MAN - Emisiones camión (2005)

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MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Group MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG 11.10.2005 1Dr. Schaller

Emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles



Emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles 11.10.2005MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Group 2Dr. Schaller

PM [g/kWh]

0,7

0,6

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,15

0,1

00,02

0 2 3,5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14,4NOx [g/kWh]

Euro 0, 1990

Euro 1, 1992

COP limits EEC 88/77

Diesel engines > 85 kW

Euro 2, 1995Euro 3, 2000

from 2005

Euro 4

Euro 5, 2008

US 2010 US 2007

Reduction of limits

from Euro 0 to Euro 5 / US EPA 2007/2010

35 commercial vehicles in 2005emit the same particulate massas one in 1990




Engine technology




Cylinder spacing: 154 mm

Bore: 120 mm

Stroke: 155 mm

Displacement: 10.52 l

Wright: 960 kg

Rating [hp]: 310 350 390 430

Torque [Nm]: 1550 1750 1900 2100

New engine generation

D20 Common Rail

Euro 2: Export

Euro 3: Series (until 09/06)

Euro 4: SeriesEuro 5: Series (from 01/06)


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/man-emisiones-camion-2005 5/47Emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles 11.10.2005MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Group 5Dr. Schaller

D2066 crankcase of vermicular cast iron GJV 450

Combustion

pressure > 200 bar



D 2066 crankcase

Cracked crankshaft bearings



D2066 cylinder head with external, cooled exhaust-

gas recirculation (EGR)EGR for Euro 3 andEuro 4 concepts



View of cylinder head gasket without media passages



Common-rail system, 2nd generation

High-pressure pump: <500 – 1600 bar

Fuel service centre

Rail for fueldistribution toinjectors

Injector



Possible injection curves with CR

m g

/ H u

b /

g r d

K W

grd KW



Exhaust systems



Euro 2

Euro 3

Euro 4 (2005)

MotorischePartikelreduzierung

AbgasseitigePartikelreduzierung

Abgasseitige NOX-Reduzierung

P a r t i c u l a t e s [ g / k W h ]

MotorischeNOX-Reduzierung

Euro 5 (2008)

0,0

0,1

0,2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Possibilities for further reductions in

emissions to Euro 3

Exhaust-gas

recirculation

PM - KATCombustion,

injectionpressure

SCR - KAT

NOX [g/kWh]




EGR




D20 Common Rail with cooled exhaust-gas

recirculation

EGR




Cooled exhaust-gas recirculation on MAN engine

Air filter

Engine

EGR cooler

EGR valve

Peakpressure

valves

Inter-

cooler




Effect of exhaust-gas recirculationon consumption and NO

x

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

NOx-Emission in g/kWh

V e r

b r a u c h s e r h ö h u n g i n %

ohne Abgasrückführung

mit Abgasrückführung (10%)

Speed = 1500 1/min ; Variation of start of injection




Euro 4 – MAN PM-Kat®

•Engine with EGR

•NOx emission after engine 3.5 g/kwh•PM emission after engine ~ 0.03 g/kwh

•PM emission after filter < 0.02 g/kwh

•Regeneration of filter " continously"




MAN PM-KAT® - structure




MAN PM-KAT®

– Function




MAN PM-KAT® soot filter system

VVV PPP

VVV Pre-oxidation platinum cat.: 2NO + O2Æ 2NO2PrePre--oxidationoxidation platinumplatinum catcat.: 2NO + O2.: 2NO + O2 Æ 2NO22NO2

PPP Soot particle trap: 2NO2+ CÆ CO2+ 2NOSootSoot particleparticle traptrap: 2NO2+ C: 2NO2+ C Æ CO2+ 2NOCO2+ 2NO




New soot filter system for Euro 4 in TGA

MAN PM-KAT®

PM trapPMPM traptrap

Pre-cat.PrePre--catcat..




MAN PM-KAT® particulate fi ler system –

Integration in si lencer in TGA

Stainless steel

housing PM-KAT®

indiv. modules




MAN PM-KAT® particulate fi ler system –

Exhaust-gas ducting in silencer

PM trapPM trapPre-catPre-cat




MAN PM-KAT® particulate filer system –Exhaust-gas ducting in bus silencer

PM trapPM trapPre-catPre-cat




Particle size before and after MAN PM-KAT®

Soot separation efficiency

30

d N / d l o g

( D p ) * [ 1 0

1 3 p a r t i c l e s / k W h ]

Electric mobility diameter [nm]1 10 100 1000

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

before PM-KAT®

after PM-KAT®

separation

25

S e p

a r a t i o n ( q

u a n t i t y ) [ %

]

20

15

10

5

0




MAN PM-KAT® - separation efficiency

and particle size

Speed B(1800 min-1)

5 10 50 100 3000

20

40

60

80

100 75% load50% load

25% load

40

S e p a r a t i o n e

f f i c i e n c y [ % ]

Particle diameter [nm] Elektrischer Mobilitätsdurchmesser gemäßMessung mit SMPS

(Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer)




MAN PM-KAT®

Advantages of particulate filter system Total particulate separation 60 to 80 %

Above-average elimination of smallest particles (< 40 nm)

Non-clogging, robust, maintenance-free

Tamper-proof

No additional agent necessasryÆ System independent of AdBlue infrastructure

No extra space requirement

Weight advantage over SCR system= approx. 100 kg(systemweight advantage without AdBlue)




Euro 5 – "MAN Ad Blue"

•Engine without EGR

•NOx emission after engine 7 - 9 g/kwh

•PM emission after engine 0.02 g/kwh

•NOx reduction by Selective Catalytic Reduction (= SCR)

• Additional liquid (urea) required




MAN AdBlue® SCR system

Urea

Reducing (SCR) catalyst

4NH3 + 4NO + O2 4N2 + 6H2O

2NH3 + NO + NO2 2 N2 + 3H2O

R

AdBlue mixer

(NH2) 2CO + H2O 2NH3 + CO2

(NH2) 2CO + NO + NO2 2 N2 + CO2 + H2O

H

Ammonia oxidation catalyst4NH3 + 3O2 2N2 + 6H2O

O




MAN AdBlue system

air

Metering system withcontrol unit

AdBluetank

AdBluemixer

Metering valve Silencer with reducingsnd NH3 blocking cat.

CAN bus to EDC

Temp. snsor

Temp. sensor




Components of MAN AdBlue systems in vehicle

Combinationtank

Supply

module

Solenoid valve

Silencer with catalyst

modules

AdBlue mixer with nozzle and temp.sensor (fixed to engine)

Bonded cover(here remvoed)

Engine connectionsfor heating

Line to meteringmodule

Lines fromtank

Insulation of interface

AdBlue filler neck

AdBlue tank

Heater spiral

Flexible hose =engine interface

Attachmentpoint for temp. sensor

Euro5 – SCR System




yParts fixed to engine

AdBlue mixer

Temperature sensor

Metering unit

Engine brake cylinder

Urea nozzle

Euro5 – SCR System




yCombination tank

Lines to supplymodule

Aluminium tank fordiesel fuel

Synthetic tank forAdBlue

Last baffle is a partition

Bonded end cover

AdBlue supplyand return lines

Location forAdBlue levelsensor

Heater lines

Mounting brackets

AdBlue filler neck




Euro x – next steps

•Twin turbocharging

•Double intercooling

•SCR and/or

•PM-Kat ®

EURO x through modifications to engine:




EURO x through modifications to engine:Euro 4 + 2-stage supercharging

IntercoolingHighpressure stage

Low-pressure stage

EngineIntercooling




Effects

E i i i G 1999




Emission in Germany, 1999according to nature of source

5% 4% 4% 7%

20%20%

51%53%

5,6%

26%

Carbonmonoxide

Carbondioxide

ParticulatesOrganiccompounds

Oxides of nitrogen

4.96 million t 1.63 million t 1.65 million t 0.8 million t*

859 million t

(100%)

Road transport Commercial vehiclesTotal

Quelle: BMW 5/01, * Werte f. Partikel: UBA Berlin 1994

P i l i i f i l hi l i




700

400

150

100

20 13

m g

/ k W h

1990 1992 1995 2000 2005/8 2007

Particulate emissions from commercial vehicle engines:Development in limits, 1990-2008

6.564 + 1 1 %

Euro 4/5Euro 0 Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 US 2007

9 7 %

r e d u c t i oni n1 5 y e ar s !

"35 Euro 4/5

trucks =1 Euro 0 truck"

P ti l t d NO i i




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

p a r t i c u l a t e e m i s

s i o n s [ k t / a ]

Particulates fromdiesel cars

Particulates fromcom. vehicles

Particulate and NOx emissionsRoad transport in Germany, 1970 – 2020 scnario

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

N O x e m i s s i o n s [ k t / a ]

NOX cars

NOX com. vehicles

Source: Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, TU Wien, Stand November 2001

D l t i ti l t i i 2000 2020




Development in particulate emissions 2000 – 2020Commercial vehicles in Germany

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

P a r t i c u l t e e m i s s i o

n s [ k t / a ]

Current EU schedule up to Euro 5

Reduction potential for Euro 6* from 2012

Delta Euro6

* Assumpt ion: Euro 5 limits halved againto 10 (ESC) or 15 (ETC) mg/kWh

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020Quelle: Dr. E. J acob, Internat. Wiener Motorensymposium, April 2005

Development in particulate emissions 2000 2020




Development in particulate emissions 2000 – 2020Commercial vehicles in Germany

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

P a r t i c u l a t e e m i s s

i o n s [ k t / a ]

Euro 2 and older Euro 3Euro 4

Euro 5Euro 6

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020Source: Dr. E. J acob, Internat. Wiener Motorensymposium, April 2005




Fine dust debate




Fine dust

Limits from 01.01.2005:

50 µg/m³ as 24-hour limit for day; must not be exceeded more than 35x per year 40 µg/m³ as average limit for year

This is therefore a regulation on immissions that deals with the concentration andsize of particulates and the frequency of their occurrence

EU clean air directive1996/62/EC of 1996 with follow-on directive 1999/30/EU of 1999

Passed into German law in 1999 too.

The directive stipulates that from01.01.2005 certain specified concentrations of thefollowing particles smaller than dia. 10 µm (PM 10) must notbe exceeded in the airin urban areas within certain periods.

The emission directive 1999/96/EC also passed by the EU in 199 deals with theemission of pollutants from diesel and gas engines and is binding, i.a. for theregistration of commercial vehicles (Euro 3,4,5 etc.)

Correlation between particulateconcentration and climatic change




Quellen: Dr. Scheuerer, BMW AGMrowietz Volkswagen AGUmweltbundesamt

No direct correlation

between PM10 concentrationand emission sources

Weather has decisiveinfluence on PM10

concentration

concentration and climatic change

Measurement of PM10 burden in central Berlin




Measurement of PM10 burden in central BerlinHeavily frequented main road

26%Local traffic

27%Urban background(all other sources in Berlin)

47%

Regionalbackground

(imported fine dust)

Truckexhaust

Car exhaust

Abrasion productsfrom cars, swirling

Abrasion products from trucks,swirling

Source: Berlin Senate Office for Urban Development–Berlin clean-air action plan, 2005 to 2010 (February 2005)

Fine dust burden (TÜV SÜD)




Fine dust burden (TÜV SÜD)Publicaiton of 4th April 2005

69%

16%

10% stationary combustion

(e.g. heating systems etc.)

2.5% diesel cars

2.5% diesel trucks

Fine dust fromhouseholds

Fine dust from•Industry•Further afield• Agriculture•Traffic (tyre wear, brake dust)

Soot emissions

Diesel soot from trucks

accounts for approx. 2.5 %

Source: TÜV SÜD

MAN - Emisiones camión (2005)

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