Molekulargenetik der Eukaryoten WS 2014/15, VL 11€¦ · Kinase Cascades Active JNK travels to the...

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Molekulargenetik der Eukaryoten WS 2014/15, VL 12 Erwin R. Schmidt Institut für Molekulargenetik

Transcript of Molekulargenetik der Eukaryoten WS 2014/15, VL 11€¦ · Kinase Cascades Active JNK travels to the...

Page 1: Molekulargenetik der Eukaryoten WS 2014/15, VL 11€¦ · Kinase Cascades Active JNK travels to the nucleus and phosphorylates the bZIP transcription factor C-JUN C-JUN dimerizes

Molekulargenetik der EukaryotenWS 2014/15, VL 12

Erwin R. Schmidt

Institut für Molekulargenetik

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Der basale Transkriptionskomplexplus genspezifische TFs

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Zusammen-fassung:Präinitiations-komplexeder verschiedenenGenklassen

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Präinitiation bei Genen

a) mit TATA-Box b) mit Initiatorregion c) mit GC-Box

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DNA-bindende Proteine:

• Die wichtigsten „Interpreter“ des DNA-Kommando-Codes

• Die Vermittler zwischen ankommenden Signalen und Umsetzung durch die Gene

• „transaktive“ Steuerungselemente von Genen oder ganzen Gengruppen

• Globale oder lokale Modifikatoren der Chromatinstruktur und damit der Genaktivität

http://gibk26.bse.kyutech.ac.jp/jouhou/image/dna-protein/hth/hth.html

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DNA bindende Proteine haben eine DNA-Bindedomäne und binden oft als Dimere

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Die wichtigsten DNA-binde-Proteine

Helix-turn-Helix

ZinkfingerLeucin Zipper

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ZinkfingerProteine (ZF)

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Die wichtigsten DNA-binde-Proteine:Zinkfinger-Proteine

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Die wichtigsten DNA-binde-Proteine:Zinkfinger-Proteine:Cys-His-Typ

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Die wichtigsten DNA-binde-Proteine:Zinkfinger-ProteineCys-Cys-Typ

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Zinkfinger-Motiv

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Leucin „Zipper“ („bZiP“)

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alpha-Helix der Proteine:alle 7 Aminosäuren weist die Helix in die gleiche Richtung

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Alpha-Helix

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Leucin-Zipper

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Leucin„Zipper“

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Helix-turn-Helix-Protein

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Helix-turn-Helix-Proteine

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Homeodomän-Protein

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Drosophila TF „engrailed“

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DNA-binde-Proteine:Basisches Helix-loop-Helix-Protein(bHLH)

Helix

Loop

Helix

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Basisches Helix-Loop-Helix

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H-Brückenbindungen zwischen Aminosäuren des Proteins und Basen der DNA über die große Grube stellen die sequenzspezifische Bindung sicher

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Genregulation durch Steroidhormon

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Hormon induzierte GenaktivitätBeispiel für Genaktivierung durch externe Signale

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Hormon induzierte GenaktivitätBeispiel für Genaktivierung durch externe Signale

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Nuclear Receptors

Palindromic Repeats

Glucocorticoid RGRACANNNTGTYCYOestrogen RGGTCANNNTGACCYThyroid RGGTCA------TGACCY

Direct Repeats

6-cis retinoic acid AGGTCAN1AGGTCAAll trans retinoic acid AGGTCAN2AGGTCAThyroid hormone AGGTCAN4AGGTCA

N indicates any nucleotideR indicates a purine ie. A or GY indicates a pyrimidine ie. C or T

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Nuclear Receptors

GR hsp90hsp90GR

Binding of hormone

Dissociation from hsp90

Dimerisation

GR GR

Migration to nucleusGR GR

Binding to URE

TATA

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Nuclear Receptors

RGRACANNNTGTYCY

TBP

TAFTAF

TAF

TAF

RNA pol II

Binding of ligand causes conformational change allowing transactivation domain to interact with transcriptional machinery

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Hormon-regulation von Genen

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cAMP signalling

GGG GTPG

G protein-coupled receptor

Ligand binding leads to release of GTP-associated G protein

Small GTP-binding proteins

Example: ras – covered in earlier lecture

Alternate between inactive GDP and active GTP bound forms

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cAMP signalling

adenylatecyclase

G

GTP

ATPcAMP

G protein (+GTP) binds to and activates adenylate cyclase

Cellular levels of cyclic AMP increase

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cAMP signalling

R

R

C

C

Protein Kinase A

Tetrameric complex

Two regulatory subunits

Two catalytic subunits

cAMP binds to the regulatory subunits and leads to the release of the catalytic subunits

cAMP

cAMPC

C

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C

Cyclic AMP Response Element Binding protein

CREB is a member of the bZIP family of transcription factors

It recognizes the palindromic CRE motif TGACGTCA

CREB is found associated with the DNA motif but does not stimulate transcription until phosphorylated by the catalytic domain of protein kinase A

CRE

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

CREB CREB

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C

CRE

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

CREB CREB

CBP

P

P

CREB binding protein

CBP recognises and binds the phosphorylated form of CREB

CBP interacts with the basal transcription complex to mediate the effects of CREB on gene expression

Co-activator

RNApol

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Kinase CascadesActive JNK travels to the nucleus and phosphorylates the bZIP transcription factor C-JUN

C-JUN dimerizes with C-FOS to form the AP-1 transcription factor

AP-1 activates transcription by binding to the –TGA(C/G)TCA- TPA response element (TRE) (seen in lecture 1) and interacting with the basal transcription complex

JNKP

nucleus

C-JUN

TRE

C-JUN

P

RNA pol II

C-FOS

P