Offshore Renewables in Europe Technology, Markets and ... · International Jack-up Barge Owners...
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© Fraunhofer IWES Offshore Renewables in Europe Technology, Markets and Perspectives International Jack-up Barge Owners Association GA, Hamburg, Feb 2012 Louis Quesnel, Jochen Bard Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy &Energy Systems Technology IWES,Germany Photo: Ana Brito e Melo
Transcript of Offshore Renewables in Europe Technology, Markets and ... · International Jack-up Barge Owners...
© Fraunhofer IWES
Offshore Renewables in Europe
Technology, Markets and Perspectives
International Jack-up Barge Owners Association GA, Hamburg, Feb
2012
Louis Quesnel, Jochen Bard
Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy &Energy Systems Technology IWES,Germany
Photo: Ana Brito e Melo
© Fraunhofer IWES
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft undertakes
applied research of direct utility to private and
public enterprise and of wide benefit to society.
Our Customers:
Industry
Service sector
Public administration
© Fraunhofer IWES
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft in Germany
60 Institutes at 40 locations
Branches of Institutes, Research Institutions, Working Groups, Branch Labs and Application Centers
Institutes
2010
Staff 18.130
R&D-budget 1.653 Million €
München
Holzkirchen
Freiburg
Efringen-
Kirchen
Freising Stuttgart
Pfinztal Karlsruhe Saarbrücken
St. Ingbert Kaiserslautern
Darmstadt Würzburg
Erlangen
Nürnberg
Ilmenau
Schkopau
Teltow
Oberhausen
Duisburg
Euskirchen Aachen
St. Augustin
Schmallenberg
Dortmund
Potsdam Berlin
Rostock
Lübeck Itzehoe
Braunschweig
Hannover
Bremen
Bremerhaven
Jena
Leipzig
Chemnitz
Dresden
Cottbus
Magdeburg
Halle
Fürth
Wachtberg
Ettlingen
Holzen
Kassel
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Bremerhaven and Kassel
Advancing Wind Energy and Energy System Technology
Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and
Energy System Technology
Research spectrum:
Wind energy from material development to grid optimization
Energy system technology for all renewables
Foundation: 2009
Annual budget: approx. 30 million Euros
Personal: approx. 300 (full-time: 220)
Directors: Prof. Dr. Andreas Reuter, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Schmid
Formerly:
Fraunhofer-Center für Windenergie und Meerestechnik CWMT in Bremerhaven
Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik ISET in Kassel
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Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System
Technology
Business fields I
Wind energy technology and
operating management
Elasticity and dynamics of turbines
and components
Development of rotors, drive trains
and foundations
Competence center rotor blade
© Fraunhofer IWES
Environmental analysis for wind and
ocean energy
Control and integration of decentralized converters
Energy supply structures and
systems analysis
Energy management and grid
operation
Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System
Technology
Business fields II
© Fraunhofer IWES
Offshore technology related R&D topics and services
Technical reliability
new sensor systems, structural health monitoring, condition monitoring
offshore degradation testing
Strategies for material protection
Device simulation and evaluation
Monitoring production cost
Representation of substructures (ADCoS –offshore for WTs)
Adjusting the level of detail in the progress
Drive train (in planning)
Full scale grid connected nacelle testing
Offshore site assessment
Characterisation of environmental conditions
Development of innovative measurement methods
Energy economy and grid operation
© Fraunhofer IWES
Offshore wind and related R&D projects
RAVE: Coordination and Research
OGOwin: structural monitoring and modelling of a support structure
AERTOS
Breaking the ice: Ice loads on offshore wind turbines, with VTT (Finland)
Operation and Maintenance Offshore, with VTT (Finland), TNO (NL), Sintef
FOG: Optimization of construction process for
offshore wind support structure, with WeserWind (Germany)
OC4: comparison of aero-hydro coupled simulation software
ESTIR: technology implementation bottlenecks and perspectives
PoWWow: wind-wave correlations and prediction
DENA I+II: National studies on offshore wind exploitation
and grid integration (explicit scenarios)
Extools: European study on experience curves in RE
HiPRWind: Floating MW wind turbine, controls, rotors, CMS+SHM
Floating wind Demo projects (under negotiation)
© Fraunhofer IWES
Overview of ocean energy activities @ IWES
Technology Development
SEAFLOW (2003), SEAGEN (2008),…
Kobold I (2007), Kobold II (2010),…
Pulse Tidal 1.2 MW Demonstration project (FP7 2009-2012)
CORES – Components for Ocean Renewable Energy Systems (FP7 ’08-’10)
SDWED – Structural Design of Wave Energy Devices (Dan. Res. Council)
Marina Platform – research on multipurpose platforms (FP7 2010-2014)
TROPOS: R&D on modular multiuse deep water offshore platforms
New concepts for measuring currents, waves (WCI) and turbulence
Market and Resource Studies
Wave Energy Feasibility Study for the German EEZ (Vattenfall)
Study on offshore hybrid Renewables concepts (Industrial client)
Coordinating Research & Networking
Ocean Energy Network(www.wave-energy.net, FP6)
ORECCA: Ocean Renewable Energy Conversion Platforms - Coordination Action
MARINET: research infrastructure project for offshore wind and OE
International organisations
IEA, IEC TC114 (German Mirror committee at DKE/VDE)
© Fraunhofer IWES
Ranges of global technical potentials of RE sources
source IPCC- SRREN
© Fraunhofer IWES
Range in LCOE for selected RE technologies
source IPCC- SRREN
© Fraunhofer IWES
European Wave energy map
Source: Oceanor
© Fraunhofer IWES
Variety of wave energy technologies
Source: HMRC
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Categories of wave energy technologies
Source: Antonio Falcao, IST
© Fraunhofer IWES
Oscillating water column (OWC)
500 kW Demo system Limpet since 2001
Mutriku Project at the Basque coast: 16*18,5 kW
Siadar Project on Isle of Lewis: 40*100 kW
Npower renewables
Voith Hydro Wavegen
© Fraunhofer IWES
Ocean Power Technologies (OPT) point absorber
Santonia Project using a PB40
(Iberdrola, Total, Sodercan, IDAE)
PB150
EU-Demo project WAVEPORT
started April 2010, duration 48 month, 600kW point absorber for installation in Spain
Coordinator: PERA, UK, Eligible cost : 7.9 M€, EC Support : 4.6 M€
Source: OPT
PB150
150 kW buoy
Off Invergordon,
Scotland
Ocean trials
in progress
“Electrical power generated
by the PB150 has included
peaks of over 400 kilowatts.
Average electrical power of
45 kilowatts was generated
at wave heights as low as 2
meters (…)“
© Fraunhofer IWES
Floating oscillating body: Pelamis
Pelamis II 750 kW, at 55 kW/m
120 m long, Ø 3,5m
2,7 GWh, or 3600 h
Source: Pelamis wave power, Aegir Wave Power
Aegir Wave Power – joint venture of Vattenfall and Pelamis Wave Power: • a commercial wave farm off the SW coast of Shetland, St. Nianians Island • up to 14 Pelamis machines with a combined rated power of 10MW • to be built in stages: 1st machines to be commissioned in 2014 • construction work potentially beginning in 2013 • agreement for lease from The Crown Estate in May 2011
© Fraunhofer IWES
Examples of study results for tidal and ocean currents
China: 50 TWh
South Korea: 100 GW („expected“)
Ireland: 230 TWh/a (theor.) 10 TWh/a (tech.)
UK: 31 TWh
France: 10 TWh
Norway: 3 TWh
USA: 115 TWh
Canada: >140 TWh
source:
BMT ARGOSS
Europe >54 TWh
© Fraunhofer IWES
Variety of tidal energy technologies
© Fraunhofer IWES
Ducted rotors
Clean Current
Race rock
project
Open hydro
Lunar
Energy
Alstom
Beluga 9
1 MW
turbine
© Fraunhofer IWES
Horizontal axis turbines
Hammerfest
Norway
Verdant
Power,
USA
Sabella
Turbine
Voith
Hydro
Turbine
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Marine Current Turbine: SEAGEN device
1.2 MW
twin rotor
Source: MCT, Siemens
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Ocean Energy projects “in the pipeline” in EU
EU 27 NREAP targets for 2020: 1880 MW, 6 TWh
UK: 1300 MW, Pt: 250 MW, F:140 MW, ES: 100 MW, IRE: 75 MW, It: 3 MW
Pentland Firth, CE Round 1
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Private investment into ocean energy
Who is involved:
1st generation investments: Utilities such as RWE, EON ,EDF, Vattenfall, Iberdrola, SSB, ESBI…
2nd generation investments: technology manufcaturing industries
Voith Hydro acquired Wavegen
Rolls-Royce acquired Tidal Generation Ltd.
Alstom has obtained a global technology licence agreement with Clean Current technology; deployment of a 1MW test project in Canada in 2012.
Siemens acquired a 10% stake in Marine Current Turbines.
ABB invested £8 million in Aquamarine Power for 15% of the company
ANDRITZ hydro acquired a 33% stake in Hammerfest Strøm AS, Norway
DCNS, the French naval architecture company, invested €14 million in OpenHydro
Renewable UK members survey:
Pelamis Wave Power, Marine Current Turbines, Aquamarine Power, Atlantis Resource Corporation, Luna Energy, Voith Hydro Wavegen, Voith Hydro OCT, Pulse Tidal, AWS Ocean
…a total of £230 million of private investment has been made,
with every £1 of public funding attracting £5.4 of private investment.
Source: Renewable UK, Wave and Tidal Energy in the UK - State of the industry report, 3/2011
© Fraunhofer IWES
Synergies, Hybrids and Combined Platforms
Wind/Wave/Tidal….
Spatial synergies: Sharing the area (Co-location)
Installation and infrastructure commonalities
grid connection
Installation equipment (vessels, jackups, …)
port infrastructure
O&M synergies
Process engineering synergies: hydrogen, desalination, other non-electrical
applications
Offshore Renewable Hybrids
Multipurpose Platform Concepts, “Energy Islands“
www.ORECCA.eu
© Fraunhofer IWES
What ORECCA delivers
Resource information (maps + WEBGIS)
for the 3 target areas (Wind, Wave, Tidal sites)
as well as combined resources
Vessel and port database
Project pipeline for offshore wind, wave and tidal
12 major reports (total ≈1000 pages):
Information on funding policies and incentives,
as well as investment opportunities
Technology state of the art of platform technologies
(Oil & Gas, Wind, OE) for realised and planned installations
Grid integration challenges and offshore grid initiatives
Design tools and standards
Offshore supply chain and infrastructure (ports, vessels etc.)
Synergies, hybrids and multipurpose platforms
Pan European Pan technology OREC platform road map
© Fraunhofer IWES
ORECCA WEBGIS: to be released towards the end of
Feb
© Fraunhofer IWES
Offshore supply chain and infrastructure
Graph: BVG Associates
Pre-Installation Installation Operation
Foundation Turbine Surveys
Geot&Env. Grid Substation
O&M visits
Port A Ports B+C Port A
Service Vessels Installation Vessels & Equipment, Offshore Grid
Service Vessels
www.orecca.eu
© Fraunhofer IWES
Ports: capacity building, local supply chain clusters…
Source: Uk Offshore port study, DECC 2009
www.orecca.eu
© Fraunhofer IWES
Installation: vessels & barges – synergies vs specialisation
Herbosch-Kiere
heavy lift crane vessel “Rambiz”
self propelled twin hulled,
3000 t crane capacity
Fugro Seacore jackup barge “Deep Diver”
100 t crane capacity, drilling equipment,
monopiles up to 3 m
www.orecca.eu
© Fraunhofer IWES
Offshore supply chain: 84 specialised vessels, jack-ups…data
sheets
© Fraunhofer IWES
Grid Integration Aspects: Subjects/items investigated
Generator concept
Power electronics
Grid requirements with respect to controllability
Requirements with respect to system dynamics
Connection between (floating/moving) energy conversion device to the fixed ocean
bottom
Transmission to shore (HV-DC/HV-AC)
Connection to the electrical main grid
www.orecca.eu
© Fraunhofer IWES
European offshore wind market development:
EWEA scenario and “project pipeline” Cumulated numbers of offshore wind turbines and installed capacities from 2000 to 2020
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
20082009
20102011
20122013
20142015
20162017
20182019
2020
year
tota
l nu
mb
er o
f w
ind
tu
rbin
es
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
75,000
80,000
85,000
tota
l ele
ctri
cal c
apac
ity
[MW
]
number of wind turbinesEWEA data capacityannounced capacity
Source: DENA, EWEA, 4C Offshore
© Fraunhofer IWES
Development phases of the EU offshore wind market
in terms of water depth (m) and distance to shore (km)
up to 2025
Water depth / distance to shore of European offshore wind farms up to 2026
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
average depth [m]
ave
rage
dis
tan
ce t
o s
ho
re [
km] 1991 - 2007
2008 - 2014
2015 - 2026 (GER)
2015 - 2026 (UK)
2015 - 2026 (others)
1st market
phase
announced floating projects
2nd market
phase
German EEZ
UK round3
WWW.ORECCA.EU
© Fraunhofer IWES
ORECCA offshore project database
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-75 75-100 >100
nu
mb
er
of
turb
ine
s
depth [m]
Foundation types of functional offshore wind turbines in certain depths
other/unknown
floating
bucket
tripile
tripod
jacket
gravity base
monopile
end of 2011:
• 1,371 turbines installed &grid connected
• 3,813 MW in
• 53 wind farms, 10 European countries
in 2011:
246 turbines were erected during 2011, 2.6 MW/d
81 of these turbines are awaiting grid connection.
© Fraunhofer IWES
Cumulated capacity of offshore wind farms in selected European countries
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
year
cap
acit
y [M
W]
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Italy
Sweden
Finland
Netherlands
Spain
Ireland
Denmark
Belgium
others
Cumulated capacity of offshore wind farms in selected European
countries
project pipeline data from 2011 to 2020
© Fraunhofer IWES
30 - 50 m
0 - 30 m
Areas suitable for offshore wind installations
in European seas
30 - 50 m
0 - 30 m
200 - 700 m
50 - 200 m
30 - 50 m
0 - 30 m
Map shows operational (green) offshore wind farms and planned (yellow) offshore wind farms
© Fraunhofer IWES
Share of offshore wind energy potential of selected countries
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
IE ES NO PT UK FR IT SE FI DK NL DE BE
>50 m water depth
0-50 m water depth
Offshore wind resources in Europe
EU electricity production:
2010 2020 2030
3250 TWh 3800 TWh 4250 TWh
< 50 m: ~ 3000 TWh
> 50 m: ~ 8000 TWh1
1max 700 m water depth, max. 200 km offshore, 20% of the area
© Fraunhofer IWES
Main floating wind turbine concepts
under investigation in Europe and US
Spar Tension Leg Platform Semi-Submersible
Source:, Drifwind Study , ECN et al. 2002
© Fraunhofer IWES
Cost for 5 MW offshore wind turbine foundations/platforms in specific water
depths
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
water depth [m]
cost
[m
illi
on
€]
Monopile
Jacket
Spar
Tension leg
Semi sub
Cost challenge in deep water
Manufacturing cost models for 5 MW turbine foundations (various sources)
bottom mounted foundations floating concepts
water depth [m]
© Fraunhofer IWES
Floating concepts: project examples
…and many more…
© Fraunhofer IWES
Main research topics:
• Floater and mooring systems
• Controls, power and grid
• Condition and structural
health monitoring
• Advanced rotor concepts
HiPRwind: Work plan
-> Increased scale
-> Improved reliability
-> Improved cost efficiency
1.5
MW
10 MW
© Fraunhofer IWES
HiPRwind: Project timeline
© Fraunhofer IWES
Scaling and optimsiation of the design for 10 MW
© Fraunhofer IWES
Floating Wind Projects &Timeline in Europe
increasing scale, investment and installed power
pre 1990 2000 2010 2020
HiPRWind
EOLIA
ELOMAR Drijf-
wind
Hywind
Windfloat EU Demo
projects
NER 300
25 MW farm
Prof.
Heronemus FLOAT
SWAY NOWERI
