Impact’ofnanomaterialsona’ soilbased ’ecosystem’ · Impact’ofnanomaterialsona’...
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Impact of nanomaterials on a soilbased ecosystem Catherine Santaella, Mohamed Hamidat, Cécile Simonet, Philippe Ortet, Mohamed Barakat, Wei Liu, Wafa Achouak UMR 7565 CNRS CEAAMU, Lab Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizophère et Environnements Extrêmes, St Paul lez Durance, France Serenade
Transcript of Impact’ofnanomaterialsona’ soilbased ’ecosystem’ · Impact’ofnanomaterialsona’...
Impact of nanomaterials on a soil-‐based ecosystem
Catherine Santaella, Mohamed Hamidat, Cécile Simonet, Philippe Ortet, Mohamed Barakat, Wei Liu, Wafa Achouak UMR 7565 CNRS-‐ CEA-‐AMU, Lab Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizophère et Environnements Extrêmes, St Paul lez Durance, France
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Soil is a complex system that hosts a complex food web
From Holden et al. 2013 and www.sbpfoodwebwords
Soil is a complex system
Soil is the matrix of a multilayer food web structures Soil is a complex interface between gases-‐solid-‐water-‐organic/inorganic matters and organisms
Assemblage of sand, silt, clay, organic matter, root hairs, microorganisms and their secretions, and resulting pores. 2012 Nature Education
A soil aggregate in the rhizosphere
http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/soil/soil-‐properties/water/
Soil porosity
Estimated global mass flow of ENMs (in metric tons per year) from production to disposal or release,
considering high production and release estimates as of 2010
(Keller et al, ES&T 2013)
128 900 t/year
Modeled concentrations of engineered nanomaterials in soils and soils treated with biosolids
1. Mueller and Nowack, 2008 high exposure scenario of diffusive ENMs at regional level (Switzerland) 2. Gottschalk et al., 2009, exposure scenario from ENM emissions at Europe level 3. Musee, 2010 Johannesburg Metropolitan City (South Africa) ENM release from cosmetic products via WWTPs 4. Park et al., 2008. considering the ENM accumulated in soils near highways during a 40-‐year period ().
Could nanoparticles be the next DDT or PCB? (Kevin Heath)
Soil samples taken from unpolluted arctic environments and then contaminated with silver NPs (0,066% Ag, 20 nm) . The soils were examined over a 6 month period
Nano-silver can be toxic to Rhizobiales, nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria
Kumar et al, Journal of Hazardous Materials 2011
Stacked bar representation of 16S rRNA gene sequence association to orders in control and silver-nanoparticles treated soils
Luteibacter rhizovicinus (92%)
Bradyrhizobium canariense (99%)
Negative effects of nano-‐TiO2 on bacterial soil community (Ge et al, 2011)
Nano-‐TiO2 semispherical,15-‐20 nm; 81% anatase and 19% rutile (Evonyk Degussa)
• Soil Bacterial Community Shifts and Diversity Declines • Effects on microbial enzymatic activities
• Negative effects of nano-‐TiO2 on substrate induced respiration (SIR)
• Nano-‐TiO2 reduced extractable soil DNA
What do we know on the impact of nanos on soils and plants?
Ref Nanos Plant Effects
Rico et al. 2013 nCeO2 Rice No visible signs of toxicity, nCeO2 concentration-‐dependent modification of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. Reduction of H2O2 generation in both shoots and roots but enhanced membrane damage and photosynthetic stress in the shoots were observed at 500 mg nCeO2 L−1
Morales et al. 2013
nCeO2 Coriandrum sativum L.
at 125 mg kg−1 the CeO2 NPs changed the conformation of carbohydrates. This suggests that the CeO2 NPs could change the nutritional properties of cilantro
Colman et al.2013
Ag biosolid
Sedge; Rush; Forb; Grass
Reduction of biomass, decrease of microbial enzymatic activities (phosphatase, leucine amino peptidase) , fifty days to restore bacterial community composition, nano effect
Priester et al. 2012
nCeO2 nZnO
Soybean nano-‐ZnO taken up in edible plant tissues, nano-‐CeO2, plant growth and yield diminished, nitrogen fixation was shut down
What do we know on the impact of nanos on soils and plants?
Reference Nanos Plant Days Conc tested Preditecd environmental concenration in soil (Biosolid*)
Rico et al, 2013
nCeO2 Rice 10 62,6 -‐500 mg/L 0.28 -‐ 1.12 mg/kg
Morales et al. 2013
nCeO2 Coriandrum sativum L.
30 62 -‐500 mg/kg 0.28 -‐ 1.12 mg/kg
Colman et al. 2013
Ag biosolid
Sedge; Rush; Forb; Grass
50 0.14 mg/kg 0.02-‐0.1 µg/kg
Priester et al. 2012
nCeO2 nZnO
Soybean 30 100 -‐1000 mg/kg 50 -‐500
0.28 -‐ 1.12 mg/kg +3.2 µg/kg/year*
x60
x60
x1000
X100
* Sludge treated soil
Cerium oxide nanoparticles
Additives in fuels, chemical mechanical planarization, microelectronics, catalysis, and UV-‐absorbers in surface coating and sunscreen cosmetics, biomedical applications (SOD) Based on the sole use in fuels, environmental concentrations of nano-‐CeO2 in soils over 40 years are estimated in the range: 0.28 -‐ 1.12 mg/kg in soils (Park et al, 2008)
Terrestrial mesocosms Calcareous soils pH 7.6, parcel under wheat
From Prospect Global Material Services 2010 From M. Auffan From M. Auffan
Rapeseed (Brassica napus)
Three types of CeO2 nanoparticles
170,4 (100%) 10,16 nm (77,3 %) 156,0 nm (21,4 %)
Citrate-‐coated CeO2 8,99 (97,3%)
nCeO2
TEM
DLS
Nanobyk Umicore
Metal&Soil%%from%%
Aix+en%–Provence%mg/kg%
Common%range%for%soils%mg/kg%
(Lindsay%1979)%%%
Al&& 15%600% 10%000%+%300%000%
Fe& 11%170% 7%000%+%550%000%Mn& 240% 20%+%3000%Cu& 11% 2%+%100%Cd& 0.8% 1%+%1000%Zn& 95% 10%+%300%Ni& 246% 5%+%500%As& 5.7% 1%+%50%Ag& 0.2% 0.01%+%5%Ce&& 19% 1%+%50%
Terrestrial mesocosms nCeO2
CeO2 1 mg/kg
Sieving 4 mm
Sieving 4 mm 15% humidity
20% humidity
Seeding
Phytotrons (CEA-‐IBEB-‐GRAP) Atmospheric gaseous composition Temperature Irradiance levels and light periods Watering 30j
Ce mass balance ICP-‐AES
Root tissue
Bulk soil Unplanted soil
Root adhering soil
DNA-‐based pyrosequencing to characterize the structure of the bacterial communities
associated to roots, rhizospheric soil and bulk soil
DNA/RNA extrac-on from each compartment
Amplifica-on of genes of interest
High throughput sequencing techniques
Soil and root-‐associated microbiomes in response to nCeO2 Soil enzymatic activities
nCeO2 treated and control plants nCeO2 treated and control soils
Bacterial enzymatic activities (protease, urease, acid phosphatase, β-galactosidase…)
Impact of nanoCeO2 on microbial community structure in different soil compartments:
Nanos of CeO2 strongly rather associate to organic matter in culture medium (Pelletier et al., 2our study) or in sludge than to cells In the rhizosphere, bacteria develop from different organic sources: root exudates or soil organic matter (SOM) Labelling root exudates from phototransformation of 13CO2 by the plant allows to differentiate bacteria developing from SOM or root exudates bacterial communities
Coll. Feth-‐el-‐zahar HAICHAR-‐BAYA, Univ Lyon
• Environmental doses and realistic exposition of organisms
• Potential ecoreceptors to nanoparticles
• Cross effects of nanoparticles and other pollutants!
• Aged nanoparticles / nanomaterials, mixed nanomaterials and life cycle
• Caracterization of nanos in biological interactions at low concentration
• Better understanding of what properties govern nanos « Safe by design »
• INTERDISCIPLINARITY! • Microbial ecology, microbiology,chemistry, physicochemistry, soil
science, plant physiology, modeling...
Our next approaches:
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Thanks to you!
Mohamed Hamidat Cécile Simonet Philippe Ortet Mohamed Barakat Wei Liu Wafa Achouak Mélanie Auffan Jean Yves Bottero Jérome Rose CytoViVa, Byron Cheatham ANR MESONNET directed by Jean Yves Bottero ANR AgingNano&Troph directed by Jérome Rose
And to:
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