Report WLAN

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PROJECT REPORT

ON

PROJECT TITLE

By


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Name of the students

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SARDAR VALLABHABHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY VASAD-

388306

2007 - 2008

PROJECT REPORT

ON

PROJECT TITLE


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By

Name of the students

Guided by

Mr. Name of guide

Designation


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388306

2007 - 2008


388306


CERTIFICATE


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This is to certify that the project entitled PROJECT TITLE has been carried out by NAME OF THE

STUDENTS under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in

Computer Engineering of Gujarat University, Ahemdabad the academic year 2007-2008. To the

best of my knowledge and belief this work has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any

other degree.

Guide Examiner Head of the Department

Mr. Dr S.K.Vij

Principal

Dr T.L.Popat


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


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PAGE INDEX

Topic PageNo.

ABSTRACT

1. TITLE OF CHAPTER ONE

1.1 HEADING

1.2 HEADING

2. TITLE OF CHAPTER TWO

2.1 HEADING

2.2 HEADING

:

:


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:

:

:

N-1

N. CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX A POWER POINT SLIDES

APPENDIX B USER MANUAL

APPENDIX C


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TABLE INDEX

Table PageNo.

1.1 Table 1 About

1.2 Table 2 About


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2.1 Table 3 About

2.2 Table 4 About

: :

: :

: :

N Table N About


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FIGURE INDEX

Figure PageNo.

1.1 Figure 1 About


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1.2 Figure 2 About

2.1 Figure 3 About

2.2 Figure 4 About

: :

: :

: :

N Figure N About


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] G.K.Patnaik and M.M. Gore, Design of Compiler forMobile Environment

and its formalization using Evolving Algebra , proceedings of 3rd

IEEE

International Conference on Mobile Data Management, Singapore, January

2002, PP 159-160.

[2] Author Guidelines, http://. computer.org/cspress/instruct.htm


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ABSTRACT

A wireless local area network (LAN) is a flexible data

communications system implemented as an extension to, or as an alternative

for, a wired LAN. Using radio frequency (RF) technology, wireless LANs

transmit and receive data over the air, minimizing the need for wi red

connections. Thus, wireless LANs combine data connectivity with user

mobility.

Unfortunately, wireless networking is a double-edged sword. WLANs

use electromagnetic waves to transmit information, the radio waves can easily

penetrate outside the building, its a risk that the network can be hacked. So

its very important to put enough attention on the WLANs security aspects.

Following is the list of the topics which will be covered during the Seminar :

y Introduction to WLAN

y WLAN Requirements .

y Configuration of WLAN :

y Types of WLAN .

y Radio Transmission of WLAN

y WLAN Technologies .

y Deployment of WLAN .

y Working of WLAN .

y Services of WLAN .

y Security of WLAN .

y Benefits of WLAN .

y WLAN Limitations .

y Application of WLAN.


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Planning your network with WLAN and save a lot of expense and

inconvenience later, by considering the following factors:

y Security Requirements.

y Bandwidth Requirements.

y Environmental factors that may interfere with wireless transmission.

y Ease of installation.

y Total number of network users.

y Number of laptop users who will want wireless connection.


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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS LAN

1.INTRODUCTION

A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN ) is a flexible data

communication system implemented as an extension to ,or as an

alternative for a Wired LAN.

A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a flexible data

communications system implemented as an extension to , or as an alternativefor, a wired LAN. Using Radio Frequency (RF) technology, Wireless LANs

transmit and receive data over the air, minimizing the need for wiredconnections. Thus, wireless LANs combine data connectivity with user

mobility.

1.1. Computer Networks:The term Computer Network to mean a collection of autonomous

computers interconnected by a single technology .By this interconnection they

are able to exchange information. Local Area Networks are privately owned

networks within a single building or campus of few kilometers in size. In a

traditional LAN we are connecting computers to the network through cables.

But the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a flexible data

communications system that can use either infrared or radio frequency

technology to transmit and receive information over the air.

As the name suggests a wireless LAN is one that makes use of

wireless transmission medium, i.e. wireless LAN transmits and receives data

over air, and minimizing the need for the wired connection. Thus wi reless

LAN combines data connectivity with user mobility. WLANs also allow

greater flexibility and portability than traditional wired LAN which requires a

wire to connect a user computer to the network. The initial cost for WLAN

hardware can be higher than the cost of wired LAN hardware. But the overall

installation expenses and lifecycle cost can be significantly lower.


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CHAPTER-2

WIRELESS LAN REQUIREMENTS.

2. INTRODUCTION

A wireless LAN must meet some sort of requirements typical of any

LAN such as High capability, Ability to cover short distances, Full

connectivity among attached stations etc. In addition there are no of

requirement specific to wireless LAN environment such as Throughput, No of

Nodes, Service Area, Connection to Back-bone LAN, Battery and Power

Consumption, Transmission Robustness and Security etc.

2.1. Throughput

As with wired LAN systems, actual throughput in wireless LANs is product and set-up-dependent. Factors that affect throughput include the

number of users, propagation factors such as range and multipath, the type ofwireless LAN system used.Wireless LANs provide throughput sufficient for

the most common LAN-based office applications, including electronic mail

exchange, access to shared peripherals, Internet access, and access to multi-user databases and applications.

2.2 No Of Nodes in the Network

The wireless LAN may need to support hundreds of nodes across

multiple cells.

2.3 Service Area

A typical coverage area for WLAN has a diameter of 100 to 300 meters.

2.4 Connection to Back-bone LAN

For infrastructure WLAN this is easily accomplished through the access

points (AP) that connect to both type of LAN .


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2.5 Battery & Power Consumption

Mobile workers use battery and powered work stations that need to

have a long battery life cycle when used with wireless adapters. Typical

wireless LAN implementations have features to reduce power consumptions

while not using the network, such as sleep mode.

2.6 Transmission Security and Robustness

Unless properly design a WLAN may be interference prone and easily

eavesdropped. The design of a WLAN must permit reliable transmission even

in noisy environment and should provide some level of security from

eavesdropping.


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CHAPTER-3

WIRELESS LAN COMPONENTS

3. Introduction

A Wireless LAN generally comprises of two types of components

namely : Wireless Station & Access Point(AP).

3.1. A Wireless Station

A wireless station or client is typically a laptop or notebook personal

computer (PC) with Wireless Network Interface Card (NIC). A WLAN client

may also be a desktop or handheld device within publicly addressed area.

Wireless laptops and notebooks-Wireless enabled-are identical to laptops

and notebooks except that they use Wireless NIC to conn ect to the access point

(AP) in the network.

The Wireless Network Interface Card (NIC) is commonly inserted in the

clients Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

(PCMCIA) slot or Universal Serial Bus (USB) port. The NIC use radio signals

to establish connection to the WLAN. It is also called wireless adapter or

WLAN cards.

3.2. ACCESS POINT

It acts as a bridge between the wireless and wired network interface suchas 802.3 and bridging software .The access point (AP) functions as a base

station for the wireless network aggregating multiple wireless stations to thewired network. The access point (AP) is a stationary device that is a part ofwired LAN.


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CHAPTER-4

WIRELESS LAN CONFIGURATION

4. INTRODUCTION TO WLAN CONFIGURATION

The configuration the Wireless LAN consists of the network with base

station and the network without the base station. The network with the base

station is called is called Infrastructure mode network and the network

without the base station is called the AD-hoc network.

4.1. TYPES OF NETWORKS

Generally there are two types of networks under this category

which are states as : Infrastructure mode network and AD-hoc network.

Following are the details of these networks.

4.1. INFRASTRUCTURE MODE NETWORK

For larger installations or for use in larger buildings, choose aninfrastructure-mode wireless network. Each workstation communicates with an

access point rather than directly with another workstation. Infrastructure mode

is suitable for small-to-medium-sized wireless networks, but may not offer

enough bandwidth for networks with heavy traffic. And, as with the ad-hoc

network, security is still a concern. Thus, we can conclude from the above

statements that in an Infrastructure mode network ,

Communication is done via Access Point.

Access Point manages the Network Traffic.

The Infrastructure is meant to extend the range of the wired LAN to

Wireless LAN cells. A laptop or other moving device may move from cells to

cell (from AP to AP) while maintaining access to resources of the LAN. This

network is useful for providing wireless coverage of building or campus area.

A WLAN environment has wireless client station that use radio modems to


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communicate to an access point (AP). By deploying multiple Access Points

with overlapping coverage areas organizations can achieve broad netwo rk

coverage. WLAN technology can be used to replace wired LAN totally end to

extend LAN infrastructure.

The following figure shows the Infrastructure Mode Network :

4.2. AD-hoc NETWORK

In ad-hoc mode, your computers talk directly to each other and do not

need an access point. Access point is the device which can communicate to

remote computer directly. Each workstation relates on a peer -to-peer basis

with other workstations. You can add a wireless broadband router to an ad-hoc

network to provide Internet access to computers on the network. An ad -hoc

network is suitable only for very small installations where security is not an

issue. Thus we can conclude from the above statements that in a AD-hocmode Network :

There is Direct Communication between users.

And the Sender routes the data to destination.


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In this architecture, client stations are grouped in to a single geographic area.

Eg:In the same room. The interconnected devices in the Ad hoc mode arereferred to as Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The Ad hoc configurationis similar to a peer-to-peer office network in which no node is required to

function as a server. As an Adhoc WLAN, laptops, desktops and other devices

can share files without the use of an access point (AP).

The following figure shows the AD-hoc Network :


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CHAPTER-5

TYPES OF WIRELESS LAN NETWORKS

5. INTRODUCTION

Basically there are four types of wireless networks which are stated as

below :

y Peer to Peer network.

y Network with the Client and access point.

y Multiple Access point and the extension point.

y

Network with Directional Antenna.

The details of the types of the wireless network is discussed

below.

5.1. Peer to Peer Network

Wireless LANs can be simple or complex. At its most basic, two PCs

equipped with wireless adapter cards can set up an independent network whenever

they are within range of one another. This is called a peer-to-peer network. On-

demand networks such as in this example require n o administration orpreconfiguration. In this case each client would only have access to the resources of

the other client and not to a central server.

Peer to Peer Network is shown below in figure as :


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5.2. Network with the Client and the Access Point

Installing an access point can extend the range of an ad hoc network,

effectively doubling the range at which the devices can communicate. Sincethe access point is connected to the wired network each client would have

access to server resources as well as to other clients. Each access point canaccommodate many clients; the specific number depends on the number andnature of the transmissions involved. Many real -world applications exist wherea single access point services from 15-50 client devices.A network with the Client and Access Point is shown below :

5.3. A Network with the Multiple Access Point and an Extension

Point.

Access points have a finite range, on the order of 500 feet indoor and

1000 feet outdoors. In a very large facility such as a warehouse, or on a college

campus it will probably be necessary to install more than one access point.

Access point positioning is accomplished by means of a site survey.

Sometimes it is possible that an area with in a building, college campusor industrial complex may not have a wired LAN that supports the installation

of the access point, an alternative method is to employ an extension point. Anextension point may be considered as being similar to a repeater, extendi ng therange of wireless access to a LAN by relaying signals from a client to an

access point.


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Both multiple access points and extension points can be used to extend

wireless LAN access capabilities over a relatively large area. For either or both

devices, their use enables clients to move within a large geographic area, in

effect providing notebooks and PDAs with roaming capabilities.

The Network with the Multiple Access Point is shown below :

The Network with the Extension Point is shown below as :


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5.4. A Network with the Directional Anteena

One last item of wireless LAN equipment to consider is the directional

antenna. Lets suppose you had a wireless LAN in your building A and wantedto extend it to a leased building, B, one mile away. One solut ion might be to

install a directional antenna on each building, each antenna targeting the other.The antenna on A is connected to your wired network via an access point. Theantenna on B is similarly connected to an access point in that building, whichenables wireless LAN connectivity in that facility.

A Network with the Directional Antenna is shown below :


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CHAPTER-6

WIRELESS LAN TECHNOLOGIES

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