RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORM ASI AKADEMIK

BERBASIS WEB PADA

SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 2 LANDUNGSARI

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan untuk memenuhi

Persyaratan Guna Meraih Gelar Sarjana Strata 1

Teknik Informatika Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Disusun Oleh :

Aldy Satria Gumilar

201410370311056

PROGRAM STUDI INFORMATIKA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2020

i

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN

ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

iii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN

iv

KATA PENGANTAR

Dengan memanjatkan Puji Syukur kehadirat Penguasa Alam Semesta

beserta Isi-Nya, Allah SWT yang Maha Mengetahui dan yang Maha Memuliakan.

Shalawat serta salam terhadap Nabi Muhammad SAW, Penulis berhasil

menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir dengan judul “Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi

Akademik Berbasis Web di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 Landungsari”.

Melalui Kesempatan yang sangat berbahagia ini penulis menyampaikan

ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar – besarnya kepada pihak – pihak yang

memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap penyelesaian Tugas Akhir ini. Dengan sangat

berbangga hati penulis dapat meraih gelar Sarjana S -1 Komputer dalam Bidang

Studi informatika di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Oleh karena itu penulis

ingin memberikan ucapan terima kasih yang tulus kepada :

Allah SWT yang telah memberikan saya kekuatan, keinginan, dan

ilmunya untuk menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini.

Orang Tua yang telah memberikan dukungan dari segala aspek untuk

saya dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini.

Dekan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Ketua Jurusan Informatika.

Selaku Dosen Pembimbing.

Selaku Dosen Penguji.

Teman – Teman Seangkatan dan Seperjuangan.

Akhir kata, penulis memiliki keterbatasan ilm u dan kekurangan dalam

menulis karya penelitian ini mungkin masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Untuk itu

pembaca dapat memberikan saran dan kritik yang membantu membangun

penelitian – penelitian selanjutnya, akan sangat diterima dengan tangan terbuka.

Malang, 20 Desember 2019

Aldy Satria Gum ilar

v

ABSTRAK

Sistem informasi Akademik merupakan sistem yang memberikan informasi

mengenai riwayat Pendidikan siswa selama bersekolah di sekolah. Dalam hal ini

SDN 2 Landungsari sebagai tempat studi kasus, karena di sekolah tersebut belum

terimplementasi sebuah sistem informasi akademik yang memadai. Sistem ini

dibuat menggunakan metode waterfall saat pembangunannya dan dalam melakukan

pengumpulan kebutuhan dan eliminasinya menggunakan metode Mandatory,

Desirable, Inessential dan juga Metode Technical, Operational dan Economic.

Hingga dalam implementasinya menggunakan framework Laravel, dengan

struktural Model, View , Controller untuk mempermudah dan mempercepat

pembangunan. Pengujian yang dilakukan menggunakan pengujian Black Box dan

User Acceptance Test. Hingga hasil yang didapat sistem dapat diterima oleh tempat

studi kasus untuk digunakan sementara sebelum terdapat perubahan kurikulum.

Kata Kunci : Sistem infomasi Akademik; Metode MDI; Metode TOE; Framework

Laravel; UAT.

vi

ABSTRACT

Academic information system is a system that give information about

academic studies history when student in school. In this case Elementary School of

2 Landungsari as case studies place, because in this school not yet implemented a

academic information system. The system in this research developed using

waterfall method and collecting requirement and elim ination using Mandatory,

Desirable, Inessential Method and Technical, Operational and Econom ic Method.

The system implemented using Laravel framework with Model, View, Controller

structural for ease and expedite developing. The system had been tested using Black

Box Testing and User Acceptance Test. The result of after all developing in this

case can be accepted by case studies place for a while before curriculum changed.

Keyword: Academic Information System, MDI Method, TOE Method,

Laravel Framework

vii

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN .................................................................................i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ ii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ............................................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................iv

ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................vi

DAFTAR ISI .....................................................................................................vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ..........................................................................................xi

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................3

1.3. Batasan Masalah ....................................................................................3

1.4. Tujuan Penelitian...................................................................................4

1.5. Metodologi Penelitian ............................................................................5

1.5.1. Studi Literatur ................................................................................5

1.5.2. Analisa Kebutuhan Sistem ..............................................................5

1.5.3. Desain sistem .................................................................................5

1.5.4. Implementasi ..................................................................................5

1.5.5. Pengujian .......................................................................................6

1.5.6. Pembuatan Laporan ........................................................................6

1.6. Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................6

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .............................................................................. 8

2.1. Penelitian Terdahulu ..............................................................................8

2.2. Sistem .................................................................................................10

2.3. Sistem Akademik ................................................................................10

2.4. Sistem Informasi .................................................................................10

2.5. Sistem Informasi Akademik .................................................................11

2.6. Software Development Life Cycle .......................................................12

2.7. Model Pembangunan Waterfall ............................................................12

2.8. Elisitasi ...............................................................................................13

2.8.1. Metode MDI .................................................................................13

2.8.2. Metode TOE .................................................................................14

viii

2.9. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) .............................................................15

2.10. DBMS ( Database Management System) ..........................................15

2.11. Arsitektur MVC ( Model, View, Controller ) ....................................15

BAB III ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM ...................................... 17

3.1. Studi Kasus dan Studi Literatur ............................................................17

3.1.1. Studi Kasus ..................................................................................17

3.1.2. Studi Literatur ..............................................................................17

3.1.3. Analisis Masalah ..........................................................................18

3.2. Analisis Kebutuhan Sistem ..................................................................18

3.2.1. Observasi .....................................................................................19

3.2.2. Wawancara...................................................................................21

3.2.3. Hasil Elisitasi tahap 1 ...................................................................25

3.2.4. Hasil Pengumpulan data ...............................................................26

3.2.5. Hasil Analisis Kebutuhan Sistem ..................................................27

3.2.5.1. MDI ......................................................................................27

3.2.5.2. TOE ......................................................................................28

3.2.6. Final Draft ....................................................................................31

3.3. Desain Sistem ......................................................................................32

3.3.1. Use Case Diagram ........................................................................32

3.3.1.1. Skenario Use Case .................................................................34

3.3.1.1.1. Skenario Login dan Logout....................................................34

3.3.1.1.2. Skenario Kelola Data Siswa ...................................................35

3.3.1.1.3. Skenario Kelola Data Ekstrakulikuler ....................................35

3.3.1.1.4. Skenario Kelola Data Mata pelajaran .....................................36

3.3.1.1.5. Skenario Kelola Data Guru ....................................................37

3.3.1.1.6. Skenario Kelola Data Kelas ...................................................37

3.3.1.1.7. Skenario Catatan Siswa .........................................................38

3.3.1.1.8. Skenario Upload Dokumen Siswa ..........................................39

3.3.1.1.9. Skenario Kelola Data Kompetensi Dasar ................................39

3.3.1.1.10. Skenario Standar Nilai KKM ................................................40

3.3.1.1.11. Skenario Laporan .................................................................41

3.3.1.1.12. Skenario Kenaikan Kelas ......................................................41

3.3.1.1.13. Skenario Data Nilai Siswa ....................................................42

3.3.1.1.14. Skenario Nilai Mata Pelajaran...............................................42

ix

3.3.1.1.15. Skenario Melihat Data Kelas ................................................43

3.3.1.1.16. Skenario Melihat Data Siswa ................................................43

3.3.1.1.17. Skenario Melihat Data Nilai Siswa .......................................44

3.3.1.1.18. Skenario Melihat Raport Siswa .............................................44

3.3.1.1.19. Skenario Validasi Raport ......................................................45

3.3.2. Database .......................................................................................46

3.3.3. Activity Diagram ..........................................................................47

3.3.3.1. Activity Diagram Kelola Siswa ..............................................48

3.3.3.2. Activity Diagram Kelola Guru ...............................................49

3.3.3.3. Activity Diagram Kelola Ekstrakulikuler ...............................50

3.3.3.4. Activity Diagram Kelola Kom petensi Dasar ..........................51

3.3.3.5. Activity Diagram Kelola Mata Pelajaran ................................52

3.3.3.6. Activity Diagram Status Kenaikan Kelas ...............................53

3.3.4. Sequence Diagram ........................................................................53

3.3.4.1. Sequence Diagram Create Data ..............................................54

3.3.4.2. Sequence Diagram Read Data ................................................55

3.3.4.3. Sequence Diagram Edit Data .................................................55

3.3.4.4. Sequence Diagram Delete Data ..............................................56

3.3.4.5. Sequence Diagram Nilai Mata Pelajaran ................................56

3.3.4.6. Sequence Diagram Status Kenaikan Kelas .............................57

3.3.4.7. Sequence Diagram Raport Siswa ...........................................58

3.3.5. Class Diagram ..............................................................................59

3.3.6. Desain Antarmuka Sistem .............................................................60

3.3.6.1. Halaman Pencarian Informasi Siswa ......................................60

3.3.6.2. Halaman Hasil Pencarian Siswa .............................................60

3.3.6.3. Halaman Login ......................................................................61

3.3.6.4. Halaman Pengelolaan Data ....................................................61

3.3.6.5. Halaman Penilaian Siswa .......................................................63

BAB IV IMPLEMENTASI DAN PENGUJIAN SISTEM .................................. 65

4.1. Implementasi Sistem............................................................................65

4.1.1. Implementasi Program ..................................................................65

4.1.2. Perangkat Lunak yang Digunakan .................................................65

4.1.3. Imlementasi Sistem ......................................................................65

4.1.4. Implementasi Antar Muka ............................................................65

x

4.2. Pengujian Sistem .................................................................................86

4.2.1. Pengujian Blackbox ......................................................................86

4.2.2. Pengujian User Acceptance Test ...................................................97

BAB V PENUTUP .......................................................................................... 100

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 102

LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................... 105

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Visualisasi Sistem informasi. [17] ............................................. 11

Gambar 2. Pola Perputaran dari System Development Life Cycle [22] ........ 12

Gambar 3. Tahapan model pembangunan Waterfall [7] .............................. 13

Gambar 4. Ilustrasi Model, View, Controller [28] ....................................... 16

Gambar 5. Aplikasi Raport Kelas 3 semester Ganjil .................................... 19

Gambar 6. Aplikasi Raport Kelas 1 semester Genap ................................... 20

Gambar 7. KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) ........................................ 20

Gambar 8. Use-Case Diagram .................................................................... 33

Gambar 9. Conceptual Data Model ............................................................. 46

Gambar 10. Physical Data Model ................................................................. 47

Gambar 11. Activity Diagram Pengelolaan Data Siswa ................................. 48

Gambar 12. Activity Diagram Pengelolaan Data Guru .................................. 49

Gambar 13. Activity Diagram Pengelolaan Data Ekstrakulikuler .................. 50

Gambar 14. Activity Diagram Pengelolaan Data Kompetensi Dasar ............. 51

Gambar 15. Activity Diagram Pengelolaan Mata Pelajaran ........................... 52

Gambar 16. Activity Diagram Kenaikan Kelas ............................................. 53

Gambar 17. Sequence Diagram Create Data ................................................. 54

Gambar 18. Sequence Diagram Read Data ................................................... 55

Gambar 19. Sequence Diagram Edit Data ..................................................... 55

Gambar 20. Sequence Diagram Delete Data ................................................. 56

Gambar 21. Sequence Diagram Nilai Mata Pelajaran .................................... 57

Gambar 22. Sequence Diagram Status Kenaikan Kelas ................................. 58

Gambar 23. Sequence Diagram Raport Siswa ............................................... 58

Gambar 24. Class Diagram ........................................................................... 59

Gambar 25. Tampilan Halaman Pencarian Informasi Siswa .......................... 60

Gambar 26. Tampilan Halaman Pencarian Informasi Siswa .......................... 60

Gambar 27. Tampilan Halaman Login .......................................................... 61

Gambar 28. Tampilan Halaman Pengelolaan Data Guru ............................... 62

Gambar 29. Tampilan Halaman Pengelolaan Data Kelas .............................. 62

Gambar 30. Tampilan Halaman Pengelolaan Data KD .................................. 62

Gambar 31. Tampilan Halaman Pengelolaan Data Mata Pelajaran ................ 63

Gambar 32. Tampilan Halaman Pengelolaan Data Nilai Mata Pelajaran ........ 63

Gambar 33. Tampilan Halaman Pengelolaan Data Nilai................................ 64

xii

Gambar 34. Halaman Pencarian Siswa ......................................................... 66

Gambar 35. Tampilan Hasil Raport Siswa Halaman Depan ........................... 66

Gambar 36. Halaman Login User ................................................................. 67

Gambar 37. Menu utama user Administrator ................................................ 67

Gambar 38. Menu utama user Operator ........................................................ 68

Gambar 39. Menu utama user Guru Kelas .................................................... 68

Gambar 40. Menu utama Guru Mata pelajaran.............................................. 69

Gambar 41. Menu utama Kepala Sekolah ..................................................... 70

Gambar 42. Tampilan Read Data Siswa ........................................................ 71

Gambar 43. Tampilan Tambah Data Siswa ................................................... 71

Gambar 44. Tampilan Edit Data Siswa ......................................................... 71

Gambar 45. Tampilan Detail Data Siswa ...................................................... 72

Gambar 46. Tampilan Delete Data Siswa ..................................................... 72

Gambar 47. Tampilan Kenaikan Kelas Siswa ............................................... 72

Gambar 48. Tampilan Data Nilai Siswa ........................................................ 73

Gambar 49. Tampilan Nilai Raport Siswa ..................................................... 73

Gambar 50. Tampilan Tambah Data Kelas ................................................... 74

Gambar 51. Tampilan Read Data Kelas ........................................................ 74

Gambar 52. Tampilan Edit Data Kelas ......................................................... 74

Gambar 53. Tampilan Hapus Data Kelas ...................................................... 75

Gambar 54. Tampilan Detail Data kelas ....................................................... 75

Gambar 55. Tampilan Tambah Data Ekstrakulikuler..................................... 76

Gambar 56. Tampilan Read Data Ekstrakulikuler ......................................... 76

Gambar 57. Tampilan Edit Data Ekstrakulikuler ........................................... 76

Gambar 58. Tampilan Hapus Data Ekstrakulikuler ....................................... 77

Gambar 59. Tampilan Detail Data Ekstrakulikuler ........................................ 77

Gambar 60. Tampilan Tambah Data Guru .................................................... 78

Gambar 61. Tampilan Read Data Guru ......................................................... 78

Gambar 62. Tampilan Edit Data Guru .......................................................... 79

Gambar 63. Tampilan Hapus Data Guru ....................................................... 79

Gambar 64. Tampilan Detail Data Guru ....................................................... 79

Gambar 65. Tampilan Tambah Mata Pelajaran ............................................. 80

Gambar 66. Tampilan Read Data Mata Pelajaran .......................................... 80

Gambar 67. Edit Data Mata Pelajaran ........................................................... 80

xiii

Gambar 68. Tampilan Hapus Data Mata Pelajaran ........................................ 81

Gambar 69. Tampilan Detail Data Mata Pelajaran ........................................ 81

Gambar 70. Tampilan Tambah Data Kompetensi Dasar ................................ 82

Gambar 71. Tampilan Read Data Kompetensi Dasar .................................... 82

Gambar 72. Tampilan Edit Data Kompetensi Dasar ...................................... 83

Gambar 73. Tampilan Hapus Data Kompetensi Dasar................................... 83

Gambar 74. Tampilan Detail Data Kompetensi Dasar ................................... 83

Gambar 75. Tampilan Data Profil Sekolah .................................................... 84

Gambar 76. Tampilan Tambah Data Akun.................................................... 84

Gambar 77. Tampilan Read Data Akun ........................................................ 85

Gambar 78. Tampilan Edit Data Akun .......................................................... 85

Gambar 79. Tampilan Hapus Data Akun ...................................................... 85

xiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Proses wawancara dengan operator sekolah ................................... 22

Tabel 2. Hasil elisitasi kebutuhan tahap 1 .................................................... 25

Tabel 3. Identifikasi user............................................................................. 26

Tabel 4. Elisitasi tahap II dengan Metode MDI ........................................... 27

Tabel 5. Elisitasi tahap II dengan Metode TOE ........................................... 29

Tabel 6. Final Draft .................................................................................... 31

Tabel 7. Skenario Use case Login dan Logout ............................................. 34

Tabel 8. Skenario Use case Kelola Data Siswa ............................................ 35

Tabel 9. Skenario Use case Kelola Data Ektrakulikuler ............................... 35

Tabel 10. Skenario Use case Kelola Data Mata Pelajaran .............................. 36

Tabel 11. Skenario Use case Kelola Data Guru ............................................. 37

Tabel 12. Skenario Use case Kelola Data Kelas ............................................ 37

Tabel 13. Skenario Use case Catatan Siswa .................................................. 38

Tabel 14. Skenario Use case Upload Dokumen Siswa .................................. 39

Tabel 15. Skenario Use case Kelola Kompetensi Dasar ................................ 39

Tabel 16. Skenario Use case Standar Nilai KKM .......................................... 40

Tabel 17. Skenario Use case Laporan ........................................................... 41

Tabel 18. Skenario Use case Kenaikan Kelas ............................................... 41

Tabel 19. Skenario Use case Data Nilai Siswa .............................................. 42

Tabel 20. Skenario Use case Nilai Mata Pelajaran ........................................ 42

Tabel 21. Skenario Use case Melihat Data Kelas .......................................... 43

Tabel 22. Skenario Use case Melihat Data Siswa .......................................... 43

Tabel 23. Skenario Use case Melihat Nilai Siswa ......................................... 44

Tabel 24. Skenario Use case Melihat Raport Siswa ...................................... 44

Tabel 25. Skenario Use case Validasi Raport ................................................ 45

Tabel 26. Kebutuhan Non-fungsional ........................................................... 45

Tabel 27. Rencana Pengujian ....................................................................... 86

Tabel 28. Pengujian Login User Data Uji Nornal .......................................... 88

Tabel 29. Pengujian Login User Data Uji Salah ............................................ 88

Tabel 30. Pengujian Pengolahan Data Siswa ................................................ 89

Tabel 31. Pengujian Pengolahan Data Guru .................................................. 90

Tabel 32. Pengujian Pengolahan Data Kelas ................................................. 91

Tabel 33. Pengujian Pengolahan Data Mata Pelajaran................................... 92

xv

Tabel 34. Pengujian Pengolahan Data Ekstrakulikuler .................................. 93

Tabel 35. Pengujian Pengolahan Data Kompetensi Dasar ............................. 94

Tabel 36. Pengujian Standar Kelulusan ........................................................ 95

Tabel 37. Pengujian Kenaikan Kelas ............................................................ 95

Tabel 38. Pengujian Rata – Rata Nilai .......................................................... 96

Tabel 39. Pengujian Pengolahan Data Nilai Siswa ........................................ 96

Tabel 40. Pengujian Pengolahan Data Catatan Siswa .................................... 96

Tabel 41. Pengujian Mencetak Raport Siswa ................................................ 97

Tabel 42. Pengujian Rangkuman Siswa ........................................................ 97

Tabel 43. Pengujian Nilai Mata Pelajaran ..................................................... 97

Tabel 44. Pengujian User Acceptance Test ................................................... 98

102

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