/f cGtlg{lxt g} lyof] . syfgs nlIft ;d"x5nkmnsf dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] klg a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] vf]hLsf] s'/fnfO{ ljz]if¿kdf pNn]v u/] / pgLx¿sf] ljrf/df nflu ;Tosf] vf]hL / cGo cfjZostfx¿aLr ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 . a]kQfkfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] >LdtLx¿sf] af/]df cfOl;l6h]n] u/]sf] cg';Gwfg / a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf]kl/jf/x¿;Fusf] hf/L cGtlq{mofdf klg o:t} ljrf/x¿ k|s6 ePsf 5g\, h;df pgLx¿n] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cfˆgf cfkmGtx¿sf] cj:yf yfxf kfpg dfu u/]sf 5g\ .53

olb pxfF -a]kQf JolQm_ hLljt x'g'x'Gg eg], xfdLnfO{ slDtdf pxfFsf] d[To'sf] k|df0f jf d[t zl// rflxof] . olb pxfF d[t xf] eGg] :yflkt ePsf] eP xfdL;Fu Ppb}dfq kL8f x'g] lyof] . kLl8tx¿n] cfˆgf lk|ohgx¿ a]kQf ePsf] sf/0f >[lhtdfgl;s :jf:Yo ;d:ofnfO{ pkrf/ u/fpFb}df ;DklQ ;ls;s]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n]o:tf la/fdLx¿sf] pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 . ;s];Dd l56f] Ifltk"lt{ / cGo;xof]ux¿ k|bfg ug{' kb{5 . oL ;a}sf nflu 36gfx¿sf jf:tljs ;To tYox¿sf]phfu/ ul/g' kb{5 .

– wg'iffsL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog / syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuLx¿n] ljz]if :j¿ksf]:jLsf/f]lQmnfO{ tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf klxrfg u/]sf 5g\ . k'?ifx¿n] kLl8tx¿nfO{ zxLbsf¿kdf klxrfg ul/g'kg{] -^=% k|ltzt_ / zxLbx¿sf] gfddf zflnsx¿ agfpg' kg{] -of] klg ^=%k|ltzt_ cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/]sf 5g\ / lognfO{ ;du|df qmdzM !! / !@ cf}+ :yfgdf /fv]sf 5g\ .dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] æ;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQmnfO{ ;fdfGot !) cf}+ pRr tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿dWo]df>]0fLs[t u/]sf 5g\ -qmdzM gjf}+ / bzf}+_ . :d[lt :df/sx¿ agfpg] sfdnfO{ syfgs nlIft ;d"x5nkmndf klg p7fOPsf] lyof] . åGådf 5f]/f dfl/PsL Pshgf cfdfsf] zAbdf M

d]/f] 5f]/fnfO{ gf} jif{ cl3 dfl/of] / p zxLb eof] . x/]s jif{ Tof] lbg d d]/f] 5f]/fsf]gfddf %)) ?k}ofF, s]xL srf}/f, lunf;, Kn]6 / k|df0fkqx¿ afF8\b5' . d}n] 5f]/fsf]Pp6f zflns klg agfpg nufPsf] 5', Pp6f ?v /f]k]/ 5f]/fsf] af/]df Pp6f ;"rgfkf6L /fv]sL 5' hxfF dflg;x¿ a;]/ lztn lnG5g\ . of] d}n] d]/f] cfˆg} zflGtsf nflu

53 x]g'{xf];\ cfOl;l6h], æ/fxtsf cltl/Qm g]kfndf a]kQf kfl/Psf kLl8tsf >LdtLx¿sf] clwsf/ / cfjZostfsf];Daf]wgÆ -@)!#_, https://ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Briefing-Nepal-WivesofDisappeared-2013.pdf

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/ d]/f] 5f]/fsf] cfTdfsf] nflu klg u/]sf] 5' . d dflg;x¿n] cfly{s ;xfotf cflbOToflb dfu]sf] af/]df ;'G5', t/ h] u/] klg d/]sf JolQmx¿sf] ;Demgf ul/g' kb{5 .

– h'DnfsL Pshgf cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt ^% jifL{o dlxnf -syfgsnlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

cl3Nnf] egfOn] JofVof u/] h:t} cflwsfl/s dfGotf jf :jLs[ltsf] cefjdf, s]xL kLl8tsf kl/jf/x¿n] cfkm}+ zflnsx¿ agfpg] jf :d/0f;DaGwL cGo s'g sfdx¿ ;'? u/]sf 5g\ . s'g xb;Dd of]cEof; ul/Psf] 5 o;sf] af/]df :ki6 hfgsf/L 5}Gf . oBlk, @)!# l8;]Da/df cfOl;l6h]n] bfª, df]/Ë,/ ;'g;/Ldf u/]sf] b'O{j6f cWoog e|d0fdf oL cEof;x¿ s]xL lj:t[t g} ePsf] kfOof] . xTof ul/Psf/ a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] ;Demgfdf agfOPsf o:tf cf7 j6f :d[lt :df/sx¿sf] klxrfg ul/of] .Pp6f ckjfb afx]s, ;a} :df/sx¿ kLl8t kl/jf/s} cu'jfOdf / aflx/L s'g} klg ;xof]u lagf pgLx¿s};xof]udf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . oBlk, of] cg';Gwfgsf ;xefuLx¿sf cg';f/ o:tf lghL sfdx¿n]kLl8tx¿n] cflwsfl/s 9Ëdf kfpg' kg]{ klxrfg jf ;Ddfgsf] k|lt:yfkg ub}{g . tnsf] egfOdfelgPh:t}, ;Gt'li6 k|fKt ug]{ ljljw pkfox¿dWo] ;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQm / klxrfg klg Ps x'g ;Sb5 M

pgLx¿sf] ;Demgfdf Pp6f zxLb pBfg agfpg' kb{5 . kLl8tx¿sf] ;Gt'li6sf nflu,/fHon] ;To kQf nufpg / kL8sx¿nfO sf/afxL ug{ lhDd]jf/L lng' kb{5 .

– cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt l;/fxfsf Ps k'?if -syfgs nlIft 5nkmn ;d"x_

cGo cef}lts cfjZostf jf dfux¿nfO{ klg p7fOPsf] 5 . dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] ;"rLs/0f u/]sfcfjZostf jf dfux¿df kLl8tx¿sf nflu kl/r okq -^=% k|ltzt k'?ifx¿ / !$=# k|ltztdlxnfx¿n] pNn]v u/]sf, / dlxnfx¿n] 5}7f}+ / k'?ifx¿n] afx|f}+ :yfgdf >]0fLs[t_ klg kb{5 . of]kLl8tx¿sf] bL3{sfnLg dfu xf] h'g of] k|ltj]bgdf dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] ljBdfg cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf ;'ljwfx¿ k|fKt ug{] ;jfndf lgj]bg lbg] a]nfdf kLl8tx¿n] em]Ng] u/]sf k|zf;sLo pNemg / k|df0f;DaGwL sfuhftx¿ h'6fpg' kg{] em0em6Lnf cfjZostfx¿sf] ;Gbe{df ;fGble{s 5 .kl/ro kqn] ;'ljwfx¿pk/sf] kx'Frdf ;'wf/ Nofpg / dlxnfx¿n] ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ e]6\bf cS;/ef]Ug] u/]sf lje]bx¿sf] hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f ug{ s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 eGg] s'/f cGo cg';Gwfgx¿n] cf}+NofPsf 5g\ .54

;/sf/n] kl/ro kq lbg] sbd klg p7fPsf] 5 h;sf nflu p;n] ;g\ @)!@ df d[To'j/0f u/]sf /a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;/sf/L ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿ kfpg ;lhnf] xf];\ eGg] p2]Zosf ;fy lgb{]lzsf hf/L u/]sf] lyof] . -of] sbdn] oftgf / of}lgs tyf n}ª\lus lx+;f nufotsf cGo dfgjclwsf/HofbtLx¿nfO{ eg] ;d]6]sf] lyPg ._ oBlk, kLl8t ;Ë7gx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;jf]{Rrdf sfg'gL r'gf}tL v8f u/]kl5 / g]kfnsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cui6 @)!# df cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/] kl5 of] k|lqmof/f]lsPsf] lyof] .55 ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] d'2f ;g\ @)!$ cui6df ;'g'jfO x'g] ldlt to u/]sf] lyof], t/ xfnnfO{ o;sf] ;'g'jfO ;g\ @)!$ l8;]Dj/sf nflu ;/]sf] 5 . o;}aLrdf, gof cfPsf] a]kQf tyf ;To

54 P]hg .55 @)&) >fj0f ( df ;jf]{Rr cbfndf bfo/ ul/Psf] l/6 lgj]bgn] kl/ro kqdf /flvPsf] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]unfO{

r'gf}tL u/]sf] 5 h;cg';f/ ;g\ !((^ b]lv @))^ ;Dd ePsf] g]kfnsf] ;z:q åGånfO{ æhgo'4Æ egL hgfOPsf]5 h'g zAbfjnL ;fdfGotof dfcf]jfbL;Fu hf]l8Psf] h;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLaf6 ePsf HofbtLx¿af6 kLl8t ePsfx¿n]OGsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . of] lgj]bgn] of] zAbfjnL kl/jt{g ul/ æ;z:q åGåÆsf kLl8tx¿ egL kl/jt{g ug{ dfu u/]sf]5, h'g a9L t6iy zAbfjnLsf] ¿kdf dflgG5 / cGtl/d ;+ljwfg nufot cGo cflwsf/Ls b:tfj]hx¿df klgk|of]u ePsf] 5 .


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cfof]u;DaGwL P]gdf klg kLl8tx¿nfO{ kl/ro kq hf/L ug{] eGg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 .56

t'ngfTds ¿kdf sd pNn]v ePsf] eP klg s]xL pQ/bftfx¿n] dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf] k'g/fj[lQ gx'g ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] jf lgjf/s pkfox¿sf af/]df klg pNn]v u/] . pbfx/0fsf nflu nlIft g[j+zlj1fgcWoogsf k'?if ;xefuLx¿n] ædfgjclwsf/df ;r]tgf hufpg]Æ -@=@ k|ltzt_ / æb]ze/L ljlwsf]zf;g :yfkgf ug{]Æ -@=@ k|ltzt_ eGg] pNn]v u/] . syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmndf, s]xL dlxnfx¿n]xflg æk'gMgbf]xf]l/g]Æ s'/f ;'lglZrt ug{' kg]{ s'/fnfO{ p7fP, / w]/}n] æ;'/IffÆ / æd]nldnfkÆnfO{ klgp7fP .57 syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf k'?if ;xefuLx¿n] klg æzflGt / PstfÆsf] af/]df k6sk6s pNn]v u/]sf lyP .

gful/snfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug'{ /fHosf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L xf] . olb /fHon] zflGt ;'/Iff:yfkgf ug{ ;s]sf] eP åGå ;'? g} x'g] lyPg, / xfdLn] olt w]/] ;d:of ef]Ug' kg{]lyPg . To;}n] b]zdf zflGt / ;'/Iff xfd|f] Pp6f k|d'v cfjZostf xf] .

– l;/fxfsL Pshgf cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iff tyf dfux¿

dfly elgPem}+ ;xefuLx¿n] tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffx¿sf] af/]df ulx/f] lEfGgtf b]vfPsf5}gg\ . oBlk, kl/0ffdx¿n] tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg cfjZostfx¿ aLrdf lg/Gt/tf / kl/jt{gsf ;fy} Pp6f ;fdfGo k|j[lQnfO{ b]vfPsf 5g\ . d'Vo km/s eg]sf] cef}lts pkfox¿df lbPsf] hf]8 xf] .lgisif{x¿n] ljleGg wf/0ffx¿ klg ;Í]t u/]sf 5g\ h;df s]xL n}ª\lus leGgtfx¿, / dxŒjk"0f{ ¿kdf, tTsfnLg ;fdflhs cfly{s cfjZostfx¿ / bL3{sfnLg cef}lts cfsfª\Iffx¿aLrsf] ;DaGw klgkb{5g\ .

bL3{sfnLg cef}lts cfsfª\Iffx¿

bL3{sfnLg cfjZostfx¿ jf kl/k"/0fLo Gofosf] cfsfª\IffnfO{ klxrfg ug{ nufpFbf cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] cef}lts pkfox¿nfO{ tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿nfO{ eGbfa9L af/Daf/tf ;lxt ;"rLs/0f u/] / ltgnfO{ pRr >]0fLdf /fv] . bz cf]6f ;a}eGbf af/Daf/ pNn]vul/Psf cfsfª\Iffx¿df, dlxnf / k'?ifx¿ b'j}n] klxNo} tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿sf ¿kdf klxrfgeO;s]sf ljljw pkfox¿sf] pNn]v u/] . logdf ;fj{hlgs÷cflwsfl/s :jLsf/f]lQm, h;nfO{ cfwfeGbf a9L k'?ifx¿ -k'?ifx¿ %@=@ k|ltzt, dlxnfx¿ !$=# k|ltzt_n] ;"rLs/0f u/]Ù ;Tosf] vf]hL, h;nfO{ em08} Ps ltxfO dlxnfx¿ -dlxnfx¿ #!=$ k|ltzt, k'?ifx¿ !)=( k|ltzt_n] ;"rLs/0f u/]Ù / ækL8sx¿nfO{ ;hfo,Æ h;nfO{ of] k6s a9L af/Daf/tfsf ;fy dlxnfx¿n] pNn]v u/]sf lyP-dlxnf @@=( k|ltzt, k'?ifx¿ !)=( k|ltzt_ . !(=^ k|ltzt k'?ifx¿n] åGåkLl8tx¿sf nflu kl/rokqsf] af/]df pNn]v u/] -^=% k|ltztn] o;nfO{ tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf ;"rLs/0f u/]_ .

tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf ¿kdf ljz]if ¿kdf b]vf gk/]sf jf b]vf kb}{ gk/]sf cfjZostfx¿ bL3{sfnsf nflu eg] k|fyldstfsf ¿kdf cl3 cfP . æzflGtÆnfO{ kfFr efusf] Ps efu k'?if / dlxnfx¿ -!(=^k|ltzt / !*=^ k|ltzt qmdzM_n] pNn]v u/]sf lyP . kfFr efusf] Ps efu dlxnfx¿ -@) k|ltzt_n]bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf ¿kdf æk'gM gbf]xf]/Lg]Æ s'/fnfO{ ljz]if ¿kdf pNn]v u/] . JolQmut ;'/Iff, 8// qf;af6 pGd'lQm, / yk dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLx¿lj?4sf] ;+/If0f sf ;fy} ;fdflhs, cfly{s ;'/Iffnufotsf ljljw s'/fx¿ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg] æ;fdflhs ;'/IffÆnfO{ !&=$ k|ltzt k'?ifx¿n] p7fP, oBlk

56 a]kQf JolQmx¿sf] 5fglag, ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u P]g @)&!, wf/f !# -r_ .57 k'gMgbf]xf]l/g] EfGgsf nflu ;xefuLx¿n] æåGå km]/L gbf]xfl/of];\Æ jf ækm]/L åGå gxf];\Æ egL pNn]v u/]sf lyP .

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dfq *=^ k|ltzt dlxnfx¿n] of] s'/fnfO{ p7fPsf lyP .

cfFs8f ^ M cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnfx¿sf] pRr !) bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffx¿-k|ltzt / k|wfgtf_58

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

cef}lts cfjZostf jf cfsfª\Iffx¿df lbPsf] hf]8sf] kl/jt{g >]0fLs/0fdf klg emlNsPsf] 5 . s]xL lglZrt ;fdflhs cfly{s cfjZostfx¿nfO{ pRr >]0fLdf /flvPs} eP klg, tTsfnLgcfjZostfx¿sf] ;Daf]wg ePkl5 k'?ifx¿sf] nflu ;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQm ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ dfu aGof] / ef}lts cfjZostfx¿ eGbf klg cl3 cfof] . ;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQmnfO{ dlxnfx¿n] klg bL3{sfnLgcfsfª\Iffsf ¿kdf t'ngfTds lx;fjdf pRr >]0fLDff -kfFrf}+ pRr_ /fv]sf 5g\ .

clwsf+z pQ/bftfx¿n] :jLsf/f]lQmnfO{ æzxLb 3f]if0ffÆsf] cy{df JoQm u/], / k|fKt hjfkmx¿n] s] OlËtub{5 eg] Pp6f p2]Zosf nflu alnbfg u/]sf] ¿kdf ul/Psf] :jLsf/f]lQm dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf kLl8tx¿sf] ¿kdf lbOPsf] :jLsf/f]lQm eGbf w]/} dxŒjk"0f{ x'g ;Sb5 .59 k'?if ;xefuLx¿n] zxfbtn] eflj k':tfnfO kLl8tn] u/]sf] alnbfg / åGåsf 36gfx¿sf] af/]df ;Demg Pp6f dfWodsf] sfd ug{] /cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf lk|o ;b:onfO{ /fHon] u/]sf] ;Ddfg / klxrfgn] cfTd;Gt'li6 lbg] s'/f pNn]v u/] .;Defljt ;fÍ]lts pkfox¿sf 7f]; pbfx/0fdf ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfsf 7fpFx¿ -;fj{hlgs pBfg, :s'n, ;ef sIf, ;8s, k'n cflb_ zxLbsf] gfdcg';f/ gfdfs/0f ug]{ jf pgLx¿sf] :df/s agfpg] cflb kb{5g\ . cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t nfeflGjt Pshgf k'?ifsf] tn plNnlvt l6Kk0fL] ;fj{hlgs:jLsf/f]lQm;Fu ;DalGwt 5 M

;/sf/n] xfd|f] 5f]/fnfO{ d[t eg]/ 3f]if0f u¥of], / ca ;/sf/n] p;nfO{ zxLb 3f]if0ffug{' kb{5 . ufpFdf p;sf] gfddf Pp6f zflns agfpg' k5{ . o;n] xfdLnfO{ ;Gt'li6lbG5 .

58 k'/f ;"rLsf nflu x]g{'xf];\ cg';"rL tflnsf !% oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf 59 æzxLbÆ /fHosf lj?4 ;g\ !($) / !(^) df k|hftGqsf nflu ePsf ;ª\3if{x¿sf] ;Gbe{Dff / ;g\ !(() sf]

hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;Gbe{df k|o'Qm ePsf] zAbfjnL xf] oBlk of] zAbfjnL ;g\ !((^ b]lv @))^ ;Ddsf] ;z:q åGåsf] cjlwdf a9L :yflkt eof] h'g a]nf dfcf]jfbLx¿n] of] zAbfjnL cfˆgf dfl/Psf sfo{stf{x¿ jf /fHoåf/f dfl/Psf jf a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿nfO{ hgfpg k|of]u ul/GYof] . kl5, o;nfO{ ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx¿n] klg k|of]uu/]sf 5g\ vf;ul/ kLl8tx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ / klxrfg lbg / o;/L k|bfg ul/g] zxfbttfaf6 kmfObf lngsf nflu .g]kfndf zxfbt;DaGwL yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu x]g'{{'xf];\, d]/L nsDt] l6n'Og, æzxLbx¿ / g]kfnsf hgo'4sf hLljt

zlxbx¿Æ, ;fpy Pl;of dlN6l8l;lKng/L ofs8]lds hg{n -@)!)_, http://samaj.revues.org/3018#tocto1n2


www.ictj.org46


– cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt wg'iffsf %% jifL{o k'?if -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

cfFs8f & M cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt k'?ifx¿sf] pRr !) bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffx¿ -k|ltzt/ k|wfgtf_60

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQm -kL8ltx¿nfO{ zxLb 3f]if0ff u/]/ jf zxLbx¿sf] ;Demgfdf zflnsx¿ agfP/ JoQm ul/Psf ;d]t_ dlxnf ;xefuLx¿sf nflu klg bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf lx;fadf w]/} dxŒjk"0f{ x'g cfof], oBlk o;nfO{ pgLx¿n] k'?ifn] lbPs} k|fyldstf eg] lbPgg\ . tyflk, tnsf] l6Kk0fLn]u'dfOPsf] s'/fnfO{ ;fy{s x'g lbgdf klxrfg jf ;fj{hls :jLsf/f]lQsf] dxŒjnfO{ bzf{pFb5 .

/fHon] olb d]/f] >LdfngnfO{ zxLb 3f]if0ff u/]df xfdL ;Gt'i6 x'G5f}+ . xfdL To;kl5l/;fpg] 5}Gff}+ . xfdLnfO{ s] cfefif x'g] 5 eg] d]/f] >Ldfgsf] /ut Joy{df vf]nfdfau]/ v]/ uPg .

– cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt h'DnfsL #@ jifL{o dlxnf -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

;z:q åGåsf qmddf dfl/Psf jf a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf] hGd / d[To' ldlt ;lxtsf]:df/s agfpg' cfjZos 5 . o;sf ;fy} uflj;df ;fj{hlgs pBfg klg agfpg'k5{ . o;n] dnfO{ v';L agfpg] 5, / efjL k':tfx¿n] klg pgLx¿nfO ;Demg] 5g\ .

– cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt sGrgk'/sf @% jifL{o k'?if -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

tflnsf % M cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf / k'?ifx¿sf bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffx¿sf]>]0fLs/0f61

-l6Kk0fL M ætTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿Æsf] >]0fLs/0fnfO{ sf]i7sdf b]vfOPsf] 5_

60 k'/f ;"rLsf nflu x]g'{xf;\ cg';"rL tflnsf !^ oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf

61 k'/f >]0fLs/0fsf] nflu x]g'{xf];\ tflnsf !& / !* oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf

www.ictj.org 47



! @ # $ %

dlxnfcfly{s ;xof]u

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vf]hL_

Joj;flos tflnd-;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQm_

k'?ifx¿n] zflGt, kl/ro kq, / ;Tosf] vf]hLnfO{ qmdzM 5}6f}+, ;ftf}+ / gjf}+ :yfgdf >]0fLs[t u/] .kL8sx¿nfO{ ;hfo, h;nfO{ k'?ifx¿n] tTsfnLg jf h?/L cfjZostfx¿df kfFrf}+ :yfgdf >]0fLs[t u/]sf lyP, bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf] ;Gbe{df eg] P3f/f}+ :yfgdf em/]sf] 5 .

dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf ¿kdf ækL8sx¿nfO{ ;hfoÆ lbg'kg{] s'/fnfO{ a9L k|fyldstfdf /fv] . pGfLx¿sf nflu ;hfo Pp6f lgjf/s jf lg/f]]ws pkfosf] ¿kdf / Pp6f ck/fwePsf] s'/fsf] :jLsf/f]lQm tyf d[tssf] k|lti7fsf] klxrfg b'j} ePsf] eGg] cy{df a'lemPsf] b]lvG5 .sfe|] lhNnfsL Ps dlxnfsf] zAbdf M

kL8snfO{ ;hfo ugf{n] åGåkLl8tnfO{ Ps k|sf/sf] dfgl;s /fxt k'Ub5 . o;n]åGåkLl8tsf] kl/jf/x¿nfO{ ;Gt'li6 lbG5 . olb kL8sx¿nfO{ ;hfo ul/of] eg],pgLx¿n] eljiodf k'gM ck/fw ug{] 5}gg\ .

– sfe|]sL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt Ps dlxnf -lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{ @_ -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

;Tosf] vf]hLnfO{ dlxnfx¿n] tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf ¿kdf klxNo} k|fylds ¿kdf klxrfg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{ pgLx¿n] bL3{sfnLg ;Gbe{Dff emg\ a9L dxŒjk"0f{ ¿kdf lnP -dlxnfx¿n] ;Tosf] vf]hLnfO{ t]>f] :yfg lbP ha ls k'?ifx¿n] o;nfO{ gjf}+ :yfg lbP_ . zflGtsf nflu of]ubfg lbg/ eljiodf x'g ;Sg] abnfsf ultljlwx¿lj?4 ;+/If0f lbgdf ;Tosf] e"ldsfsf] ;Gbe{df dxŒjk"0f{ wf/0ffx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . Ps hgf a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf >LdtLsf] cg';f/ M

/fHodf zflGt / cdgRf}g :yfkgf ug{sf nflu ;Tosf] vf]hL ug'{ Psbd} dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . xfd|f s]6fs]6Lx¿n] ltgsf a'afnfO{ s;/L / lsg a]kQf kfl/Psf] lyof] eGg]


www.ictj.org48


yfx kfpg] 5g\ . olb ;To yfx kfpg ;s]gg\ eg] pgLx¿n] klg s]xL g/fd|f] ug{ a]/nfpFb}gg\ .

– alb{ofsL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt Pshgf dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

sGrgk'/sL Pshgf dlxnfn] klg tn o:t} egfO /fv]sL 5g\ . pgn] a]kQf kfl/Psf >LdtLx¿n]ef]u]sf ;fdflhs snª\snfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Tosf] vf]hLsf] dxŒjnfO{ bzf{pFb} ;fdflhs cfly{s cfjZostfx¿ jf ef}lts cfjZostfx¿nfO{ cef}lts cfjZostfx¿ h:t} ;Tosf] vf]hLaf6 cnu ug{ x'g] sl7gfOsf af/]df klg k|sfz kf/]sL 5g\ .

dfOnLsf cfjZostfx¿ pgsf afnaflnsfx¿ x'sf{pg] / ltgnfO{ lzIff lbg] ;Gbe{dfdfq geP/ pgsf] >Ldfg\sf] vf]hL;Fu klg ;DalGwt 5g\ . pgL /ft lbg cfˆgf] >Ldfg\sf] gfd hk]/ a;]sL l5g\ . ;dfhn] pgnfO{ x]osf] efjgfn] x]b{5 / l;km{ >Ldfg\gePsf] sf/0f pgnfO{ g/fd|f] gfd lbG5 . oxL g} d'Vo ;d:of xf] . / o;sf] ;dfwfgeg]sf] pgsf] >Ldfg\sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df ;To kQf nufpg' g} xf] . ;To kQf nufP/pgsf] >Ldfg\ d/]sf x'g\ jf lhpFbf 5g\ egL olsg ug{] lhDd]jf/L /fHosf] xf] .

– sGrgk'/sL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt Pshgf @( jifL{o dlxnf -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

;fwf/0ftof, >Ldfg\ jf cGo kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ u'dfPsf dlxnf pQ/bftfx¿n] dfgjclwsf/ HofbtLsf] k'g/fj[lQnfO{ /f]Sg] pkfox¿sf] cfjZostfdf / cfˆgf afnaRrfx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft eljio k|bfg ug{] af/]dfWofg s]lGb|t ug{ vf]h] . oBlk dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] b]zsf] eflj ljsf;sf] nflu zflGt dxŒjk"0f{ x'g] eGb} zflGt k|ltsf] cfsfª\Iff klg JoQm u/], h;cg';f/ zflGtnfO{ pgLx¿n] qmdzM rf}yf] / 5}7f}+ >]0fLdf/fv] .

cGTodf, d[ts / a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf dlxnf cfkmGtx¿n] klxrfg u/]sf dgf]j}1flgs xflgx¿-dfgl;s tgfj÷æoftgfÆ_ / ;fdflhs xflgx¿ -;fdflhs lje]b / kl/jf/af6 b'Jo{jxf/_sf] k|ltljlDatub{{}, syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] k'gMk|flKtsf] k'g:yf{ksLo cfofdx¿df k'?ifx¿n] eGbf a9L Wofg s]lGb|t ug{ vf]h] . o;df dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{, ;d'bfoaf6 a9L ;xof]u,;dfhdf cln a9L ultzLntf, cflwsfl/s Ifdf ofrgf, / xflgx¿sf] k'g/fj[lQ /f]Sg] k|of;x¿ cflbkb{5g\ . kl/k"/0fsf ljleGg pkfox¿aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ k'gMcf}+NofpFb} s]xL pQ/bftfn] kl/jf/, ;dfh, /j[xQ/ ;dfhdf cfˆgf] :yfg k'g:yf{lkt ugsf{ nflu kLl8tsf xflgx¿sf] /fHoåf/f ePsf] cflwsfl/s :jLsf/flQm jf dfGotf Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ tTjsf ¿kdf /xg] atfP . /f]NkfsL Ps hgf dlxnfsf] zAbdf M

dnfO{ ;a}n] æx]nf u5{g\Æ / bafa lbG5g\ . olb ;/sf/n] dnfO{ ;Ddfg\ ug{] xf] eg];dfhn] dnfO{ g/fd|f] Jojxf/ ug{] lyPg .

– /f]NkfsL cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt #* jifL{of dlxnf -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

bL3{sfnLg ef}lts cfsfª\Iff tyf dfux¿

æh?/L cfjZostfx¿ k'/f ePkl5 xflgx¿ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu c? s] rflxG5 <Æ eGg] k|Zgsf]hjfkmdf ;xefuLx¿n] cef}lts cfjZostfx¿df a9L Wofg lbPsf] eP klg cfly{s / cGo ef}ltscfjZostfx¿nfO{ klg lg/Gt/ p7fO/x] . dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] hLljsf;DaGwL æufF;, jf;, / skf;Æsf]cfjZostfx¿nfO{ sd af/Daf/tfdf p7fPsf lyP / o;nfO{ >]0fLs/0f klg s]xL tn g} u/]sf lyP .

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o;f] x'g'df ;fob hLljsf;DaGwL cfjZostfx¿ k'/f x'G5g\ g} eGg] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t ePsf]n] klg x'g ;Sb5 . oBlk, tTsfnLg eg]/ klxrfg ul/Psf cGo ;fdflhs cfly{s cfjZostfx¿ kl/k"/0fLoGofosf nflu bL3{sfnLGf cfsfª\Iffsf ¿kdf b]vf kl/ g} /x] . logdf vf;u/L cfly{s ;xof]u, /f]huf/L,Joj;flos tflnd, lgMz'Ns lzIff, / lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf kb{5g\ . dlxnf / k'?ifx¿aLrdf oLcfjZostfx¿sf] >]0fLs/0f s]xL xNsf km/s b]lvP h;df n}ª\lus e"ldsf / dlxnfx¿n] / To;df klgljz]ifu/L ljwjf jf a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf >LdtLx¿n] a]xf]g'{ kg]{ cltl/Qm af]emnfO{ ;d]t emNsfpg] vfnsf] pkrf/df s]lGb|t bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffx¿nfO{ dlxnfx¿n] JoQm u/] .

cufl8 pNn]v ul/Ph:t} dlxnfx¿n] ef}lts cfjZostfx¿ k'/f ePkZrft Ifltk"lt{x¿sf cef}lts kIfx¿ -;To lg¿k0f, zflGt, ;fdflhs klxrfg tyf ;hfo_ h;n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;dfhdf k"0f{¿kdf k'g:yf{lkt ug{ ;sf];\, To:tf ljifox¿nfO{ k'?ifx¿n] eGbf a9L dxŒj lbFb} / k6s–k6s pNn]vu/] . pgLx¿n] bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf cfly{s ;'/Iff sfod ug]{ ef}lts cfsfª\Iffx¿nfO{ klg a9L hf]8lbP . cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf cfwfeGbf Hofbf dlxnf nfeflGjt -%@=( k|ltzt_n] cfly{s;xfotfsf] lg/Gt/tfnfO{ bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf ¿kdf ;a}eGbf pRr k|fyldstfdf /fv] . cGtl/d/fxt sfo{qmdsf nfeflGjt k'?ifx¿n] klg cfly{s ;xfotfnfO{ pNn]v u/]sf] ePtfklg sl/a Ps rf}yfO -@*=# k|ltzt_n] dfq / Tof] klg Go"g txdf -rf}yf]_ /fv] . dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}n] /f]huf/LnfO{bf];|f] ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf ¿kdf pNn]v u/] . lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf;xfotfdf b'j}sf] ;dy{g hf/L /Xof], t/ k'?ifx¿n] To:tf ;]jfx¿sf] bL3{sfnLg kx'Frdf a9L hf]8 lbP / ltlgx¿nfO{ qmdzM t];|f] / kfFrf} bhf{ lbP h;nfO{ dlxnfx¿n] cef}lts k|fyldstfeGbf d'lg gjf}F /bzf}F :yfgdf /fv]sf lyP .

Eff}lts cyjf cef}lts nfex¿df ;dfgtfsf] laifo ljz]ifu/L dlxnfx¿n] p7fPsf lyP . tTsfnsf]cfjZostfsf ¿kdf pNn]v ePtfklg of] d"VotM bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf ¿kdf lrlqt /x]sf] lyof] .;dfgtfnfO{ ljleGg ju{sf kLl8tx¿aLr ;dfg nfe ;'lglZrt ug]{ ljifo;Fu dfq nlIft gu/L åGåsf b'j} kIfx¿x¿nfO{ ;d]t nlIft ul/Psf] lyof] . æls;fgsf >LdtLx¿Æ tyf æsd{rf/Lsf cfkmGtx¿ÆaLrsf] leGgtf klg pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] / Tof] leGgtfnfO{ ;z:q åGåsf sf/0f dfl/Psf jf a]kQfkfl/Psf d[ts tyf a]kQfx¿sf ljkGg cfkmGtx¿ tyf ;'/Iff kmf}hx¿sf ;b:ox¿sf cfkmGtx¿ aLrsf] leGgtfsf ¿kdf a'lemPsf] lyof] . 62

62 zxLbx¿ -d[ts_sf kl/jf/x¿ tyf a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] kl/jf/x¿nfO{ ;dfg nfe x'g'kg{] eGg] ljifonfO{ !$cf}F bhf{df bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf ¿kdf c+lst ul/Psf] lyof]Ù /fHo tyf dfcf]jfbL anåf/f kLl8t agfO{Psfx¿sf] aLrsf] ;dfgtf !%cf}FÙ tyf æls;fgsf >LdtLx¿Æ tyf æsd{rf/Lsf cfkmGtÆ aLr ;dfg nfenfO{ !*cf}F bhf{df /flvPsf] lyof] .


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&= oftgfkLl8tx¿sf tTsfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg cfjZostfx¿

kl/k"/0fLo Gofosf nflu oftgfkLl8tx¿sf tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿ / ltgLx¿sf bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iff

jf ck]Iffx¿ ;dfg ljlwx¿sf] k|of]u u/L lgSof}{n ul/Psf lyP M k'?ifx¿sf nflu nlIft g[j+zlj1fg

cWoog / syfgs nlIft ;d"x] 5nkmn -sfOFnfsf] sfNklgs j[QfGtsf] k|of]u ub}{_ tyf dlxnfx¿sf

nflu lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{x¿ .

Dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}n] tTsfnLg Pj+ bL3{sfnLg cfjZostf tyf dfux¿sf] >[+vnf klxrfg u/] .

tyflk oftgfkLl8tx¿nfO{ d[ts tyf a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] cfkmGtx¿af6 leGg b]vfpg] kIf

eg]sf] oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] oftgf tyf cGo b'Jo{jxf/sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k l;lh{t zf/Ll/s tyf dgf]j}1flgs

rf]6x¿sf] tTsfnLg pkrf/;DaGwL cfjZostf xf] . s;}s;}n] :jf:Yo pkrf/sf nflu vr{ ug{ s]xL

;xfotf h'6fpg ;kmntf kfPsf eP klg cGon] yf]/} jf s'g} klg :jf:Yo ;]jf k|fKt u/]sf 5}gg\ . nfdf]

;do;Dd pgLx¿nfO{ To:tf] kl/k"/0faf6 jl~rt u/fpgfn] pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yo l:ylt emgemg v:sb}F

hfG5 / pgLx¿ tyf pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/x¿sf] cfly{s ;fdflhs l:ylt lju|b}F hfG5 .

w]/} cfwf/e"t ;fdflhs cfly{s cfjZostfx¿sf uxgtfsf afah'b o; cWoogdf ;xefuL

oftgfkLl8Tfx¿n] klg Gofodf cfly{s ;xfotf tyf cGo k|sf/sf ef}lts ;xof]u afx]ssf cGo w]/}

s'/fx¿ ;dfj]z /x]sf] atfP . d[ts tyf a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf] kl/jf/n] em}+ tTsfnLg cfjZostf tyf

bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf ¿kdf ækL8sx¿nfO{ sf/afxLÆ, ;To lg¿k0f tyf k|lti7fsf] k'g:yf{kgf /

d]nldnfk, zflGt tyf ;'/Iffsf j[xQ/ nIox¿ cf}FNofPsf eP klg dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿sf k|fyldstfdf

leGgtf lyof] . tyflk, e|i6frf/lj?4sf pkfox¿ / æOdfgbfl/tfÆ tyf æljZj;gLotfÆ sf nflu

;fj{hlgs clwsf/Lx¿sf] k/LIf0f h:tf ;'zf;gsf nflu ;xof]uL pkfox¿sf] klxrfg ug]{ qmddf eg]

oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿ ljlzi6 b]lvPsf lyP .

oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿sf tTsfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg cfjZostfx¿

tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿

oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿sf tTsfnLg dfux¿df w]/}h;f] dfux¿ ;fdflhs–cfly{s dfux¿ lyP / s'n

cf7 dfudWo] ;a}eGbf w]/} bf]xf]l/Psf 5 dfux¿ ef}lts cfjZostfx¿;Fu ;DalGwt lyP . nlIft

g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsf em08} b'O{ ltxfO -&#=( k|ltzt_ ;xefuLx¿n] cfly{s ;xfotfnfO{ tTsfnLg

cfjZostfsf ¿kdf klxrfg u/] eg] To;nfO{ k5\ofpFb} ^&=$ k|ltzt ;xefuLn] lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo

pkrf/ klxrfg u/]sf lyP / o;} sf/0fn] oL b'O{sf] k|wfgtf sfod /x]sf] lyof] -)=%%_ . Affnaflnsfsf

nflu lgMz'Ns lzIff, /f]huf/L tyf æufF;, jf; / skf;Æ nfO{ klg pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] t/ Tof] d[ts

tyf a]kQf kfl/Psfsf cfkmGtx¿sf] t'ngfdf sd}n] pNn]v u/]sf lyP . lgMz'Ns lzIffnfO{ @#=(

www.ictj.org 51



k|ltzt ;xeflux¿n], /f]huf/LnfO{ !&=$ k|ltztn] tyf æufF;, jf; / skf;ÆnfO{ !# k|ltztn] ;"rLa4

u/]sf lyP .

oL cfjZostfx¿ tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿sf] ;"rLdf oxL k|fyldstfdf pNn]v ePsf lyP / oLdWo]

pRr kfFr :yfgsf cfjZostfx¿ ;fdflhs–cfly{s cfjZostf lyP . cfly{s ;xfotf -o;cGtu{t

/fxt ;d]t_, lgMz'Ns lrlsT;sLo ;]jf, C0f r'Qmf ubf{ ;x'lnot, /f]huf/L u'd]af6 ePsf] 3f6f

Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu k]G;g / Ifltk"lt{df lgs} Hofbf hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . cfly{s ;xfotfnfO{

lrlsT;sLo pkrf/sf] laifo;Fu klg lgs} glhsaf6 hf]8L pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xefuLx¿sf

cg';f/ pgLx¿sf] cfly{s cj:yfsf sf/0f k|foM lrlsT;sLo pkrf/ wfGg g;lsg] x'G5 . s]xL 36gfdf

pkrf/ vr{sf sf/0f oftgfkLl8tx¿ yk C0ftkm{ ws]lnPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿dWo] w]/}n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] To:tf]

lg/fzfhgs l:yltnfO{ s~rgk'/ tyf afUfn'ª lhNnfsf ;xefuLx¿n] o;/L atfPsf lyP .

d}n] cfkm"n] ef]u]sf] zf/Ll/s oftgfsf] pkrf/ ug{sf nflu tLg nfv ?k}ofF eGbf

Hofbf -g]=?= #)),))), s/La #,))) cd]l/sL 8n/_ vr{ ul/;s]sf] 5' . d ca

yk pkrf/ vr{ Joxf]g{ ;lSbg, lrlsT;sn] eg]sf] cf}ifwL;d]t lsGg c;dy{ 5' .

d]/f] d[uf}nf ;ª\qmldt ePsf] 5 . d;Fu d]/f] sDd/sf] x8\8Ldf nfu]sf] rf]6sf] pkrf/

ug{sf nflu k};f 5}g . d]/f] nflu dg'{ g} l7s x'G5 .

– s~rgk'/sf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn _

clxn];Dd dnfO{ s;}n] ;xfotf u/]sf] 5}g . d}n] rf/j6f zNolqmof u/fO;s]sf]

5' . xfd|f] cf}Fnf rSs'n] sfl6Fbf ;d]t t kL8f x'G5 eg] tkfO{Fx¿ ;f]Rg ;Sg'x'G5 ls

d slt kL8faf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5' . d zNolqmofaf6 t afFr] t/ d]/f] 9f8df cem} klg

kL8f x'G5, d]/f gzfx¿ ;'lGgG5g\ / d 7f8f] eP/ a:g ;lQmg . dnfO{ lrlsT;sLo

pkrf/sf] cfjZostf 5 .

– afun'ªsf oftgfkLl8t k'?if, pd]/ %& - nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

cfFs8f * M oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿sf tTsfnLg k|d'v bz cfjZostfx¿ -k|ltzt tyf k|wfgtf_63

cfly{s ;xfotf

lgMz'Ns lrlsT;sLo pkrf/

lgMz'Ns lzIff

/f]huf/L

zflGt

ufF;, jf;, skf;

kL8sx¿nfO{ ;hfo

;DklQ lkmtf{

kLl8tx¿nfO{ kl/rokq

sfg'gL ;xfotf -æsfg'gL ;]jf sfof{nosf] lgdf{0fÆ_

^&=$ Ü -)=%%_

&#=(Ü -)=%!_

@#=(Ü -)=!$_

!&=$ Ü -)=)(_

!%=@ Ü -)=!@_

!# Ü -)=)*_

!)=( Ü -)=)%_

*=& Ü -)=)$_

^=% Ü -)=)$_

^=% Ü -)=)@_

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

63 k'/f ;"rLsf nflu tflnsf !( x]g'{xf];\ oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf


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lgMz'Ns lzIff, /f]huf/Ldf ;xfotf tyf hLljsf;DaGwL cfjZostfx¿ -ufF;, jf; / skf;_ qmdzM

t];|f], rf}yf] / kfFrf} >]0fLdf /flvPsf lyP . tyflk, tL ljleGg cfjZostfx¿aLr km]/L klg :ki6 ;DaGw

b]lvPsf] lyof] / s]xLn] To;nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVgdf sl7gfO dx;'; u/]sf lyP . To:tf ;xfotf

gePdf pgLx¿sf] cj:yf emg} lju|b}F hfg] 8/ ;d]t JoQm ul/Psf lyP .

xfd|f] zf/Ll/s cj:yf w]/} gfh's ePsf sf/0f sfd kfpgsf nflu xfdL c?;Fu

k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sb}gf}F . /fHon] xfd|f Ifdtfx¿ Klxrfg u/L xfdLnfO{ sfdsf] Joj:yf

ug{}k5{ . cGoyf, xfd|f] kl/jf/sf] l:ylt v:sFb} hfg]5 .

– s~rgk'/sf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn _

xfdLh:tf oftgfkLl8tx¿sf d"ne"t cfjZostfx¿ eg]sf] vfgf, jf; / sk8f x'g\ .

xfdLnfO{ lrlsT;sLo pkrf/sf] klg cfjZostf 5 . /fHon] xfd|f 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿sf

nflu lgMz'Ns lzIff pknAw u/fpg} kb{5 . /fxt tTsfn pknAw u/fpg} k5{ .

– pbok'/sf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -j0f{gfTds nlIft ;d"xsf] 5nkmn_

oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿n] tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿sf] ;d"xdf yf]/}k6s Pj+ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf k'?if

nfefyL{ ;dsIfLx¿n] eGbf sd dxŒjsf] :yfgdf /fv]tfklg cef}lts pkfox¿nfO{ ;d]t pNn]v

u/] . pbfx/0fsf nflu, ækL8sx¿nfO{ ;hfoÆ cf7f}F :yfgdf /x]sf] lyof] eg] o;nfO{ !)=( k|ltzt

oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf lyP hasL o;nfO{ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf #& k|ltzt k'?if

nfefyL{x¿n], 5}7f}F :yfgdf /fv]sf lyP . tyflk, oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿n] sfg'gL k|ltlglwTj -h;nfO{

pgLx¿n] sfg'gL sfof{nosf] :yfkgf;DaGwL cfjZostfsf ¿kdf :ki6 kf/]sf lyP_nfO{ klg ljlzi6

¿kdf p7fPsf lyP / To;nfO{ pgLx¿n] !)cf}F :yfgdf /fv]sf lyP . s]xLsf nflu, Goflos pkrf/

;Gt'li6 kfpgsf nflu cTofjZos b]lvPsf] lyof] .

xfdL bf]ifLnfO{ dfg{ ;SYof}F t/ p;nfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL ul/g' kb{5 .

oftgfkLl8tsf ¿kdf xfdLn] ck/fwLx¿nfO{ sf/afxLdfk{mt Gofo kfpg]5f}F .

– slknj:t'sf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

olb bf]ifLnfO{ ;hfo ePdf xfdL ;Gt'i6 x'g] lyof}F . xfdL lgbf]{if lyof}F h;nfO{ kLl8t

agfOof], t/ s;'/bf/x¿ cem} klg v';L;fy hLGbuL latfO/x]sf / :jtGq ¿kdf sfd

ul//x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;xfotf k|fKt u/]sf 5}gf}F . olb xfdLnfO{

k};f jf ;]jf lbOPtf klg ltgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ afFRgsf nflu dfq ;xfotf ug]{5, t/

;a}nfO{ ;To 1ft x'g] 5}g . ;a}nfO{ ;Totf cjut u/fpgsf nflu kL8sx¿nfO{

;dfg¿kdf sf/afxL ul/g'kb{5 .

– alb{ofsf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -syfgs nlIft ;d"xsf] 5nkmn_

bL3{sfnLg cfjZostfx¿;Fusf] ;DaGwdf Gofosf] ljifodf yk rrf{ x'Fbf cbfntx¿sf] e"ldsf tyf

Gofosf] cy{sf ;DaGwdf ljleGg ljrf/x¿ k|s6 eP -tn x]g'{xf];\M bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iff tyf

cfjZostfx¿_ .

cGo j[xQ/ cfsfª\Iffx¿ klg tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf lyP . o;cGtu{t

æzflGtÆ nfO{ !%=@ k|ltzt ;xefuLx¿n] pNn]v u/]sf lyP h'g ;du|df 5}7f}F :yfgdf /x]sf] lyof] .

www.ictj.org 53



cflwsf/Ls :jLsf/f]lQmnfO{ ;"rLa4 gul/Psf] ePtfklg kl/rokq h;nfO{ cflwsf/Ls :jLsf/f]lQmsf

¿kdf dflgG5, tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf ¿kdf gjf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] lyof] . :jLsf/f]lQmsf] dxŒjsf]

ljifo syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn sfo{qmddf klg p7]sf] lyof] h;df ;'/lIft / k|ltli7t ¿kdf afFRg]

jftfj/0f ;'lglZrt ug{] pkfox¿cGtu{t kLl8tx¿n] Joxf]/]sf xflgx¿nfO{ /fHon] cfTd;ft ug{'kg]{

cfjZostfsf] p7fg ul/Psf] lyof] . o; ;DaGwdf, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t oftgfkLl8tx¿nfO{

Ps lglZrt ;d"xsf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ug{ g;Sg'n] :fLdfGtLs/0f sf] efjgfnfO{ cem ;'b[9 agfPsf] 5 /

pkrf/sf] k|s[ofnfO{ cjd"Nog u/]sf] 5 .

xfdLn] s'g} klg /fxt kfPsf 5}gf}F . xfdLh:tf dflg;x¿sf nflu cem};Dd klg

k'g:yf{{kgfsf s'g} sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fOPsf 5}gg\ . xfdL s;/L k'g:yf{{lkt x'g

;S5f}F <

– sfe|]sf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿sf bL3{sfnLg cfjZostf tyf cfsfª\Iffx¿

oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿sf tTsfnLg cfjZostf tyf eljiosf cfsfª\Iffx¿sf] t'ngf ubf{ d[ts tyf

a]kQfx¿sf cfkmGtx¿sf] h:t} b]lvG5 . ljz]iftM kLl8tx¿sf] k|fyldstf ef}lts pkfox¿af6 cef}lts

pkfox¿tkm{ pGd'v lyof], h;df bL3{sfnLg ;fdflhs cfly{s ;xfotfsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] ck]Iff;d]t

;dfj]z lyof] .

/f]huf/L, lgMz'Ns lzIff, lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf, cfly{s ;xfotf -lgoldt gub eQf, Ifltk"lt{ / cGo

k|sf/sf cfly{s /fxt ;d]t_ / HfLljsf;DaGwL cfjZostfx¿ -ufF;, jf; / skf;_n] bL3{sfnLg

¿kdf cfsfª\Iff k|s6 ul/Psf k|d'v !) pkfocGtu{t lg/Gt/tf kfO{/x] -qmdzM k|yd, t[tLo,

rf}yf], kfFrf} / ;ftf}F_. oLg} bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffx¿ g} af/Daf/ p7fOPsf lyP . cfwf ;xefuLx¿n]

/f]huf/LnfO{ pNn]v u/] -%) k|ltzt_, sl/a Ps ltxfOn] lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] l;kmfl/; u/] -#(=!

k|ltzt_ eg] sl/a Ps rf}yfOn] cfly{s ;xfotf -@^=! k|ltzt_ / Ps rf}yfOeGbf clnslt dfq

sdn] lgMz'Ns lrlsT;sLo pkrf/ -@#=( k|ltzt_ pNn]v u/] . !%=@ k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿n] ufF;,

jf; / skf;sf] ;xfotfsf] lg/Gt/tf ck]Iff k|s6 u/] . tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf pNn]v gul/Psf]

Joj;flos tflnd bL3{sfnLg dfusf ¿kdf cf7f}F :yfgdf k/]sf] lyof] / !# k|ltzt ;xefuLx¿n]

To;nfO{ klxrfg u/]sf lyP .

syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnn] oL k|fyldstfx¿sf] k'gMk'li6 u¥of] / tLgsf] k5fl8sf cf}lrTox¿dfly

k|sfz kf¥of] . ;a}eGbf pRr >]0fLdf /flvPsf] cfsfª\Iff /f]huf/Lsf af/]df nfdf] 5nkmn ePsf] lyof]

/ ;xefuLdWo] s]xLn] xflgx¿ ;Daf]wg ug{ / eljiodf ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ cfocfh{gnfO{ cTofjZos

pkfosf ¿kdf x]/]sf lyP . s]xL pQ/bftfsf] egfOdf zflGt / :yfloTjdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpgsf nflu klg

/f]huf/LnfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ ¿kdf lnOPsf] x'G5 .

tkfOFnfO{ ;To eGg' kbf{, lhGbuL lhpg cem} lgs} nfdf] 5 . sfdlAfgf kl/jf/ kfNg

;fFRr} g} lgs} sl7g x'G5 . olb xfdL;Fu /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ ePsf eP hLjgofkg

ug{ ;xh x'g] lyof] . @) jif{ ;]jf ul/;s]kl5 xfdLn] k]G;g kfpFYof}F . To;}sf/0fn]

xfdLx¿n] /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ kfpg'kb{5 / To;kl5 xfd|f rfxgfx¿ k'/f x'g]5g\ .

– l;/fxfsf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_


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olb ;a} gful/snfO{ /f]huf/L ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] eP åGå lgZro klg cGTo x'g]

lyof] .

– h'Dnfsf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

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/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/sf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .

– h'Dnfsf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

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cfly{s ;xfotf Pj+ xflgsf] kl/k"/0fsf nflu Ifltk"lt{sf] e"ldsfsf ;DaGwdf klg 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . t/ s]xL pQ/bftfsf nflu oftgfsf sf/0fn] ePsf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s rf]6x¿n] sfd ug{cK7\of/f] jf c;Dej g} ePsf] lyof] / pgLx¿sf] rf]6x¿sf uDeL/tfsf sf/0f pgLx¿sf gf]S;fgsf]Ifltk"lt{sf nflu s'g} dfWod ePgePsf] af/] k|Zg ug{ afWo kf/]sf] lyof] .

oftgfsf sf/0f d]/f] z/L/sf] Pp6f efudf kIf3ft ePsf] 5 . d rNg ;lSbg / dnfO{s'g} klg sfd ug{sf nflu ;xfotf ug]{ JolQmsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . d]/f] hLjge/dnfO{ c?sf] ;xfotfsf] vfFrf] kg]{5 . o:tf] kL8fsf nflu s'g} klg Ifltk"lt{ 5}g .


d s/ft]Fsf] /fli6«o k|lt:kwL{ lyPF . ha dfcf]jfbLx¿n] dnfO{ d]/f] 3/df cfqmd0f u/],To;a]nf d Ps cGt/f{li6«o k|lt:kwf{df b]zsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ nfu]sf] lyPF . To;cfqmd0fsf sf/0f d zf/Ll/s ¿kdf czQm ePF / d}n] d]/f] v]ns'bnfO{ lg/Gt/tflbg ;lsFg . d]/f] hLjg aaf{b eof] . d}n] ef]u]sf] gf]S;fgLnfO{ Ifltk"lt{n] ;Daf]wgug{ ;Sb}g .

– afun'ªsf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

64 k'/f ;"rLsf nflu cg';"rL tflnsf @! x]g'{xf];\ oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf

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tyflk cfly{s ;xfotf cyjf æIfltk"lt{ÆnfO{ w]/}h;f] pQ/bftfåf/f cTofjZosLo a:t'sf nflu vr{ ug{ / k|fo;M ljlzli6s[t :jf:Yof]krf/sf nflu jf s]xLn] C0f ltg{, C0f ltg{ g;s]sf sf/0f u'd]sfhldg lgvGg, ljBfnosf] z'Ns ltg{ tyf cGo cfly{s ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{sf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ egL x]/LPsf] lyof] . cfly{s ;'/Ifftkm{ pGd'v ug]{ lsl;dsf] ef}lts ;xfotfnfO{ s]xL pQ/bftfn] j[xQ/ Pj+bL3{sfnLg k'g:yf{{kgfsf nfex¿ Pj+ :jfledfg / k|lti7f k'g:yf{lkt ug]{ lsl;dsf] pkfosf] ¿kdf klgx]/]sf lyP .

åGålk8Ltx¿sf] :jfledfg, ltlgx¿sf] ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgf, xf};nf tyf cfly{s ;zlQms/0f ;a}n] g} ;xof]u ub{5g\ . df}lb|s Ifltk"lt{n] zf/Ll/s Pj+ dgf]a}1flgsxflg ;Daf]wg ug{df klg ;xfotf ug{ ;Sb5 .


k|lti7fsf] k'g:yf{{kgfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ eg] cGo pkfox¿, ljz]ifu/L /fHo tyf j[xt ;dfhåf/f oftgfkLl8tx¿nfO{ dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf kLl8tsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/f]lQm;Fu hf]8]/ x]l/Psf] lyof] .t/, oftgfkZrft afFr]sf k'?ifx¿n] d[ts tyf a]kQfx¿sf cfkmGtx¿n] h:tf] zxfbtsf] ;Gbe{df klxrfgpk/ 5nkmn u/]gg\\ a? unt sfo{sf sf/0f ltgLx¿ kLl8t ePsf x'g\ egL :jLsf/ ul/g'kg]{ s'/fdfly hf]8 lbP . sfe]| lhNnfsf Pshgf oftgfkLl8tsf] zAbdfM

oftgfkLl8tx¿sf nflu ul/g'kg]{ ;a}eGbf klxnf] sfd eg]sf] pgLx¿sf] klxrfgnfO{ dfGotf lbg' xf] / lghsf] k|lti7f k'g:yf{lkt ug{sf nflu /fHon] p;nfO{ oftgfkLl8tegL pNn]v u/L cfb/ ug'{kb{5 . To;kl5 ug'{kg]{ sfo{ eg]sf] oftgfkLl8tn] k"0f{:jfledfgsf ;fy a:g ;Sg] / ;dfhdf cfk"m åGåkLl8t egL lrlgFbf uj{ dx;';x'g] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] . p;n] ;dfhdf 5flt vf]n]/ lagf s'g} qf; jf tgfjlxF8\g ;Sg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L /fHosf] xf] .


tflnsf ^M oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿n] u/]sf tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿ tyf bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffx¿sf]

>]0fLs/0f65

>]0fL tTsfnLGf cfjZostfx¿ bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffx¿! cfly{s ;xof]u /f]huf/L

@ lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf zflGt# lgMz'Ns lzIff lgMz'Ns lzIff$ /f]huf/L lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf% ufF;, jf; / skf; cfly{s ;xof]u^ zflGt kL8sx¿nfO{ ;hfo& ;DklQ lkmtf{ ufF;, jf; / skf;* kL8snfO{ ;hfo Joj;flos tflnd( åGåkLl8tx¿sf nflu kl/ro kq d]nldnfk!) sfg'gL k|ltlglwTj -sfg'gL ;xfotf sfof{no

vf]n]/_ -;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQm_/fhgLlts l:y/tf / åGåkLl8tx¿sfd'2f;d]t ;dfj]z u/L ;+ljwfg n]vg -Joj;flos tflnd_

65 k'/f ;"rLsf nflu cg';"rL tflnsf @) / @@ x]g'{xf];\ oxfF, www.ictj.org/Nepal-Reparations-Report-Annex.pdf


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cf}krfl/s :jLsf/f]lQmnfO{ klg Gofosf] j[xt j'emfOsf] Ps kIfsf ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] .pbfx/0fsf nflu syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf w]/}h;f] ;xefuLx¿n] s] ePsf] lyof] eGg] af/]df ;To tYo aflx/ Nofpg' / æbf]ifLnfO{ ;hfo ug'{Æ sf] dxŒjsf af/]df hf]8 lbP . nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsfPs rf}yfOeGbf sd ;xefuLx¿n] -!%=@ k|ltzt_ n] pNn]v u/]sf] ePtfklg oftgfkLl8tk'?ifx¿n] ;hfonfO{ tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf ¿kdf cf7f}F :yfg lbP eg] bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf ¿kdf 5}6f}F :yfgdf /fv] . s]xLL ;xefuLx¿sf nflu eg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]hg :ki6tM Ps dxŒjk"0f{ pkfosf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .

pgLx¿n] dh:tf] lgbf]{if ls;fg tyf pgLx¿nfO{ s]xL klg gu/]sf cGo l5d]sLx¿nfO{ lk6] . To;}sf/0f xfdLh:tf JolQmnfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg] o:tfJolQmx¿nfO{ rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] cleof]hg ul/g'kb{5 .

– pbok'/sf oftgfkLl8t k'?if pd]/ #! -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog _

;/sf/n] clxn];Dd bf]ifLx¿nfO{ ;hfo ug{ s]xL klg u/]sf] 5}g . To:tf bf]ifLx¿xfdL;Fu} ;d'bfodf al;/x]sf 5g\ / pgLx¿ otfptL lx8F\g :jtGq 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{cljnDa cg';Gwfgsf] bfo/fleq NofOg'kb{5 / pgLx¿pk/ cleof]hg ul/g'kb{5 .

– pbok'/sf oftgfkLl8t k'?if pd]/ %! -nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog_

Gofo kfpgsf nflu k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L -l;l8cf]_ tyf cbfntdf clgjfo{¿kdfhfg'kg]{ x'G5 . t/ xfdL;Fu cfkm" åGåkLl8t ePsf] k|dfl0ft ug{sf nflu sfuhftx¿gePsfn] xfdL ToFxf hfg ;Sb}gf}F . To;}n] xfdLn] Gofo kfpb}gf}F .


s]xL pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ cf}krfl/s kmf}hbf/L k|s[ofdfly sd} ljZjf; /x]sf] b]lvof] . s]xLn] To;n]s] glthf lbG5 eGg] af/]df zª\sf klg JoQm u/] . cf}krfl/s kmf}hbf/L k|s[ofsf] ;f6f] pgLx¿n]æ;fdflhs GofoÆ jf d]nldnfkdfly a9L hf]8 lbP . tyflk oL cjwf/0ffx¿sf] vf; cy{ s] xf] jfltgLx¿nfO{ pTs[i6 9+uaf6 s;/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] laifodf eg] Aofks 5nkmn ul/Pg .tyflk, Gofo;DaGwL cfˆgf] JolQmut wf/0ffdf ;d]t cleof]hg gkg]{ oftgfkLl8tx¿sf dfemdf ;d]t Gofo ef}lts k|lts[of;Fu dfq ;DalGwt 5}g a? kLl8tpk/ ePsf] xflg :jLsf/ ug]{ tyf pQ/hLjLx¿sf] ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{s k'g:yf{kgfdf ;xfotf ug]{ pkfox¿ cfjZos x'G5g\ eGg] :ki6 b]lvof] .

cbfntx¿n] jf:tljstf a'‰g g;Snf, t/ ;dfhn] a'‰5 . cbfntn] k|df0fsfcfwf/df dfq a'‰b5 h'g xfdL;Fu 5}g . To;}n] xfdLh:tf kLl8tsf nflu ;fdflhsGofo cem /fd|f] x'G5 .

– afun'ªsf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

xfd|f] nflu sfg'g g} 5}g eg] xfdL lsg cbfnt hfg'k¥of] < xfdL ;a} oftgfkLl8txf}F / ;dfhn] of] s'/f /fd|f];Fu a'e]msf] 5 . t/ xfdLn] s;/L ph'/L xfNg ;S5f}F <

– alb{ofsf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

olb cGo ;+:yfx¿n] xfdLnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug{df ;xfotf ub{5g\ / ;dfhdfOHhtsf ;fy a:gsf nflu ;xof]u ub{5g\ eg] Gofosf nflu ;w}F cbfntd} hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5}g .

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dflg;nfO{ s] nfUb5 eg] pgLx¿ cbfnt uPdf Gofo kfpg ;S5g\, t/ kL8s /kLl8t b'j}sf nflu ;dfhleq} ;fdflhs d]nldnfk dfkm{t ;f] ljjfb ldnfpg' pQd x'G5 .

– pbok'/sf oftgfkLl8t k'?if -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn_

w]/} oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿n] ;/sf/L tyf k|zf;lgs lgsfox¿ ;'b[9 agfpg] ljleGg pkfox¿sf af/]df klg pNN]v u/] . tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf ¿kdf pNn]v u/]tfklg oL pkfox¿ d'VotM bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffx¿sf ¿kdf lrlqt lyP . To:tf pkfocGtu{t ljz]if ¿kdf æ;'zf;gsf] ljsf;Æ -!^cf}F :yfg_Ùe|i6frf/ b'?T:ffxg tyf ljZjfl;nf] k|zf;sLo lgsfo u7g -!%cf}F_Ù e|i6frf/sf] cGTo -!^cfF}_Ù /;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx¿sf] Odfg\bfl/tf / ljZj;gLotf lgwf{/0f ug{sf nflu ;Dk/LIf0f k|s[ofsf] :yfkgf-!^cf}F_ ;dfj]z lyP .

oftgfkLl8t dlxnfsf tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg cfjZostfx¿

oftgfkLl8t dlxnfx¿;Fusf] lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{n] klg tTsfnLg cfjZostf / bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iff;DaGwL ;dfg ljifox¿sf] cGj]if0f u¥of] . pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] JofVof u/]cg'¿ksf xflgx¿åf/fl;lh{t pgLx¿sf cfˆgf tyf pgLx¿sf kl/jf/sf tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿Ù pgLx¿sf tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿ ;Daf]wg ePsf] dfgL cfufdL Joj:yfx¿sf af/] pgLx¿sf ck]Iffx¿Ù s:tf k|sf/sf sfo{x¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;Gtf]if dx;'; x'G5Ù / To:tf sfo{x¿ nfu" u/fpgsf nflu sf] lhDd]jf/ x'g'kb{5eGg] af/]df k|Zgx¿ ;f]lwPsf lyP .

cGtjf{tf{sf] glthfn] cGo k|sf/sf pQ/bftfx¿;Fusf] ;dfgtf tyf leGgtf b]vfof] . oftgfkLl8tdlxnfx¿n] pgLx¿sf ;a} cfjZostfx¿nfO{ tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf ¿kdf pNn]v u/L bL3{sfnLg ck]Iffx¿sf af/]df ;f]b\wf To;}nfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpb} pgLx¿sf] tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg cfjZostfx¿aLrvf;} leGgtf gePsf] b]vfP / of] k|j[lQ cGo k|sf/sf] pQ/bftfsf] t'ngfdf of] ;d"xdf Hofbf b]lvof] .o;} sf/0fn] ubf{ tTsfnLg / lb3{sfnLg b'j} cfjZostfx¿nfO{ tn Pp6} c+zdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . tyflk,cGo k|sf/sf kLl8tx¿df h:t} o; ;d"xdf klg pgLx¿sf] tTsfnLg cfjZostfeGbf k/sf] cfsfª\Iff jf cfjZostfsf] af/]df pNn]v ug{ nufpFbf cef}lts ck]Iffx¿ g} k|d'vtfsf ;fy pNn]v ePsf] lyof] .

cGo ;a} cg';Gwfg ;xefuL ;/x g} o; ;d"xdf klg ;a}eGbf w]/} af/Daf/ p7fOPsf cfjZostfx¿ -tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg b'j}_ ;fdflhs–cfly{s cfjZostfx¿ lyP . oftgfkLl8t dlxnfx¿sfdfux¿ pgLx¿sf k'?if ;dsIfLx¿n] lrlqt u/]sf dfu;Fu nueu b'?:t} ldNg] lyP . To;cGtu{tpgLx¿n] cfly{s ;xfotf h;df ljz]ifu/L dfl;s gub eQf tyf C0f r'Qmf ug{sf nflu ;xfotfsf] laifo p7fPsf lyP, lhjgofkgsf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx¿ -ufF;, jf; / skf;_, lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo;]jf, lgMz'Ns lzIff / /f]huf/L cflb klxrfg u/] . pQ/bftfx¿ /fHo4f/f ul/Psf] pk]Iffk|lt cfqmf]lztklg lyP eg] s]xLn] /fHosf ;'/Iffanx¿sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ pgLx¿nfO{ eGbf a9L x]/rfx eO/x]sf] egL /f]if ;d]t JoQm u/] . Ps dlxnfsf] zJbdf M

xfdLn] g]kfnL ;]gf / k|x/Ln] kfpg]h:t} ;dod} lgMz'Ns pkrf/ kfpg'kb{5 . xfdLklg ;]gf / k|x/Lh:t} o; /fHosf gful/s xf}F . pgLx¿n] dlxgfjf/L tnj kfpF5g\ .xfdLn] rfxLF lsg lgMz'Ns pkrf/ klg kfpg ;Sb}gf}F <


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;a} dlxnfx¿n] lrlsT;sLo pkrf/nfO{ Ps cfjZostfsf ¿kdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP, h'g s'g} cgf}7f] s'/f lyPg . pgLx¿n] ef]u]sf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s xflgx¿sf afjh'b s]xLn] pkrf/ kfPsf lyPgg\ .cGo s]xLn] :jf:Yof]krf/sf nflu C0f lnPsf jf ;DklQ a]r]sf lyP h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k pgLx¿ yk ul/aL / C0fdf 8'a]sf 5g\ -oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿sf] h:t}_ . w]/} dlxnfx¿n] pgLx¿sf] cfjZostfsfuxgtfsf af/]df atfP M

d]n} d]/f] :jf:yf]krf/sf nflu C0f lnPsf] lyPF h'g d}n] clxn];Dd lt/]sf] 5}g .;/sf/n] xfdLnfO{ C0f r'Qmf ug{sf nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb5 . k};fsf] cefjsfsf/0fn] d}n]\ zNolqmof ug{ ;lsg\ . s'g} klg lbg hUufwgLn] xfdLnfO{ p;sf] hUuf5f]8\gsf nflu eGg]5 eg]/ d ;Fw} ql;t 5' . zfob pgLx¿ -;/sf/_n] xfdLnfO{lbgsf] Psk6s vfgfsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

d la/fdL 5' / k};fsf] cefjn] ubf{] pkrf/ u/fpg ;lSbg . xfd|f] kl/jf/df xfd|f;–;fgf aRrfx¿ 5g\ / pgLx¿nfO{ x'sf{pg w]/} uf¥xf] 5 . cfpg] lbgdf pgLx¿nfO{:s'ndf k9\g k7fpg cem sl7g x'g]5 . d]/f >Ldfg\ klg czQm x'g'x'G5 / xfdLnfO{v'jfpg] sf]xL 5}g . xfd|f ;d:ofx¿af6 /fxt kfpg'sf] ;f6f] xfdLdfly yk ;d:ofx¿kl//x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] xfdLnfO{ ;xfotf ug{sf nflu w]/} ug'{kb{5 . xfdL sfd ug]{/ cfk"mnfO{ v'jfpg] cj:yfdf 5}gf}F .

Ps blnt dlxnfn] pgL tNnf] hftsL dlxnf ePsfn] ef]Ug' kl//x]sf lglZrt sl7gfOx¿sf af/]df j0f{g ul/g\ M

blnt ePsL sf/0fn] d ul/a / cgk9 klg 5' . dnfO{ s;/L / sxfF ;xfotf vf]Hg]eGg] yfxf 5}g . d lgs} kL8fdf 5' . d la/fdL 5' / d;Fu pkrf/ ug]{ k};f 5}g . dnfO{kof{Kt vfgf kfpg klg ufX|f] ePsf] 5 .

cfly{s tyf lrlsT;sLo ;xfotfsf] clt cfjZos ePsf] :ki6 ePtfklg oftgfkLl8t dlxnfx¿n] ;du|df pgLx¿sf nflu Gofo eg]sf] s] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf klg :ki6 kf/] . afO; dWo] bz dlxnfx¿n]cleof]hg -kL8snfO{ sf/afxL, ;hfo_, ;To lg¿k0f tyf eljiodf dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gnfO{ /f]Sg] ljifonfO{ pNn]v u/] . o:tf laifox¿df ljz]iftM ax'n dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿af6 kLl8tdlxnfx¿n] hf]8 lbPsf s'/f cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] hfgsfl/df lnP .

w]/} oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿n] em}+ s]xL dlxnfx¿n] kmf}hbf/L GofonfO{ cfGtl/s zflGt / ;Gt'li6 k|fKtug{ cfjZos / pgLx¿sf] k|lti7f / ;Ddfg k'g:yf{lkt u/fpg] dfWodsf ¿kdf lnPsf lyP . tyflk,pgLx¿sf k'?if ;dsIfL ;/x g} s]xLn] g]kfndf o:tf] ;Dej x'g]5 eGg] s'/fdf zª\sf JoQm u/] .

pgLx¿n] d]/f] ;f/f z/L/ x]/], xdnf u/] / d]/f] OHht n'6] . o:tf] cj:yfdf d}n] s;/LGofo kfpg ;S5' < d rfxG5' ls tL tLg dflg;x¿nfO{ ;hfo xf];\ . ta d}n] s]xL/fxt kfpg ;S5' . d pgLx¿nfO{ ;hfo ePsf] ;'Gg Psbd} Jou| 5' .

d]/f] nflu Gofo eg]sf] ddfly anfTsf/sf] k|of; ug]{ JolQmsf] klxrfg ug]{, pgLx¿n] lsg To:tf] ug]{ k|of; u/] eGg] af/] cg';Gwfg ug]{ / pgLx¿ sf] lyP eGg] kQf nufpg]xf] . oL s'/fx¿pk/ cg';Gwfg x'g'kb{5 / pgLx¿nfO{ kmfF;L lbOg'kb{5 . To;kl5 dfqd}n] zflGt kfpFg]5' . t/ b'ef{Uo, ck/fwLx¿ Ps lbgsf nflu y'gfdf /flvG5g\ / bf];|f]lbg 5fl8G5g\ . xfdL h:tf dflg;n] s;/L Gofo kfpF5g\ <

olb dnfO{ o:tf] ug]{ tL JolQmdfly cleof]hg ul/Psf] eP d ;Gt'i6 x'g] lyPF . t/

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d]/f] nflu s]xL k};f kfpg' klg dxŒjk"0f{ 5 h;dfkm{t xfdLn] xfd|f] hLjgofkgsfnflu cfDbfgL ug{ ;lsof];\ .

s]xL dlxnfx¿sf] JoQm u/]sf tYox¿sf] 5fglag tyf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f;DaGwL cfsfª\Iff;Fu hjfkmb]xLtfsf] rfxgf lgs6 ¿kdf hf]l8Psf] lyof] . ljz]iftM pgLx¿n] cfkm"n] ef]u]sf uDeL/ck/fwx¿sf] clen]vLs/0f, cg';Gwfg, ;Tosf] ;fj{hlgsLs/0f tyf kL8sx¿sf klxrfgsf af/]df s'/f u/] . Ps hgfsf] egfOdf M

d]/f] ;d'bfosf ;a}, d]/f] kl/jf/, d]/f] >Ldfg\, ltgLx¿ ;a}n] d]/f] lgGbf u/] t/ pgLx¿nfO{ af:tjdf s] ePsf] lyof] eGg] yfxf 5}g . ;/sf/n] To:tf sfo{ ug{sf nflu sf] sf] lhDd]jf/5 eGg] s'/fsf] cg';Gwfg ug'{kb{5 h;n] ubf{ ;To k|s6 ug{ ;lsG5 / tL JolQmx¿nfO{ ;hfoug{ ;lsG5 .

s]xLn] OR5fPsf ;To lg¿k0f / cleof]hgsf] cfsfª\IffnfO{ kLl8tx¿sf uf]klgotf sfod ug]{ ljifo;Fu;fjwfgLk"j{s ;Gt'lnt ug'{kb{5 . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf @@ hgf dlxnfx¿dWo] clwsf+zn] cfˆgf>Ldfgx¿nfO{ pgLx¿dfly ePsf anfTsf/ jf cGo b'Jo{jxf/sf af/]df atfPsf lyP . t/, cfkm"dflyePsf] To:tf] Jojxf/sf] ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/Ln] abgfdL / ;fdflhs bf]iff/f]k0f x'g;Sg] eon] sl/acfwfn] dfq kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ jf l5d]sLx¿nfO{ ;f]af/] atfPsf lyP .

ha d}n] d]/f] OHht u'dfO;s]sf] 5' eg] d s;/L c?nfO{ d]/f] cg'ej JoQm ug{ ;S5' < olbd}n] sf]xL;Fu ;xfotf dfu] eg] pgLx¿n] d]/f] af/]df s'/f sf6\g]5g\ / dnfO{ lt/:sf/ ug]{5{g\ .

d]/f] alxgL, gGb, afa' s;}nfO{ klg of] 36gfsf af/]df yfxf 5}g . of] s'/f yfxf ePdf pgLx¿sf]abgfdL x'g]5 . olb o;sf] af/]df c? s;}n] yfxf kfPdf d]/f] >Ldfgn]] dnfO{ 5f]l8lbG5'eGg'ePsf] 5 .

k|x/Ln] dnfO{ o:tf] u¥of] eg]/ d sxfF eGg hfg]< d]/f] s'/f s;n] ;'G5< olb c?x¿n] yfxfkfP eg] dnfO{ g} bf]if nufpg]5g\ / dnfO{ æ/08LÆ -5f8f rl/q ePsL dlxnf_ eGg]5g\ .

Ps pQ/bftfsf cg';f/ eljiodf To:tf b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gfx¿sf] /f]syfd ug'{ s'g} klg ef}lts ;xfotf ug'{ eGbf klg jf Tof] ;/x g} dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . pgsf zJbx¿ k'gM bf]xf]l/gglbgsf nflu cjnDag ul/g] pkfox¿sf] cefjdf JolQmljz]ifnfO{ pknAw u/fOg] ef}lts ;xfotfnfO{ ckof{Kt 7flgg ;lsg]5 eGg] s'/fsf] Bf]ts x'g\ M

xfdL kLl8t lyof}F t/ cab]vL xfdL s] rfxG5f}F eg] To:tf 36gf / åGå km]/L bf]xf]l/gx'Fb}g / To:tf] kL8f s;}n] klg ef]Ug' x'Fb}g . g xfd|f efjL k':tf g xfd|f cfdf tyfalxgLx¿ s;}n] klg To:tf kL8f ef]Ug' x'Fb}g . of] d]/f] klxnf] gDa/sf] dfu xf] . xfdLh;f]t;f] afFRg ;S5f}F, rfx] xfdLnfO{ /fxt ldnf];\ jf gldnf];\ .


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*= xflg tyf ;f]sf] ;Daf]wgsf af/]df :yfgLo ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L;+:yfsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] k|ltlqmofkl/k"/0fsf sfo{qmdx¿ k|efjsf/L x'gsf nflu tL sfo{qmdx¿n] kLl8t / ltgsf kl/jf/;Fu pgLx¿sf]cfjZostfx¿sf af/]df tyf s] eof] eg] Gofo x'G5 jf Gofo :yfkgfdf of]ubfg x'G5 eGg] af/]df pgLx¿sf] wf/0f a'em]sf] x'g'k5{ . tyflk kl/k"/0fsf] of]hgf tyf ljt/0fdf cGo y'k|} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf]klg ;+nUgtf /x]sf] x'G5 / pgLx¿sf] ;xfotf / ;xsfo{ cTofjZos x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, :yfgLo;/sf/sf clwsf/Lx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yfkgdf d"Vo e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ eg] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ sfo{qmddf kLl8tx¿sf] kx'Fr a9fpg / lgj]bgsf hl6n k|s[ofx¿ klxNofpgdf ;xof]u ug{;xfos ePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] kLl8tnfO{ cfly{s / cGo ef}lts ;xfotf Pj+ d'2f rnfpgsf nflusfg"gL ;xof]u h:tf k|ToIf ;xof]u klg pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd Pj+ kl/k"/0f;DaGwL s'g} klg cfufdL sfo{qmddf ;lqmo e"ldsf ePsf] jf rf;f] /x]sf] ;+:yfx¿sf ¿kdf pgLx¿;Fu klg kLl8tx¿af6 h:t} pgLx¿n] Joxf]/]sf xflg, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] c;/ -;s/fTds / gs/fTds b'j}_, yk /fxt cyjf Ifltk"lt{ cfjZos 5 jf 5}g / olb5 eg] s:tf] :j¿ksf] /fxt jf kl/k"/0f cfjZos x'G5 eGg] ljifox¿df wf/0ffx¿ dfluPsf] lyof] .lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox¿, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx¿ / dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{nox¿sf66

lhNnf:t/Lo ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx¿, /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]uh:tf cflwsf/Ls lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿, :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf k|ltlglwx¿67 tyf kLl8tx¿;Fu :yfgLo :t/df sfo{ ul//x]sf u}/;/sf/L;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx¿68 u/L %% hgf ;Fu cw{–;+/lrt cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf] lyof] .

66 cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t clwsf+z lgj]bgx¿ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k|d'v /x]sf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf k]z ul/G5g\ / k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L tL lgj]bgx¿ k|dfl0ft ug]{ / ltgLx¿nfO{ zflGt tyf k'g{lgdf0f{ dGqfnosf]tYof+s ;+sng sfo{bndf cfufdL sf/jfxLsf nflu k]z ug{sf nflu lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\ . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L;DalGwt :yfgLo ;/sf/L ljefux¿ -h:t}M lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, lhNnf :jf:Yo ;]jf sfof{no_ nfO{ /fxt ljt/0fsf nflu e'QmfgL lbg] jf clVtof/L lbg] sfo{ ug{sf nflu klg lhDd]jf/ x'G5 .

67 :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltnfO{ zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnon] nfu" u/]sf sfof{qmdx¿sf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ / g]kfn;/sf/n] åGåaf6 k|efljt JolQmx¿nfO{ /fxt ljt/0fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug]{ sfo{sf nflu u7g u/]sf] sfo{bnnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ sfof{b]z x5 . :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf] ;DaGwsf] zt{x¿ x]g'{xf];\Mhttp://cprpnepal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/ToR_LPC_Eng_Feb-2009.pdf . jf:tjdf :yfgLo zflGt;ldltsf] e"ldsfnfO{ kLl8tx¿sf] gfd l;kmfl/; ug]{ / s]xLdf pgLx¿sf] bfjLnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ lgj]bgdf ;xfotf ug]{sfo{df ;Lldt ul/Psf] lyof] .

68 P8\ef]s];L kmf]/d -PPkm_, dfgjclwsf/ tyf u|fdL0f jftfj/0f ;+/If0f s]Gb -x'/]s_, cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb-OG;]s_ / dw]zL dfgj clwsf/ u[x .

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åGå l;lh{t xflgx¿ tyf kLl8tsf clwsf/ / cfjZostfx¿

clwsf+z pQ/bftfx¿ åGåsf qmddf ePsf dfgjclwsf/ b'¿kof]usf] >[+vnfsf af/]df hfgsf/ lyP / pgLx¿n] xTof, dfgl;s Pj+ zf/Ll/s oftgf, ank"j{s a]kQf kfg{] sfo{ tyf ;DklQsf] Iflttyf lj:yfkg cflbnfO{ clt uDeL/ Ifltsf ¿kdf pNn]v u/] . oBlk, of}ghGo / n}+lus lx+;fsfkLl8tx¿sf] cb[Zotf;DaGwL rf;f]nfO{ k'gMk'li6 ub}{ t'ngfTds lx;fadf s]xL sd pQ/bftfn] -%% dWo] !*_ anfTsf/ / of}ghGo lx+;fnfO{ åGå;Fu ;DalGwt pNnª\3gsf ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf lyP .

dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gaf6 kLl8tx¿df k/]sf] bL3{sfnLg gs/fTds c;/x¿nfO{ ;fdfGo ¿kdf :jLsfl/Psf] ePtfklg ;xefuLx¿sf] k|ltlqmofn] ;fdflhs cfly{s xflgx¿sf] uDeL/tf tyf tyf kl/0ffd:j¿k kLl8tx¿n] ef]lu/x]sf jl~rlts/0f;DaGwL a'emfO ck"0f{ /x]sf] ;ª\s]t ub{5 . ;/sf/Ltyf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfosf ;a}h;f] pQ/bftfx¿n] xflgx¿sf k|sf/df dgf]j}1flgs tgfj -%% dWo] %@_Ù zf/Ll/s rf]6 -%% dWo] $#_Ù / ;fdflhs sl7gfOx¿ h:t} e]befj, k[ylss/0f / ;LdfGtLs/0f-%% dWo] $@_ nfO{ klxrfg u/] . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfdWo] w]/}h;f]n] afnaRrf k9fpg], :jf:Yo ;]jflng] / /f]huf/Ldf ePsf] xflgnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ h:tf lglZrt ;d:ofx¿nfO{ pNn]v u/]tfklg sl/aPs rf}yfOn] dfq æg}ltsÆ tyf cfly{s xflg pNn]v u/]sf lyP . o;/L kLl8tx¿;Fu lgs6 ;Dks{df/x]/ sfd ug]{x¿s} aLrdf JofKt pNnª\3gx¿sf c;/x¿sf af/]sf] ck"0f{ a'emfOsf sf/0f kl/k"/0f tyf ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf cGo pkfox¿sf] of]hgf agfpFbf kLl8tx¿sf] cg'ej tyf wf/0ffx¿ k|ltlalDjt x'g] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu pgLx¿;Fusf] k|ToIf k/fdz{sf] dxŒjnfO{ b;f{pbF5 .

w]/} kLl8tx¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf kL8fsf] dfqfsf af/]df ;Lldt a'emfO /x]sf] ePtfklg kLl8tx¿sf cfjZostfx¿nfO{ h?/L ljifosf ¿kdf ;Daf]wg ul/g'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf cfd ;xdlt lyof] . cGtjf{tf{lnOPsf %% hgf;/f]sf/jfnfx¿dWo] slknj:t'sf lhNnf :t/Lo clwsf/L Pshgfn] dfq xflgx¿nfO{ clxn] ;Daf]wg ug{ gx'g] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . t/ pgn] klg Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] s'/f eg]:jLsf/ u/] . w]/}h;f] pQ/bftf -%% dWo] %@_ n] åGåsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ pkrf/ lbg] bfloTj ;/sf/sf]/x]sf] s'/f pNn]v ub}{ cfufdL pkfox¿sf] cfwf/ clwsf/sf] pNnª\3g x'g kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm u/] .

xfn;Ddsf] /fxt sfo{qmdpk/sf] wf/0ff

clwsf+z pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/L jf /fxtcGtu{t lbOPsf nfex¿ s] s] x'g eGg] s'/f lj:t[t ¿kdf yfxf gePklg ;/sf/n] kLl8tx¿sf nflu cfly{s ;xfotf k|bfg u/]sf] eGg] hfgsf/L lyof] -o; k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg ;xdt %# dWo] %! hgf_ . kl/k"/0fLo 5fqj[lQ-%# dWo] #*_, Joj;flos tflnd -%# dWo] @(_ / ;x'lnotk"0f{ lrlsT;sLo ;]jf -%# dWo] !(_sf af/]df s]xL sd pQ/bftfx¿ hfgsf/ /x]sf] b]lvof] . tyflk pQ/bftfx¿ pQm sfo{qmdsf ;Ldfx¿af/];fdfGotM hfgsf/ lyP / tLdWo] w]/}n] kLl8t pQ/bftfx¿n] p7fPsf ljifox¿nfO{ bf]xf]¥ofP . $^ hgfpQ/bftfx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] åGåkLl8tsf cfjZostfx¿ k|efjsf/L jf k"0f{¿kdf ;Daf]wg gug]{ pNn]v u/] eg] 5 hgf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ -tLg :yfgLo ;/sf/L clwsf/L, b'O{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfk|ltlglw / Ps :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf k|ltlglw_ n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd kLl8tsf cfjZostfx¿;Daf]wg ug{ kof{Kt 5 eGg] wf/0ff JoQm u/] .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd ckof{Kt /x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf ;xefuLx¿n] pQm sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yf tyf k|s[ofx¿sf af/]df lgDglnlvt rf;f]x¿ p7fPsf lyPM

• Ifltk"lt{sf ;Ldfx¿ M ax'dt pQ/bftfx¿n] -%% dWo] #(_ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tpknAw u/fOPsf] Ifltk"lt{ /sd ckof{Kt /x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP . clwsf+zpQ/bftfx¿n] cfly{s Ifltk"lt{df Hofbf hf]8 lbOPsf] eGb} ;f]sf] cfnf]rgf ub}{ s] kLl8tn]


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ef]u]sf xflg tyf gf]S;fgLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ cfly{s Ifltk"lt{ dfq kof{Kt x'G5 egL k|Zg u/]sf lyP . alb{of lhNnfsf jl/i7 ;/sf/L k|ltlglwsf zAbdf, æ/fxtsf] /sd = = = dfgjsf]hLjgsf] t'ngfdf w]/} sd 5Æ .

• oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] alxis/0f M w]/} pQ/bftfx¿n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] oftgfkLl8tx¿nfO{kof{Kt ¿kdf ;Daf]wg gu/]sf] tyf pQm sfo{qmdn] czQmtf ePsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ ;xfotf ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf] ljifok|lt rf;f] JoQm u/] .

• Joj;flos tflndkZrft ;xof]usf] cefj M kLl8tx¿nfO{ gofF ;Lkx¿;lxtsf Joj;flostflndx¿ lbOPsf] ePtf klg ;|f]tsf] ;LdLttfsf sf/0f pgLx¿sf nflu /f]huf/L ;'lglZrt ug{ g;lsPsf] l:yltk|lt ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ ljz]if ¿kdf lrlGtt lyP .

• k|s[ofsf] hl6ntf tyf /fhgLlts cj/f]w M ;/sf/, :yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf ax'dt k|ltlglwx¿n] kLl8tx¿n] h;/L g} lgj]bg k|s[of tyf /fxt k|fKt ug]{ k|s[of cTolws hl6n Pj+ nfdf] ePsf] wf/0ff JoQm u/] . ;fy}, /fhgLlts k|efj cyjf x:tIf]kaf6pTkGg hf]lvd tyf To:tf /fxtsf nflu cof]Uo gSsnL bfj]bf/x¿n] klg /fxt k|fKt u/]sf] ;DaGwdf klg rf;f]x¿ JoQm ePsf lyP .

tyflk, kLl8t pQ/bftfx¿n] h:t} cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] klg cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] s]xL tTsfnLg cfjZostfx¿, ljz]if ¿kdf lhjgofkgsf cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/] .

cfufdL cfjZostf tyf kl/k"/0fsf] efjL :j¿k;DaGwL wf/0ff

ækLl8tx¿n] pgLx¿sf] clwsf/sf] xgg\ ePafkt /fHoaf6 s] s] ck]Iff ug'{kb{5 <Æ eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf ljljwtf lyof] . :yfgLo ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿, :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ tyf u}/;/sf/L;+:yfx¿n] klxrfg u/]sf cfufdL sfo{qmdx¿ kLl8tx¿ :j+odn] klxrfg u/]sf sfo{qmdx¿;Fu w]/}h;f] cj:yfdf d]n vfP / cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfx¿n] åGåkLl8tx¿sf nflu pRr ;xfg'e"lt JoQm ul/g'kg]{;'emfj klg lbP .

pQ/bftfx¿n] /f]huf/Ldf ;xfotf, z}lIfs cj;/, pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿sf af/]df ;Tosf] lg¥Sof}n, ;Dej ePsf] :yfgdf axfnL tyf k'g:yf{kgf, ;fËu7lgs ;'wf/ tyf bf]ifLx¿nfO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg] pkfox¿af/] ;'emfj lbP . s]xL pQ/bftfn] åGåsf sf/0fn] cgfy ePsf afnaflnsfsf] cj:yfaf/]k|sfz kf/] . /fHosf k|ltlglwx¿ tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf wf/0ffdf leGgtfx¿ lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflucGo pQ/bftfx¿n] ;d]t p7fPsf] eP klg :yfgLo ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx¿n] /f]huf/L k|jw{gdf /fHosf] e"ldsfsf af/]df ljz]if¿kdf k|sfz kf/]sf lyP -%% dWo] @! n]_. u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿n]hjfkmb]xLtf;Fu ;DalGwt / To;df klg ljz]if ¿kdf kmf}hbf/L cg';Gwfg tyf bf]ifLx¿sf] cleof]hg-%% dWo] !& hgfn] p7fg u/]sf_ Pj+ ;To lg¿k0f;DaGwL pkfox¿ pNn]v u/]sf lyP .

/fHoåf/f ul/g] ;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQm dxŒjk"0f{ 5 jf 5}g eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf b'O{hgf pQ/bftfafx]s;a} pQ/bftfx¿n] Tof] cfjZos ePsf] ljrf/ JoQm ub{} lsg To:tf] :jLsf/f]lQm cfjZos x'G5 eGg] af/]df ljleGg ljrf/x¿ JoQm u/] . To:tf] :jLsf/f]lQmn] kLl8tx¿nfO{ ;Gt'li6 / Gofosf] cfefiflbnfpg], kLl8tx¿;Fusf] ;fdflhs Pstf ;'b[9 agfpg], ;fdflhs nf~5gf sd ug]{, ;To :yfkgf /bf]ifLx¿nfO{ ;hfo ug{df ;xof]u ug]{, k'gM åGå bf]xf]l/gaf6 /f]Sg] / efjL k':tfx¿nfO{ ;s/fTds ;Gb]zlbg] nufotsf] ljrf/ pgLx¿n] JoQm u/] . tyflk, b'O{ ;xefuLx¿n] eg] k'/fgf] 3fp alNemg] hf]lvd tyfkLl8tx¿sf cg'ej ;fj{hlgs ePkZrft pgLx¿dfly x'g] ;Defljt vt/fsf af/]df rf;f] JoQm u/] .

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kl/k"/0fLo Gofosf] kIfkftL x'bfFx'b}F klg clwsf+z ;xefuLx¿n]] kl/k"/0f pknAw u/fpgdf 7"nf cj/f]wx¿ /x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP . s]xL ;xefuLx¿n] kL8sx¿ zlQmzfnL kbx¿df /x]sfn]cleof]hgdf afwf pTkGg e}/x]sf]tk{m :ki6¿kdf ;Í]t u/] eg] cGo s]xL ;xefuLx¿n] ;fj{hlgs ;|f]tsf] cefj, /fhgLlts cl:y/tf tyf Gofo k|bfg ug{ vf]lhPdf yk ljefhgsf] hf]lvd / /fHok|ltåGåkLl8tx¿sf] ljZjf; x/fPsf] laifox¿ pNn]v u/] . tyflk nueu ;a} pQ/bftfx¿ -%% dWo] $(_åGåkLl8tx¿n] /fHoaf6 Gofosf] ck]Iff ug{'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;xdt lyP . s]xL pQ/bftfx¿n] GofonfO{lgs} Jofks ¿kdf, JolQmljz]ifsf] cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ -h:t} Ifltk"lt{, Joj;flos tflndsf ;fy} /f]huf/L nlIft ;xfotfsf] lg/Gt/tf / hUuf tyf ;DklQ lkmtf{_ sf ;fy} åGåkLl8tx¿sf] ;Ddfgdfof]ubfg k'¥ofpg] / d]nldnfksf nflu cg's"n zflGtk"0f{ cj:yf ;'lglZrt ug]{ pkfox¿ ;d]t ;d]6\g]u/L a'em]sf lyP .


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(= lgisif{

cfwf/e"t ;fdflhs–cfly{s cfjZostfx¿sf] tfTsflnstf

;xefuLx¿n] cfkm" :jo+ jf pgLx¿sf kl/jf/sf ;fy} ædfOnLÆ, æ;fOFnfÆ / æsfOFnfÆ h:tf sfNklgs

kfqx¿n] ef]u]sf xflgx¿sf] ljj/0fn] åGå;Fu ;DalGwt dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf Wj+zfTds tyf

lg/Gt/ c;/x¿df k|sfz kfb{5g\ . pgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s cj:yfdf X|f; cfPsf]], ;Lldt

;|f]tx¿sf] pkef]u e};s]sf] / ;fdgf ug{] Ifdtf gi6 ePsfn] kof{Kt ;xfotf jf s]xL cj:yfx¿df t

s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;xfotfsf] cefjdf åGåkLl8tx¿sf] cj:yf ;do;Fu;Fu} emg v/fa ag]sf] 5 .

cg';Gwfgsf ;xefuLx¿n] hLljsf;DaGwL cfjZostfx¿ tyf pgLx¿sf] hLjgofkg k'g:yf{lkt x'g'kg]{

s'/fdf tyf oftgfkLl8tsf xsdf lrlsT;sLo pkrf/ tyf dgf]j}1flgs ;xfotf cTofjZos /x]sf]

s'/fdf lbPsf] hf]8n] kLl8tx¿n] pkrf/ k|fKt ug{sf nflu ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]usf]

l;kmfl/; s'g'{kg{] cfjZostfsf af/]df klg uDeL/ rf;f]sf] p7fg ub}{ kl/k"/0f pknAw u/fpgdf yk

l9nfO ug{ gx'g] :ki6 kfb{5 .

ch]{lG6gf, lrnL / blIf0f clk|msfsf] kl/k"/0f sfo{qmdsf dxŒjk"0f{ pbfx/0fx¿ x]bf{ ;To lg¿k0f

cfof]usf ;'emfjx¿sf] kfngf ug]{ xf] eg] kl/k"/0fx¿ yk ;'lgof]lht / j[xt x'G5g\ Pj+ Jofks hg;dy{g

k|fKt ub{5g\ eGg] b]lvg;S5 . t/, ;To lg¿k0f cfof]u / kl/k"/0faLrsf] o:tf] ;DaGw g t k"0f{ ¿kdf

;fFrf] xf] g t ;To cfof]u / kl/k"/0faLr b]lvPsf] jf:tljs ;DaGwn] of] ts{sf] ;dy{g ub{5 . oL

b]zx¿df ;To lg¿k0f cfof]ux¿n] kl/k"/0fnfO{ pTk|]l/t u/], t/ kl/k"/0fsf] jf:tljs sfo{qmd eg]

cGttM kLl8t tyf gful/s ;dfh kl/rfng Pj+ kl/k"/0f pknAw u/fpg] ;+:yfx¿sf] sfo{sf] pkh

lyof] .

;To lg¿k0f cfof]usf] u}/pkl:yltdf cyjf To:tf ;+:yfx¿n] ltgLx¿sf] sfo{ k'/f gul/;s]sf]

cj:yfdf ;d]t kl/k"/0fsf sfo{qmdx¿ nfu" ePsf pbfx/0fx¿ klg w]/} 5g\ -sf]nlDjof, OG8f]g]l;of,

lkmlnlkG;, l6df]/–ln:6]] / 6\o'lgl;of_ .69 o:tf sfo{qmdn], ;Ldfsf afah'b, kLl8tx¿sf] cTofjZos

69 sf]nlDaofn] ;g\ @)!! df kLl8tx¿sf nflu kl/k"/0f tyf hldg lkmtf{;DaGwL sfg'g nfu" u¥of] h'g zflGt jftf{ rfn' /xFb} ubf{ / To;cGtu{t ;To lg¿k0fsf] k|s[lt / If]qsf af/]df 5nkmn rln/x]sf a]nf sfof{Gjog eof] .OG8f]g]l;ofsf] cfr] k|fGtdf kLl8t tyf n8fs'x¿sf nflu k'gM:yf{kgf sfo{qmd nfu" ul/Psf] lyof] ha ls ToxfF ;To lg¿k0f cfof]usf] :yfkgf ug]{ ljw]os ;g\ @)!# df dfq k|:tfj ul/Psf] lyof] . lkmlnlkG;df ;g\ @)!# sf]Ps sfg'gn] ;g !(&@–!(*^ sf] dfsf]{; tfgfzfxLsf kLl8tx¿sf nflu kl/k"/0f sfo{qmd :yflkt u¥of] h;cGtu{t ;To jofg ug]{ To:tf] k|s[of ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 h;df kLl8t / pQ/hLjLx¿n] /fHo;Fu pgLx¿sf] cg'ejx¿nfO{clen]vLs/0f ug{ / ;+:d/0f sfo{df k|of]u ug{sf nflu cfu|x ug{ ;Sb5g\ . l6df]/–ln:6]df ;To lg¿k0f cfof]usf]k|s[of ;Fu;Fu} Ps cljnDa Ifltk"lt{ sfo{qmd nfu" ul/Psf] lyof] . xfn;fn}, 6\o'lgl;ofn] ;To tyf lgi7f cfof]usf]lgdf{0f ug]{ sfg'g cg'df]bg x'g'cufj} Ifltk"lt{sf ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ nfu" u/]sf] 5 .

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cfjZostfx¿sf] ;Daf]wg ug{df jf ;To lg¿k0f tyf hjfkmb]lxtfsf cj;/x¿ sfod /fVg] jf l;h{gf

ug{df ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] o;df ePsf q'l6x¿sf afah'b ;To lg¿k0f cfof]u gePsf] cj:yfdf klg

kLl8tx¿nfO{ t'ngfTds ¿kdf zL3|tfk"j{s ;xfotf k|bfg ug{ ;Dej 5 egL b]vfPsf] 5 . oBlk

zL3|tfsf] gfddf k/fdz{ gul/g' x'Fb}g / cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf] th'{df tyf Joj:yfkgsf bf}/fg ;fdgf

ul/Psf ;d:ofx¿af6 kf7 l;Sg / To;nfO{ nfu" ug{ cem} afFsL 5 . k|:tfljt ;To lg¿k0f tyf

d]nldnfk cfof]ueGbf cufj} kLl8tx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d"xsf] ;a}eGbf cTofjZos

cfjZostfx¿ ;Daf]wg ul/g'kg]{ :ki6 5 .

kl/k"/0fLo cfjZostfx¿sf] ;du| k|s[lt / ck]Iffx¿

w]/} ;xefuLx¿ b}lgs hLjgofkgsf r'gf}tLx¿df tNnLg ePsf] ePtfklg pgLx¿nfO{ clt cfjZos

eGbf aflx/sf cfjZostfx¿sf af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ cj;/ pknAw u/fpFbf pgLx¿n] lbPsf hjfkmx¿n]

To:tf wf/0ffx¿ pb\3fl6t eP h'g g]kfndf kLl8tx¿sf dfux¿nfO{ k|foM ;fdflhs cfly{s dfusf

¿kdf ;Lldt ug]{{ 5nkmn;Fu c;ª\ut 5g\ . cg';Gwfgsf lgisif{n] of] clt ;/nLs/0f ul/Psf] b]vfpF5 .

To;sf ljkl/t, uxg 5nkmnsf nflu cj;/ pknAw u/fpFbf ;xefuLx¿n] pgLx¿sf] ljrf/df Gofo s]

xf] eGg] af/]df ;du| b[li6sf]0fx¿ k|:t't u/] / pgLx¿ jf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿dfly ul/Psf dfgjclwsf/

pNnª\3gx¿sf pkrf/sf nflu cfjZos ljlwx¿sf af/]df j[xQ/ pkfox¿ k]z u/] . kLl8tx¿sf]

cfjZostf tyf ck]Iff;DaGwL pgLx¿sf] kl/efiffnfO{ gsfg'{ eg]sf] pgLx¿sf] clwsf/ dfq gsfg'{ geO

pgLx¿sf] cfˆgf] / g]kfns} eljio lgwf{/0fdf pgLx¿sf] cfjfh ;d]t gsfg'{ xf] .

ax'dt pQ/bftfx¿sf nflu cef}lts cfjZostfx¿ lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ lyP / tL cfjZostfx¿ ;'b"/

eljiosf nflu :ylut x'g;Sg] cyjf Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] ef}lts ;xfotf;Fu ;fF6km]/ ug{

;lsg] cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf x]l/Psf] lyPg . To;sf] ;f6f], kLl8tx¿sf] :jfledfg k'li6 ug]{, pgLx¿nfO{

klxrfg k|bfg ug]{ / yk xflglj?4 pgLx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ h:tf pkfox¿ k'gM k|flKtsf] dxŒjk"0f{

kf6f] xf] . ljleGg ju{sf pQ/bftfx¿n] hf]8 lbg] s'/fdf leGgtf x'g;Sg] ePtfklg ;To lg¿k0f,

ækL8snfO{ ;hfoÆ / ;fj{hlgs :jLsf/f]lQm h:tf cef}lts pkfox¿nfO{ bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iffsf

¿kdf pRr k|fyldtstfdf /flvPsf] lyof] eg] dxŒjk"0f{ ;ª\Vofsf ;xefuLx¿n] ltgLx¿nfO{ tTsfnLg

cfjZostfsf ¿kdf ;d]t dfg]sf lyP .

kLl8tx¿n] pgLx¿sf cfjZostfx¿nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVbf ljj]sk"j{s lg0f{o lnG5g\ eGg] cWoogsf]

lgZsif{x¿n] b]vfpFb5g\ . hLjglgjf{xsf nflu b}lgs ;ª\3if{sf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] cj:yfdf pgLx¿n]

cef}lts pkfox¿eGbf ;fdflhs cfly{s pkfox¿df a9L hf]8 lbg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . t;y{, cfly{s

Ifltk"lt{n] kLl8tx¿n] ef]u]sf xflgx¿sf] k"0f{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ ;Sb}g jf Gofosf] dfu k'/f u/fpg ;Sb}g

eGg] ;fdfGo wf/0ff ePtfklg, yf]/} ;xfotf dfq pknAw u/fOPsf] cj:yfdf cfly{s Ifltk"lt{{ g}

pgLx¿sf] k|fylds dfusf ¿kdf /xG5 lsgeg] To;n] afnaRrfnfO{ v'jfpg], pgLx¿nfO{ lzIff k|bfg

ug]{, :jf:Yof]krf/sf] vr{ e'Qmfg ug{] / cGo cfsl:ds sl7gfOx¿ ;Daf]wg ug]{ sfo{ ;Dej agfpFb5 .

To;}u/L, g]kfn h:tf] kmf}hbf/L Gofok|0ffnL sdhf]/ /x]sf] / To:tf] Gofok|0ffnLdf ul/ax¿sf] kx'Fr

gePsf] 7fpFdf kLl8tx¿n] ;kmn cleof]hg x'g] ;Defjgf / To:tf cleof]hgx¿n] pgLx¿sf] cj:yfdf

kl/jt{g Nofpg ;S5 eGg] s'/fdf sd} dfq cfzf ub{5g\ . To;;DaGwL wf/0ffx¿df ljljwtf klg x'g


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;Sb5 . lgisif{x¿n] kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|s[ofsf] d"No dfGotf / e"ldsfx¿sf af/]df ljrf/x¿sf] leGgtf

bzf{pFb5 h'g åGåkZrftsf] cj:yfdf c;fdfGo xf]Og . dxŒjk"0f{ kIf s] xf] eg] kmf}hbf/L d'2f cl3

a9fpg rfxg] kLl8tx¿nfO{ To;f] ug{sf nflu cj;/ / ;xfotf pknAw u/fOg' k5{ / /fHon] klg

/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gcg'¿k uDeL/ k|s[ltsf dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfsf nflu lhDd]jf/

JolQmx¿sf af/]df :jtGq ¿kdf cg';Gwfg ug]{ / bf]ifLpk/ sf/afxL ug]{ sfg'gL st{Josf] kfngf ug'{k5{ .

kLl8tx¿sf] ljj/0f a‰g'sf] dxŒŒj

dfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf sf/0f cg'ej ul/Psf w]/}h;f] xflgx¿ ;a} rf/ ju{sf ;xefuLx¿sf nflu

;dfg lyof] eg] s]xL xflgx¿ eg] xgg\sf 36gfx¿sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ lglZrt lsl;dsf lyP . tyflk,

kLl8tsf] xf] eGg] s'/fn] klg xflgsf] k|s[lt / ;Ldf s;/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;S5 eGg] ;d]t lgisif{x¿n]

b]vfpFb5 . xflgsf] cg'ej / ;fdgf ug{;Sg] Ifdtfdf /x]sf] ljljwtf lnËsf] ;DaGwdf ;a}eGbf :ki6

¿kdf b;f{OPsf] lyof] . tyflk hflt / hfltotf klg jf:tljs xgg\df yk hf]lvd l;h{gf ug{df ;Da4

/x]sf] b]vfOPsf] lyof] / w]/} 36gfx¿df To;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k c?n] eGbf a9L xflg ef]Ug'k/]sf] lyof] .

pQ/bftfx¿dWo] clwsf+zn] ljz]ifu/L blntx¿df ;fdgf ug{] ;fdYo{ Go"g ePsf] / pgLx¿n] ;xfotf

k|fKt ug{df Hofbf cj/f]wx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{kl//x]sf] dfg]sf lyP .

To;sf/0f blnt dlxnfx¿sf ;fy;fy} lglZrt cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf dlxnfx¿ bf]xf]/f] ¿kdf kLl8t x'g

;Sb5g\ . lgisif{x¿n] b]vfPcg';f/ dlxnfx¿n] k'?ifs} ;/x pNnª\3g ef]u]sf] cj:yfdf klg To;af6

l;lh{t xflgx¿ cTolws x'g] / To;sf] yk ;fdflhs kIf -nfh, bf]iff/f]k0f, ;LdfGtLs/0f, alxis/0f_n]

cfly{s sl7gfOnfO{ tLj|| agfpg, kfl/jfl/s / ;fd'bflos ;DaGwdf gsf/fTds c;/ kfg{, dfgl;s

:jf:Yodf vnn kfg{ / dlxnfx¿nfO{ yk ul/aL tyf ;LdfGtLs/0ftkm{ ws]Ng ;S5 .

Dflxnfx¿n] ef]u]sf xflgx¿n] km/s jf leGg k|fyldstfsf cfjZostfx¿sf] p7fg klg ug{;S5 .

pbfx/0fsf nflu, o; k|ltj]bgsf nflu cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf ;a} oftgfkLl8t dlxnfx¿nfO{ :ki6¿kdf

ljz]if1 lrlsT;sLo ;]jfsf] cfjZostf lyof] . t/, cGo dlxnf ;xefuLx¿n] h:t} oL dlxnfx¿n]

klg pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfodf pgLx¿sf] :yfg k'g:yf{lkt x'g'kg]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ alxisf/ xf]Og ls

pkrf/ kfpg of]Uo ck/fwaf6 kLl8tsf ¿kdf klxrfg x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf af/] af]n] .

;/sf/n] åGåaf6 k|efljt dlxnf tyf aflnsfx¿nfO{ /fxt / pkrf/sf nflu lglZrt pkfox¿

cfjZos kg]{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] kfFr jif]{ æ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb k|:tfj !#@% /

!*@) sfof{Gjog /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfÆ -@)!!–@)!^_ df kl/k"/0f;DaGwL lglZrt Joj:yfx¿ ;dfj]z

5 .70 g]kfnn] xfn;fn} ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo dlxnfsf] cj:yf;DaGwL cfof]usf] ;g\ @)!# dfr{sf]

;qdf of}ghGo tyf n}ª\lus lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;f nufot dlxnf tyf aflnsfx¿lj?4 ul/g] lx+;fsf]

;Daf]wg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbgsf nflu dlxnfsf] Gofodf kx'Frdf ePsf cj/f]wx¿ x6fpg],

kL8sx¿nfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ / of}lgs tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo h:tf :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿nfO{ ;:tf] / ;xh agfpg]

70 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ k|:tfj g+= !#@% / !*@) sfof{Gjog /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf, g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f k]ma'|c/L!, @)!! df cg'df]lbt . pQm sfo{of]hgfsf] 9fFrf &=#=$= n] /fxt / pkrf/cGtu{t åGåaf6 k|efljt dlxnf tyfaflnsfx¿sf nflu n}ª\lus¿kdf ;+j]bgzLn :jf:Yo, lzIff, zfl//Ls, ljlQo tyf cfly{s pkrf/fTds sfo{qmd ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . 9fFrf &=#=@= ;+/If0f / /f]syfdcGtu{t of}ghGo tyf n}ª\lus lx+;fpk/ cg';Gwfg ug{, åGå;Fu;DalGwt anfTsf/sf 36gfdf cleof]hg ;Dej agfpgsf nflu sfg'gdf ;'wf/ ug{ tyf cfˆgf] d'2f cbfnt;dIfn}hfg dlxnfx¿nfO{ sfg'gL ;xfotf pknAw u/fpgsf nflu ;/sf/nfO{ k|lta4 u/fpFb5 .

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s'/fdf k'gMk|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf] 5 . 71

o:tf tyf cGo k|lta4tfx¿sf afah'b ;z:q åGåsf qmddf ePsf dfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf kLl8t

dlxnfx¿sf clwsf/ / lnª\udf cfwfl/t cfjZostfx¿sf] lg/Gt/ pk]Iff ePsf] 5 . of}ghGo tyf

n}ª\lus lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;faf6 kLl8t ePsfx¿sf] s'/f ubf{, cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd tyf xfn

of]hgfdf /x]sf] dgf];fdflhs sfo{qmdaf6 pgLx¿nfO{ aflx/ kfg]{ lje]b xf] . w]/} dlxnfx¿ / ljz]if u/L

of}ghGo tyf n}ª\lus lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf pQ/hLjLx¿ ;fdflhs ¿kdf lrlgg grfxg ;Sb5g\

;fy} pgLx¿ cfˆgf nflu jsfnt ug]{ x}l;otdf 5}gg\ eGg] tYo pgLx¿sf] nflu s]xL gug'{ k5fl8sf]

ts{ x'g;Sb}g . jf:tjdf cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf dlxnfx¿ dfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf sf/0f pgLx¿n] ef]u]sf

xflg ;Daf]wgsf nflu /fHo g} lhDd]jf/ 5 eGg] s'/fdf cl8u 5g\ . a? o;n] anfTsf/ tyf of}ghGo

lx+;faf6 kLl8t nufotsf dlxnfx¿sf] kx'Fr /xg] kl/k"/0f sfo{qmdx¿ tof/ kfg'{ / To:tf] sfo{qmd

tof/ kfbf{ pgLx¿sf] uf]Kotfsf] ;Ddfg x'g] tyf pgLx¿nfO{ k'gM kLl8t gt'Nofpg] tyf yk xflg gug]{

Joj:yf ul/g'sf] dxŒjnfO{ b;f{pFb5 .

anfTsf/ jf of}ghGo lx+;fsf kLl8tsf ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf klxrfg gv'Ng] u/L ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿df

kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg] kl/k"/0f sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ r'gf}tLnfO{ cGo /fi6«x¿df ljleGg tl/sfaf6 ;Daf]wg

ul/Psf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu, kLl8tx¿sf] lgGbf gxf];\ / klxrfg gv'nf];\ eGgsf nflu pgLx¿;Fu

sfo{ ul//x]sf / To;}sf/0f pgLx¿n] ljZjf; u/]sf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] dlxnfx¿sf] klxrfg tyf btf{

ug]{ sfo{df ;3fPsf 5g\ / o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿n] cfk"mnfO{ lrgfpg cfjZos kb{}g . of}ghGo tyf n}ª\lus

lje]bdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] klxrfg v'Ng] u/L cGo dlxnfx¿af6 cnUu} g/flvg]

lsl;dsf] k|s[ofx¿ th'{df ul/Psf 5g\ . anfTsf/kZrft hlGdPsf aRrfx¿sf cfdfx¿n] d[tssf

ljwjf kTgLx¿ Jff a]kQf ePsfx¿sf kTgL ;/x nfesf nflu cfj]bg lbg ;s'g\ egL t6:y zJbx¿

h:t} æPsn cfdfÆ k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . dlxnfx¿sf] cfjZostfx¿ pgsf] kl/jf/sf] cfjZostfx¿sf

sf/0f uf}0f gxf];\ / ljleGg ;]jfx¿ k|fKt ug{sf nflu k6k6s cfpg gk/f];\ eGgsf nflu dlxnfx¿nfO{

pgLx¿sf aRrfx¿n] /fxt kfpg] ;do / :yfgd} ;]jf kfpg] Joj:yf ul/ ;xof]u / pgLx¿sf] kx'Fr

;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfndf eg] o;sf] ljk/Lt ePsf] 5 . dlxnfsf] uf]kgLotf ;+/If0f ug'{sf] ;f6f] cGtl/d /fxt

sfo{qmdaf6 pgLx¿sf] alxis/0fn] pgLx¿sf cg'ejx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ lgs} nHhf:kb 5 eGg] lglxt

;ª\s]t u/L pgLx¿pk/sf] bf]iff/f]k0fnfO{ a9fjf lbPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts bafak|lt ;+j]bgzLn

/xFb} t/ klg xflgnfO{ ;xof]u jf ;'b[9 gug]{ lsl;daf6 ;xfotf k|bfg ug{ ;Dej 5 eGg] cGo /fi6«x¿sf

pbfx/0fx¿n] b]vfpFb5g\ . tyflk o;sf] cy{ r'gf}tLx¿sf] cjd"Nog eg] xf]Og .

kl/k"/0fdfk{mt åGåsf d"n sf/0fx¿sf] ;Daf]wg

afFFRgsf nflu cfjZos cfwf/e"t cfjZostfb]lv bL3{sfnLg cfTdlge{/tf / ;'/IffnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{

pkfox¿;Ddsf] :ki6 >ª\\vnfnfO{ x]bf{ w]/} ;xefuLx¿ åGåk"j{sf] cfˆgf] ;fdflhs cfly{s x}l;otdf

kmls{g] dfq OR5f /fVb}gg\ a? ;'wfl/Psf], yk ;'/lIft cj:yfsf] cfsfª\Iff /fVb5g\ hxfF pgLx¿nfO{

dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3g x'g] hf]lvdsf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg] cj:yfx¿sf] ;Daf]wg xf];\ . To;}u/L,

afnaflnsfx¿pk/ ePsf xflgx¿sf af/]df k6sk6s JoQm ul/Psf rf;f]x¿ tyf pgLx¿sf] lzIffsf

71 dlxnfsf] cj:yf;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo cfof]u, dfr{ $–!%, @)!#, cª\lusf/ ul/Psf lgisif{x¿, ;o+'Qm /fi6«ª\3 b:tfj]h, E/2013/27 .


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nflu nuftf/ ¿kdf p7fOPsf ;xof]usf] dfux¿n] cfufdL k':tfn] ;'wfl/Psf] hLjg pkef]u ug]{ /

pgLx¿sf cleefjsx¿lj?4 ePsf dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf c;/x¿ ef]Ug afWo gx'g] ;'lglZrt

ug{'sf] dxŒjnfO{ b;f{pFb5 .

klxrfg ul/Psf cfjZostfx¿ w]/} xb;Dd kLl8t / ltgsf kl/jf/x¿;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . tyflk s]xL

;xefuLx¿n] ufpFx¿df ;]jfsf Joj:yf -ljB't, vfg]kfgL, 9n, ljBfno, ;fj{hlgs k':tsfnox¿_72

/ ;'/lIft Pj+ ;'b[9 jftfj/0f nufotsf j[xt kmfObfx¿ x'g] pkfox¿sf] ;'emfj klg lbP . o;

cg';Gwfgdf lj:t[t¿kdf cGj]if0f gul/Psf] ePtfklg JolQms]lGb|t kl/k"/0fsf pkfox¿af6 s;/L yk

;fd"lxs nfex¿ lng ;lsG5 / To;n] s;/L ;fd"lxs xflgx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{;S5 eGg] af/]df yk

ljrf/ ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

kl/k"/0fsf] kf/Dkl/s cjwf/0ff clwsf/x¿ JolQm;Fu ;DalGwt x'g] x'gfn] pNnª\3gsf] pkrf/ JolQmut

txdf ul/g'k5{ eGg] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t 5 . tyflk, d'ntM gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/sf]

pNnª\3gdf s]lGb|t kl/k"/0fn] klg ;fdfGotM ;]jfx¿ tyf ;fdfgx¿df kx'Fr -h:t} :jf:Yo, lzIff jf

cfjf;_nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g\ h;n] jf:tljs pNnª\3gsf sf/0f pTkGg s]xL ef}lts c;/x¿nfO{

;Daf]wg ub{5g\ / ;f]xL ;dodf kLl8tx¿nfO{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/x¿sf]

pkef]u ug{ lbgsf nflu of]ubfg u/]sf 5g\ . xfn;fn}sf cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 tyf ;lGwx¿df ;fd"lxs

kl/k"/0fsf af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ .73

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf] kl/k]|Iodf kl/k"/0fsf] clwsf/ tyf ;a}nfO{ pknAw x'g'kg]{ cfly{s ;fdflhs

tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL wf/0ffdf cGtlg{lxt ;d:ofx¿ 5g\ .74 t/ nlIft cfly{s ;xfotn]

åGåkLl8t tyf ;dfg :t/sf] ul/aL tyf alxis/0fdf k/]sf cGosf aLr tgfj tyf ljefhg x'g;;Sg]

hf]lvd klg /xG5 . cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 /fxt k|fKt u/]sf s]xLn] pNn]v u/]cg';f/, kLl8t

gePsfx¿nfO{ alxis/0fdf kfb}{ kLl8tx¿n] cg'lrt ¿kdf kmfO{bf kfPsf] egL x]l/Fbf nfe k|flKtn]

c;Gt'li6 k}bf ug{ / ;LdfGtLs/0fnfO{ yk ;'b[9 ug{;S5 .

72 lj/n} ¿kdf p7fg ul/Psf] tyf lgDg k|fyldstfdf /x]sf] ePtfklg o:tf vfn] cfjZostfx¿ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf k'?if / dlxnf nfefyL{x¿ tyf oftgf pQ/hLjL k'?ifx¿n] p7fPsf lyP .

73 pkrf/ tyf kl/k"/0f;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\\3Lo cfwf/e"t l;4fGt tyf lbzflgb]{z -@))%_ n] efu %, kl/R5]b * dfæcGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ sfg'gsf] Jofks pNnª\3g jf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'gsf] uDeL/ pNnª\\3g x'g] sfo{ jf csfo{ dfk{mt JolQmut jf ;fd"lxs ¿kdf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s rf]6, efjgfTds kL8f, cfly{s Iflt jf pgLx¿sf] df}lns xssf] pNn]vgLo xgg\ ePsfÆ kLl8tnfO{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . /f]d ljwfgsf] wf/f &% n] cGt/f{li6«o kmf}hbf/LcbfntnfO{ kl/k"/0f pknAw u/fpg] clwsf/ k|bfg ub{5 eg] cbfntsf] sfo{ljlw tyf k|df0f;DaGwL lgodfjnLsf] lgod (& n] æJolQmut cfwf/df jf pko'Qm b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf ;fd"lxs cfwf/df jf b'j}sf cfwf/x¿df kl/k"/0fÆ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .

74 dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{nosf] ;g\ @)!$ sf] k|ltj]bg, æ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo / cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf;fdflhs clwsf/Æ n] o:tf ;d:ofx¿ bzf{pg] s]xL ;}4flGts b'ljwfx¿ ;d]6]sf] 5 . x]g'{xf];\ M dfgjclwsf/pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no, æ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo / cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs clwsf/Æ -@)!$_, http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/HR-PUB-13-05.pdf

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w]/} /fHox¿n] kl/k"/0fsf ;DaGwdf To:tf df}lns b[li6sf]0fx¿ cjnDag u/]sf 5g\ h;n] c;dfgtf

tyf ;z:q åGådf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf cGo sf/s tTjx¿sf] ;Daf]wgsf] k|of; ub{5g\ .75 g]kfndf

o:tf] df}lns b[li6sf]0f eg]sf], ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o s]Gb|n] klxn] klg pNn]v

u/]em}, kLl8tx¿n] ef]u]sf ædfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf j[xt >ª\vnfsf h8 sf/0fx¿ klxrfg u/L hfgsf/L

lbg] / ;f]sf] pkrf/df of]ubfg ug]{Æ lsl;dsf] kl/k"/0f gLltsf] cjnDag x'g;S5 .76 o;f] ug]{ Pp6f

pkfo eg]sf] kLl8tx¿sf bL3{sfnLg cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ kl/k"/0f sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ tNnf

hflt, b'ud{, e"ldxLg / ljkGg ;d'bfox¿ jf pgLx¿ a;f]jf; ug]{ If]qx¿sf j[xQ/ hg;ª\Vofk|lt

nlIft ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿;Fu ;+of]hg ug'{ xf] . o;f] ug]{ qmddf ljsf;stf{x¿ -;/sf/, bftfx¿

tyf ljsf;sf lgsfox¿_n] ;du| ;fdflhs ;]jf jf cfly{s ljsf; sfo{qmdcGtu{t ljlzli6s[t

;]jfx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]/ jf tL ;]jfx¿ jf sfo{qmdx¿cGtu{t dfgjclwsf/ jf dfgjLo sfg'gsf]

pNnª\3gåf/f uDeL/ hf]lvddf kfl/Psf JolQm jf kl/jf/x¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbFb} kLl8tx¿sf ljlzi6

cfjZostfpk/ Wofg lbg ;Sb5g\ .

75 pbfx/0fsf nflu, k]?df ;To lg¿k0f cfof]u (Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación, CVR) n] kl/k"/0fsf ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ l;kmfl/; u¥of] h'g ;du|df JolQmut ¿kdf ef]u]sf ck/fwx¿ -h:t} gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] xgg\_df pkrf/ k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} uxg ;fdflhs cfly{s lje]bx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ tyf P]ltxfl;s ¿kdf ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfosf afl;Gbfx¿nfO{ k"0f{ gful/stfsf nflu cfjZos cj:yf pknAw u/fpg]tkm{ nlIft /x]sf lyP . x]g'{xf];\, ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o s]Gb|, k]?df kl/k"/0fM ;'emfjb]lv sfof{Gjog;Dd, h"g@)!#, https://ictj.org/publication/reparations-peru-recommendations-implementation

76 x]g'{xf];\, ;ª\qmdsfnLg Gofosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o s]Gb| hfgsf/Lkq æg]kfndf /fxt, kl/k"/0f tyf åGåsf d"n sf/0fÆ -@)!@_, http://ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Nepal-Reparations-2012-English.pdf


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l;kmfl/;x¿

tn plNnlvt l;kmfl/;x¿ klxnf] r/0fdf ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o s]Gb|n] h?/L

7fg]sf ljj]szLn kl/k"/0fLo sfo{qmdx¿df s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . oL l;kmfl/;x¿kZrft lj:t[t kl/k"/0f

sfo{qmd;DaGwL l;kmfl/;x¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 h;sf nflu cfjZos cfwf/ ;To lg¿k0f tyf

d]nldnfk cfof]usf] :yfkgf x'g'cufj} tof/ ul/g'k5{ . oL ;'emfjx¿ o; k|ltj]bgsf nflu ul/Psf]

cg';Gwfgdf ;xefuL kLl8tx¿n] JoQm u/]sf wf/0ffx¿ Pj+ ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o

s]Gb|n] g]kfndf u/]sf k"j{ cg';Gwfgx¿df cfwfl/t 5g\ . oL ;'emfjx¿ k"0f{ 5}gg\ t/ ;/sf/, kLl8t

k|ltlglwx¿, gful/s ;dfh tyf bftfx¿dfem gLltut 5nkmn tyf cfjZos k/]df yk k/fdz{ ug]{

cfwf/ v8f ug{tkm{ nlIft /x]sf 5g\ .

tTsfnLg pkfox¿

!= kLl8tsf clt h?/L ;fdflhs cfly{s cfjZostfx¿ k"lt{ ug{sf nflu cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd lj:tf/

ug]{ jf 5'§} kl/k"/0f sfo{qmd nfu" ug]{ / oL pkfox¿ nfu" ug]{ qmddf xflgx¿sf] :jLsf/f]lQmsf nflu

;fª\s]lts :j¿kx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ . cfsl:ds sfo{qmd uDeL/ cfjZostfx¿sf] zL3| d'Nofª\

sgdf cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 / clt hf]lvddf /x]sf kLl8tx¿k|lt nlIft x'g'k5{ . ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw

u/fOFbf ;'ljwf k|fKtstf{x¿nfO{ ;fdfGo¿kdf æåGåkLl8tÆ sf ¿kdf dfq glnO{ :ki6 ¿kdf pQ/hLjL

tyf dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf kLl8tx¿ egL :jLsf/ ul/g'kb{5 . tTsfnLg jf bL3{sfnLg b'j}

lsl;dsf kl/k"/0f sfo{qmdx¿ :ki6¿kdf kl/eflift Pj+ e]befj/lxt dfkb08cg'¿ksf] x'g'kb{5 .

tTsfnLGf sfo{qmdcGtu{t Go"gtd ¿kdf ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ ljifox¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

• clt hf]lvddf /x]sf kLl8tx¿ -pbfx/0fsf nflu Ho]i7 gful/sx¿, Psn dlxnfx¿, Psn

cfdfx¿, cgfyx¿, ljz]if cfjZostf ePsf afnaflnsfx¿, zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s czQmtf

ePsf kLl8tx¿_sf] cfwf/e"t cfly{s cfjZostf tyf k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu Ifltk"lt{ tyf

cGo cfly{s ;xfotf . cfˆgf] hft, hfltotf jf cfly{s cj:yfsf sf/0f klxn] g}

jl~rtLs/0fdf k/]sf x'g;Sg] JolQmx¿sf] klxrfg ug{df ljz]if Wofg lbOg'kb{5 .

• hLjg hf]lvdsf] l:yltdf /x]sf, zf/Ll/s cj:yfn] ubf{ sfd ug{ jf cfkm"nfO{ ;xfotf ug{

g;Sg] cj:yfdf /x]sf jf oftgf cyjf of}ghGo lx+;fsf sf/0faf6 To:tf] ePsfx¿nfO{

zNolqmof nufotsf] lrlsT;sLo ;xfotf .

• kl/jf/sf] vr{ Joxf]g]{ c;Ifdtfsf sf/0f ljBfno hfg 5f]8]sf jf rfn' cGtl/d /fxt

sfo{qmd lgb]{lzsfcGtu{t z}lIfs ;'ljwf kfpgaf6 jl~rt ePsf ljBfno hfg] pd]/sf

afnaflnsfx¿sf] nflu 5fqj[lQ / cGo vr{x¿ -oftfoft, ljBfno kf]zfs, ljBfnosf

kf7\ok':ts nufot_ df ;xof]u .

@= a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf >LdtL tyf kl/jf/sf] hdLg jf cGo ;DklQpk/sf] sfg'gL xs a]kQf

kfl/Psf JolQmnfO{ d[t 3f]lift ug{ afWo gu/fO ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu tTsfn sbd rfNg'kg]{ . a]kQf

kfl/Psf JolQmsf >LdtL tyf kl/jf/sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs hf]lvd sd ug{] cNksfnLg

pkfosf ¿kdf a]kQf ePsf JolQmsf] ;DklQsf] :jfldTjsf] xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ pQm JolQm d[t 3f]if0ff

ul/g' gkg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ ;/sf/L lgb]{lzsfx¿ hf/L ul/g'kb{5 .

bL3{sfnLg pkfosf ¿kdf æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ P]g, @)##Æ, df æank"j{s a]kQf

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agfOPsf]Æ 36gfnfO{ b]jfgL kl/0ffd d[To' ;/x g} x'g]u/L æJolQmut 36gfÆ sf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ug{] nufot

;Da4 sfg"gx¿sf] k'g/fjnf]sg cfjZos 5 . o:tf] ;+zf]wgn] gft]bf/x¿nfO{ pQ/flwsf/Lsf ¿kdf

lrlgg ;Ifd agfpFb5 / ljz]ifu/L kLl8tsf kTgL÷5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ck"tfnL, lgj[lQe/0f, aGwsL, a}FlsË,

afnaRrfsf] ;+/IfsTj, ljjfxsf] lj36g, rn tyf crn ;DklQsf] sfof{Gjog Pj+ df]lxofgL xssf]

sfof{Gjog tyf k"0f{ lgoGq0fdf ;Ifd agfpFb5 .

#= lje]bnfO{ yk ;'b[9 x'g glbgsf nflu / oftgfkLl8t Pj+ of}ghGo tyf lnª\udf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf

kLl8tx¿nfO{ cfjZos ;xfotf pknAw u/fpgsf nflu cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t tof/L

e}/x]sf] dgf];fdflhs ;xfotf sfo{qmdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kb{5 / oftgfkLl8tx¿ Pj+ of}ghGo tyf

lnª\udf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf pQ/hLjLx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 . pknAw u/fOg] ;]jfx¿n] kLl8tx¿sf

lglZrt tTsfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 eGg] ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu

oftgfkLl8t dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿ tyf of}ghGo tyf lnª\udf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿;Fusf] uxg

k/fdz{df ;]jfx¿sf] oyfy{ of]hgf lgwf{/0f ul/g'kb{5 . To:tf ;]jfx¿df uf]kgLotfsf] ;+/If0f ub}{,

oyf;Dej lj:t[t ;xeflutf s;/L ;'lglZrt ug]{ eGg] :yflkt ug{sf nflu ;d]t kLl8t tyf cGo

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fusf] uxg 5nkmn cfjZos x'G5 .

lj:t[t kl/k"/0f;DaGwL l;kmfl;x¿

;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u :yfkgf ePsf] cj:yfdf yk lj:t[t kl/k"/0fsf nflu lbOPsf]

lgDglnlvt ;'emfjx¿n] kl/k"/0f l;kmfl/; ug]{ lglb{i6 e"ldsfsf af/]df ;';"lrt x'gdf ;xof]u ug]{5 .

tyflk /fxt sfo{qmdsf] ;'?jftsf nflu ;|f]tx¿sf] kl/rfng tyf ;fdYo{sf] ljsf;h:tf tof/L

r/0fx¿ cfjZos x'G5g\ / To;sf nflu ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u;Fu lge{/ /xg' kb}{g,

tTsfn ;'?jft ul/g'kb{5 . lj:t[t kl/k"/0fsf nflu k|fyldstfsf] ;r]t lgwf{/0f, cg'qmd lgwf{/0f tyf

nfex¿df nlIft /xFb} ul/g] k/fdz{ klg cfjZos x'G5 / To:tf k/fdz{x¿ tTsfn ;'? ug{ ;lsG5 .

oL s'/fx¿sf] ;dy{g / ;xof]ufy{ nflu ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o s]Gb|n] lgDglnlvt

l;kmfl/;x¿ ub{5 M

$= bL3{sfnLg kl/k"/0fsf pkfox¿n] åGål;lh{t xflg tyf pQ/hLjLx¿sf ;DalGwt cfjZostf tyf

cfsfª\Iffx¿sf] ljlzi6tfnfO{ kof{Kt ¿kdf ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] u/L kof{Kt lj:t[t 5 eGg] s'/f ;'lglZrt

ug{ kLl8tx¿;Fu k/fdz{x¿sf] cfof]hgf ug{] . cWoogsf lgisif{x¿n] kl/k"/0f åGåkLl8tx¿sf]

cfjZostf tyf cfsf+Iff;DaGwL ljZjJofkL wf/0ffdf cfwfl/t x'g ;Sb}gg\ eGg] s'/f k'li6 ub{5 .

a? To;sf] ;f6f] kl/k"/0fn] ljleGg ;DalGwt kIfx¿df cfwfl/t lgDglnlvt nufotsf xflg tyf

cfjZostfsf ljljw c;/x¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{kb{5 M

• zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf] k|sf/ jf ef]luPsf cGo pNnª\3gx¿ tyf To;af6 l;lh{t lglZrt xflgx¿

-pbfx/0fsf nflu, u}/sfg'gL xTofsf sf/0f sdfpg] JolQmsf gx'g', cfly{s jl~rtLs/0f,

;fdflhs lje]b, a]kQf agfOPsf sf/0f l;lh{t sfg'gL clglZrttf tyf dgf]j}1flgs cf3ft,

oftgfl;lh{t zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s rf]6 cflb_

• o:tf xflgx¿sf sf/0f pQ/hLjLx¿ tyf kLl8tx¿sf kl/jf/x¿df k/]sf] bL3{sfnLg c;/x¿

• anfTsf/÷of}ghGo tyf lnª\udf cfwfl/t lx+;f ;dfj]z ePsf] n}ª\lus b'Jo{jxf/ tyf

cfufdL xflgx¿ / cGo dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf n}ª\lus c;/ b'j};Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf

n}ª\lus leGgtf


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• hft, hfltotf, cfly{s x}l;ot tyf /fhgLlts cfa4tfaf6 k|efljt ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg]

JolQmut Ifdtf

kLl8tsf kl/k"/0f;DaGwL cfjZostf tyf ck]Iffx¿ / of] k|ltj]bgdf cl3 pNn]v ul/;lsPsf

r/x¿n] xflgsf k|s[lt tyf lj:tf/df kfg{] k|efj tyf tL r/x¿aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ cem lglZrt

¿kdf lgwf{/0f ug{ kLl8tx¿dfem /fli6«o ;j]{If0f jf k/fdz{ ug'{kb{5 . o:tf] ;j]{If0f jf k/fdz{ ;To

lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]usf] :yfkgf x'g'eGbf cufl8 ;'? ug{ ;lsG5 / o;sf lgisif{x¿nfO{

;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]usf kl/k"/0f jf cGo gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]usf nflu k|of]u ug{

;lsG5 . cfufdL kl/k"/0f sfo{qmdsf] /rgf / ;~rfngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu cGtl/d /fxt

sfo{qmdn] kLl8tx¿sf cfjZostfx¿nfO{ s'g xb;Dd ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;dLIff ug{]

Ps :jtGq d'Nofª\sg klg cfjZos x'G5 . To:tf] d'Nofª\sgsf] clGtd k|ltj]bg ;+ljwfg;efdf

k]z ug'{kb{5 / kLl8tx¿, bftfx¿ / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 .

%= nfex¿sf] cg'qmd tyf k|To]s cg'qmd tyf nfesf] k|sf/cGtu{t ;]jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ k|fyldstf k|bfg

ug{sf nflu dfkb08sf] :yfkgf ug{] . lj:t[t kl/k"/0fn] klxNo} ;Lldt /x]sf ;|f]tx¿nfO{ kSs} klg

yk ;ª\s'lrt agfpg]5 . To;n] cg'qmd lgwf{/0f cfjZos agfpF5 / To;cGtu{t cTofjZos

cfjZostfx¿ -dfly plNnlvt_sf] k|fydLsLs/0f afx]s yk lj:t[t kl/k"/0fsf] k|fyldstf klxrfg,

/ /fHon] s'g} lglZrt cjlw -pbfx/0fsf nflu !) jif{_ df lglZrt sfo{qmdx¿ nfu" ug]{ hgfpFb}

;f]sf] nflu ax'jifL{o ah]6sf] k|lta4tf ;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o; cg';Gwfgdf pQ/bftfx¿n] klxrfg

u/]sf cfjZostf Pj+ cfsf+Iffx¿sf cfwf/df k|fyldstfcGtu{t lgDglnlvt Joj:yfx¿ ;dfj]z

x'g'kb{5 M

• /f]huf/L÷hLjgofkg ;xfotfM ;xefuLx¿n] cTofjZos cfly{s sl7gfOx¿sf] lgjf/0fsf

nflu tTsfnLg ;xfotf ;dfj]z ePsf ef}lts cfjZostfx¿ tyf bL3{sfnLg cfly{s

:jtGqtf Pj+ ;'/Iffsf] cfsfª\Iff ;dfj]z bL3{sfnLg sfo{qmdx¿ Joj;flos tflnd tyf

/f]huf/L nufot_ klxrfg u/] . k|:yfg laGb'sf ¿kdf ;/sf/n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf]

/f]huf/ tyf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf] d'Nofª\sg u/L To;n] ;xefuLx¿sf] bLuf] /f]huf/L jf

:jf]/f]huf/Ldf s'g xb;Ddsf] kl/0ffd b]vfPsf] 5 eGg] nufot sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/Ltf

hfFRg'kb{5 . ;]jfu|fxLx¿sf] wf/0ffnfO{ sfo{qmdsf] d'Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/ agfOg' kb{5 / pgLx¿

Tfyf cGo kLl8tx¿;Fu -cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 jl~rtx¿_ bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf cfly{s

;'/Iff k|bfg ug]{ lsl;dsf] /f]huf/L cyjf hLjgofkgdf ;xfotf vf]Hgsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{

k|lzIf0f tyf k|fljlws, cfly{s Pj+ cGo ;xfotf;DaGwL lglZrt cfjZostfx¿sf af/]df

k/fdz{ ul/g'kb{5 .

• lzIff M dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf kLl8tx¿sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] lzIffsf nflu pknAw

u/fOPsf] ;xof]u ;a} pQ/hLjL afnaflnsf tyf lx+;fsf sf/0f ljBfno lzIff /f]lsPsf cGo

;a}nfO{, pgLx¿sf] xfnsf] pd]/ hlt;'s} ePtfklg, pknAw u/fOg'k5{ . o:tf] ;xfotfcGtu{t

ljBfno z'Ns÷6\o'zgÙ ljBfnosf ;fdu|L tyf kf]zfsÙ k/LIff z'Ns tyf ljBfnon] lng]

cGo z'Nsx¿ / cfjZos cj:yfdf ljBfyL{ cfjf;, vfgf tyf oftfoft z'Ns ;dfj]z

x'g'kb{5 . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ sfddf nufpgsf nflu ljBfnoaf6 lgsfNgaf6 cleefjsx¿nfO{

b'?T;fxg ug{ ;]jfu|fxL cleefjx¿sf nflu Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fOFbf ljBfno hfg] pd]/sf

;a} afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k|fylds cyjf dfWolds ljBfnodf egf{ ug'{kg]{ zt{ to ul/g'kb{5 .

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7"nf afnaflnsf Jff jo:s o'jfx¿nfO{ ;xfotf ug{sf nflu yk lzIff lng rfxg]x¿sf

nflu ljZjljBfno jf SofDk;x¿df 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fpg ;lsG5 . ljBfno hfg]

pd]/ ;lsPsf JolQmx¿sf nflu jo:s lzIff jf cGo Joj;flos k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx¿

cfjZostfcg'¿k nfu" ul/g'kb{5 .

• :jf:Yo ;]jf M dfgjclwsf/ xgg\ jf åGå;Fu ;DalGwt cGo lx+;fx¿sf sf/0f zf/Ll/s jf

dfgl;s /f]ux¿af6 u|l;t kLl8tk|lt nlIft :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;]jfx¿df cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf

;dfj]z u/L ;a} åGåkLl8tx¿ tyf pgLx¿sf kl/jf/x¿nfO{, ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo ;~hfndfkm{t

pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 . To;/L ;]jf pknAw u/fpFbf afnaflnsf, dlxnf, k|f}9 tyf sdhf]/

agfpg] rf]6 tyf /f]u ePsfx¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg'kb{5 . bL3{sfnLg ljz]if1 pkrf/ cfjZos

kg]{x¿ / To;df klg ljz]ifu/L oftgf, anfTsf/ tyf cGo k|sf/sf of}ghGo tyf lnª\udf

cfwfl/t lx+;fsf pQ/hLjLx¿nfO{ To:tf] ;]jf pknAw u/fOg'kb{5 .

dgf];fdflhs ;xfotf sfo{qmdcGtu{t of]hgf agfpFbf efjgfTds ;xfotf k|bfg ug{ tyf

;d'bfodf dfgjclwsf/sf] xgg\af6 x'g] xflgx¿sf af/]df Jofks hgr]tgf hufpgsf nflu

;fd'bflos sfo{qmdx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . :jf:Yo k|j4{g Pj+ :jf:Yo;]jf ;~hfn

;+/rgfsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;'wf/ ug]{ lzIff tyf afXo kx'Fr sfo{qmdx¿n] klg kLl8t tyf j[xQ/

;dfhnfO{ ljz]if nfe k|bfg ug{ ;Sb5 . of}ghGo lx+;faf6 kLl8t dlxnfx¿lj?4 JofKt

k"jf{u|x ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu ljz]if ;fj{hlgs lzIff sfo{qmdx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

^= clwsf/ pNnª\3g ePsf gful/ssf] ¿kdf ;]jfu|fxLx¿sf] cj:yf :jLsf/ ug]{ tyf pgLx¿sf] k|fylds

cef}lts cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ pkfox¿;Fu ef}lts ;'ljwfx¿nfO{ ;+of]hg ug]{ . ef}lts /

cef}lts cfjZostfx¿aLrsf] ;DaGw cWoogsf lgisif{x¿n] :ki6;Fu :yflkt u/]sf] 5, h;cg';f/

kLl8tx¿sf] Gofk|ltsf] ck]Iff ;Daf]wg ug{ b'j}} lsl;dsf cfjZostfx¿sf] ;+of]hg h?/L x'G5 .

jf:tjdf kl/k"/0fn] s'g dfqfdf ef}lts Pj+ cef}lts b'j} cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg u5{ eGg] s'/f

g} cGttM dxŒjk"0f{ k|dfl0ft x'g;S5, pbfx/0fsf nflu Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd . ;xefuLx¿n] ljleGg

ljlwx¿sf] klxrfg u/]sf lyP], h;dWo] s]xL pkfox¿ kl/k"/0f sfo{qmdsf] Ps kf6f] aGg'kb{5 eg]

cGonfO{ ;dfgfGt/ ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo k|s[ofsf ¿kdf lnOg'kb{5 .

• ;fj{hlgs dfGotf jf :jLsf/f]lQmnfO{ w]/} pQ/bftfx¿n] tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf ¿kdf klxrfg

u/]sf lyP / ljz]if¿kdf d[ts tyf a]kQfsf k'?if cfkmGtx¿n] bL3{sfnLg cfjZostf

cGtu{t pRrtd k|fyldstfsf ¿kdf lnPsf lyP . ;xefuLx¿n] ;fj{hlgs dfGotf jf

:jLsf/f]lQmsf] :j¿k s:tf] x'g'k5{ eGg] af/]df 7f]; ;'emfjx¿ lbPsf lyP . t/ :d/0f k|of;x¿

;dfj]zL /x]sf] tyf To;n] /fhgLlts jf ;fdflhs ljefhg ;'b[9 ug]{ jf l;h{gf ug]{5}g eGg]

;'lglZrt ug{]tkm{ Wofg lbFb}, s'g} lglZrt, :yfgLo ;fª\s]lts pkfo lgwf/{0f u/L ;xdt x'g

kLl8tx¿ / pgLx¿ a:g] ;d'bfo;Fu yk lj:t[t k/fdz{ cfjZos x'G5 .

efjL kl/k"/0f gLltx¿df ;Dk"0f{ dfgjclwsf/ kLl8tx¿sf] jflif{s :d/0ff]T;j Jff cflwsf/Ls

Ifdfofrgf h:tf ;fdfGo wf/0ffx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 . kl/rokqn] ;'ljwfx¿df kx'Fr

k'¥ofpg ;xof]u ug]{ Jojxfl/s p2]Zo k'/f ug'{sf ;fy;fy} kLl8tx¿nfO{ pknAw u/fOPsf]

;]jfnfO{ leIff jf bfg geO pkrf/ / kl/k"/0f kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;Daf]wgsf ¿kdf klxrfg ub}{

kLl8tx¿sf nflu cflwsfl/s :jLsf/f]lQmsf] Ps :j¿ksf] k|ltlglwTj klg ug{ ;S5 . t/,

ltgLx¿n] of] p2]Zo ta dfq k'/f ug{ ;Sb5g\ ha ltgLx¿nfO{ /fhgLlts ¿kdf t6:y dflgG5


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/ kf/bzL{ Pj+ j:t'lgi7 dfkb08sf cfwf/df ljt/0f ul/G5 . åGåsf qmddf dfgjclwsf/

tyf dfgjLo sfg'gsf] pNnª\3gdf k|ToIf¿kdf ;+nUg /fHo, /fhgLlts bn tyf ;/sf/L

lgsfox¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{x¿n] To:tf pNnª\3gx¿sf nflu cf}krfl/s Ifdfofrgf ug]{tk{m

Wofg lbg'kb{5 / /fHosf] tkm{af6 tyf ;+:yfut pQ/bfloTj :jLsf/ ug'{kb{5 .

• To;}u/L ;Tosf] vf]hLnfO{ tTsfnLg cfjZostf Pj+ bL3{sfnLg cfsfª\Iff b'j}sf ¿kdf

klxrfg ul/Psf] lyof] . Ps ljZj;gLo tyf :jtGq ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u

Pj+ a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf] 5fglag cfof]un] w]/} tl/sfdfk{mt of] dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 .

tyflk ;Tosf] vf]hLsf s]xL tTjx¿ :jtGq¿kdf / ;Dejt pQm lgsfox¿ :yflkt ePkZrft

ltgLx¿n] ug]{ sfo{df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] u/L cuf8L a9\g ;Sb5g\ . ljz]iftM ;/sf/n] kl/jf/

x¿af6 d[To'k"j{sf hfgsf/Lx¿ ;ª\sng ug{, uf8]sf 7fpFx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ Pj+ pQm :yfgsf]

;+/If0f ug{ tyf zj pTvgg\ ug{sf nflu ljlwlj1fg lj1x¿n] g]t[Tj ug]{ Ps ljlzli6s[t

lgsfo jf vf]hL ;d"x :yfkgf u/L a]kQfx¿sf cj:yf / 7]ufgfaf/] :ki6 kfg{sf nflu tTsfn

sfo{ ug'{kb{5 .

• cleof]hg /0fgLlt th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug]{ . w]/} ;xefuLx¿n]

kL8sx¿nfO{ sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ OR5f JoQm u/] . cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gcGtu{tsf uDeL/ ck/fwx¿dfly

cg';Gwfg ug]{ / cleof]hg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L /fHodf lglxt x'G5 h;n] ;';ª\ut tyf k|efjsf/L

cleof]hg /0fgLltx¿ nfu" ug{sf nflu ljZj;gLo dfkb08sf] ljsf; ug'{sf ;fy} ;|f]tx¿

Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . To:tf] gLlt gag];Dd kmf}hbf/L d'2f rnfpg rfxg] JolQmx¿nfO{ d'2f

rnfpgsf nflu sfg'gL ;xfotf pknAw u/fOg'kb{5 . Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo k|sf/sf /fxt jf

kl/k"/0f k|fKt ug{sf nflu To:tf] bflj 5f]8\g'kg]{ zt{ s'g} klg cj:yfdf /flvg' x'Fb}g .

&= åGåsf] d"n sf/0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu kl/k"/0fsf] ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ a9fpg] . o; cWoogn] w]/}

kLl8t tyf pQ/hLjLx¿n] kl/k"/0fsf] ¿kdf Gofodf kx'Fr /fhgLlts zlQm / s]xL xb;Dd g]kfnL

;dfhsf] n}ª\lus Pj+ hflto >]0fLqmddf ePsf] pgLx¿sf] x}l;otdf lge{/ /x]sf] egL 7fGg] u/]sf]

kfof] . kl/k"/0f;DaGwL gLltx¿df åGåk"j{ sfod /x]sf] c;dfgtfsf] :j¿k / ;/+rgfut ul/aLnfO{

;'b[9 aGgaf6 /f]Sg] / ;Dej eP;Dd åGåsf sf/0fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] :ki6 p2]Zo

x'g'kb{5 . 7f]; ¿kdf oL gLltx¿n] /fHosf ;]jfx¿df kLl8tx¿÷kl/jf/x¿sf] klg a9L ljz]ifflwsf/

kfPsf gful/sx¿n] pkef]u u/] -cyjf gLlh cfk"lt{stf{x¿af6 ;]jfx¿ lng ;s]_ h;}u/L ;dfg

kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrt ug{df ;xfotf ug]{5g\ . ;fy}, oL gLltx¿n] cfwf/e"t ;]jfx¿df tNnf] hftsf

j[xQ/ hg;ª\Vof jf cGo ;'ljwfxLg ;d"xx¿sf] kx'Fr pknAw u/fO{ ;Defljt tgfjx¿ sd ug{df

d2t ug{ ;Sb5g\ . o;sf nflu sfo{qmd th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf qmddf ljBdfg c;dfgtf tyf

ul/aLsf] 9fFrf nufot lgDglnlvt kIfx¿sf af/]df Wofg lbg'k5{ M

• dfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf] hf]lvd l;h{gf ug]{ lglZrt cj:yfx¿ h;nfO{ olb k|efjsf/L ¿kdf

;Daf]wg ul/Pdf e]befj tyf ;LdfGtLs/0f Go"lgs/0f ug{df of]ubfg k'Ug ;Sb5 .

• åGål;lh{t xflgsf ;fdflhs cfly{s c;/x¿, h'g cfkm}+df dfgjclwsf/sf] pNnª\3g x'g

;Sb5 .

• ;xfotfpk/sf] kxF'rdf dlxnfx¿, lgDg hft jf hflto ;d"xsf JolQmx¿ jf lgDg ;fdflhs

cfly{s x}l;ot ePsfx¿n] ef]u]sf cj/f]wx¿ .

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• dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf hf]lvd / j[xt a]kmfObfx¿ sd ug{] tyf ;fdflhs ljefhgsf

hf]lvdx¿sf] Go"gLs/0f ug{] cj;/x¿sf] a9f]Q/L ug]{ dfWodsf ¿kdf lk8Ltx¿sf nflu

Ifltk"lt{, lzIff, /f]huf/L, lrlsT;sLo ;]jf tyf cGo kl/k"/0fLo pkfox¿ / j[xt ;d'bfonfO{

nfeflGjt ug{] p2]Zo;lxtsf] j[xQ/ ;fdflhs cfly{s /0fgLltaLrsf] ;DaGw .

*= cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 l;s]sf kf7x¿ tyf kLl8tx¿;Fusf] yk k/fdz{sf] cfwf/df, ;'ljwfsf

nflu cfj]bg lbg] / ;'ljwfx¿ k|fKt ug]{ sfo{ljlw th'{df ubf{ kl/k"/0f -tTsfnLg jf bL3{sfnLg_df

h'g;'s} lnª\u, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs x}l;ot jf ef}uf]lns cjl:yltsf ;a} kLl8tx¿sf] ;xh kx'Fr

;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 .


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kl/lzi6 c M cg';Gwfgdf ;xefuLx¿sf] ljj/0f

åGåkLl8tx¿

o; cg';Gwfgdf hDdf $!) hgf kLl8tx¿ ;xefuL ePsf lyP . logdf cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfe

lnPsfx¿ @&$ hgf -!@$ hgf k'?if / !%) hgf dlxnf_, !!$ hgf oftgfkLl8t k'?ifx¿, / @@ hgf

dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿ -;'?df $) hgf nIf ul/Psf]df_ lyP . cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt

!@$ hgf k'?ifx¿df, &#Ü /fHosf k|ltlglwx¿ -k'ln;, ;]gf, jf /fHoåf/f ;dly{t lehnfGt]x¿_ åf/f

kLl8t æ/fHo kLl8tÆ lyP eg] @&Ü dfcf]jfbL ;]gf jf anx¿af6 kLl8t ædfcf]jfbL kLl8tÆ lyP .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnfx¿df eg] *)Ü /fHo kLl8t / @)Ü dfcf]jfbL kLl8t

lyPÙ k'?if oftfkLl8tx¿df &)Ü /fHo kLl8tx¿ / #) k|ltzt dfcf]jfbL kLl8tx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . dlxnf

oftgfkLl8tx¿df &#Ü /fHokLl8tx¿ 5g\ eg] !#=%Ü dfcf]jfbL kLl8t 5g\ . afFsL kLl8tx¿n]

pgLx¿sf kL8sx¿nfO{ klxrfg ug{ ;s]sf lyPgg\ .

tNnf] hftLo ;d"x -blntx¿_ / hghflt ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{ klg ;'lglZrt ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf]

lyof], oBlk blntx¿sf] xsdf of] k"0f{¿kdf pknAwL xfFl;n ug{ ;lsPsf] lyPg . cGtl/d /fxt

sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt ;d"xsf kLl8tx¿df -dlxnf / k'?if_ em08} ( k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿ blntx¿ lyP

/ #$ k|ltzt hghflt ;d'bfosf lyP . k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] ;d"xdf, *=& k|ltzt blntx¿ lyP

/ #! k|ltzt hghflt ;d'bfosf lyP . dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] ;d"xdf @@ k|ltzt blntx¿ / %)

k|ltzt hghflt ;'dbfosf lyP .

tflnsf &M åGåkLl8t ;xefuLx¿sf] n}ª\lus ljefhg

;xefuLx¿sf] k|sf/ syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn

nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog

lj:t[tcGtjf{tf{

hDdf

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjtM k'?if &* $^ - !@$cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjtM dlxnf *) &) - !%)oftgfkLl8tx¿ M k'?if ^* $^ !!$oftgfkLl8tx¿M dlxnf - - @@ @@hDdf ;xefuL ;ª\Vof $!)

tflnsf *M cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf / k'?if ;xefuLx¿sf] ;fdflhshg;fª\VoLsLo ljj/0f

ljz]iftfx¿

syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogcGtl/d

/fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt k'?ifx¿

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6

nfeflGjt dlxnfx¿

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt k'?ifx¿

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6

nfeflGjt dlxnfx¿;ª\Vof Ü ;ª\Vof Ü ;ª\Vof Ü ;ª\Vof Ü

pd]/!( jif{ ;DDf # #=* - - ! @=@ ! !=$@)–@( !& @!=* ( !!=# ( !(=^ & !)=)#)–#( !! !$=! #@ $)=) !$ #)=$ @^ #&=!$) + $& ^)=# #( $*=* @@ $&=* #^ %!=$;a} pd]/ &* !))=) *) !))=) $^ !))=) &) !))=)

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dWos pd]/ $%=) #*=% #*=) $)=)lzIffclzlIft / cgf}krfl/s lzIff

^ ^=^ %* &@=% !# @*=@ $* ^*=^

k|fylds @$ #)=* !! !#=* ^ !#=) & !)=)dfWolds #^ $^=@ ^ &=% !* #(=! !$ @)=)pRr lzIff !@ !%=$ % ^=# ( !(=^ ! !=$j}jflxs cj:yfcljjflxt * !)=# # #=* @ $=# @ @=(ljjflxt &) *(=& % ^=# #% &^=! #@ $%=&ljwjf/ljb'/ - - %( &#=* ! @=@ @* $)=)gv'nfOPsf] - - !# !^=# * !&=$ * !!=$afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;ª\Vof5}Gf !! !$=! $ %=) $ *=& $ %=&! * !)=# !$ !&=% # ^=% * !!=$@ @@ @*=@ !& @!=# ^ !#=) !^ @@=(# !^ @)=% !* @@=% !# @*=# !* @%=&#+ @! @^=( @& ##=* !@ @^=! !^ @@=(gv'nfOPsf] - - - - * !&=$ * !!=$cf};t afnaflnsf #=) @=( #=# @=(k]zfs[lif %% &)=% #( $*=* #@ ^(=^ #( %%=&hflu/] # #=* @ @=% # ^=% % &=!Joj;fo ^ &=& % ^=# @ $=# ^ *=^>d # #=* ^ &=% # ^=% $ %=&u[lx0fL - - @& ##=* - - !% @!=$ljBfyL{ ( !!=% ! !=# # ^=% ! !=$a]/f]huf/ - - - - ! @=@ - -j[4 pd]/ - - - - ! @=@ - -czQm - - - - - - - -cGo @ @=^ - - ! @=@ - -hft/hghflta|fXd0f/If]qL @* #%=( @( #^=# !! @#=( @( $!=$hghfltx¿ @! @^=( @# @*=* @# %)=) @& #*=^t/fO{ d'n @) @%=^ @$ #)=) $ *=& & !)=)blntx¿ * !)=# @ @=% & !%=@ & !)=)cGo ! !=# @ @=% ! @=@ - -

tflnsf (M k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0f

ljz]iftfx¿syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog

;ª\Vof Ü ;ª\Vof Üpd]/!( jif{ ;Dd - - - -@)-@( ^ *=* ! @=@

tflnsf *, qmdzM


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#)-#( !^ @#=% !! @#=($) + $^ ^&=^ #$ &#=(;a} pd]/ ^* !))=) $^ !))=)dWos pd]/ $@=) $*=%lzIffclzlIft/cgf}krfl/s lzIff % &=$ ^ !#=)k|fylds @% #^=* ^ !#=)dfWolds @@ #@=$ @$ %@=@pRr lzIff !^ @#=% !) @!=&j}jflxs cj:yfcljjflxt @ @=( @ $=#ljjflxt %% *)=( $$ (%=&ljwjf/ljb'/ - - - -gv'nfOPsf] !! !^=@ - -afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;ª\Vof5}Gf @ @=( # ^=%! ! !=% ! @=@@ !@ !&=^ ( !(=^# ( !#=@ !! @#=(#+ ## $*=% @@ $&=*gv'nfOPsf] !! !^=@ - -cf}ift afnaflnsf #=( #=(k]zfs[lif $$ ^$=& @* ^)=(hflu/] ( !#=@ !) @!=&Joj;fo $ %=( # ^=%>d @ @=( - -czQm - - ! @=@cGo ( !#=@ $ *=&hft/hghfltafx'g/If]qL @% #^=* @$ %@=@hghfltx¿ @! #)=( !$ #)=$t/fO{ d'n !$ @)=^ $ *=&blntx¿ ^ *=* $ *=&cGo @ @=( - -

tflnsf !)M dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] ;fdflhs hg;fª\VoLsLo ljj/0f

ID pd]/ lzIffhft

/ hghfltj}jflxs cj:yf

afnaflnsfsf] ;ª\Vof

k]zf lhNnf

! @% sIff $/Kf|fylds tx blnt ljjflxt ! u[lx0fL afun'ª@ $) sIff $/Kf|fylds tx If]qL >Ldfg\ a]kQf # s[lif afun'ª# @& sIff (/DffWolds tx du/ ljjflxt ! u[lx0fL /f]Nkf

tflnsf (, qmdzM

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$ %) lg/If/ If]qL ljjflxt * u[lx0fL slknj:t'% #) lg/If/ yf? ljjflxt @ s[lif sGrgk'/^ @& lg/If/ yf? ljjflxt @ s[lif sGrgk'/& #* cgf}krfl/s lzIff yf? ljjflxt # s[lif sGrgk'/* $) lg/If/ yf? ljjflxt ^ s[lif sGrgk'/( #& lg/If/ yf? ljjflxt # s[lif sGrgk'/!) $) lg/If/ yf? ljjflxt @ s[lif sGrgk'/

!!#@ lg/If/ yf? ljwjf # b}lgs

Hofnfbf/L >lds

alb{of

!@ #% lg/If/ yf? ljjflxt @ km'6kfy] Jofkf/L

alb{of

!# $% cgf}krfl/s lzIff yf? ljjflxt # ;fgf] k;n]

alb{of

!$ $* ;fIf/ afx'g ljjflxt # u[lx0fL pbok'/

!% #) lg/If/ bg'jf/ ljjflxt @ s[lif pbok'/

!^#( cgf}krfl/s lzIff afx'g ljjflxt $ s[lif pbok'/

!& @* sIff (/DffWolds tx If]qL ljjflxt @ l;nfOa'gfO pbok'/!* &) lg/If/ t/fO{{

blntljjflxt # t/sf/L

k;n Joj;fo

l;/fxf

!( @) lg/If/ t/fO{{ blnt

ljjflxt $ u[lx0fL l;/fxf

@) @^ lg/If/ t/fO{{ blnt

ljjflxt @ u[lx0fL l;/fxf

@! %@ lg/If/ t/fO{{ blnt

ljwjf # b}lgs Hofnfbf/L >lds

l;/fxf

@@ @% sIff %/Kf|fylds tx t]nL ;fx ljjflxt ! u[lx0fL l;/fxf

:yfgLo ;/sf/L / u};; ;fe]mbf/x¿

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ jf kLl8tx¿nfO{ cGo ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;+nUg ePsf hDdf %%

lhNnf:t/Lo ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . logdf :yfgLo ;/sf/L

clwsf/Lx¿, :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf k|ltlglwx¿, / s]xL 5flgPsf u}/;/sf/L ;Ë7gx¿ kb{5g\ .

tflnsf !!M

pQ/bftfx¿sf] k|sf/:yfgLo ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ @@:yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ !$u};; k|ltlglwx¿ !(hDdf %%

tflnsf !), qmdzM


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kl/lzi6 cf M cg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿ / ljlwcg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿

cg';Gwfgdf rf/ j6f u'0ffTds cg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿ k|of]u ul/Psf lyP M

!_ lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{x¿ -cfOl8cfO_ . lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{x¿ dlxnf oftgfkLl8tx¿;Fu ul/Psf] lyof] . of] cg';GwfgdfpgLx¿sf] ;xh / uf]kgLo ;xefuLtfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ a]Un} / pgLx¿nfO{ ldNg] lx;fan] agfOPsf] ljlwsf]th'{df ul/Psf] lyof] . lsgeg] of] p2]Zo lgoldt syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn jf nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogsfcEof;x¿n] k|fKt x'g] lyPgg\ -x]g'{xf];\ tn_ . lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{x¿ dlxnf cGtjf{tf{sf/x¿åf/f ul/Psf] lyof] . of]cg';Gwfg ;fdu|LnfO{ kl/0ffdx¿ bfFHg ;lsof];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;s];Dd cGo cWoog ;d"xx¿;Fu ldNg] agfOPsf] lyof] .

@_ cw{;+/lrt cGtjf{tf{x¿ -P;P;cfO_ . lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;fe]mbf/x¿ nufot dfgjclwsf//Ifsx¿ / jlsnx¿;Fu Ps Ps u/L åGå, o;sf] k|efj, cGtl/d /fxt / clwsf/ tyf Gofo / cGo ;]jfx¿dfkxF'rsf] ;Gbe{df åGåkLl8tx¿n] ;fdgf u/]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] af/]df v'nf k|Zgx¿ k|of]u u/]/ cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf] lyof] .

#_ nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog -PkmOP;_ . nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog pQ/bftfx¿sf] ?rL / k|fyldstfnfO{Jojl:yt 9Ëdf dfkg ug{] Pp6f b|'t d'NofÍg sfo{ljlw xf] . of] cWoogdf b'O{j6f Ps cfk;df ;DalGwtnlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog ;fwgx¿nfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] M :jtGq ;"rLs/0f -af/Daf/tf :yfkgf ug{_, /bhf{ lgwf{/0f÷>]0fLs/0f -k|fyldstf :yfkgf ug{_ . :jtGq ;"rLs/0f cEof;af6 Pp6f lglZrt ljifo ljleGgljifox¿sf] ;"rLdf s'g :yfgdf b]vf k¥of] eGg] cfwf/df sd jf a9L æk|wfgÆ -h;sf] cy{ x'G5, a9L dxŒjsf]_ ePsf] lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] 5 . nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog ;qx¿ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt k'?if tyfdlxnfx¿ / k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿;Fu lnOPsf] lyof] . pQ/bftfx¿n] nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog jf syfgs nlIft;d"x 5nkmndWo] Pp6fdf dfq} efu lnPsf lyP .

$_ syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn -PgPkmlhl8_ . syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnx¿ Pp6f sfNklgs syfdf cfwfl/tlyP . ljifoj:t' / ;Gbe{x¿sf] kl/ro lbgsf nflu syfx¿sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] h;sf] cfwf/df y'k|} cg'jtL{k|Zgx¿ ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . syfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] t]>f] kIfsf] ;Gbe{df cfˆgf ljrf/ tyf wf/0ff /fVg] / ToxL a]nfcfˆg} lgHfL cg'ej tyf b[li6sf]0f klg eGg] cj;/ k|bfg ub}{ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;+j]bgzLn ljifox¿df ;xefuL u/fpg / 5nkmn ug{sf nflu pTk|]l/t ug{ of] ljlw k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnx¿ cGtl/d /fxtsfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt k'?if tyf dlxnfx¿ / k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿;Fu k|To]ssf nflu km/s km/s syfx¿sf] k|of]uu/]/ ul/Psf] lyof] . -syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnx¿df k|of]u ePsf k'/f syfx¿ tn x]g'{xf];\ . _

tof/L tflnd / cg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿;DaGwL dfu{lgb{]zg

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o s]Gb| -cfOl;l6h]_ / jftjf/0f :jf:Yo / hg;ª\Vof ultljlwx¿;DaGwLcg';Gwfg s]Gb| -s[kf_åf/f s[kfsf] sfof{nodf @)&) ;fn j}zfv ^ b]lv !! ut];Dd ;+o'Qm tflnd sfo{zfnfsf]cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . tflndn] cg';Gwfg ljlw / ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf cjwf/0ff;DaGwL k|fljlwsljz]if1tf k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . of] tflnddf !) lhNnfsf !! åGåKfLl8t ;xhstf{x¿ / s[kfsf !* hgfcg';Gwfgstf{x¿ ;xefuL lyP .

cWoogsf] p2]Zosf af/]df atfpg, kl/k"/0f;DaGwL cjwf/0fx¿sf af/]df cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L u/fpg tyf s[kfsf cg';Gwfgstf{x¿nfO{ oL ljifodf hfgsf/ u/fpg, cg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿sf] kl/ro u/fpg tyf pQm ;fwgx¿sf af/]df tflnd u/fpg / cg';Gwfgstf{x¿ / åGåkLl8t ;xhstf{x¿sf] ;Nnfx / ;'emfjsf] cfwf/df cg';Gwfgsf]9fFrfnfO{ yk r':t agfpg / sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu pQm tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . of] tflndsf] csf{]yk / dxŒjk"0f{ p2]Zo eg]sf] åGåkLl8t ;xhstf{x¿, h;n] kLl8tsf oyfy{x¿sf] cg'ejsf] af/]df atfP, /cg';Gwfgstf{x¿aLr kf/:kl/s ljZjf; / ;dembf/Lsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] tfls cg';Gwfgstf{x¿ of] ;+j]bgzLn /hl6n ljifodf cg';Gwfg ug]{ bf}/fgdf x'g] r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ /fd|/L a'‰g / dgg ug{ ;s'g\ . of] tflnddf sf7df8f}+df/x]sf kLl8t ;d'bfosf :j]R5fsdL{x¿ dfemdf dfu{lgb{]zs cEof;x¿ klg ul/Psf] lyof] . oL cEof;x¿df

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cfwfl/t eP/ klxnf] lhNnf sfe|]df @)&) ;fn c;f/ @^ b]lv >fj0f ! ut];Dd ul/Psf] sfof{Gjogsf cfwf/dfcg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿nfO{ yk kl/is[t ul/Psf] lyof] .

of] ;'?jftL tflndnfO{ cfOl;l6h] Go'of]s{sf ljz]if1x¿;Fu @)&) ;fn c;f/ @$ b]lv @^ ;DDf ul/Psf] tLg lbg] cGt{lqmofn] k'/f u/]sf]] lyof] . cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f dGqfnosf] /fxt tyf k'g:yf{kgf OsfOsfk|ltlglwsf] ;xefuLtfaf6 klg nfe lnPsf lyP, h;n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdsf af/]df ;ª\lIfKt hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP .

cg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿nfO{ k"j{k/LIf0f ul/Psf] lyof] / sfo{If]qdf k|of]u ug'{k"j{ kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] lyof] . clGtdcg'';Gwfg ;fwgx¿nfO{ g]kfnL / d}lynL efiffdf cg'jfb ul/Psf] lyof] . o;s cltl/Qm cg';Gwfstf{x¿sf];xhtfsf nflu cg';Gwfg ;fwgx¿df k|of]u ul/Psf d'Vo zAbfjnLx¿sf] sfo{ut kl/efiff;DaGwL Pp6f ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ljsf; ul/Psf] lyof] .

syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf syfx¿

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt dlxnfx¿sf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] syf

Effu ! — åGå;Fu ;DalGwt xflg

dfOnL ul/a / b'u{d ufpFsL #) jif{sL dlxnf x'g\ . pgL cfˆgf ;–;fgf rf/ hgf 5f]/f5f]/L / ;f;' ;;'/f;Fu;+o'Qm kl/jf/df al:5g\ . @)^) ;fndf Ps lbg aflx/ uPsf pgsf >Ldfg\\ 3/df kmls{Pgg\ . dfOnL]n]pgsf] >Ldfg\\sf] vf]hL u/L g} /lxg\ . l5d]sLx¿n] To; lbg dfcf]jfbL / g]kfnL ;]gf b'j} Tof] If]qdf ePsf]s'/f ;'gfPsf lyP . cfˆgf] >Ldfg\\sf] vf]hL ug{ dfOnL ! jif{ ;Dd dlxgf}F lkR5] k|x/L, ;]gf, l;l8cf] nufot;a}lt/ wfO/lxg\ . t/ pgnfO{ s;}n] klg s]xL atfpg ;s]gg\ . em08} !) jif{ kl5, dfOnLsf afnaRrfx¿sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ lsgeg] dfOnL;Fu cfkm\gf aRrfx¿nfO{ k9fpg] k};f 5}g . pgL la/fdL l5g\ t/ 8fS6/nfO{hFrfpg hfg] pgsf] Ifdtf 5}g . pgn] afnaRrfx¿nfO{ v'jfpg–lkofpg cfkm";Fu ePsf ufO{j:t' tyfu/uxgf ;d]t a]lr;lsg\ / clxn] pgL Pp6f OF6f e§fdf sfd ul5{g\ . pgsf ;f;' ;;'/fn] pgnfO{ cz'eePsf] cf/f]k nufpF5g\ . x/]s k6s OF§f sf/vfgfdf sfd ug{ hfFbf ;Fu} sfd ug]{ k'?if ;fyLx¿af6 pgLb'Jo{jxf/sf] lzsf/ x'lG5g\ . l5d]sLx¿n] klg pgnfO{ ljw'jfsf] e]if wf/0f ug'{ egL ckdfg ug]{ / bjfjlbg] u5{g\ . t/ pgL xfn;Dd klg cfˆgf] >Ldfg\\ lhpFb} /x]sf] s'/fdf ljZjf; ul5{g\ / l;+b'/ / /ftf] l6sfnufpFl5g\ . pgL >Ldfg\\sf] va/ ;'GgnfO{ klv{a;]sL l5g\ .

Effu @ — cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd

g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^% ;fndf åGåkLl8tx¿sf nflu /fxt k|bfg ug]{ of]hgfsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . ;'?df tdfOnL v';L eOg\ t/ kl5 pgn] a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf >LdtLx¿n] t ljw'jf dlxnfx¿n] eGbf w]/}sd /sd k|fKt ug]{ s'/f yfx kfPkl5 pgL b'MvL eOg\ . To; dfly klg pgn] t cfˆgf] >Ldfg\\ kLl8t lyPeGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/fpg' k/]sf] lyof] . w]/} b'ljwfo'Qm sfuhL sfd sf/afxL / ufpFaf6 lhNnf ;b/d'sfdhfg] cfpg] dxFuf] ofqf / slt k6s lagf s'g} sfd kmls{g' kg]{ sf/0fn] pgnfO{ cfˆgf] >Ldfg\ kLl8t ePsf]k|dfl0ft ug{ w]/} nfdf] ;do nfUof] . slxn]sfxLF t k'?ifx¿sf] k|ltlqmofn] pgn] cK7\of/f] klg dx;'; u/Lg\ .l;l8cf] / l5d]sLx¿n] pgnfO{ >Ldfg\\ d/]sf] 3f]if0ff u/L sfhlqmof ug{ / law'jfn] kfpg] k'/f /sd lngbjfa lbP . cGTodf cˆ7\of/f] dfGb} dfOnLn] ;a}n] eg]em+} ul/g\ / law'jfn] kfpg] a/fa/sf] /sd lnOg\ .o;df pgnfO{ Pp6f /fhgLlts kf6L{sf ;b:on] ;xof]u u/] . xfn pgL ;]tf] n'uf nufpg] ul5{g\ . >Ldfgsf]sfhlqmof ePkl5 clxn] pgsf ;f;' ;;'/fx¿ pgL;Fu d'l:snn] af]N5g\ . kl/jf/df cem} klg tgfj 5 .pgn] kfPsf]dWo] cfwf k};f ;;'/fnfO{ lbPtf klg pgLx¿n] dfOnLnfO{ km]/L ljx] ug]{ / k}t[s ;DklQ n}hfg]of]hgf agfPsL 5] eg]/ cf/f]k nufpF5g\ .

Effu # — cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmddf ;'wf/

dfOnLn] cfˆgf] >Ldfg\\sf] vf]hL u/L g} /lxg\ . dlxnfx¿sf] Ps :yfgLo ;+:yfn] pgnfO{ ljw'jf, cemljz]if u/L >Ldfg\x¿ a]kQf ePsf dlxnfx¿nfO{, ;]tf] n'uf nufpg bafa lbg' x'Fb}g eg]/ atfof] .


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pgLx¿af6 dfOnLn] s]xL ;xof]u k|fKt ul/g\ . xfn cfP/ pgn] a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf >LdtLx¿n]klg law'jfx¿n] hlQs} /sd kfpg] s'/f yfx kfPsL l5g\ . pgL cfkm"n] >Ldfg\nfO{ d[t 3f]if0ff u/]sf]dfcfTdfUnfgL dx;'; ul5{g\ / l/;fpFl5g\ . pgL ca ;]tf] n'uf nufpFlbgg\ tyflk k]ml/ /ftf] ;f/L nufpg]sNkgf klg ug{ ;lSbgg\ . pgL cfkm" w]/}h;f] pbf; ePsf] dx;'; ul5{g\ .

Effu $ — cfsfª\Iff tyf ljsNkx¿

;/sf/n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd ;s]kl5 s] ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf åGåkLl8t tyf dfgjclwsf/ ;Ë7gx¿nfO{ /fv]/ k/fdz{ 5nkmn u5{ . 5nkmndf sf]xL eG5g\ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] åGåkLl8tsf cfjZostfx¿;Daf]wg ul/;s]sf]n] ca yk s]xL ug{' kb}{g . sf]xL eG5g\ x}g, of] t s]jn c:yfoL /fxt dfq lyof] .csf{yl/ ;f]W5g\ s] ul/g'kb{5 t < s]xL eG5g\ åGåsf] Iflt÷xflg gf]S;fgLnfO{ cf}krfl/s tyf ;fj{hlgs¿kdf dfGotf k|bfg ug{ h?/L 5 . eg] sf]xL eG5g\ x}g, o;n] yk åGå ;[hgf u5{ . sf]xL eG5g\åGåkLl8tsf klg clwsf/x¿ 5g\ h;nfO{ k'/f ug}{ k5{ . dfOnL of] k/fdz{ 5nkmnaf6 6f9f cfkm\g} ufpFdfl5g\ / pgn] o; af/]df s]xL ;'g]sL klg 5}gg\ . clxn] klg ha sf]xL gf}nf] dfG5] pgsf] 9f]sfdf cfpF5dfOnLnfO{ cfˆgf] >Ldfg\sf] ;dfrf/ NofPsf] xf] ls eGg] nfUb5 .

cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt k'?ifx¿sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] syf

Effu ! — åGå;Fu ;DalGwt xflg

;fOFnf Pp6f u/La / b'u{d ufFpsf %) jifL{o JolQm x'g\ . cfhef]ln pgL cfˆgL la/fdL >LdtL;Fu a:b5g\ .s'/f @)^) ;fnsf] xf] . pgLx¿sf] Psdfq ;Gtfgsf] ¿kdf Pp6f 5f]/f lyof] . To;a]nf tL 5f]/fsf] ljx]klg ePsf] lyPg . t/ pgL Pp6f k|fylds ljBfnosf lzIfs lyP . To;}a]nf Ps lbg ;fOFnfsf tL 5f]/f:s'naf6 k9fP/ 3/ kms]{gg\ . ;fOFnf / pgsL >LdtLn] lg/Gt/ 5f]/fsf] vf]hL u/] t/ s]xL kQf] nfu]g .pgsL >LdtL la/fdL / xtfz eOg\ / clxn] w]/} sd dfq 3/–sf]7faf6 xnrn ug{] ul5{g\ . pgL 5f]/f a]kQfePsf]df s'g} g s'g} k|sf/n] cfkm"nfO{ g} bf]if lblG5g\ . l5d]sLx¿n] To; lbg dfcf]jfbL / g]kfnL ;]gf b'j}Tof] If]qdf ePsf] s'/f ;'gfPsf lyP . ;fOFnf clxn] klg lg/Gt/ ¿kdf k|x/L, ;]gf, / :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltwfpF5g\ . t/ s;}n] klg s]xL atfpg ;Sb}gg\ . o;/L 5f]/f x/fPsf] / >LdtL klg /f]uL ePsf]df pgsfl5d]sLx¿n] ;fOFnfnfO{ km]/L ljx] ug]{ ;Nnfx lbG5g\ . t/ ;fOFnfn] cfz df/]sf 5}gg\ . a? cfkm"n] ca>LdtLsf] klg x]/rfx ug'{kg]{df pgL hf]8 lbG5g\ . To;sf] s]xL ;do kl5 pgn] >LdtLsf] pkrf/df vr{ug{sf nflu ufO{j:t' a]Rg' k/]sf] 5 .

Effu @ — cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd

g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^% ;fndf åGåkLl8tx¿sf nflu /fxt k|bfg ug]{ of]hgfsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . ;fOFnfn] klg;xof]u kfpg ;Sg] eg]/ ;'?df pgL v'';L eP t/ kl5 pgn] a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf kl/jf/sfx¿n] td[To' ePsf kl/jf/sf] eGbf klg lgs} sd k};f kfpg] yfxf kfP . l;l8cf] / l5d]sLx¿n] pgnfO{ 5f]/f d/]sf]3f]if0ff u/L cfjZos sfhlqmof k'/f ug{ / k'/} /sd lng bjfa lbP . cGtdf cK7\of/f] dfGb} pgn] ;a}n]eg]em+} sfhlqmof u/] / a9L /sd k|fKt u/] . To;f] ug{ pgnfO{ Pp6f /fhgLlts kf6L{sf ;b:on] ;xof]uu/] . nfdf] ;dosf] kvf{O kl5 pgn] /fxt ;xof]usf] Tof] k};f kfP . t/ pgsf] Ifltsf] s'g} klxrfg ePg .pgn] Pp6f r]s dfq kfP . pgn] /fhgLlts ;DaGwsf sf/0fn] s]xL gSsnL kLl8tx¿n] /fxt /sd k|fKtu/]sf] klg ;'g] . ;fOFnfnfO{ lbSbf/ nfUof] / ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof b]v]/ pgL b'MvL eP . pgn] >LdtLsf] pkrf/sfnflu Tof] k};f 3/d} nu] .

Effu # — cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmddf ;'wf/

;fOFnf cfˆgf] 5f]/fnfO{ vf]hL g} /xG5g\ . Ps lbg pgnfO{ lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsfPshgf ;b:on] a]kQf kfl/Psf kl/jf/n] klg åGådf dfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/n] k|fKt ug]{ hlt g} /sd kfpg] s'/f ;'gfpF5g\ . pgL cfkm"n] 5f]/fnfO{ d[t 3f]if0ff u/]sf]df bf]ifL dx;'; u5{g / l/;fp5g\ . pgnfO{cln kv]{sf] eP plQg} /sd k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] /x]5 eGg] eof] . t/ pgnfO{ km]/L cfkm}+nfO{ To; af/]df yfxf

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x'b}+gYof] eGg] nfU5 . olb ;Sg] eP pgL cfˆgf] lg0f{o kl/jt{g ug{ rfxG5g\ . pgL :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf;b:o;Fu åGåkLl8tx¿sf] ;+emgfdf sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug'{ / /sd ;+sng u/]/ :dfl/sf agfpg' kg]{ eG5g\ .t/ :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf ;b:on] clxn]sf] kl/k|]Ifdf of] sl7g 5 eG5g\ . ;fOFnf cfˆgf] >LdtLsf]x]/rfx ug{ 3/ kmls{G5g\ .

Effu $ — cfsfª\Iff tyf ljsNkx¿

;/sf/n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd ;s]kl5 s] ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf åGåkLl8t tyf dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;ª\3;+:yfx¿nfO{ /fv]/ k/fdz{ 5nkmn u5{ . 5nkmndf sf]xL eG5g\ – cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn]åGåkLl8tsf cfjZostfx¿ ;+af]wg ul/;s]sf]n] ca yk s]xL ug{' kb}{g . sf]xL eG5g\ – x}g, of] t s]jnc:yfoL /fxt dfq xf] . csf{y/L ;f]W5g\ – yk s] ul/g'kb{5 t < s]xL eG5g\ – åGåsf] IfltnfO{ cf}krfl/styf ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf dfGotf k|bfg ug{ h?/L 5 . eg] sf]xL eG5g\ – x}g, o;n] yk åGå ;[hgf u5{ . sf]xLeG5g\ – åGåkLl8tx¿sf klg clwsf/x¿ x'G5g\ h;nfO{ k"lt{ ug}{k5{ . ;fOFnf of] k/fdz{ 5nkmnaf6 6f9fcfˆg} ufpFdf 5g\, pgn] o; af/]df s]xL ;'g]sf 5}gg\ . clxn] klg ha sf]xL gf}nf] dfG5] pgsf] 9f]sfdfcfpF5 ;fOFnfnfO{ cfˆgf] 5f]/fsf] ;dfrf/ NofPsf] xf] ls eGg] nfUb5 .

k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿sf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] syf

efu !

sfOFnf cfˆgL >LdtL / tLghgf aRrfx¿;Fu} Pp6f u/La b'u{d ufpFdf ljut !% aif{b]lv a;]sf 5g\ .@)^) ;fndf ;fbf kf]zfs nufPsf xltof/wf/L dflg;x¿sf] Ps ;d"xn] sfOFnfnfO{ pgn] k9fpg] k|fylds ljBfnoaf6 lnP/ uP . pgnfO{ sxfF nluPsf] lyof] eGg] pgnfO{ g} yfxf 5}g . pgnfO{ sl/a !) lbg;Dds'6lk6 ug]{, ckdfg ug]{, kmfF;L nufpg] wDsL lbg] tyf åGåsf] ljifodf pgnfO{ yfxf gePsf k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg] u/Lof] . Ps lbg pgL a]xf]z eP / kl5 ;8ssf] 5]pdf PSnf] cj:yfdf xf]zdf cfP . pgn] ef/tdfs]xL pkrf/ t kfP t/ cem}klg pgL /fd|/L lx88'n ug{ ;Sb}gg\ / g/fd|f] ;kgf b]Vg] u5{g\ . s'g}–s'g} /ftpgL ædnfO{ gdf/ ÛÆ eGb} Ao'FlemG5g\ . slxn]sfFxL pgL kfunem} Jojxf/ u5{g\ eg] s'g} a]nf ¿g s/fpgyfN5g\ . cGtt M pgn] cfˆgf] ljBfno lzIfssf] hflu/ klg 5f]8\g' k¥of] . pgsL >LdtLnfO{ sfOFnfnfO{s;/L ;DxfNg] eg]/ hfGg d'l:sn ePsf] 5 / pgsL >LdtL k|foh;f] cfˆgf] >d÷pgLx¿sf aRrfsf] x]/rfxug{df g} vlr{lG5g\ . a}+saf6 lnPsf] C0f ltg{ g;s]sf]n] pgLx¿ cfˆgf] hUuf u'dfpg' kg]{ hf]lvddf 5g\ .sfOFnfnfO{ s] ug]{ eg]/ yfxf 5}g . yk pkrf/ ug{sf nflu pgLx¿;Fu k};f klg 5}g . To; ;d'bfosf;b:ox¿n] klg pgnfO{ ckx]ngf u5{g\ . pgL cfkm" lg/fz / a]sf/ ePsf] dx;'; u5{g\ .

Effu @

sfOFnfsL >LdtL xtf; x'lG5g\ . a}+sn] pgLx¿sf] hUuf sAhf ug{ ;Sg] vt/f 5 . pgsL >LdtLn] Ps hgf;fyL;Fu lhNnf ;b/d'sfd ;Dd hfg yk k};f ;fk6 lnlG5g\ . pgsL tL ;fyLn] pgnfO{ :yfgLo zflGt;ldltsf Ps hgf ;b:o;Fu s'/f ug{ d2t ul5{g\ . pgL sfOFnfn] ef]u]sf oftgf / To;n] :jf:Yodf kf/]sf]c;/x¿sf] af/]df tL ;b:onfO{ lj:t[t ¿kdf atfpFl5g\ . tL :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf ;b:on] sfOFnfsL>LdtLnfO{ sfOFnfsf] :jf:Yo pkrf/ vr{sf] e/kfO{ lng ;Nnfx lbG5g\, t/ sfOFnf / pgsL >LdtLn] 8/n]ubf{ w]/} /l;b gi6 u/L;s]sf lyP / cGo /l;bx¿ åGå;Fu ;DalGwt :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] xf] eg]/ k|dfl0ftug]{ vfnsf lyPgg\ . ;ldltsf ;b:on] ;/sf/sf] /fxt sfo{qmddf k|ToIf ¿kdf oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] nfluIfltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf gePsf] t/ o;sf nflu pgn] cbfntdf d'2f xfNg ;lS5g\ eg]/ klg hfgsf/L lbG5g\ .To; kl5 pgL Pp6f u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfdf hflG5g\ / cbfntdf s;/L d'2f hfx]/ ug]{ eGg] af/]df ;f]lW5g\ .tL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf JolQmn] pgnfO{ cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ubf{ nfdf] ;do / w/} k};f nfUg] / kl5 s'g}Ifltk"lt{ kfpg klg sl7g x'g ;Sg] egL ;DemfpF5g\ . pgn] sfOFnfsf] d'2f k|dfl0ft ug{ uf¥xf] x'g] klgatfpF5g\ . sfOFnfsL >LdtL emg} lg/fz x'lG5g\ .


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Effu # — cfsfª\Iffx¿ tyf ljsNkx¿

;/sf/n] cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmd ;s]kl5 s] ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf åGåkLl8tx¿ tyf ;ª\3;+:yfx¿nfO{ /fv]/ k/fdz{ 5nkmn u5{ . 5nkmndf sf]xL eG5g\ cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdn] åGåkLl8tx¿sf cfjZostfx¿;Daf]wg u/L;s]sf]n] ca yk s]xL ug{' kb}{g . sf]xL eG5g\ x}g, of] t s]jn c:yfoL /fxt dfq lyof] . csf{yl/ ;f]W5g\ yk s] u/Lg'k5{ t < s]xL eG5g\ åGåsf] xflg gf]S;fgLnfO{ cf}krfl/s tyf ;fj{hlgs ¿kdfdfGotf k|bfg ug{ h?/L 5 . clg sf]xL eG5g\ x}g, o;n] yk åGå ;[hgf u5{ . sf]xL eG5g\ åGåkLl8tx¿sf]klg clwsf/x¿ 5g h;nfO{ k"lt{ ug}{k5{ . Pshgf clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/nfO{ oftgfkLl8tx¿ alx:s[t ePsf/ cbfnt klg ;xh kx'Frdf gePsf] s'/f ;DemfpF5g\ . sfOFnf / pgsf] kl/jf/ of] k/fdz{ 5nkmnaf6 lgs}6f9f cfˆg} ufpFdf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] o; af/]df s]xL klg ;'g]sf 5}gg\ .

cg';Gwfg sfof{Gjog / cg'jtL{ sfo{x¿ If]qut cWoog sfo{ @)&) ;fn c;f/ @^ ut]b]lv >fj0f @( ;Dd s[kfsf tLgj6f cWoog 6f]nLn] u/]sf] lyof] .;a} cg';Gwfgstf{x¿ pkl:yt sfe|] lhNnf afx]s k|To]s 6f]nLnfO{ tLg tLg j6f lhNnfx¿ lbOPsf] lyof] .x/]s lhNnfdf cg';Gwfg k'/f ug{sf nflu &–* lbg nfu]sf] lyof] . åGåkLl8t ;xhstf{x¿nfO{ s'g ldltdf s'gju{sf kLl8tx¿nfO{ e]nf ug{' kg{] xf] eGg] v'nfO{ lj:t[t tflnsf lbOPsf] lyof] . t/ åGåkLl8t ;xhstf{x¿sf];Nnfxadf]lhd of] tflnsfdf cfjZos x]/km]/x¿ klg ul/Psf] lyof] .

alb{of, h'Dnf / sfe|] afx]ssf x/]s lhNnfdf slDtdf klg Ps hgf oftgfkLl8t dlxnf;Fu lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{ul/Psf] lyof] . cGtl/d /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 kmfObf lnPsf jf k'?if oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] cf};t * b]lv !) ;xefuLx¿ePsf] $) ;d"x -!% j6f dlxnfsf] ;d"x / @% j6f k'?ifsf] ;d"x_ df ;xhLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . oL $);d"xx¿n] nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog / syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmndWo] s'g} Pp6fdf efu lnPsf lyP . afXok|efj jf cg'e"t ul/Psf] kIfkftk"0f{ c;/ sd ug{sf nflu åGåkLl8t ;xhstf{x¿nfO{ 5nkmn ;qx¿df ;xefuL u/fOPsf] lyPg .

k|To]s ;q ;'? ubf{ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;';"lrt ;xdlt kmf/d k9]/ ;'gfOPsf] lyof] / pgLx¿nfO{ cg';Gwfgsf] s'g} klglaGb'df ;xefuLtf lkmtf{ lng] cj;/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . oBlk s;}n] klg To;f] u/]sf lyPgg\ . ;a} syfgsnlIft ;d"x 5nkmn / lj:t[t cGtjf{tf{x¿nfO{ l8lh6n >Jo /]s8{/df /]s8{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf nflu klg;xefuLx¿;Fu df}lvs cg'dlt lnOPsf] lyof] . cg';Gwfgstf{x¿nfO{ olb cfjZos ePdf ;q rfF8} g} 6'ª\Uofpg/ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ sfo{qmdsf] ;xefuLtf lkmtf{ lng jf pgLx¿nfO{ afXo ;xof]usf] nflu k7fpg ;xhLs/0f ug{sfnflu k"j{ tof/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .

cGtjf{tf{ jf syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn÷nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoog ;qx¿ ;dfkg ePkl5, /]s8{ ul/Psf] hfgsf/LnfO{ ToxL lbg jf ef]lnkN6 csf]{ ;q ;'? ug{' cufj} g]kfnLdf zAbzM k|ltn]vg ul/Psf] lyof] . s[kfsf]cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] syfgs nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn / lj:t[t cGtjf{tfsf lnlvt k|ltlnlkx¿nfO{ xft}n] ;ª\u|x u/]sflyP / nlIft g[j+zlj1fg cWoogaf6 k|fKt tYofÍnfO{ ofGy|f]Kofs -ANTHROPAC_ eGg] ;ˆ6jo/sf] k|of]uåf/fcÍLs/0f (digitalize) u/]sf lyP . k'/f ul/Psf cw{;+/lrt cGtjf{tf{ k|ZgfjnLx¿nfO{ xft}n] sf]8 ul/Psf] lyof] /l;P;k|f] (CSPro) ;ˆ6jo/sf] k|of]u u/L cÍLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . ;a} tYofÍnfO{ pQ/bftfx¿sf] kl/ronfO{ ;+/If0fug{] lx;fjdf /flvPsf] 5 . >Jo /]s8{x¿ / lnlvt k|ltlnlkx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft :yndf /flvPsf] 5 / ;a} ljB'tLokmfOnx¿nfO{ uf]kgLotfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;Í]tzAb (password) lbOPsf] 5 . tYofÍsf] ;'?jftL ljZn]if0f s[kfn]u/]sf] lyof] . s[kf / cfOl;l6h]sf /fli6«o sd{rf/L, ljifo ljz]if1x¿ / cg';Gwfg k/fdz{bftfaLr cg';Gwfgsf]lgisif{sf af/]df ;dLIff ug{ / tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f / JoVofdf z'4tfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu l8;]Dj/ @)!#df b'O{ lbg] a}7s ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . km]a|'c/L @)!$ df s[kfn] a'emfPsf] cWoog k|ltj]bgn] of] k|ltj]bgsf]cfwf/sf] sfd u/]sf] 5 . cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt d:of}bf kl/0ffd, lgisif{ / l;kmfl/;x¿ åGåkLl8t ;xhstf{x¿/ kLl8t g]tfx¿nfO{ dfr{ @)!$ df ePsf] Ps lbg] a}7sdf k|Zt't ul/Psf] lyof] . of] a}7ssf ;xefuLx¿af6k|fKt ePsf] k|ltlqmofn] cg';Gwfgsf] kl/0ffd tyf lgisif{sf] JofVof ug{df yk ;xof]u k'Ug'sf ;fy} lgisif{ tyf l;kmfl/;x¿nfO{ kl/lis[t ug{df yk d2t u/]sf] lyof] .

cfOl;l6h] Go"of]s{% x\ofgcf]e/ :Sjfo/, @$ cf}+ tNnfGo"of]s{, NY 10004kmf]gM ±! (!& ^#& #*))k\mofS;M ±! (!& ^#& #())www.ictj.org

cfOl;l6h] g]kfn;f]N6Ldf]8, sflndf6Lkf]=a=g+= *(&% OkL;L @!@%sf7df8f}+, g]kfnkmf]gM ±(&& ! $)#)%^!k\mofS;M ±(&& ! $)#)%&@

gÆ - International Center for Transitional Justice · Pg\Pkm\lhl8 Gof/]l6e kmf]s:8 u|'k l8:s;g...

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Transcript of gÆ - International Center for Transitional Justice · Pg\Pkm\lhl8 Gof/]l6e kmf]s:8 u|'k l8:s;g...