OMA 2016
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Transcript of OMA 2016
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Harm Reduction Strategies for Chronic Pain Patients
Presented by Paul Coelho, MD
PM&R, Pain Medicine
Seaside Summit
Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Disclosures2
Dr. Coelho has nothing to disclose. I will not be discussing any off-label use.
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Table Of Contents3
1. The Opioid Epidemic
2. Risk Factors for Overdose
3. Risk Factors for Opioid Use Disorder (Addiction)
4. Harm Reduction Strategies
5. Sample Cases
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Overdose Deaths 2000-20154
http://www.realclearpolicy.com/blog/2015/12/21/guns_vs_cars_and_drugs_1500.html
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Overdose Deaths By Age5
www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a5.htm
0
2.75
5.5
8.25
11
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 >65
1999-2010
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Addiction Diagnosis by Age6
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032801/
0
10
20
30
40
18-30 31-40 41-50 51-64 >65
TROUP STUDY N = 570K
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
OR Medicaid Opioid Rx’s by Age7
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26766755
0
22.5
45
67.5
90
18-39 40-59 60-79 >80
Top 10% Prescribers Rx’d 80% of All Opioids
2013
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
13% Increase In ODD’s in OR 2013-20148
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/health_policy/AADR_drug_poisoning_involving_OA_Heroin_US_2000-2014.pdf
14% Nationally
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Opioid Overdose Deaths 20149
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/07/us/drug-overdose-deaths-in-the-us.html?smid=pl-share&_r=0
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Oregon Opioid Overdose Deaths 201410
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/07/us/drug-overdose-deaths-in-the-us.html?smid=pl-share&_r=0
A
BC
D
A.ClatsopB.MultnomahC.LincolnD.Lake
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Risk Factors for Overdose Death11
1.Opioid Dose ≥ 120mg Morphine/day (MED)2.Methadone ≥ 40mg/day 3.Opioids + Benzodiazepines/Sedatives4. ≥ 4 Prescribers or Pharmacies in 1yr
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Dose as a Risk Factor for Overdose Death12
https://www.aan.com/uploadedFiles/Website_Library_Assets/Documents/3.Practice_Management/2.Quality_Improvement/2.Patient_Safety/2.Patient_Safety_Education/C171 - Franklin.pdf
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Methadone as a Risk Factor for Overdose Death13
www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a5.htm
1/3rd of all Rx’d ODD
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Co-prescribed Benzodiazepines as a Risk Factor for Overdose Death14
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26890165
1/3rd of all Rx’d ODD
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
≥4 Pharmacies or Prescribers15
http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1840033
OR of ODD 6.5
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Selected Risk Factors for Addiction DMS-V “Opioid Use Disorder”
16
1.Age2.Length of Exposure3.Dose
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Inpatient Addiction Treatment By Age17
2013
http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/2013_Treatment_Episode_Data_Set_National/2003_2013_Treatment_Episode_Data_Set_National_Body.html
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Addiction Diagnosis by Age18
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032801/
0
10
20
30
40
18-30 31-40 41-50 51-64 >65
TROUP STUDY N = 570K
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
OR Medicaid Opioid Rx’s by Age19
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26766755
0
22.5
45
67.5
90
18-39 40-59 60-79 >80
Top 10% Prescribers Rx’d 80% of All Opioids
86% Age 18-59
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Length of Exposure ≥ 3mo20
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21751058
TROUP STUDY N = 570K
±70% Stay on Opioids 5yrs
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Risk of Dose & Length of Exposure21
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032801/
TROUP Study 570K Individuals 2000-2005
0-36mg37-120mg
>120mg
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Having That Difficult Conversation
Why Here? Why Now?
● In the last 10 years, there has been a 450% increase in the number of deaths from prescription drug overdoses
● There are currently more deaths per year from prescription drug overdoses than automobile accidents
● Oregon is leading the nation in non-medical use of prescription opioids
● In an effort to improve the safety of our patients and community we are changing the way chronic opioids are managed
Harm Reduction Strategies
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Identify At Risk Patients23
1. Morphine Equivalent Dose ≥ 120mg/day 2. Methadone 3. Opioid and co-prescribed benzodiazepine 4. Chronic opioid use [≥ 90days] 5. ≥ 4 or more Rx’ers or Pharmacies in 1yr
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Prescription Drug Monitoring Program24
http://www.orpdmp.com/health-care-provider/
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
PDMP Prescriber Dashboard25
1. ≥ 120MED2. Methadone ≥ 40mg3. Opioid ≥ 90d4. Opioid + Benzodiazepine5. Rx from ≥ 4 Prescribers or Pharmacies
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Prescription Drug Monitoring Program26
http://www.orpdmp.com/health-care-provider/
County MD/DO PDMP Accounts % Participation
Clatsop 116 18 16%
Columbia 30 7 23%
Tillamook 64 8 13%
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Opioid Dose Calculator27
http://agencymeddirectors.wa.gov/mobile.html
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Examples of 120MED28
Fentanyl 50ucgh/hr
Buprenorphine 4mg
*Methadone 40mg
Hydromorphone 30mg
Oxycodone/Oxycontin 80mg
Oxymorphone 40mg
Morphine 120mg
Codeine 800mg
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
MED > 90 Consider Rx’ing Nasal Naloxone29
1. SB 384 legalized for lay administration in 2013.2. Stock in your pharmacies.3. Some patients must pay out of pocket ($35.00 -$75.00.)
http://www.amphastar.com/assets/naloxone.pdf
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Consider a Data-2000 Waiver to Prescribe Buprenorphine
30
17K MD/DO in OR but only 400 with Wavier [2%]
http://projects.huffingtonpost.com/dying-to-be-free-heroin-treatment/opioid-abuse-outpace-treatment-capacity
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Buprenorphine31
1. A schedule III drug, partial mu agonist 2. FDA approved for both pain - Butrans/Belbuca - and addiction - Suboxone/Subutex. 3. Ceiling effect for respiratory suppression.
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Buprenorphine’s Ceiling Effect for Respiratory Suppression 32
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Buprenorphine & Overdose Deaths 33
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a5.htm
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Buprenorphine Substitution for High Dose Opioids34
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25220043
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Buprenorphine Is A Powerful Analgesic35
http://www.compoundchem.com/2014/09/25/painkillers/
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Having That Difficult Conversation
Why Here? Why Now?
● In the last 10 years, there has been a 450% increase in the number of deaths from prescription drug overdoses
● There are currently more deaths per year from prescription drug overdoses than automobile accidents
● Oregon is leading the nation in non-medical use of prescription opioids
● In an effort to improve the safety of our patients and community we are changing the way chronic opioids are managed
Sample Cases
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Case 1: Teresa37
75y/o retiree with diffuse OA. Lives alone in Seaside. Uses Oxycodone-APAP 10/325, five per day (MED 70). No h/o aberrant behavior or addiction.
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Case 1: Teresa38
Teresa reports that the medications give her comfort. She was started on her current dose years ago.
Recommendations: Continue as prescribed.
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Case 2: Cleatus39
68y/o retired logger with failed back surgery syndrome. Lives with spouse Rx’d Methadone 10mg (MED~120). No h/o addiction or aberrant behaviors.
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Case 2: Cleatus40
Recommendations: Call Cleatus & his spouse in. Explain that his dose and medication are both unsafe and will need to change. a. Prescribe nasal naloxone & train spouse in assembly and use. b. Offer a conversion to Morphine Sulfate ER 75mg QD (30,15,30) at his next refill.
http://www.slideshare.net/101N/opioid-withdrawal-attenuation-cocktail
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Case 3: Jane41
55y/o woman with FMS. Lives alone in Tillamook. Uses OxyContin 30mg PO BID (MED 80), and alprazolam 0.5mg po QID. No h/o aberrant behavior or addiction.
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Benzodiazepine Alternatives42
http://www.slideshare.net/101N/alternatives-to-benzodiazepines-60701295
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Case 3: Jane43
Recommendations: Call Jane in to clinic. Explain that the combination of alprazolam and Oxycodone is unsafe. a. Offer a conversion to clonazapam 2mg BID. b. Taper clonazepam by .5 -1mg/mo over 4-8mo. c. Offer non-benzodiazepine alternatives for anxiety/sleep/panic attacks.
www.slideshare.net/101N/alternatives-to-benzodiazepines-60678319
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Case 4: Luc44
49y/o married restaurant owner with chronic migraine. Prescribed Oxycodone 5mg BID, 30/mo over many years. No h/o addiction or aberrant behavior. Recent review of the PDMP with at a f/u visit reveals visits to 6 other prescribers over the past 3mo for opioids. Patient acknowledges that he is overusing pain medication and wants your help in getting off opioids entirely.
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Case 4: Luc45
Recommendations: Use your data-2000 waiver to offer Luc treatment of opioid use disorder. Stop opioids. a. Offer conversion to buprenorphine
(Suboxone/Subutex) with a planned 3mo taper off. (8mg QD, 4mgQD, 4mg QOD)
b. Offer an addiction counseling referral. c. Continue to see frequently for
followups with both urine or saliva drug screens and frequent checks of the PDMP to ensure adherence.
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Resources46
Alternatives to Benzodiazepines: http://www.slideshare.net/101N/alternatives-to-benzodiazepines-60701295
Oregon Prescription Drug Monitoring Signup: http://www.orpdmp.com/health-care-provider/
Free Buprenorphine X-Wavier Courses: Friday 4/29 Portland, OR & Thursday 5/19 Medford, OR, To register contact Marie Payment: [email protected]
Nasal Naloxone: http://www.amphastar.com/assets/naloxone.pdf http://www.narcannasalspray.com/nns-4-mg-dose/how-to-use-nns/
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Difficult Conversations & Harm Reduction Strategies
Resources47
Oregon Drug & Alcohol Services by County: https://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/publications/provider-directory.pdf
Oregon Pain Guidance May Conference: http://cmetracker.net/ASANTE/doSelectForm
Withdrawal Attenuation Cocktail: http://www.slideshare.net/101N/opioid-withdrawal-attenuation-cocktail
DMS-V Opioid Use Disorder Criteria http://www.slideshare.net/101N/dmsv-opioid-use-disorder-criteria