vkf’ou ls ekxZ’kh”kZ] foØeh laor~ 2077] ;qxkCn 5122

fo|k Hkkjrh iznhfidk

1vDVwcj ls fnlEcj 2020 vkf’ou ls ekxZ’kh"kZ] foØeh laor~ 2077

fo|k Hkkjrh iznhfidkvDVwcj ls fnlacj 2020 o"kZ 41 vad 1 ewY;% ₹35@&

vkf’ou ls ekxZ’kh”kZ] foØeh laor~ 2077] ;qxkCn 5122

jk”Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr % fn’kk vkSj n``f”V | f'k'kq ls ek/;fed rd dh f’k{kk | Hkkjr esa f’k{kk uhfr;k¡ | jk”Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr ^^lk fo|k ;k ++ + + +

NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY – 2020: STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION | Understanding Hindutva with ’Right’ perspective!!



fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku dh vf[ky Hkkjrh; lk/kkj.k lHkk dh cSBd&xkft;kckn esa eapklhu vf/kdkjh&oÙn

fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku dh vf[ky Hkkjrh; fo"k; la;kstdksa dh cSBd&xkft;kckn esa eapklhu vf/kdkjh&oÙn

fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku dh vf[ky Hkkjrh; lk/kkj.k lHkk dh cSBd&xkft;kckn esa Hkkx ysrs izfrHkkxh&oÙn

fo|k Hkkjrh iznhfidk¼fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f’k{kk laLFkku dh =Sekfld if=dk½

vDVwcj ls fnlacj 2020 vkf'ou ls ekxZ'kh"kZ] foØe laor~ &2077] ;qxkCn & 5122 ewY; 35@&# +

vuqØef.kdklEikndh; MkW +yfyr fcgkjh xksLokeh 4

jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr % fn’kk vkSj n``f"V izks +xksfoUn izlkn ’kekZ 5

fo’oxq# Hkkjr ds fy, jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr Jh eqdqy dkfuVdj 8

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 ,oe~ Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,¡ Jh vrqy dksBkjh 11

jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr ^^lk fo|k ;k + + + + MkW + fidsa’kyrk j?kqoa’kh 14

euksfoKku ds ifjisz{; eas jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020 Jh y{ehukjk;.k Hkkyk 17

f'k'kq ls ek/;fed rd dh f’k{kk Jh ds’ko dqekj ’kekZ 20

jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr % rduhdh f’k{kk esa cnyko dh vko’;drk izks +ohjsUnz fot; 23

jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr % f’k{kd f’k{kk MkW +bUæiky 'kekZ o MkW +lqcks/k dqekj 26

Eksjk Hkkjr] esjh f'k{kk%vf[ky Hkkjrh; dk;ZØe Jh jfo dqekj 29

Hkkjr esa f’k{kk uhfr;k¡ o vk;ksxksa dk xBu Jh riu dqekj 32

gkj dh thr Jh lqn'kZu 36

Jh jke tUeHkwfe % v;ksè;k Jh fefyUn ijk.Ms 38

Jh jke tUeHkwfe vkUnksyu % ,d n`f"V Jh eukst oekZ 40

dksjksuk vkSj Hkkjrh; thou'kSyh Jh oklqnso iztkifr 42

jk"Vªh; ,drk o lekftd lejlrk ds iqjks/kk % Jh eksjksiar fiaxys Jh dkS'kys'k dqekj mikè;k; 46

National Education Policy – 2020 : Strategy for Implementation Shri D. Ramakrishna Rao 47

Parental Engagement in Learning & School Education Shri Narshingh Saharawat 51

Covid 19 – Challenges to Leadership Dr. Umamaheswara Rao 53

China Communist or Expansionist Shri Rajender Kumar Shastri 56

ECO-Brick – Combating Plastic Waste Shri Niyati Sharma 59

Understanding Hindutva with 'Right' perspective!! Shri Prashant Barthwal 61

vf[ky Hkkjrh; lk/kkj.k lHkk cSBd lEiUu laf{kIr izfrosnu 64

vkoj.k % xSfjdoluk Hkkjrekrk] lqizfl) fp=dkj vouhUnz ukFk Bkdqj }kjk Lons'kh Hkkouk ls lu~ 1905 bZ + esa cuk;k x;k fp=A pkj Hkqtkvksa esa iqLrd] èkku dh ckyh] oL= ,oa tiekykA

ekxZn’kZd MkW + xksfoUn izlkn ’kekZJh Mh +jked``".k jkoJh fnyhi csrdsdj MkW +jek feJkMkW +johUnz dkUgsjs

lEiknd MkW +yfyr fcgkjh xksLokeh

lEiknd e.MyJh jktsUnz flag c?ksyMkW +v#.k feJJh oklqnso iztkifrMkW + iou ’kekZ

laiknu lgk;d dkS’kys’k dqekj mik/;k;

vkoj.k lTtkekfj¸;kIik ekfVZu

izdk’ku dk;kZy;izKk lnu] xks +yk ++=s +ljLorh cky eafnj ifjlj] egkRek xka/kh ekxZ] usg: uxj] ubZ fnYyh &110065Qksu ua +011-29840126,29840013bZesy&[email protected]

lnL;rk ’kqYdokf"kZd ’kqYd& 120/&#-nl o"khZ; ’kqYd& 800/&#-

’kqYd jkf’k ^fo|k Hkkjrh iznhfidk* ds cpr [kkrk Ø- 1130307980 lsUVªy cSad vkWQ bf.M;k] IFSC-CBIN0283940 czkap usg: uxj] ubZ fnYyh esa tek dj] Ik= }kjk dk;kZy; dks lwfpr djsaA

eqnz.k& tsfufll fizaVj] lh 74, vks[kyk MLVªh;y ,fj;k] Qsl&1, ubZ fnYyh&110020

iznhfidk esa izdkf’kr fopkj jpukdkjksa ds gSa] if=dk dh lgefr vko’;d ugha gSA



cgqizrhf{kr jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk vR;ar lq[kn ,oa vk'ofLrdj gS] blfy, ugha fd yxHkx pkSFkkbZ lnh ds ckn bl egÙoiw.kZ fo"k; ij uhfr&fu.kZ; ysus dh lq/k uhfr&fu;arkvksa dks vkbZ vfirq blfy, fd uhfr&fu/kkZj.k esa dksbZ tYnckth ugha dh xbZA 2015 esa f'k{kk eas ifjorZu dh vkdka{kk gqbZ rc iwjs ns'k esa izkFkfed d{kkvksa dks i<+kus okys vkpk;ksZa ls ysdj fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds izkè;kidksa] dqyifr;ksa rd ds] blds fofHkUUk Lrjksa vkSj vk;keksa ij vxf.kr xksf"B;ksa eas xgu vkSj O;kid fopkj&eaFku ls fu"iUu fu"d"kksaZ dks bldh vk/kkjHkwfe ds :Ik esa izfrf"Br fd;k x;kA u dsoy vkpk;ksZa] if.Mrksa ds O;kogkfjd lq>ko vfirq fo|kfFkZ;ksa] vfHkHkkodksa lfgr lekt ds fparu'khy cqf)thoh oxZ dh vk'kkvksa] vkdka{kkvksa ls blds fHkfÙk;ksa dks rS;kj fd;k x;kA izfl) oSKkfud Jh ds +dLrwjhjaxu ljh[ks vuqHkofl) ew/kZU; egkuqHkkoksa us bldk dy'k j[kk] blds :Ik dks l¡okjkA jk"Vª ,oa ekuork ds izfr vfr'k; vkxk/k J)k j[kus okys jktiq#"kksa us viuh lg"kZ Lohd`fr ns] jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 dks] jk"Vª dks lefiZr fd;kA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 de ls de ik¡p o"kZ ds lc izdkj ds ifjJe dk ifj.kke gS vkSj blfy, lq[kn vkSj vk'ofLrdj gSA ;g fcYdqy Hkh cM+cksykiu ugha gS fd blesa fo|k Hkkjrh vkSj lefopkjh laxBuksa dks cgqr cM+k Js; tkrk gSA

fdlh Hkh jk"Vªh; uhfr ds ihNs mldk yEck bfrgkl] bfrgkl cks/k] iwoZtksa dk Js;Ldj xgu fparu] euu] eaFku] mlls mn~Hkwr fl)kar] dBksj ri'p;kZ }kjk mu fl)karksa ds vuq:Ik cuk;k x;k thou&O;ogkj gksrk gSA ,d 'kCn esa dgsa rks ;g ^jk"Vªh; fpfr* gSA ,slh jk"Vªh; uhfr dk la/kku jk"Vª ds izfr vxk/k fu"Bk j[kus okys egkeuk gh dj ikrs gSa vkSj blds fØ;kUo;u dh lkeF;Z Hkh fl)karksa ij vfMx egkuqHkkoksa esa gh gksrh gSA lkSHkkX; ls vkt vius ns'k esa lÙkk ds 'kh"kZ ls ysdj fofo/k laLFkkvksa ds gj lksiku ij ,sls euh"kh fo|eku gSaA

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr izkjEHk ls ysdj mPprj Lrj rd ckyd dh f'k{kk ds lexz] lesfdr :Ik dks è;ku esa j[kdj pyrh gSA 5+3+3+4 xf.kr ds ;s vad ckyd ds fodkl ds fy, vR;ar vko';d fdaok vfuok;Z gaSA ckyd ds vyx&vyx vk;qoxZ eas curh] fodflr gksrh 'kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj ckSf)d voLFkkvksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj fd, x, foHkkx gSaA d{kk&d{k esa dh xbZ i<+kbZ (Class-room teaching) ds vfrfjDr [ksy] fØ;kRed xfrfof/k vkSj [kkst vk/kkfjr f'k{kk ds egÙo dh Lohd`fr vkSj fØ;kUo;u ls ckyd esa fufgr lEiw.kZ ;ksX;rk] {kerk] izfrHkk ds lgh vFkksZa esa izLQqVu dk ekxZ iz'kLr gksxk] blesa fdafpr~ Hkh lansg ugha gSA

blh izdkj mPprj f'k{kk eas lekt ds fy, mi;ksxh vkSj lq[kdj vuqla/kku ij Ik;kZIr cy fn;k x;k gSA blds fy, varj&fo"k;d vuqla/kku] uokpkj] jpukRedrk vkSj Kku&l``tu dh laLd``fr ds fodkl dh ckr dh xbZ gSA ;g vuqla/kku Hkkjr dh d``f"k] fpfdRlk vkfn fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds ,sfrgkfld vonku dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, gks] bl ns'k dh ekVh ls tqM+k gqvk gks] bl ns'k vkSj lEiw.kZ ekuork ds lq[k dk fo/kku djus okyk gksA

ekud Ldwyh f'k{kk vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ Hkfo";ksUeq[kh f'k{kk O;oLFkk gsrq rRijrk ls izLrqr jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr lHkh i{kksa vkSj vk;keksa dks vius n``f"ViFk ij cM+h Li"Vrk ls j[krh gS og pkgs f'k{kd f'k{kk gks] O;kolkf;d f'k{kk gks] izkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx djrs gq, fMftVy]vkWuykbu f'k{kk gks ;k dkS'ky fodkl ds fy, gks vkSj pkgs Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa] dyk] laLd`fr ds lao/kZu ds fy, gh D;ksa u gksA

blds fy, fu;ked laLFkkvkas ds vkt ds Lo:Ik esa ØkfUrdkjh ifjorZu vkSj u, :Ik esa] u, nkf;Ùoksa dk ogu dj ldus okyh ubZ fu;ked laLFkkvksa ds xBu ij Hkh lqLi"V fopkj vkSj uhfr bl jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ds oSf'k"V~; cu tkrs gSaA f'k{kk {ks= esa lefiZr Hkko ls fofo/k Ikz;ksx djrs gq, izkekf.kdrk ls vuojr dke djus okyh] HkkjrdsfUnzr n``f"V dks izeq[krk nsus okyh ^fo|k Hkkjrh* dh if=dk ^fo|k Hkkjrh iznhfidk* dk ;g vad jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 ds fofo/k i{kksa vkSj vk;keksa dks f'k{kk {ks= esa lrr dk;Z djus okys T;s"B] Js"B fopkjoku~ ys[kdksa dh dye ds ekè;e ls izLrqr dj jgh gSA vkxkeh vad esa Hkh blls lacaf/kr dfri; lkexzh jgsxhA

vkt ds Toyar vU; fo"k; ;Fkk v;ks/;k] phu] dksjksukokbjl] Ik;kZoj.k vkfn Hkh vkuq"kafxd :Ik ls bl vad esa gSaA

vk ifjrks"kkn~ fonq"kka ++ + + + +

MkW +yfyr fcgkjh xksLokeh

lEikndh;



jk”Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr % fn’kk vkSj n``f”V

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr

izks +xksfoUn izlkn ’kekZ

vè;{k] jk"Vªh; iqLrd U;kl] fnYyh

lqizfl) fpard o fopkjd]

f'k{kkfon~] Hkkjrh; f'k{kk ds fo'ks"kK

iwoZ vè;{k] fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh]

iw+oZ vè;{k] fo|k Hkkjrh

vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku

laidZeks- 9425430172

orZeku Hkkjrh; f’k{kk iz.kkyh vkSifuos’k dky dh nsu gSA tc ge ijk/khu Fks rc vkØkUrkvksa us vius vkSifuosf’kd fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, bl f’k{kk iz.kkyh dks izkjEHk fd;k FkkA ml le; f’k{kk ds y{; vkSj fot+u ¼n``f"V½ lhfer {ks= ds fy, gh FkkA

vc ge ,d Lora= ns’k gaS] ijUrq Lora=rk ds ckn yxHkx 74 o"kZ rd Hkh ge vius ns’k dh f’k{kk iz.kkyh dks Lora= ns’k dh vk’kkvksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa ds lkFk tksM+ ugha ldsA f’k{kk dks lkekftd mís’;ksa] Hkkjrh; ifjos’k vkSj jk"Vªh; xkSjo ds lkFk tksM+us dh gekjh igy vdknfed vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ,d vPNh cgl dk fo"k; rks jgh ij og izHkkoh ifj.kke ugha ns ldhA

oLrqr% Lora=rk ds ckn ,d oxZ ,slk Fkk tks vkSifuosf’kd f’k{kk iz.kkyh dks cuk, j[kuk pkgrk FkkA ml oxZ ds fnekx esa dSfEczt vkSj vkWDlQksMZ bruh xgjkbZ ls cSBs Fks fd os yksx ’kSf{kd {ks= esa fdlh ubZ ladYiuk dk fopkj gh ugha dj ldrs FksA ,d vU; rjhds ls bldk lkFk fn;k okeiaFkh oSpkfjd lksp us +++ + + A

f’k{kk dks ysdj Lora=rk ds ckn Hkh oLrqr% Hkkjrh; f’k{kk oSf’od vkSj vkUrfjd nckcksa esa jghA oSf’od Lrj ij fczVsu ds vykok vesfjdk Hkh ugha pkgrk Fkk fd Hkkjr viuh Lo;a dh ,slh f’k{kk uhfr cuk, tks jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku vkSj xkSjo dks c<+kus okyh gksA 1942 esa vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr :t+osYV us fczVsu ds jktnwr dks ;g lykg nh fd fczVsu Hkkjr ds lkFk dqN bl rjg dk O;ogkj djs ftlls Hkkjr Hkfo"; esa ^if’pe dh N=Nk;k* esa cuk jgsA ;g rHkh lEHko Fkk tc Hkkjr vkSifuosf’kd dky dh f’k{kk iz.kkyh dks pkyw j[ksA Lora=rk ds ckn ns’k ds vUnj Hkh ,d ,slk oxZ Fkk tks vkSifuosf’kd f’k{kk esa fdlh

ubZ ladYiuk dk fopkj gh ugha dj ldrk FksA ,d vU; rjhds ls bl oxZ dk lkFk fn;k okeiaFkh oSpkfjd lksp us ftlus Hkkjr dh f’k{kk iz.kkyh dks cgqr cM+h lhek rd izHkkfor fd;kA f’k{kk {ks= esa okeiaFkh fpUru ls lokZf/kd izHkkfor og fopkj gqvk tks f’k{kk dks jk"Vªh; vkdka{kkvksa vkSj lkaLd``frd ljksdkjksa ds lkFk tksM+uk pkgrk FkkA

okeiaFkh fopkjksa us Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ys[ku dks fod`r fd;k] fgUnw ’kkldksa muds ijkØe rFkk la?k"kZ dks lgh vkSj okLrfod vFkksZa esa lkeus gh ugha vkus fn;kA iwokZxzgksa ls ;qDr ’kks/k dks izksRlkfgr fd;kA ikB~;Øeksa eas mu lanHkksZa vkSj ,sfrgkfld rF;ksa dh mis{kk dh xbZ tks jk"Vªh; eukscy dks izksRlkfgr djus okys FksA okeiaFkh ys[ku Hkkjrh; thou] ijEijkvksa o ewY;ksa rFkk vkLFkkvksas ds izfr iw.kZ migkl O;ogkj jgkA ;wjksfi;u lksp vkSj okeiaFkh fopkjksa dk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd Lora=rk ds ckn xfBr vk;ksxksa vkSj nks jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr;ksa ¼1½ 1964 ls 1966 ds izfrosnu ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ?kksf"kr 24 tqykbZ 1968 dh ns’k dh f’k{kk uhfr rFkk ¼2½ ns’k dh f’k{kk uhfr 1986 &f’k{kk dh pqukSfr;k¡ o la’kksf/kr uhfr 1992 dh vuq’kalkvksa ds ckn Hkh bl ns’k esa izpfyr f’k{kk iz.kkyh esa vkarfjd la’kks/ku gh fd;k tkrk jgk ij O;kid Lrj ij f’k{kk esa fdlh vkewypwy ifjorZu dh igy ugha dj ldsA

f’k{kk dk ewy Lo:Ik jk"Vªh; gksrk gS ;g ns’k dh laLd`fr ls tqM+h jgrh gSA MsyLkZ dk izfl) dFku gS fd f’k{kk dh tM+sa laLd``fr esa rFkk izfrc)rk fodkl esa gksuk pkfg,A ;fn f’k{kk esa jk"VªHkko ugha gS] mldk lkekftd ljksdkjksa ls dksbZ lEcU/k ugha gS rFkk og lkaLd``frd psruk dh laokgd ugha gS rc f’k{kk dh dksbZ mikns;rk Hkh ugha gSA bl vk/kkj ij ;fn ge jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020 ij fopkj



djsa rc ge ik,¡xs fd ;g uhfr jk"Vªh; vkdka{kkvksa dks iwjk djus okyh gSA

tks n``f"V f’k{kk dh izsjd ’kfDr gksrh gS ogh n``f"V jk"Vª ds Hkfo"; ds Lo:Ik dk Hkh fu/kkZj.k djrh gSA vr% gesa jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr mu vk/kkjHkwr fl)karksa vkSj izsjd ’kfDr;ksa dks tkuuk pkfg, tks Hkfo"; ds Hkkjr ds Lo:Ik dk fu/kkZj.k djsxhA

jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020 esa mu ewyHkwr iFkizn’kZd fl)karksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ftuds vk/kkj ij ;g uhfr cukbZ xbZ gSA ;g lgh gS fd f’k{kk iz.kkyh dk eq[; mís’; vPNs O;fDr dk fodkl djuk gS ij mlds fy, O;kid] xfr’khy vkSj lekos’kh f’k{kk iz.kkyh us dqN vk/kkjHkwr fl)kar Lohdkj fd, gSa tks f’k{kkuhfr ds fuekZ.k esa ekxZn’kZd dk dke djsaxsA dqN izeq[k vk/kkj o fl)kar fuEu fyf[kr gSa &

izR;sd cPps dh fof’k"V {kerkvksa dh Lohd`fr] igpku vkSj mlds fodkl gsrq iz;kl djuk] cqfu;knh lk{kjrk vkSj la[;k Kku dks lokZf/kd izkFkfedrk nsuk] yphykiu] cgqfo"k;d vkSj lexz f’k{kk dk fodklA vo/kkj.kkRed le> ij tksj] jpukRed o rkfdZd lksp dks izksRlkgu] uSfrd ekuoh; vkSj laoS/kkfud ewY;] cgqHkkf"kdrk] lrr ewY;kadu ij tksj] Ldwyh f’k{kk ls mPprj f’k{kk rd lHkh Lrjksa ds f’k{kk ikB~;Øe esa rkyesy] f’k{kdksa vkSj ladk; dks lh[kus dh izfØ;k dk dsUnz ekuuk] Hkkjrh; tM+ksa vkSj xkSjo ls yxko] ge etcwr vkSj thoUr lkoZtfud f’k{kk iz.kkyh esa Ik;kZIr fuos’k vkfnA

jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020 dk fot+u ftls ge f’k{kk dh n``f"V dg ldrs gSa] cgqr Li"V gS og vius dks if’pe ds eaMy vkHkk ls fudkydj viuh Lo;a dh Lora= igpku cukus ds fy, iz;Ru’khy gSA mldh izsj.kk if’pe ugha] vfirq izkphu Hkkjrh; lukru ewY; vkSj Kku ijEijk gS] bl :Ik esa og Hkkjrh; lukru ewY;ksa ls tqM+h gSA if’pe ds Kku dk fojks/k ugha gS] Kku oSf’od gS] ijUrq viuh igpku LFkkfir djus dk vkxzg vo’; gSA ;g bl ckr ls Li"V gS] f’k{kk uhfr esa dgk x;k gS fd ^^izkphu vkSj lukru Hkkjrh; Kku vkSj fopkj dh le``) ijEijk ds vkyksd esa ;g uhfr rS;kj dh xbZ gSA Hkkjrh; Kku ijEijk esa f’k{kk dks lkfRod vkSj ifo= ekuk gS ftldk vafre y{; ^lk fo|k ;k foeqDr;s* gS vFkkZr~ fo|k ¼f’k{kk½ gS tks gesa lHkh cU/kuksa ls eqDr djs A bl dFku dh nk’kZfud O;k[;k rks ;g gS fd f’k{kk gesa vKku] vHkko] fo"kkn vkSj Hk; ls eqDr djs vFkkZr~ ge Kkue; thou ft,A f’k{kk Kku dk lzhr gS] og O;fDr ds dkS’ky dk fodkl dk vk/kkj gSA ge vius thou dks lq[ke; cuk ldsa] f’k{kk dh ;g n``f"V fot+u gSA

jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr esa ekuk x;k gS fd f’k{kk izR;sd O;fDr esa fufgr jpukRed {kerkvksa ds fodkl ij tksj nsxhA f’k{kk uhfr dk

;g fopkj gesa foosdkuUn ds izfl) dFku dk Lej.k djkrk gS ̂ ^f’k{kk dk mís’; euq"; ds vUrfuZfgr ’kfDr ds iw.kZrk dks vfHkO;Dr djrk gSA** vFkkZr~ f’k{kk ,d ekè;e gS tks O;fDr ds vUnj dh iw.kZrk dks O;Dr djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA tc ge Hkkjrh; ewY;ksa ls fodflr f’k{kk dh ckr djrs gSa rc ge Hkkjr dsfUnzr f’k{kk dh vksj c<+rs gSaA jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020 ¼og izk:Ik tks 2018 esa rS;kj gqvk Fkk½ esa dgk x;k gS fd The National Education Policy 2018 envisions an Indian centred education system, that contributes directly to transformming our nation sustainably in its on equitable and vibrant knowledge in society by providuing high quality education to all.

(jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2018 ,slh dsfUnzr Hkkjr f’k{kk iz.kkyh dh dYiuk djrh gS tks izR;{k :Ik ls vius ns’k dks xzg.kh;] thoUr Kku ,oa laxr U;k; lekt ds :Ik esa :ikUrfjr djsxhA½

vkt f’k{kk dh leL;k ;g gS fd blesa ik’pkR; fparu] ekU;rk,¡] vo/kkj.kk,¡ rks gSa ij Hkkjrh; fparu ijEijk,¡ vkSj vo/kkj.kk,¡ ugha gSaA bldk ifj.kke ;g gS fd Nk= dksbZ Hkh fo"k; i<+s] og ;gh i<+rk gS fd bl fo"k; ds ewy fl)kar if’pe ds fopkjdksa us fn, gSa] Hkkjr ds fopkjdksa us dksbZ fl)kar ugha fn, gSaA ge if’pe ds fopkjdksa ds ys[ku ds vk/kkj ij fo"k; dks i<+rs vkSj i<+krs gSaA bldk nwljk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd Nk= Hkkjr dh fo’kky Kku ijEijk ls vUkTkku jgk mls ekywe gh ugha fd izkphu Hkkjr Kku dk [ktkuk gSA Hkkjr dsfUnzr f’k{kk dh vko’;drk ds lanHkZ esa fopkjd izk;% MkW +nkSyr flag dksBkjh ds bl dFku dks m)``r djrs gSa ^^Hkkjrh; cqf)thfo;ksa dh lcls cM+h leL;k ;g gS fd mudk xq#Ro dsUnz ;wjksi gS] ftls ’kh?kzkr’kh?kz Hkkjr dsfUnzr djus dh vko’;drk gSA LokHkkfod gS fd ge ftl xq#Ro dsUnz esa jgsaxs mlds izHkko esa gekjk fparu] euu vkSj ys[ku gksxkA ;fn gekjk xq#Ro dsUnz if’pe gS rks bl if’pe dh fparu /kkjk ds vuq:i lkspsaxs ;fn gekjk xq#Ro dsUnz Hkkjr gS] rc ge Hkkjr dh n``f"V ls fopkj djsaxsA ge izkphu fparu ijEijk vkSj Kku&foKku dh /kkjk ls ifjpr gksaxs] mlls izHkkfor gksaxs vkSj ml ij xoZ Hkh djsaxsA gekjk lksp cnysxk] orZeku f’k{kk uhfr bl fn’kk esa ,d iz;kl gSA

f’k{kk uhfr esa ;g dgk x;k gS fd Hkkjr dks oSf’od Lrj ij Kku dh egk’kfDr cuuk gSA vkt dk ;qx Kku dk ;qx gS] ;fn ge Kku ds {ks= esa fiNM+ tk,¡xs rFkk Kku esa fuiq.k ugha gq, rks ge nwljksa dh vksj ns[krs jgsaxsA Kku ’kfDr gS tks gesa igpku vkSj ÅtkZ nsrk gSA Kku ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik gekjk vkRefo’okl c<+rk gS vkSj xkSjo vkRe dk fodkl gksrk gSA Kku esa fo’o dks cnyus dh ’kfDr gS] fopkjd ekurs gSa fd Hkfo"; esa ;q) Kku }kjk] Kku ds



fy,] Kku {ks= esa gksxkA vesfjdu i=dkj ÝhMeSu us viuh iqLrd ^n oYMZ bt ¶ysV* esa orZeku esa nqfu;k ds rsth ls cnyus ds ftu nl dkj.kksa dh ppkZ dh gS muesa ls ukS dkj.k rduhd vkSj lwpuk ØkfUr ls tqM+s gSa dsoy ,d dkj.k jktuhfrd gSA ;g Kku {ks= dh lPpkbZ gSA f’k{kkuhfr bl {ks= esa rsth ls vkxs c<+us dk ladYi O;Dr djrh gSA blds fy, og ’kks/k vkSj uokpkj ij tksj nsrh gSA ’kks/k dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, ^jk"Vªh; vuqla/kku Qkm.Ms’ku* tks Lok;Ùk laLFkk gksxh bldh LFkkiuk dh laLrqfr dh xbZ gSA f’k{kk uhfr esa vkfVZfQf’k;y baVsfytsalh ds {ks= esa vkxs c<+us dh Hkh ;kstuk gSA vkt fLFkfr ;g gS fd vuqla/kku {ks= esa ge cgqr ihNs gSaA ’kks/k ds fy, tgk¡ bt+jk;y esa th +Mh +ih + dk 4 +3 izfr’kr] nf{k.k dksfj;k es 4 +2 izfr’kr o vesfjdk esa 2 +8 izfr’kr rFkk phu esa 2 +1 izfr’kr [kpZ fd;k tk pqdk gSA ogk¡ Hkkjr esa 0 +69 izfr’kr gh [kpZ fd;k tkrk gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g gks jgk gS fd oYMZ baVsysDpqvy izksiVhZ vkxZukbts+’ku ds vkWdM+ksa ds vuqlkj tgk¡ phu us isVsUV ds fy, 13]38]503 o vesfjdk us 6]05] 571 izkFkZuk i= fn, gSa ogha Hkkjr us dsoy 45]057 gh izkFkZuk i= fn, gSaA

f’k{kk uhfr Hkkjrh; gksus ij xoZ vuqHko djus ds fy, gSA ;g xoZ dsoy fopkjksa esa ugha vfirq gekjs O;ogkj] cqf) vkSj dk;kZsa esa Hkh O;Dr gksuk pkfg,A lkekU;r% ge lsfeukjksa] laxksf"B;ksa] Hkk"k.kksa vkSj vkys[kksa esa Hkkjr dh egkurk vkSj mldh nh?kZ lkaLd``frd mifC/k;ksa ,oa mPpre vkn’kksaZ dh ppkZ cgqr mRlkg ls djrs gSa ij gekjs O;ogkj] lksp vkSj dk;Z eas dgha u dgha vius dks rqyukRed :Ik ls derj vk¡dus dh xzafFk cSBh gqbZ gSA f’k{kk uhfr bl xzafFk dks lewy u"V djus dk iz;Ru gSA tSls&tSls ge Kku] foKku vkSj vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa vkxs cgqr tkusaxs] ;g xzafFk Lor% gh lekIr gks tk,xhA f’k{kk uhfr esa ,d ,slk Hkkjrh; gksus dh lksp gS tks ekuo vf/kdkjksa dh fpark djsxk] oSf’od dY;k.k ds lEcU/k esa lkspsxk vkSj lgh vFkksZa esa ,d oSf’od ukxfjd cusxkA f’k{kk uhfr esa ;g Hkko fNik gqvk gS fd ,d vPNk ukxfjd gh vPNk oSf’od ukxfjd cu ldrk gS] ftldh vkLFkk Lo;a dh laLd``fr vkSj ijEijkvksa esa gS( ogh nwljksa dh laLd``fr vkSj ijEijkvksa dk lEeku dj ldrk gSA

Kku dh n``f"V ls Hkkjr cgqr le``) ns’k jgk gSA f’k{kk Ik;kZoj.k] LokLF;] _rqvksa ds vuqlkj thou vkfn ds {ks= esa izkphu Hkkjrh; Kku vkt Hkh mi;ksxh gSA ;g Kku fdlh ,d {ks= rd lhfer ugha gSA vkfnoklh {ks=ksa esa Hkh ;g Kku QSyk gqvk gS] blds vfrfjDr xf.kr] [kxksy] n’kZu] ;ksx] dyk okLrq] fp=dyk] fpfdRlk] d``f"k] vfHk;kaf=dh] foKku Hkk"kk] jktO;oLFkk vkfn {ks=ksa rd foLr``r gSA ekuo lH;rk dk bfrgkl ;g crykrk gS fd r{kf’kyk] ukyank] foØef’kyk vkfn fo’ofo|ky; fo’o ds

izkphure loksZRd``"V fo’ofo|ky; FksA vusd fons’kh ;kf=;ksa us ftUgksaus le;≤ ij Hkkjr dh ;k=k dh] vius laLej.kksa eas fy[kk gS fd Hkkjr esa Kku&foKku dh le``) ijEijk jgh gSA dbZ fons’kh ;kf=;ksa us Hkkjrh; fo’ofo|ky;ksa esa vè;;u fd;k gSA àsulkax ¼phu½ us ukyank fo’ofo|ky; esa ckS)/keZ ds lkFk gh fpfdRlk ’kkL=] n’kZu] rdZ’kkL=] xf.kr] T;ksfr"k vkSj O;kdj.k dk Hkh vè;;u fd;kA vyc#uh us Hkh Hkkjr esa LkaLd``r] izkd``r] foKku] lkfgR;] n’kZu vkSj /keZ dk vè;;u fd;kA

f’k{kk uhfr esa ;g lfEefyr gS fd bl iwjs ikjEifjd vkSj vU; Kku dks Ldwy ikB~;Øe esa tgk¡ Hkh izklafxd gks ogk¡ oSKkfud vkSj lVhd rjhds ls tksM+k tk,A f’k{kk uhfr esa ;g Hkh lq>ko gS fd Hkkjrh; Kku iz.kkfy;ksa ij ,d vkd"kZd ikB~;Øe rS;kj fd;k tk, tks oSdfYid gksA

Hkkjrh; f’k{kk uhfr dh fn’kk vkSj n``f"V ij fopkj djrs le; o'k izlax ,d lanHkZ dk mYys[k izklafxd gksxkA gesa è;ku gksxk fd ykMZ esdksys ¼VkWel csfcaxVu eSdksys½ us ,d lkS iPpklh o"kZ iwoZ lu~ 1835 esa cgqr migkliw.kZ <ax ls dgk Fkk fd ^^esjs ,slk dgus esa dksbZ vfr’k;ksfDr ugha gS fd laLd`r Hkk"kk esa fy[kh xbZ iqLrdksa dh ,sfrgkfld tkudkjh ,d= djus ij og baXySaM dh ,d izkFkfed ikB’kkyk ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ laf{kIr tkudkjh dk lekos’k djus okyh iqLrd ls Hkh de gksxhA**

f’k{kk uhfr esa laLd``r Hkk"kk dks ysdj tks mYys[k gS eq>s] yxrk gS fd og eSdkys ds dFku dk leqfpr mÙkj gSA ;g ckr vyx gS fd mÙkj nsus esa gesa ,d lkS iPpklh o"kZ yxs] f’k{kk uhfr 2020 esa dgk x;k gS fd ^^laLd`r vkBoha vuqlwph esa of.kZr ,d egÙoiw.kZ vk/kqfud Hkk"kk gksrs gq, Hkh bldk ’kkL=h; lkfgR; bruk fo’kky gS fd lkjs ysfVu vkSj xzhd lkfgR; dks Hkh ;fn feykdj bldh rqyuk dh tk, rks Hkh bldh cjkcjh ugha dj ldrkA**

jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020 dh fn’kk vkSj n``f"V Li"V gSA og u, Hkkjr dh vo/kkj.kk dks lkdkj djus ds fy, gSA u;k Hkkjr Kku;qDr] le``)] lEd~ vkSj leFkZ Hkkjr gksxk tks vkRefo’okl vkSj xkSjo vkRe dh Hkkouk ls iw.kZ gksxkA f’k{kk uhfr dh ;g fo’ks"krk gS fd blesa bl ckr ij tksj fn;k x;k gS fd lHkh dks leku :Ik ls loksZPPk xq.koÙkk ls ;qDr f’k{kk miyC/k gksA rHkh rks Kku;qDr lekt cu ldsxkA ;g lgh gS fd uhfr;k¡ ekxZn’kZd fl)karksa dh iw¡th gksrh gSa] mlesa ckè;rk ugha gksrh] ij bl f’k{kk uhfr ds vuq:Ik f’k{kk {ks= esa vko’;d cnyko ds fy, ljdkj dh rRijrk ;g fo’okl fnykrh gS fd ge] fuf’pr gh f’k{kk uhfr esa ftu y{;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k gS] mUgsa izkIr dj ldsaxsA



izR;sd jk"Vª dk ,d LoHkko gksrk gS] ml LoHkko ds vuqlkj gh mls fo’o dks lans’k nsuk gksrk gS vkSj mldh fu;fr Hkh mlh ds vuqlkj r; gksrh gSA Hkkjr lnk ls fo’oxq# ds :Ik esa tkuk tkrk gSA tc&tc Hkkjr ’kfDr’kkyh] lkEkF;Zoku rFkk vkfFkZd n``f"V ls LkEiUu gqvk] rc&rc Hkkjr us fo’o dk ekxZn’kZu fd;kA ;g NksVk eksVk dky[kaM ugha gSA vesfjdh vFkZ’kkL=h ,axl esfMlu dks bZLoh lu~ ’kwU; ls ysdj 2000 rd dk vkfFkZd bfrgkl fy[kus dk nkf;Ro fn;k x;k FkkA ^^fo’o dk vkfFkZd bfrgkl lgLkzkCnh dk n``f"Vdks.k** (Economic History of the

World-Millennial Perspective) 2004 esa izdkf’kr gqbZA bl iqLrd esa os crkrs gSa fd bZloh lu~ ds izkjEHk ls 15 oha ’krkCnh izkjEHk rd vFkkZr~ iwjs 1500 o"kZ Hkkjr fo’o dk lokZf/kd le``) jk"Vª FkkA vuqeku ds vuqlkj fo’o dh 46 izfr’kr ls 66 izfr’kr rd lEink Hkkjr esa mRikfnr gksrh FkhA 15 oha ’krkCnh ds ckn phu ds mn; ds dkj.k Hkkjr dk ;ksxnku izfr’kr esa de gqvkA mRiknu ugha dsoy fu;kZr izfr’kr esa de gqvkA vaxzstksa }kjk 19 oha ’krkCnh ds iwokZ)Z esa] fczfV’k f’k{kk O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk rd Hkkjr dk fo’o lEink esa ;ksxnku 23 izfr’kr ls vf/kd FkkA loZlEiUu] le``) Hkkjr fo’o esa O;kikj djrk FkkA lkjs txr~ esa Hkkjr ds O;kikjh ikuh ds tgkt vkSj HkwekxZ ls vkt ftls eè; ,f’k;k dgrs gSa] ogk¡ ls vFkkZr~ js’ke ekxZ ls iwjs fo’o esa O;kikj djrs FksA fo’o O;kikj vkSj lkeF;Zoku gksrs gq, Hkh Hkkjr us lsuk,¡ Hkstdj fdlh nwljs HkwHkkx dks jktuhfrd vFkok vkfFkZd :Ik ls v/khu ugha fd;kA Hkkjr lnk ls gh fo’o dks Kku] izse vkSj vè;kRe dk lans’k nsrk jgk gSA blfy, tc&tc Hkkjr fo’o dk loZ’kfDreku] loZlkeF;Zoku] loZle``) ns’k cuk] rc&rc

mls fo’oxq# dh mikf/k nh xbZA ;gh Hkkjr dk y{; gSA _f"k;ksa us jk"Vª dh mRifÙk dk ;gh dkj.k crk;k gSA txr~ ds dY;k.k ds fy, _f"k;ksa dh riL;k ls bl jk"Vª dks cy vkSj vkst izkIr gqvkA bl vFkZ dk ea= gedks osnksa esa feyrk gSA ^^HknzfePNUr% _"k;% LofoZnLriks nh{kkeqifu"knqjxzsA rrks jk"Vaª cyekst’p tkra rnLeSnsok milaueUrqA** ¼vFkoZ 19&41&1½ ;gh Hkkjr dk fpjdkfyd mís’; gSA Hkkjr dh bl vkfFkZd le``f)] lkeF;Z vkSj laink dks ;fn ge Hkkjr ds ’kSf{kd bfrgkl ds lkFk tksM+dj ns[krs gSa rks vk’p;Ztud rÙo lkeus vkrs gSaA vukfndky ls xq#dqy O;oLFkk esa u dsoy Hkkjr ds vfirq fo’o ds Hkh vusd ukxfjdksa dks lHkh izdkj dk ykSfdd o vè;kfRed Kku nsus dk dk;Z Hkkjr ds fo’ofo|ky;ksa us fd;kA fo’ofo|ky; ;g ’kCn Hkkjr dh fo’o dks nsu gSA bldk vFkZ ;gh gS fd ukyank] r{kf’kyk] foØe’khyk vkfn lHkh LFkkuksa esa tks f’k{kk laLFkku Fks] os dsoy Hkkjr rd gh lhfer ugha FksA fdlh Hkh ,d o.kZ vFkok tkfr rd lhfer gksus dh ckr rks nwj] ;g leLr fo’o dks Kku nsus dk dk;Z djrs FksA blhfy, mUgsa fo’ofo|kky; dgk x;kA

12 oha vkSj 13 oha ’krkCnh esa bu fo’ofo|ky;ksa ij vkØe.k gq,A ukyank dk fo’ofo|ky; cf[r;kj f[kyth us tyk fn;kA blds i’pkr~ ckdh fo’ofo|ky;ksa us blh vkØe.k ds Hk; ls Lo;a dks lesV fy;kA Hkkjr dh izpqj Kkujkf’k xzaFk lEink ds :Ik eas f=fo"Vi ¼frCCkr½ dh xqQkvksa esa Hksth xbZA bl izdkj geus bu cM+s&cM+s fo’ofo|ky;ksa dks fodsfUnzr dj fn;k vkSj xzke&xzke esa f’k{kk dh O;oLFkk dhA ;gh og le; gS ftl le; ,axl esfMlu dg jgs Fks fd Hkkjr dk tks fo’o esa vkfFkZd ;ksxnku gS og ?kVrk x;kA f’k{kk ds lkFk le``f) dk lh/kk laca/k gSA fQj

fo’oxq# Hkkjr ds fy, jk”Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr


Jh eqdqy dkfuVdj

'kSf{kd] lkaLd`frd] lkekftd fo"k;ksa

ds xgu v/;srk&fpard

vf[ky Hkkjrh; laxBu ea=h

Hkkjrh; f’k{k.k eaMy




Hkh 19 oha ’krkCnh ds izFke nks n’kdksa esa Hkkjr fo’o ds vkfFkZd mRiknu esa 23 izfr’kr thMhih dk ;ksxnku djrk jgkA 1835 esa fczfV’k f’k{kk O;oLFkk ;gk¡ ykxw gksrh gS vkSj Hkkjr dk vkfFkZd mRiknu ?kVrk tkrk gSA Hkkjr ds yksx foiUukoLFkk dks izkIr gksrs gSaA v¡xzstksa ds ’kklu ls iwoZ Hkkjr esa dHkh xjhch] Hkq[kejh ns[kh gh ugha FkhA 1823 ds fczfV’k losZ{k.k esa tks ns’k 98 rd lk{kj Fkk] og 1947 esa dsoy 12 izfr’kr lk{kj jg x;k vkSj Hkkjr dk vkfFkZd ;ksxnku Hkh 2 izfr’kr jg x;k bl okLrfodrk ls Li"V gksrk gS fd f’k{kk txr~ esa le``f) dk lk/ku jgh gSA ^le``f+) vkSj laLd`fr lkFk&LkkFk* ;g Hkkjr dk ea= jgk gSA vE;qn; rFkk fu%Js;l nksuksa gh lkFk&lkFk vkxs c<+rs gSaA f’k{kk c<+sxh rks fodkl gksxk] Hkkjr iqu% fo’o esa fot;h gksxkA

vr% Hkkjr ds fo’o cukus ds fy, oSf’od n``f".kdks.k okyh] Hkkjr dh lkaLd``frd tM+ksa ls iksf"kr rFkk Hkkjr dsfUnzr f’k{kk i)fr vko’;d gSA 29 tqykbZ 2020 dks Hkkjr dh dsfUnz; ea=h ifj"kn~ }kjk ikfjr dh xbZ jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr bl fn’kk esa ,d lq;ksX; pj.k gSA Hkkjr dks iqu% ,d ckj fo’oxq# cukus okyh f’k{kk uhfr gSA blesa oSf’od laLFkkvksa ds fy, Hkkjr ds fy, }kj rks [kksys gh gSa lkFk gh LkkFk fons’kh fo|kfFkZ;kas dks Hkkjrh; fo’ofo|ky;ksa esa izos’k nsus ds fy, fo’ks"k izo/kku djus dh ckr dh xbZ gSA lexz ikB~;Øe dks bl izdkj cukus dh ;kstuk gS] ftlls jk"Vªh; Hkkouk ls vksrizksr] lkaLd``frd psruk ls le``)] laosnu’khy] oSf’od ukxfjd ge rS;kj dj ldsaA 15 vxLr 2020 dks yky fdys ls fn, x, vius oDrO; esa Hkh iz/kkuea=h us f’k{kk uhfr ds blh mís’; dks lcds lkeus Li"V fd;kA igyh ckj Hkkjr dh f’k{kk uhfr esa oS’ohdj.k dh ckr gqbZ gSA mlesa v¡xzsth esa fo’oxq# ’kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA bl f’k{kk uhfr ds dqN egÙoiw.kZ fcUnqvksa dks bl oSf’od n``f"V ls ns[kk tkuk vko’;d gSA

1. oSf’odrk & Hkkjr eas Kku ds {ks= esa dHkh lhekvksa dk fu/kkZj.k

ugha fd;k x;kA gekjs f’k{kd lkjs fo’o esa f’k{kk iznku djrs jgs gSa vkSj lkjs fo’o ds ftKklq Hkkjrh; fo’ofo|ky;ksa esa vkdj Kku izkIr djrs jgs gSaA fons’kh ’kklu ds ckn bl fLFkfr esa ifjorZu gqvk vkSj ge viuh jktuSfrd lhekvksa esa fleV x,A Hkkjr ds fo’ofo|ky;ksa esa fons’kh Nk=ksa ds izos’k dh Hkh vR;ar lhfer laHkkouk vHkh rd FkhA f’k{kk uhfr esa bls izksRlkgu nsus dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gSA ¼12

+7½ Hkkjrh; f’k{k.k eaMy bldk Lokxr djrk gSA uhfr esa fo’o ds loksZÙke 100 fo’ofo|ky;ksa ds izkax.k Hkkjr vius ;gk¡ [kksyus dh vuqefr iznku djus dh ckr bl f’k{kk uhfr esa djrk gS] blds fy, fo’ks"k izko/kku fd, tk,¡xsaA fons’kh fo’ofo|ky;ksa ds Hkkjr esa vkus ij dksbZ vkifÙk ugha gSA vf/kfu;eksa esa ;g ckr Li"V gksuh pkfg, fd mUgsa dksbZ fo’ks"k lqfo/kk,¡ iznku ugha dh tk,¡xhA tks fof/k vFkok dkuwu Hkkjrh; fo’ofo|ky;ksa os gh mu ij ykxww gksus pkfg,A [kkl ckr ;g gS fd mUgha ds }kjk ;s fons’kh fo’ofo|ky; lapkfyr fd, tk,¡A orZeku eas Hkkjrh; fo’ofo|ky;ksa dks fons’kh f’k{kk nsus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA fons’kh fo’ofo|ky;ksa dk Hkkjr esa Lokxr djus ds lkFk gh Hkkjrh; fo’ofo|ky;ksa dks fons’kksa esa viuk izkax.k [kksyus gsrq izksRlkfgr djus dk izko/kku Hkh bl uhfr esa fd;k x;k gSA ¼12 +8½

2. HkkjrdsfUnzr & bl f’k{kk uhfr dh fo’ks"krk gS fd blesa lHkh Lrjksa ij Hkkjr dks dsUnz esa j[kk x;k gSA i``"B la[;k 8 ij uhfr dk fotu] Hkkjr dh ifLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj uhfr;ksa dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gSA oSf’od Lrj ij rFkk izfrLi/kkZ dh ppkZ rks gS fdUrq fo’o esa LFkku izkIr djus ds fy, va/kkuqdj.k dh ckr ugha gSA oSf’od ckrksa dks ns’kkuqdwy cukdj Lohdkj djus dh lEHkkouk uhfr esa gSA fØ;kUo;u ds le; bu ckrksa dk è;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg,A lHkh fo|k dh ’kk[kkvksa ds lanHkhZdj.k dh vkt furkar vko’;drk gSA blesa fpfdRlk f’k{kk ds ckjs esa foLr``r ;kstuk nh gS tks Hkkjr dh ifjfLFkfr ds vuq:Ik gSA ¼20 +5½ tSls ftyk Lrj ds izR;sd fpfdRlky; dks

^^Hkkjr dks iqu% ,d ckj fo’oxq# cukus okyh f’k{kk uhfr gSA blesa oSf’od laLFkkvksa ds fy, Hkkjr ds fy, }kj rks [kksys gh gSa lkFk gh LkkFk fons’kh fo|kfFkZ;kas dks Hkkjrh; fo’ofo|ky;ksa esa izos’k nsus ds fy, fo’ks"k izo/kku djus dh ckr dh xbZ gSA lexz ikB~;Øe dks bl izdkj cukus dh ;kstuk gS] ftlls jk"Vªh; Hkkouk ls vksrizksr] lkaLd``frd psruk ls le``)] laosnu’khy] oSf’od ukxfjd ge rS;kj dj ldsaA**

^^tc vUrjjk"Vªh; ;ksx fnol igyh ckj 2015 esa euk;k x;k] ml le; 193 ns’kksa us vius&vius ns’k dh Hkwfe ij ;ksxkH;kl vkSj lw;Z ueLdkj djrs gq, viuk eLrd uok;k Fkk( os Hkkjr Hkwfe dh gh oanuk dj jgs FksA ml vFkZ esa 21 twu 2015 dks Hkkjr ,d ckj iqu% fo’oxq# ds :Ik esa izfrf"Br gqvkA Hkkjr ek¡ dks ;g izfr"Bk fnykus ds fy, la;qDrjk"Vª la?k esa vUrjjk"Vªh; ;ksx fnol eukus dk izLrko j[kk x;k ml ij 171 ns’kksa us gLrk{kj i{k esa fd, FksA**



f’k{kk dk dsUnz cukus dh ckr gS ftlls Ik;kZIr la[;k esa vko’;d fpfdRldksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldsA ;ksx] vk;qosZn vkfn Hkkjr dh ikjEifjd fpfdRlk fof/k;ksa dk Hkh fpfdRlk f’k{kk esa lHkh Lrjksa ij fodkl fd;k tk,xkA xzkeh.k f’k{kdksa dh pqukSfr;ksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ml gsrq fo’ks"k izko/kku fd;k x;k gSA ¼5 +2½ Hkkjr dh fof’k"V ifjfLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, lekt ds lHkh oxksaZ dks f’k{kk ds volj iznku dj lkekftd lejlrk gsrq vusd ØkfUrdkjh o O;ogkfjd mik; bl uhfr esa fn, x, gSaA ¼14 +1 ls 14 +4½

tc vUrjjk"Vªh; ;ksx fnol igyh ckj 2015 esa euk;k x;k] ml le; 193 ns’kksa us vius&vius ns’k dh Hkwfe ij ;ksxkH;kl vkSj lw;Z ueLdkj djrs gq, viuk eLrd uok;k Fkk( os Hkkjr Hkwfe dh gh oanuk dj jgs FksA ml vFkZ esa 21 twu 2015 dks Hkkjr ,d ckj iqu% fo’oxq# ds :Ik esa izfrf"Br gqvkA Hkkjr ek¡ dks ;g izfr"Bk fnykus ds fy, la;qDrjk"Vª la?k esa vUrjjk"Vªh; ;ksx fnol eukus dk izLrko j[kk x;k ml ij 171 ns’kksa us gLrk{kj i{k esa fd, FksA

vHkh eghuk Hkj iwoZ dksfoM egkekjh ds eè; esa la;qDrjk"Vª la?k dh lqj{kk ifj"kn~ esa vLFkkbZ lnL; ds fy, pquko gq,] ml pquko esa la;qDrjk"Vª la?k ds lHkh lnL; ns’kksa esa ls dsoy 8 dks NksM+dj lHkh us Hkkjr ds i{k esa ernku fd;kA ;g Hkkjr ds usr```Ro dh Lohdk;Zjrk vkt ,d volj iznku dj jgh gSA

volj dk xok{k [kqyk gSA bl f’k{kk uhfr esa ml volj dks okLro esa ifjofrZr djus dk cht fo|eku gSaA vko’;rk gS fd ’kklu ds lkFk lekt vkSj lcls egÙpiw.kZ f’k{kk txr~ vFkkZr~ f’k{kd Hkkjr ds bl oSf’od nkf;Roksa dks le>sa vkSj Hkkjr dks iqu% fo’oxq# cukus ds fy, vius dej dl ysaA ge viuh xq.koÙkk c<+k,¡] oSf’od ekinaMksa ij [kjk mrjus okyk ikB~;Øe rS;kj djsa vkSj fo’o ds lHkh ns’kksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ;gk¡ vkeaf=r djssaA oSf’od laLFkkuksa dk vkxeu gksus ls ckgj tkus okyh izfrHkk blh ns’k esa oSf’od xq.koÙkk dh f’k{kk izkIr dj ldsxh vkSj Hkkjr dks iqu% fo’oxq# ds in ij vklhu gksxkA

Hkkjr us 8000 lky iwoZ gh fo'o lH;rk dks lqlaLd`r ueLdkj eqnzk iznku dh

vkB gtkj o"kZ iwoZ gh ekuo lH;rk dks ueLdkj eqnzk iznku dh gSA jk[khx<+h ls izkIr ueLdkj eqnzk okyh nqyZHk ewfrZ fo'o ds lkeus mR[kuu ds ckn iqjkrkfRod lk{; ds :Ik esa lkeus vk;k gSA vkt leLr fo'o bl dksjksuk dky esa gkFk feykus dh ijEijk dks NksM+dj ueLdkj dh eqnzk esa vfHkoknu djus yxk gSA gfj;k.kk izkar ds fglkj esa fLFkr jk[khx<+h xkao esa Vhys ds uhps ls vkB gtkj lky iqjkuh lH;rk ds vo'ks"k feys gSaA Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo foHkkx dqN pj.kksa esa mR[kuu dj pqdk gS] tcfd dqN pj.kksa dk gksuk 'ks"k gSA ;gk¡ ls vc rd feys fofo/k vo'ks"kksa esa fofo/k lk{; esa lcls egÙoiw.kZ lk{; ueLdkj eqnzk okyh ewfrZ] lk/ku eas jr ;ksxh dh gSA egÙoiw.kZ blfy, gS fd lH;rk ds fodkl Øe esa vfHkoknu dk ;g lk{; izkphure vkSj nqyZHk gSA nwljk Hkkjrh; ;ksx ijEijk esa of.kZr ,d izeq[k in~eklu ;ksxklu dh eqnzk esa cSBs ;ksxh dks bl izfrek esa viuh nksuksa gFksfy;ksa dks ueLdkj eqnzk esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA if'pe ds fo}kuksa dk vk;ksaZ dks fons'kh crkus dk nkok vkSa/ks eq¡g fxj tkrk gSA ;|fi lH;rk vkSj bfrgkl ds bl egÙoiw.kZ iqjkrkfRod izek.k dks Hkkjr fo'o ds lEeq[k ml izdkj ugha j[k ldk gS ftldh vkt vko';drk gSA bl vksj gekjk è;ku fnukad 01 uoEcj 2020 dks rc x;k tc jk[khx<+h esa iqjkrkfROkd lk{; dks fo'o ds lkeus ykus ds fy, dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA blls igys iqjkrRofonksa vkSj bfrgkldkjksa us fooj.k tqVk;kA tk¡p dh xbZ fd ueLdkj ;k vfHkoknu dh eqnzk dk bruk izkphu lk{; dgha fo'o ds fdlh ns'k esa feyh gS rks irk pyk fd ughaA blls Li"V gks x;k gS fd gekjs xkSjo'kkyh vrhr dh ,d vn~Hkqr miyfC/k gS ;gA blls ;g Hkh Kkr gksrk gS fd gM+Iik vkSj oSfnd laLd`fr esa vkil esa leUo; FkkA crk;k tkrk gS fd foxr pj.k esa gq, mR[kuu ds nkSjku ;gk¡ 10 lasVhehVj Å¡ph ;g VsjkdksVk dh ewfrZ feyh gSA bfrgkldkjksa us dgk ;g Hkh dgk fd gesa ;g crk;k tkrk jgk gS fd ueLdkj eqnzk oSfnd lH;rk dk gh vax gS] tks fd fodflr lH;rk gS jk[khx<+h esa feyk ;g lk{; oSfnd vo/kkj.kkvksa dks izekf.kr djrk gSA



jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 % Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,¡


Jh vrqy dksBkjh

jk"Vªh; lfpo]

f'k{kk laLd`fr mRFkku U;kl

iwoZ egkea=h]

vf[ky Hkkjrh; fo|kFkhZ ifj"kn~

lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ] ys[kd]

'kSf{kd fapard o

'kSf{kd fopkj izokg ds ekxZn'kZd


fo'o esa dgha Hkh f'k{kk ,oa f'k{kk uhfr dh tc Hkh ckr gksrh gS rc Hkk"kk dh ppkZ gksuk vfuok;Z gSA Hkk"kk ds fcuk vkSipkfjd f'k{kk laHko gh ugha gSA Hkkjr esa Hkk"kk dk fo"k; vf/kd egÙoiw.kZ ,oa tfVy gSA Lora= Hkkjr esa Hkk"kk dks dbZ yksxksa us jktuhfr djus dk ,d lk/ku cuk fy;kA bl dkj.k ls Hkkjr esa Hkk"kk vf/kd HkkoukRed fo"k; Hkh cu x;h gSA

gekjs ns'k esa vusd Hkk"kk,¡ gSa ftudks fo}ku~ Hkk"kk vkSj cksfy;ksa bu nks oxksZa esa ck¡Vrs gaSA lafo/ku dh 8 oha vuqlwph esa Lora=rk ds le; 14 Hkk"kk,¡ Fkha og c<+dj orZeku esa 22 Hkk"kk,¡ gks x;h gaSA blds vfrfjDr vusd cksfy;ksa dks feykdj o"kZ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj 1369 Hkk"kk,a¡ o cksfy;k¡ gaS] ftlesa 121 Hkk"kk,¡ o cksfy;k¡ 10 gtkj ls vf/kd cksyus okys O;fDr;ksa dh gaSA ;wusLdks ds vuqlkj foxr 50 o"kksZa esa 197 Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,a¡ yqIrizk; gks pqdh gSa o vusd Hkk"kk,¡a yqIrizk; gksus dh dxkj ij gaSA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa Hkk"kk dk egÙo vkSj c<+ tkrk gSA bl jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr esa Hkyh&Hkk¡fr Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA bl n`f"V ls uhfr esa fy[kk gS ^^laLd`fr ds laj{k.k] lao/Zku vkSj izlkj ds fy,] gesa ml laLd`fr dh Hkk"kkvksa dk laj{k.k vkSj lao/Zku djuk gksxkA**

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr esa fo|ky;hu f'k{kk ds Lrj ij de ls de d{kk 5 rd rFkk tgk¡ laHko gS ogk¡ d{kk 8 rd f'k{kk dk ekè;e ekr`Hkk"kk gksuh pkfg,A fo|ky; ls ysdj mPp f'k{kk ds Lrj ij ikB~;Øe f}Hkk"kk esa miyC/k djkus dh ckr Hkh dgh xbZ gS] ;g vf/kd egÙoiw.kZ gSA vkt iwoZ izkFkfed f'k{kk ls izkjaHk vaxzsth ekè;e dh nkSM+ esa ;g ckr tYnh ls ipuk eqf'dy gS] ijUrq tks ckr rkfdZd ,oa oSKkfud gS mldks Lohdkj djds gh lgh fn'kk esa gekjs Nk= vkxs c<+ ldrs

gaSA egkRek xka/kh us Hkh dgk Fkk fd ^^gekjk ckyd Lukrd] ijkLukrd rd dh i<+kbZ esa N% o"kZ vaxzsth ds ihNs cjckn djrk gS] vxj ;g le; mlds fo"k; ij yxk gksrk rks og vius fo"k; esa vf/kd vxzlj gks ldrk gSA** oSf'od Lrj ij Hkk"kk lac/kh ftrus Hkh vè;;u gq, gSa] lcdk ,d gh fu"d"kZ gS fd f'k{kk dk ekè;e ekr`Hkk"kk gh gksuk pkfg,A

bl f'k{kk uhfr esa f=Hkk"kk lw= dks ykxw djus ij iqu% izfrc)rk O;Dr dh xbZ gS] D;ksafd ns'k ds dqN jkT; vHkh rd bldk vey ugha dj jgs gaSA lkFk gh f=Hkk"kk uhfr dh tks Hkkouk Fkh fd mÙkj ds jkT; vFkkZr fgUnh Hkk"kh jkT; ds Nk= nf{k.k ;k vU; jkT;ksa dh ,d Hkk"kk lh[ksaxs vkSj vfgUnh Hkk"kh jkT;ksa ds Nk= fgUnh lh[ksaxs ijUrq O;kogkfjd :i ls ,slk fd;k ugha x;kA bl gsrq bl uhfr esa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds f'k{k.k dks c<+kok nsus gsrq jkT; ijLij vuqca/k dj Hkk"kk f'k{kdksa dk vknku&iznku dj ldrs gSa] bl izdkj dk lq>ko Hkh fn;k x;k gSA blh izdkj d{kk 6 ls 8 rd ds ckydksa dks ^^,d Hkkjr Js"B Hkkjr** xfrfof/k esa Hkkx ysuk gksxkA dqN o"kZ ls dsUnzh; fo|ky; laxBu ;g xfrfof/k pyk jgk gS mudk ifj.kke dkQh vPNk gSA bl ckr esa f=Hkk"kk lw= ds fØ;kUo;u dks ysdj vkSj ,d izko/kku gS fd Nk= dks rhu esa ls nks Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,¡ pquuk vfuok;Z gksxkA

gekjs ns'k esa Hkk"kk dks ysdj dbZ Hkze QSys gq, gSa tSls fd vusd jkT;ksa esa ekr`Hkk"kk ds fo|ky;ksa esa mPp ekè;fed Lrj ij foKku vkSj xf.kr vaxzsth ekè;e esa i<+k;k tk jgk gSA gekjs iwoZ jk"Vªifr ,oa fo[;kr oSKkfud MkW- vCnqy dyke ls ukxiqj ds /kjeisB egkfo|ky; ds ,d dk;ZØe esa O;k[;ku ds ckn ,d Nk=k us iz'u fd;k fd vki brus vPNs oSKkfud dSls cus \] rc MkW- dyke dk mÙkj Fkk fd ^^eSusa 12oha rd foKku] xf.kr



lfgr lEiw.kZ f'k{kk viuh ekr`Hkk"kk ¼rfey½ esa yh gSA** bl uhfr esa Hkh xf.kr] foKku ds ikB~;Øe Hkh vc f}Hkk"kk esa miyC/k djkus dk vkxzg fd;k gSA

bl f'k{kk uhfr esa bZ&yfuZx] vkWu&ykbu f'k{k.k dks c<+kok nsus dh ckr dgh gSA orZeku esa gekjh /kkj.kk ;g cuh gS fd bl izdkj dk f'k{k.k vaxzsth esa gh gks ldrk gSA bl xyr /kkj.kk ds fo#) bl uhfr esa bZ&yfuZax dks Hkh LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa i<+kus dh ckr dgh x;h gSA lEcfU/kr yksxksa ls tkudkjh izkIr gqbZ gS fd dsUnzh; Lrj ij vkB Hkk"kkvksa esa lkQ~Vos;j rS;kj djus dk dk;Z dkQh gks pqdk gSA fo|ky;hu f'k{kk ds fy, f'k{k.k vf/kxe] bZ&lkexzh vkfn lHkh jkT;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] lh-vkbZ-bZ-Vh-] lh-ch-,l-bZZ-] ,u-vkbZ-vks-,l- vkSj vU; fudk;ksa@laLFkkuksa }kjk Hkh lHkh {ks=h; Hkk"kkvksa esa fodflr djus dh izfrc)rk n'kkZ;h xbZ gSA

bl uhfr esa Hkk"kk f'k{k.k dks c<+kok nsus gsrq rduhdh ,oa izkS|ksfxdh dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,xkA bl gsrq fofdihfM;k tSls ekè;e ds }kjk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa vkSj mlls lEcfU/r dyk] laLd`fr dk lao/kZu fd;k tk,xkA lkFk gh ckyd Hkk"kk dk f'k{k.k vkuUn ls lh[k lds bl gsrq ,sIl ,oa xsEl¼[ksy½ vkfn fodflr djus dh ckr Hkh dgh xbZ gSA

Hkkjr esa Hkk"kkvksa dh fofo/krk dks è;ku esa ysdj ,d vR;ar O;kogkfjd leL;k ds lek/ku ij Hkh uhfr esa è;ku fn;k x;k gSA gekjs ns'k ds vf/kdrj jkT;ksa dk xBu Hkk"kk ds vk/kj ij fd;k x;k gS ijUrq ftldks vkt izpfyr Hkk"kk esa cksyh dgk tkrk gS og ,d jkT;ksa esa vusd gksrh gaSA dbZ ckj vuqHko vkrk gS] fo'ks"kdj tutkrh;] igkM+h {ks= ds Nk= ml jkT; dh jktHkk"kk Hkh Bhd izdkj ls ugha tkurs] ,sls le; mudks ogk¡ dh LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa i<+k;k tk, rc og lgh <ax ls lh[k ik;saxsA bl gsrq bl uhfr esa f'k{kdkas dh

fu;qfDr gsrq fy, tkus okys lk{kkRdkj esa LFkkuh; Hkk"kk dh lqxerk dk Hkh ijh{k.k fd;k tk,xkA lkFk gh xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds mRd`"V Nk=ksa] fo'ks"kdj ds dU;kvksa gsrq ch-,M-ikB~;Øe ds fy, fo'ks"k Nk=ko`fÙk dh O;oLFkk dh tk,xh ftlls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa {ks=h; Hkk"kk esa fuiq.k f'k{kdksa dh fu;qfDr dh tk ldsA blh izdkj vuqlwfpr] tkfr] tutkfr oxZ ds Nk=ksa gsrq fofHkUu fMxzh ikB~;Øeksa dks Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ,oa f}Hkk"kh ekè;e esa miyC/k djok;k tk,xkA

lexz Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh tuuh laLd`r dk LFkku Hkk"kkvksa dh n`f"V ls ̂ ^ek¡** ds leku gSA gekjh lHkh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh fo'ks"krk dk vk/kj laLd`r gSA bl rF; dks oSf'od Lrj ij Hkh Lohdkj fd;k tk jgk gS fd laLd`r oSKkfud n`f"V ls lEiw.kZ Hkk"kk gSA ijarq gekjs ns'k esa dqN yksxksa us laLd`r dks e`rHkk"kk rd dg fn;k gSA bl uhfr esa dgk x;k gS fd laLd`r dks ikB'kkykvksa rd lhfer u j[krs gq, fo|ky;ksa esa f=Hkk"kk lw= ds rgr ,d fodYi ds :i esa LFkku fn;k tk,xkA bls i`Fkd~ ugha ijUrq #fpiw.kZ ,oa uokpkjh rjhdksa ls i<+k;k tk,xk rFkk vU; ledkyhu ,oa izklafxd fo"k;ksa tSls xf.kr] [kxksy 'kkL=] n'kZu'kkL=] ukVd fo|k] ;ksx vkfn ls Hkh tksM+k tk,xkA blds lkFk gh f'k{kk ,oa laLd`r fo"k;ksa esa pkj o"khZ; cgqfo"k;d ch-,M- fMxzh ds }kjk fe'ku eksM esa iwjs ns'k ds laLd`r f'k{kdksa dks cM+h la[;k esa O;kolkf;d f'k{kk iznku dh tk,xhA

bl uhfr esa ,dy fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh ladYiuk dks [kkfjt fd;k gSA bl n`f"V ls laLd`r fo'ofo|ky; Hkh cgqfo"k;d fo'ofo|ky; cusaxs ftlls lHkh fo"k;ksa ds lkFk laLd`r dk tqM+ko lgt gks ldrk gSA

gekjs ns'k esa vuqokn dHkh izkFkfedrk dk fo"k; ugha cuk gSA dbZ ckj vuqHko vkrs gaS fd vuqokn dksbZ xyr dk;Z gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vki nf{k.k ds fdlh jkT; esa O;k[;ku ds fy, x, gSa rc vaxzsth esa cksyus dk vkxzg jgrk gS] geesa ls vf/kdrj yksxksa us Hkh bldks Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA nf{k.k ds jkT;ksa esa cM+h la[;k esa yksx ,sls gS tks fgUnh ;k vaxzsth nksuksa Hkk"kk ugha tkurs gSa ml le; ns'k dh jktHkk"kk fgUnh esa O;k[;ku nsa vkSj vko';drkuqlkj mldk LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa vuqokn fd;k tk,] ;g iz;kl cgqr de txg fd;k tkrk

^^Hkkjr esa Hkk"kkvksa dh fofo/krk dks /;ku esa ysdj ,d vR;ar O;kogkfjd leL;k ds lek/ku ij Hkh uhfr esa /;ku fn;k x;k gSA gekjs ns'k ds vf/kdrj jkT;ksa dk xBu Hkk"kk ds vk/kj ij fd;k x;k gS ijUrq ftldks vkt izpfyr Hkk"kk esa cksyh dgk tkrk gS og ,d jkT;ksa esa vusd gksrh gaSA dbZ ckj vuqHko vkrk gS] fo'ks"kdj tutkrh;] igkM+h {ks= ds Nk= ml jkT; dh jktHkk"kk Hkh Bhd izdkj ls ugha tkurs] ,sls le; mudks ogk¡ dh LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa i<+k;k tk, rc og lgh <ax ls lh[k ik;saxsA**

^^fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dk mRd`"V Kku vyx&vyx Hkk"kkvksa esa miyC/k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, foKku dk vf/kd Kku :lh Hkk"kk esa gS] n'kZu dk Kku teZu Hkk"kk esa blh izdkj iqjkrRo] lkfgR; dk vf/kd vPNk Kku Qzkalhlh Hkk"kk esa gSA bu lc izdkj dk Kku gedks pkfg;s rks bldk vuqokn gh fodYi gSA**



gSA vuqokn LokHkkfod Hkk"kk dk fodYi ugha gS ijUrq gekjk ns'k cgqr fo'kky gS] Hkk"kkvksa dh fofo/krk gSa] ,sls le; esa vuqokn vko';d dk;Z gks tkrk gS] ijUrq ;g u gksus ls ge vius gh ns'k ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa ds vPNs lkfgR; ls oafpr jgrs gaSA blh izdkj /kkj.kk cu xbZ gS fd Kku dh Hkk"kk vFkkZr~ vaxzsth ;g v/kZlR; rks gks ldrk gS ijUrq iw.kZ ughaA fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dk mRd`"V Kku vyx&vyx Hkk"kkvksa esa miyC/k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, foKku dk vf/kd Kku :lh Hkk"kk esa gS] n'kZu dk Kku teZu Hkk"kk esa blh izdkj iqjkrRo] lkfgR; dk vf/kd vPNk Kku Qzkalhlh Hkk"kk esa gSA bu lc izdkj dk Kku gedks pkfg;s rks bldk vuqokn gh fodYi gSA ,slk dgk tkrk gS fd tkiku esa oSf'od Lrj ij vPNs Kku dh iqLrd fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk esa Nirh gS rc ogk¡ ,d ekl ds Hkhrj mldk tkikuh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn miyC/k djk;k tkrk gSA gesa Hkkjr dks Kkuoku~ lekt cukuk gS rks viuh Hkk"kkvksa esa Kku miyC/k djkus ls gh ;g laHko gks ik;sxkA

bl f'k{kk uhfr esa fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds laLd`r lfgr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ds foHkkxksa dks lqn`<+ djus dh izfrc)rk O;Dr dh xbZ gSA blh rjg lHkh 'kkL=h; Hkk"kkvksa vkSj lkfgR; dk vè;;u djus okys laLFkkuksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds foLrkj dh ckr dgh xbZ gS vkSj ns'kHkj esa fc[kjh gqbZ yk[kksa ikaMqfyfi;ksa dks ,df=r vkSj lajf{kr djds muds vuqokn rFkk vè;;u djus ds iz;kl dh izfrc)rk n'kkZ;h xbZ gSA

;g oSKkfud rF; gS fd jpukRedrk] l`tukRedrk] uokpkj ,oa 'kks/k&vuqla/kku ekr`Hkk"kk esa gh laHko gSA Hkkjrh; oSKkfud lh-oh-JhukFk 'kkL=h us dgk gS fd esjs vuqHko ds vuqlkj vaxzsth ds ekè;e ls bathfu;fjax dh f'k{kk izkIr djus okys Nk=ksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa i<+s Nk=] vf/kd oSKkfud vuqla/kku djrs gaSA bl uhfr us bl rF; dks Lohdkj djrs gq, izLrkfor ^^Hkkjrh; 'kks/k laLFkku** Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa 'kks/k gsrq vko';d fuf/k dh O;oLFkk djsxkA bl ckr dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr esa ikfy] izkd`r] ,oa Qkjlh Hkk"kk gsrq jk"Vªh; laLFkku LFkkfir djus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS ¼Qkjlh dks blesa lekos'k dk D;k vkSfpR; gS] og le> ls ijs gS½A lkFk gh vkBoha vuqlwph dh 22 Hkk"kkvksa dh vdkneh LFkkfir djus dk vk'oklu fn;k x;k gSA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk] laLd`fr ,oa dyk ds vè;;u gsrq fdlh Hkh mez ds O;fDr gsrq Nk=ko`fr dh O;oLFkk djus dk izko/kku Hkh fd;k tk,xkA lkFk gh uhfr esa orZeku esa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh okLrfod fLFkfr dh LohdkjksfDr Hkh dh gSA ns'k esa xq.koÙkk okys f'k{kdksa dh furkar deh gS ,oa mPp xq.kork okyh lkexzh] ikB~;Øe vkfn dk vHkko gSA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,¡ fo'o esa lcls le`)] vf/kd oSKkfud ,oa

Hkkookgd gSa] bl lR; dks js[kkafdr fd;k x;k gSA

bl izdkj jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr&2020 esa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds laj{k.k] lao/kZu ,oa fodkl foLrkj ds lanHkZ esa vko';d vf/kdrj ckrksa dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gSA ijUrq lcls cM+k iz'u blds fØ;kUo;u dk gSA bl n`f"V ls dsUnz] jkT; rFkk fofHkUu 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa ,oa lkekftd Lrj ij blds fØ;kUo;u dh mfpr fn'kk ,oa O;oLFkk [kM+h djuh gksxhA blh izdkj lekt ds ekul dks ifjofrZr djus dh Hkh Bksl ;kstuk vko';d gSA bl gsrq %&

1- dsUnz ljdkj ds f'k{kk ea=ky; }kjk lapkfyr dsUnzh; fo|ky;] uoksn; fo|ky;] jk"Vªh; eqDr fo|ky; ds ikB~;Øe vkfn Lrj ij d{kk 8 rd dh i<+kbZ vfuok;Z :i ls ekr`Hkk"kk esa gksuh pkfg,A

2- jkT; ljdkjksa dks Hkh blh fn'kk esa dne c<+kus dh ;kstuk ij dk;Z djuk gksxkA

3- lHkh 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa] fo|ky; ls ysdj fo'ofo|ky; rd ds ikB~;Øeksa dks f}Hkk"kk esa djus dh rS;kjh vfr'kh?kzrk ls izkjaHk djuh pkfg,A

4- ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa esa tgka Hkh izkFkfed Lrj ij vaxzsth ekè;e gS] ogk¡ ifjorZu djds ekr`Hkk"kk dk ekè;e ykxw djuk pkfg,A

5- f'k{kk ds lHkh Lrj ds ikB~;Øeksa esa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dk fodYi ,d fuf'pr le; e;kZnk esa nsus gsrq ;kstuk ij 'kh?kzrk ls dk;Z gksuk pkfg,A

bl izdkj dh vkSj vusd ckrsa fØ;kUo;u gsrq lqfuf'pr djuh gksxhA

bl uhfr esa vusd fo"k;ksa ds y{; j[ks x;s gaS ;k fØ;kUo;u gsrq le; e;kZnk lqfuf'pr dh xbZ gSA bl izdkj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lanHkZ esa fØ;kUo;u dh lqfuf'pr ;kstuk ugha fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA bl gsrq dsUnz ljdkj] jkT; ljdkjksa ,oa 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa esa bl uhfr esa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lanHkZ esa tks izfrc)rk O;Dr dh xbZ gS mldk Øec) le;&i=d lqfuf'pr djus ls gh okLrfod fØ;kUo;u laHko gks ik;sxkA vU;Fkk uhfr dh ckrsa dkxtksa esa fleV dj gh jg tk,¡xhA

ftl ns'k ds ukxfjdksa esa viuh Hkk"kk dk LokfHkeku ugha gksrk gS mudks fo'o esa dgha lEeku ugha fey ldrkA bl gsrq lkekftd laLFkkvksa] laxBuksa ,oa fo'ks"k djds f'k{kk txr ds yksxksa dk izeq[k nkf;Ro curk gS fd bl fn'kk esa ns'kO;kih tu tkxj.k vfHk;ku pykdj viuh Hkk"kkvksa dh oSKkfudrk ,oa LokfHkeku txkus gsrq ladYic) gksaA



rRdeZ ;Uu cU/kk; lk fo|k ;k foeqDr;s A

vk;klk;kija deZ fo|vU;k f’kYiuS.ke~~ AA

fo".kq iqjk.k ds izFke Lda/k ds mUuhlosa vè;k; ds 41 osa ’yksd ds vuqlkj deZ og gS tks ca/ku esa Mkys] fo|k og gS tks eqDr dj nsA vU; deZ dsoy Je ek= gSa vkSj vU; fo|k;sa dsoy ;kaf=d fuiq.krk gSA vFkkZr~ okLro esa dgk tk;s rks fo|k ogh gS tks eqDr djrh gS] eqfDr dh vksj ys tkrh gS fdUrq D;k Lora=rk ls ysdj vHkh rd dh gekjh f’k{kk uhfr vkSj gesa izkIr gksus okyh fOk|k@f’k{kk gesa eqfDr dh vksj ys tk jgh Fkh ;k gesa vkSj vf/kd ca/ku ;qDr dj jgh FkhA

mnkgj.k ds fy, ,d vkSj ’yksd fo|k nnkfr fou;e~ vFkkZr~ fo|k fou; iznku djrh gS fdarq ;fn ge vR;f/kd lqf’kf{kr O;fDr vkSj ,d fuj{kj O;fDr ds lkekU; O;ogkj dks ns[ksaxs rks ifj.kke foijhr gh izkIr gksaxsA ftruh cM+h fMxzh mruk gh vf/kd lekt vkSj lkekU; tu ls nwjh rks D;k ;s fo|k xq.kdkjh gS ;k vusd izdkj ds ca/kuksa ls ;qDrdjhA

Hkkjr o"kZ esa Lora=rk ds i’pkr~ vusd f’k{kk vk;ksxksa dk xBu vkSj mudh vuq’kalk;sa vkbZaA ;Fkk jk/kkd``".ku~ vk;ksx] eqjyh/kju~ vk;ksx] jkeewfrZ vk;ksx] dksBkjh vk;ksx vkfnA 1968 esa MkW +nkSyr flag dksBkjh dh vè;{krk esa izFke jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr uke ls vusd vuq’kalk,¡ izLrqr dh xbZ vkSj bl uhfr dh izLrkouk esa mUgksaus Lo;a fy[kk fd nqHkkZX; gS fd Hkkjr dh f’k{kk O;oLFkk Hkkjr dsfUnzr u gksdj ;wjksi dsfUnzr gS vkSj ge vkt Hkh ekufld xqyke gh vius ns’k esa cus jgsA uhfr;k¡ rks vkSj Hkh vkbaZa ij f’k{kk jk"Vªh; u gks ldhA

lu~ 1836 rd f’k{kk ds {ks= esa

’kr&izfr’kr lk{kj jgus okyk vkSj ’kklu eqDr O;oLFkk ls lapkfyr f’k{kkuhfr ij pyus okyk Hkkjr viuh gh f’k{kk i)fr dks Hkwy x;k\ ;g vk’p;Z dk fo"k; gSA

varksxRok 2015 ls ysdj 2020 rd ik¡p o"kZ ds lrr~ ifjJe] <kbZ yk[k ls vf/kd yksxksa ds lq>ko vkSj varfj{k dh lhek,¡ ukius okys nwjn’khZ ds +dLrqjhjaxu th vkSj mudh Vksyh ds vf}rh; ifjJe ds mijkar cgqizfrf{kr jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020 ns’k ds lEeq[k j[kh xbZ gSA ftldk ân; ls Lokxr vkSj vfHkuanu gSA 36 o"kZ ds i’pkr~ dqN Bksl fu.kZ; vkSj 70 o"kZ ds i’pkr~ Hkkjr dsfUnzr f’k{kk uhfr vc okLro esa ^^lk fo|k ;k foeqDr;s** dks pfjrkFkZ dj jgh gSA dqN fo’ks"k fcanq tks esjs bl dFku dks iq"V djrs gSaA

uke ifjorZu&ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky;

Hkkjrh; f’k{kk dk blls cM+k nqHkkZX; vkSj D;k gksxk fd f’k{kk tSls loZizeq[k fo"k; dks ns[kus okys foHkkx vkSj ea=ky; dk uke gh fojks/kkHkklh vkSj vfiz; j[kk x;k ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky;] D;k ekuo dh lalk/kuksa ls rqyuk laHko gS\ ekuo ds fy, lalk/ku midj.k gks ldrs gSa fdUrq dj.k ds :Ik es dsUnz rks ekuo gh gksxk vkSj mlds ;kfu euq"; fuekZ.k djus okyh f’k{kk ,sls vO;ogkfjd uke okys ea=ky; ds vUrxZr vk jgh FkhA vr% bl foHkkx dks f’k{kk ea=ky; vkSj laHkkyus okys ea=h dks f’k{kk ea=h uke ifjofrZr dj iwoZ dh xyfr;ksa ls eqfDr iznku dj Hkkjr ds izFke iz/kku ea=h iafMr tokgj yky usg: ds eaf=eaMy esa izFke f’k{kk vkSj laLd``fr ea=h jgs ekSykuk vCnqy dyke dh rjg gh vc orZeku Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h Jh ujsUnz nkeksnj nkl eksnh th ds ekxZn’kZu esa f’k{kk ea=h Jh jes’k iks[kfj;ky th fu’kad gSaA

f’k{kk ’kklu eqDr gks

jk”Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr ^^lk fo|k ;k...


MkW + fidsa’kyrk j?kqoa’kh]

’kSf{kd fpard] ysf[kdk

dk;Zdkjh lnL;

cjdrmYyk fo’ofo|ky;] Hkksiky




oSfnd dkyhu le; ls gh f’k{kk jkt ’kklu ds eqDr jgh gS vkSj blfy, Hkkjro"kZ ij Hkys gh vusd vkØe.k gq, gksa vkSj mldh HkkSxksfyd] lkaLd``frd thou dks izHkkfor fd;k gks fdUrq r{kf’kyk] ukyank tSls xq#dqy lnSo f’k{kk ds {ks= esa Hkkjr dks fo’oxq# cuk;s jgsA v¡xzstksa ds vkxeu ds i’pkr~ Hkh 1822 esa muds }kjk gh fd, x, losZ ftldk mYys[k /keZiky th }kjk fyf[kr ’kks/kxzaFk ^^n C;qVhQqy Vªh** esa fd;k x;k gS fd caxky izslhMaslh ds gh ,d yk[k xkao fo|ky; ls ;qDr FksA enzkl vkSj ckEcs ds ,d Hkh xkao fo|ky; foghu ugha Fks vFkkZr~ Hkkjr ’kr&izfr’kr lk{kjrk okyk ns’k Fkk tgk¡ f’k{kk dh O;oLFkk ’kklu ds ctk, lekt ds gkFkksa esa FkhA orZeku le; esa gh mlh dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, bl uhfr esa jk"Vªh; f’k{kk vk;ksx ds xBu dk lq>ko gks ftlesa iz/kkuea=h dh vè;{krk eas f’k{kk ea=h ds vfrfjDr lHkh lnL; dsoy f’k{kkfon~ gksaxs vkSj f’k{kk ls lEcfU/kr fo"k;ksa dk fu.kZ; f’k{kk ls lacaf/kr yksx gh ys ldsa D;ksafd blls csgrj dkSu ys ldrk gS\

jk"Vªh;rk vkSj Hkkjr cks/k

dsoy ik’pkR; Kku gh loZJs"B bl vo/kkj.kk ls eqDr djrs gq, bl f’k{kk uhfr esa Hkkjrh; lkaLd``frd tM+ksa dks Lohdkj dj Hkkjr cks/k fo"k; dks iwoZ izkFkfed d{kkvksa ls ysdj mPp d{kkvksa ds ikB~;Øe esa lfEefyr dj LFkkuh; ftys ls ysdj izkar vkSj jk"Vª dh lEiw.kZ HkkSxksfyd] lkaLd`frd vkSj ,sfrgkfld vè;;u dks vfuok;Z fo"k; ds :Ik esa lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dks egÙo

vaxzsth dh egÙkk ds feFkd ls eqfDr fnykrs gq, Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds egÙo ij cy fn;k x;k gSA izkFkfed f’k{kk dk ekè;e dsoy ekr``Hkk"kk vkSj vU; d{kkvksa esa Hkh ekr``Hkk"kk esa gh f’k{kk miyC/k gks] lkFk gh laLd``r vkSj f=Hkk"kk O;oLFkk }kjk dksbZ Hkh

fons’kh Hkk"kk ds vè;;u dh lqfo/kk jgsxhA

lajpukRed cnyko

,d cM+k lajpukRed cnyko 10 o 2 o 3 dks cnydj 5 o 3 o 3 o 4 ,d Økafrdkjh cnyko gS ftlesa f’k’kq f’k{kk ds egÙo dks le>rs gq, igys rhu o"kZ dks iwoZ izkFkfed f’k{kk vkaxuckM+h esa vkSj fQj d{kk ,d vkSj nks rd iwoZ izkFkfed ds fy, fØ;kRed :Ik esa i<+sssxs ftlesa djds fl[kuk gSA tgk¡ vk/kkjHkwr fo"k;ksa jaxksa] dyk] v{kj ,oa vad Kku cLrkfoghu ,oa xfrfof/k vk/kkfjr f’k{kk fn;k tk,xkA d{kk rhu ls ik¡p esa foKku] xf.kr] dyk vkfn dh i<+kbZ gksxhA d{kk 6 Bh ls vkB rd fo"k;ksa ds lkFk dkS’ky vk/kkfjr f’k{kk feysxh vkSj d{kk 9 ls 12 rd fo"k;kas dk p;u dh Lora=rk gksxh] tgk¡ og foKku ds lkFk lkfgR; ;k laxhr dk vè;;u dj ldsxkA dkS’ky fodkl ds fo"k; mls O;olk; dh [kkst djus okyh f’k{kk ugha vfirq O;olk;h cuus okyh f’k{kk iznku djsaxsA

Tkhouksi;ksxh f’k{kk

Lokeh foosdkuan ckj&ckj ;gh dgrs Fks fd gesa euq"; fuekZ.k djus okyh f’k{kk pkfg, vFkkZr~ euq"; dks euq"; cuk;s] e’khu ugha] tgk¡ laosnukvksa vkSj Hkkoukvksa dk vHkko u gksA ,d vPNs fpfdRld] bathfu;j] vf/koDrk ;k cSad vf/kdkjh ds lkFk mlesa vPNs ukxfjd ds xq.k vk,A blfy, mPp f’k{kk esa Lis’khykbts’ku fo"k; rKrk ds lkFk 50 izfr’kr mls lkfgR;] bfrgkl] lkaLd``frd ckrsa i<+uh gksxh ftlls mlesa ukxfjdrk ds izFke drZO; fl[kk;s tk ldsa vU;Fkk vHkh ge ns[krs gSa fd ch +dkWe +fMxzh /kkjd ;qok dks cSad dh fLyi Hkjus esa dfBukbZ vkrh gSA

vuqla/kku dks egÙo

jk"Vªh; vuqla/kku vk;ksx ¼,uvkj,Q½ ds xBu ls ’kks/k vkSj vuqla/kku dks cy feysxk vkSj ’kks/k dh egÙkk c<+sxhA orZeku le; esa izfro"kZ Hkkjr esa 30000 ih +,p +Mh +vokMZ gksrh gS fdUrq D;k os okLro esa lektksi;ksxh ;k jk"Vªksi;ksxh gSa\ blfy, ,sls iz;ksxksa vkSj ’kks/k ladYiksa dks tks lkekftd] jk"Vªh; vFkok vUrjjk"Vªh; leL;kvksa ds lek/kku gsrq gksaxs mu ij lEiw.kZ O;; jk"Vªh; vuqla/kku vk;ksx

^^r{kf’kyk] ukyank tSls xq#dqy lnSo f’k{kk ds {ks= esa Hkkjr dks fo’oxq# cuk;s jgsA v¡xzstksa ds vkxeu ds i’pkr~ Hkh 1822 esa muds }kjk gh fd, x, losZ ftldk mYys[k /keZiky th }kjk fyf[kr ’kks/kxzaFk ^^n C;qVhQqy Vªh** esa fd;k x;k gS fd caxky izslhMaslh ds gh ,d yk[k xkao fo|ky; ls ;qDr FksA enzkl vkSj ckEcs ds ,d Hkh xkao fo|ky; foghu ugha Fks vFkkZr~ Hkkjr ’kr&izfr’kr lk{kjrk okyk ns’k Fkk tgk¡ f’k{kk dh O;oLFkk ’kklu ds ctk, lekt ds gkFkksa esa FkhA**

,d vPNs fpfdRld] bathfu;j] vf/koDrk ;k cSad vf/kdkjh ds lkFk mlesa vPNs ukxfjd ds xq.k vk,A blfy, mPp f’k{kk esa fo"k;rKrk ¼Lis’khykbts’ku½ ds lkFk 50 izfr’kr mls lkfgR;] bfrgkl] lkaLd``frd ckrsa i<+uh gksxh ftlls mlesa ukxfjdrk ds izFke drZO; fl[kk;s tk ldsa



djsxk ftlds fy, i``Fkd ls 22 gtkj djksM+ ds ctV dk izko/kku fd;k tk,xkA

oSf’od ig¡qp

ge lnSo gkoZMZ] vkDlQksMZ fo’ofo|ky;ksa dh mRd``"Vrk vkSj mudks Hkkjr esa ykus dh ckr djrs gSa ij ,d ØkfUrdkjh igy djrs gq, bl f’k{kk uhfr esa Hkkjr ds fo’ofo|ky;ksa dks fons’kksa esa [kksyus dh ckr dh xbZ gS A fons’kh fo’ofo|ky;ksa ds dSEil Hkkjr esa gksaxs ftlls fons’kksa tkus okyh izfrHkk ;gh bl ns’k esa jg dj mPp f’k{kk izkIr dj ldsxh ftls gekjh iw¡th ckgj ugha tk,xhA ge Hkkjrh; fparu dks Hkkjr dh lhekvksa ls eqDr djrs gq, oSf’od txr dh vksj ys tk ik,¡xsA

f’k{kdksa dk lEeku

fdlh Hkh f’k{kk dk es#naM f’k{kd gh gksrk gSA mldk LFkku loksZifj gksuk pkfg,A vr% mldk izf’k{k.k Hkh mlh vuq:Ik gks bl gsrq pkj ls ik¡p o"kZ ds ch +,M +dksLkZ dh ckr dh tk jgh gSA f’k{k.k izkFkfedrk cusa vkSj fo’ofo|ky;ksa ds lcls mRd``"V Nk= f’k{k.k dk;Z

dks viuk,¡A ckbZpkal ugha cfYd ckbZPokbl f’k{kd dk in xzg.k fd;k tk, vkSj mldh xq.koÙkk vkSj egÙo dks LFkk;h j[kus dk xkSjo cuk, j[kus dk ftEek Hkh f’k{kd Lo;a cuk, j[ks ,slh O;oLFkk dh bldk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA

,sls vusdkusd ØkfUrdkjh vkSj Hkkjr dks fo’oxq# cukus okys fu.kZ; bl jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr esa fy, x, gSaA tks lqIr iM+h f’k{kk O;oLFkk dks iquZthfor gh ugha ÅtkZfUor djus dk leFkZ Hkh j[krs gSaA

dksBkjh vk;ksx dh vuq’kalk,¡ Hkh vHkwriwoZ Fkh ij lQy ugha gks ikbZa blfly, bl f’k{kk uhfr dh leLr vfHkauo lq>koksa dks ykxw djus esa ’kklu dh bPNk ’kfDr] f’k{kdksa dh rRijrk] vdknfed usr`Ro dk nkf;Ro ysus dh ea’kk] ’kks/kdrkZvksa] vfHkHkkodksa vkSj Nk=ksa ds lkFk&lkFk lEiw.kZ lekt ds lg;ksx ij fuHkZj gSA

var eas ,d vkxzg fd ’kklu viuh jktuSfrd bPNk ’kfDr ds cy ij bl u;h f’k{kk uhfr dks ykxw djus ds fy, izfrc) gSA bl uhfr dks lQyrk mlds ;’k dk nkf;Ro ge lc ij gS dh ge rHkh fo’okl iwoZd dg eusaxs gSa ^^lk fo|k ;k foeqDr;s**A

f'k{kk lrr pyus okyh izfØ;k gS] iz;ksx rFkk lk/kuk gS] vkSj lk/kuk ,slh tks viuh vfLerk dks lqjf{kr j[kus esa o mldh o``f) djus esa lgk;d gksA blh dkj.k brus vkØe.kksa dks lgus ds ckn Hkh ge vkSj gBh cus gSa rFkk gekjk eukscy Hkh Å¡pk gqvk gSA ,slh Hkkoksa dh ifjiqf"V djus ij gh f'k{kk dh lkFkZdrk gSA vkt Hkkjr dh orZeku f'k{kk esa vko';drk mldk fodYi nsus dh gSA vusd Ik;Zos{kdksa dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj 1835 rd bl ns'k dh f'k{kk mPp dksfV dh FkhA ml le; Hkkjr ds xk¡oksa esa tks fo"k; i<+k, tkrs Fks] vkDlQksMZ vkSj dSEczht esa Hkh mldk izfriknu ml le; ugha gqvk FkkA lekt esa ,d vkSj HkzkfUr mRiUu dh xbZ dh fd f'k{kk ikus] nsus dk gd dsoy czkã.k oxZ ds yksxksa dk FkkA ;g loZFkk fujk/kkj gSA lHkh oxksaZ dk izfrfuf/kRo FkkA ml le; dh f'k{kk ljdkj }kjk iksf"kr u gksdj lekt }kjk iksf"kr FkhA lekt esa vkpk;Z dk lEeku Fkk] mldh thfodk dh fpark lekt djrk FkkA f'k{kk iz.kkyh ,slh Fkh fd og thou ds dk;Z O;ogkj esa mi;ksxh FkhA n'kZu'kkL=] rdZ'kkL=] dh f'k{kk ,sls mnkgj.kksa ds lfgr nh tkrh Fkh fd og vklkuh ls le> esa vk tkrh FkhA lkekftd ifjos'k ds vuq:i gh f'k{kk nh tkrh FkhA vkpk;Z yksdk/kkfjr f'k{kk nsrk FkkA mnkgj.k Lo:Ik oS| /kUoarfj vius f'k"; dh ijh{kk ysrs gq, ,slh tM+h&cwVh dh [kkst djus dks dgk ftldk vkS"k/k ds :Ik esa dksbZ mi;ksx u gksA og vlQy jgk ij ijh{kk eas mÙkh.kZ ekuk x;k D;ksafd ,slh dksbZ tM+h&cwVh Fkh ugha ftldk dksbZ vkS"k/k mi;ksx u gksA vè;kiu dsoy iqLrdksa dk gh i<+uk ugha vfirq ,d dyk gSA

if'pe ds yksxksa us mifuos'kokn ds leFkZu esa ds fy, 300&400 o"kksZa esa iqutkZxj.k ds uke ls dqN vLkR;rkvksa dh] tks foKku ds :Ik esa vlá Fkh] dh LFkkiuk dhA gekjs lekt esa euq"; ,d 'kfDr gS] ,d pSrU; izk.kh gSA ;g ml thoUr o``{k ds leku gS tks [kkn o ikuh ds vHkko esa lw[k rks tkrk gS ijUrq ;g mls izkIr djrs gh iqu% gjkHkjk gks tkrk gSA vesfjdk ds vUrfj{k dk;Z ds vk/ks ls vf/kd Hkkx Hkkjrh;ksa ds cycwrs pyrk gSA vkt fons'kksa esa vusd {ks=ksa esa Hkkjrh;ksa dk opZLo gS A vkt Hkkjr esa foiqy ek=k esa HkwxHkZ lEink] izd``fr dh laink :Ik esa izpqj vkS"kf/k;k¡] bruk lkeF;Z] xaxk ?kkVh ls c<+dj moZjrk dgha ugha gS] fQj ge ghurk ls xzLr D;ksa gSa\ vkt vko';drk gS fd ghurk ls lekt dks eqfDr fnykbZ tk,A

izfl) fpard o fopkjd Jh fo|kfuokl feJiwoZ dqyifr lEiw.kkZuan laLd`r fo'ofo|ky; &okjk.klh



^^lkoZHkkSfed mPpLrjh; f’k{kk ns’k dh le`) izfrHkk vkSj lalk/kuksa dk loksZÙke fodkl rFkk lao/kZu djus okyk og mfpr ekè;e gS ftldk mi;ksx O;fDr] lekt] jk"Vª vkSj fo’o dh HkykbZ ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA** bu ’kCnksa esa jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020 ds egÙo dks Li"V djrs gq, Hkkjr ljdkj ds f’k{kk ea=ky; us viuh f’k{kk uhfr dks ns’k ds lkeus izLrqr fd;k gSA ;g y{; izkIr djus ds fy, laiw.kZ uhfr dks ftl euksfoKku dk vk/kkj pkfg, og bls feyk ;k ugha rFkk blds ekè;e ls ftl ifjiw.kZ ekuo ds fy, ftu laLdkjksa ls laLdkfjr gksus dh O;oLFkk pkfg, og bl nLrkost esa miyC/k gS ;k ugha ;g ns[kuk gksxkA

dqy pkj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd, x, bl nLrkost dk igyk Hkkx fo|ky;hu f’k{kk ij dsfUnzr gSA nwljs Hkkx esa mPprj f’k{kk] rhljs Hkkx esa vU; dsfUnz; fopk.kh; eqn~~ns rFkk pkSFks Hkkx esa fØ;kUo;u dh j.kuhfr dks Li"V fd;k x;k gSA igys Hkkx ds 8 foHkkx] nwljs ds 11] rhljs ds 5 ,oa pkSFks ds 3 foHkkx feykdj dqy 27 foHkkxksa esa fyfic) fd;k x;k gSA bu 27 foHkkxksa esa f’k{kk ls tqM+s dqy 308 fcUnqvksa dh O;k[;k djrs gq, bl f’k{kk uhfr dks foLrkj ls le>us ds fy, ;g ,d izk.kkfed iz;kl gSA bl nLrkost ds 25 osa foHkkx ds nwljs fcUnq dks ,d gh okD; esa Li"V djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd vf/kxe vkSj f’k{kk ij è;ku dsfUnzr djus ds fy, okaNuh; gksxk fd ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dks f’k{kk ea=ky; ds :Ik esa iqu% ukfer fd;k tk,A

eu esa iz’u ;g mBrk gS fd uke cnyuk bruk egÙoiw.kZ gS] lu~ 1952 ls 1986 rd dqy 34 o"kksZa rd ;g f’k{kk ea=ky; gh FkkA 1986 esa bls ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dk uke fn;k x;kA rRdkyhu f’k{kk ea=h]

f’k{kk vf/kdkjh ,oa f’k{kk {ks= ds egkuqHkkoksa us tc ns[kk fd f’f{kr gksdj vius vki dks ukSdjh djus ;ksX; cukuk gh tc bl f’k{kk dk vafre ifj.kke fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS rks D;ksa u ekuo dks lalk/ku ds :Ik esa gh ns[kk tk, vkSj mlh ifjf/k esa mls fodflr djus dh f’k{kk nh tk,A blh lksp ls ea=ky; dk uke ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; j[kk x;k FkkA

f’k{kk dks ifjiw.kZ ekuo cukus ds y{; ls gVk dj ifjiw.kZ ukSdj cukus ds y{; rd lhfer dj fn;k x;kA ekuo] tks fd lalk/kuksa dk fuekZrk ,oa mi;ksx drkZ gS mls gh ,d lalk/ku eku fy;k x;kA ifj.kker% f’k{kk esa vkewypwy ifjorZu dh ckr mBus yxhA f’k{kk vk;ksxksa dk le;≤ ij xBu gqvkA muds dqN lq>ko ekus x,] fØ;kfUor Hkh fd, x, ijUrq tc y{; gh lhfer dj fn;k x;k gks rks Hkyk ekSfyd lq>ko Hkh dgk¡ ls vkrsA ;g ,d la;ksx gh dgk tk,xk fd iqu% ,d ckj Bhd 34 o"kksZa ds ckn gh f’k{kk dk u;k izk:Ik vk;k gSA bl izk:Ik dh lajpuk djrs gq, tc dye ,oa cqf) izk;% vafre Nksj rd vkbZ rks jpukdkjksa dks vius vki ij fo’okl gqvk fd ;g f’k{kk uhfr vc ekuo dks ifjiw.kZ cukus esa l{ke gks ldrh gSA vr% vc mls lalk/ku ds nk;js ls eqDr djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh tk,A ;gh lkspdj 25 osa foHkkx esa n``<+rk ds lkFk ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dks iqu% ,d ckj f’k{kk ea=ky; dk uke nsdj f’k{kk ,oa mlds y{; dk nk;jk c<+k fn;k x;kA euq"; dks ifjiw.kZ cukuk gh f’k{kk dk è;s; gSA Education is man making

mission. bl ckr dh Lohd`fr dk gh izrhd gS uke ifjorZuA

bl jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr esa ea=ky; ds uke ifjorZu ls gksus okys euksoSKkfud ifjorZu ds vk/kkj ij f’k{kk dks ml ekè;e

euksfoKku ds ifjizs{; eas jk”Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr


Jh y{ehukjk;.k Hkkyk

ofj"B fpard] ys[kd]

lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ]

f’k{kkfon~] dfo o lkfgR;dkj

iwoZ laxBu ea=h] fo|kFkhZ ifj"kn~

iwoZ lg ea=h] fo|k Hkkjrh




ds :Ik esa ns[kk x;k gS ftldk mi;ksx O;fDr] lekt] jk"Vª vkSj fo’o dh HkykbZ ds fy, gksA Li"V gS fd bl ekè;e ls izHkkfor gksus okyk igyk rÙo O;fDr gSA gj O;fDr xHkkZoLFkk ls ysdj e``rkoLFkk rd vukSipkfjd :Ik ls f’k{kk xzg.k djrk jgrk gS] f’k{kk xzg.k djus dk vkSipkfjd Lo:i dks gh vk;q dh lhek esa ck¡/kk tk ldrk gSA Hkkx 1 esa ogh n’kkZ;k x;k gSA xHkkZoLFkk ls ysdj tUe gksus ckn 3 o"kZ dh vk;q rd f’k{kk dk izk:Ik iw.kZr% ?kjsyw gksA ekr`` nqX/k] ekr`` Lusg ,oa ekr``Hkk"kk ml f’k’kq dks ;Fkk le;] ;Fkksfpr Lo:Ik esa izkIr gksA ;gh mlds Hkfo"; ds vk/kkj cusaxsA ’kS’ko dky ds bu rhu o"kksZa ds ckn mls vkSipkfjd f’k{kk ds lkewfgd ifjos’k eas Hkstk tk,A lkewfgd f’k{kk ds fy, vcrd viuk;s x, lw= dks bl f’k{kk uhfr esa iwjh rjg ls cny fn;k x;k gSA vc rd viuk, x, 10] 2] 3 esa 10 o 2 gh fo|ky; f’k{kk ds gSa] ckn okys rhu o"kZ egkfo|ky;hu f’k{kk ds gksus ds dkj.k mls ;gk¡ ls gVk dj fo|ky;hu f’k{kk esa f’k’kq okfVdk ;k vkaxuokM+h dks egÙo nsrs gq, mls tksM+k x;k gSA bl izdkj 3 o"kksZa dks izkFkfed f’k{kk ds 2 o"kZ ds lkFk tksM+dj igyk iM+ko 5 o"kZ dk cuk;k x;k gSA ckn ds 10 o"kZ dks rhu Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS 3 o"kZ] 3 o"kZ vkSj 4 o"kZA bl izdkj egkfo|ky;hu f’k{kk ds ifjos’k dks fo|ky;hu f’k{kk ls vyx djrs gq, 5] 3] 3] 4 bu pkj iM+koksa ds vuqdwy ifjos’k dh fo’ks"krk dks egÙo fn;k x;k gSA izFke 5 o"kZ ’kS’ko ls ckY;dky esa izos’k dk dky[kaM gSA ;gk¡ ml voLFkk dk fopkj djrs gq, Lusgk/kkfjr ifjos’k ,oa Lusgiw.kZ O;ogkj nsus okys f’k{kd] f’kf{kdkvksa dh fu;qfDr dk è;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg,] bl ckr ij cy fn;k x;k gSA ;|fi bu ik¡p o"kksZa ds foHkktu ij f’k{kkfonksa ,oa ljdkjh ra= dks ,d ckj leh{kk djrs gq, lkspus dh vko’;drk gSA ,slk eq>s yxrk gSA bu 5 o"kksZa dks 3 o 2 uk djrs gq, 2 o 3 fd;k tk, rks euksfoKku dh n``f"V ls vf/kd mi;ksxh gksxk ,slk eSa ekurk gw¡A ^yky;sr~ iapo"kkZf.k* dk lw= Hkh ;gh ladsr nsrk gSA vr% 3 o"kZ ?kj ,oa 2 o"kZ ?kj ds leku fo|ky; dk ifjos’k jgsA f’k{kdksa dk vuqHko Hkh mUgsa blh fu"d"kZ ij igq¡pk,xkA bldk eq>s fo’okl gSA

vc ge ckn esa fn, x, 3 o"kZ ds dky[kaM dk fopkj djsa rks ml ckyd dh vk;q lhek 8 ls 11 o"kZ rd gksxh ;g euq"; dh ml vk;q oxZ ds chp dk ,d dky [kaM gS tks lokZf/kd xzg.k’khyrk

dk dky[kaM ekuk tkrk gSA euksfoKku dgrk gS fd 6 ls 13 o"kZ rd dh vk;q euq"; dh gh lokZf/kd xzg.k’khyrk dk dky[kaM gSA vr% 8 ls 11 dk ;g dky [kaM fØ;k vk/kkfjr ifjos’k okyk gksA ;gh ml vk;q dh vko’;drk gSA f’k{kk uhfr esa igys 5 o"kZ dks Qkm.Ms’ku ;k cqfu;kn vFkok uhao etcwr djus dk gS rks ckn ds 3 o"kZ fizijsVjh vFkkZr~ izkjfEHkd f’k{kk dk ntkZ fn;k gSA bl vk;q lhek dks thou dk lokZf/kd laosnu’khy vk;q oxZ dgk tkuk pkfg,A ;g fd’kksjkoLFkk dk og dky [kaM gS tc L=h&iq#"k Hksn dh Li"Vrk ’kkjhfjd] fØ;kdyki ,oa xBu izfØ;k ls mtkxj gksus yxrh gSA f’k’kq ;k ckyd voLFkk esa tks Li’kZ ,d nwljs dks vkuan ;k mYykl nsrk Fkk ogha Li’kZ bl vk;q oxZ mÙkstuk ,oa fodkj fuekZ.k djus yxrk gSA bl dky[kaM ds fo|kFkhZ dks bl mÙkstuk ,oa fodkj ls eqDr djuk ;k mckjuk gks rks ;ksx dk lgkjk vR;ar vko’;d gSA ;|fi lEiw.kZ thou gh ;ksx vk/kkfjr gksuk mi;ksxh gksrk gS ijUrq 11 ls 14 dh fd’kksjkoLFkk ldkjkRed fn’kk esa lfØ; jgs ,slk pkgrs gSa rks bls ;ksx vk/kkfjr cuk, j[kuk cgqr gh egÙoiw.kZ gSA blh vk;q oxZ dh lhek esa ckfydk ;qorh ds :Ik esa ifjofrZr gksuk mldh LokHkkfod ’kkjhfjd izfØ;k gSA mldk jtLoyk gksuk] mldh ckSf)d ,oa ekufld fLFkfr ij ,oa vkpj.k ij Hkh izHkko Mkyrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa mls ;ksX; ekxn’kZu djus okyksa ,oa lko/kkfu;ksa dk è;ku fnykus okys ekxZn’kZd dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA bl iM+ko dh bl uhfr izk:Ik esa fefMy vFkkZr~ mPp izkFkfed f’k{kk dk Lrj fn;k gSA fo|ky;hu f’k{kk dk vafre iM+ko 4 o"kZ dk j[kk x;k gSA vk;qoxZ 14 ls 18 o"kZ bl fd’kksjkoLFkk ls ;qokoLFkk esa izos’k djus okys dky[kaM dks lsds.Mjh vFkkZr~ ekè;fed f’k{kk dk dky[kaM ekuk x;k gSA bl vk;q oxZ eas O;fDr dks vius Hkfo"; dh ;kstuk] Hkfo"; ds lius rFkk Hkfo"; dk ekxZ fuf’pr djus dh fpark lrkus yxrh gSA ;gh og dky [kaM gS tc mls lgh lykg nsus okys fe= dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA ^yky;sr~ iapo"kkZf.k] n’ko"kkZf.k rkM~;sr~ vFkkZr~ rkM+uk ;kfu è;ku j[kuk] lko/kkuh cjruk vkfn ds ckjs esa dgk x;k gSA blds ckn ^izkIrsrq "kksM"ks o"kZs] iq=a fe=onkpjsr~~ * vFkkZr~ lksygosa o"kZ esa izos’k djus ds ckn ekrk&firk dks viuh larku ds izfr fe=or~ vkpj.k djuk pkfg,A ekrk&firk vFkok xq# ;k f’k{kd dk fe=or~ vkpj.k bl vk;q oxZ dh egrh vko’;drk gSA ;g lkSHkkX; izkIr gksus okys ;qod&;qofr;ksa dks HkkX;oku gh ekuuk gksxkA bl voLFkk esa deZ vk/kkfjr ifjos’k vko’;d gSA mls tkWc csLM ifjos’k dgk tk ldrk gSA bl f’k{kk uhfr ds 3 o 2 o 3 o 4 dks ;|fi 2 o 3 o 3 o 4 bl :Ik esa vf/kd lkFkZd ekurk gw¡A ijUrq 10 o 2 o 3 dh rqyuk esa dbZ xquk ;ksX; ,oa QynkbZ gksus dkj.k ;g Lokxr ;ksX; gSA blfy, bls vkewy ifjorZu djus dk lkgl

^^bl f’k{kk uhfr esa ^fo|kFkhZ* dks ykHkkfUor gksus okyk ;k iwjh O;oLFkk ds dsUnz fcUnq ds ukrs gh ns[kk x;k gSA fo|kFkhZ dsfUnzr bl fparu esa f’k{kd ;k vkpk;Z dh Hkwfedk Hkh blh :Ik esa js[kkafdr dh xbZ gSA**



fn[kkus okyh uhfr ds :Ik esa ge ns[krs gSaA

bl f’k{kk uhfr esa ^fo|kFkhZ* dks ykHkkfUor gksus okyk ;k iwjh O;oLFkk ds dsUnz fcUnq ds ukrs gh ns[kk x;k gSA fo|kFkhZ dsfUnzr bl fparu esa f’k{kd ;k vkpk;Z dh Hkwfedk Hkh blh :Ik esa js[kkafdr dh xbZ gSA fo|kFkhZ dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, gh fo|ky;hu iz’kklu viuh O;oLFkkvksa dh fpark djs bl izdkj dh ckrksa dk cgqr gh Li"V fo’ys"k.k bl nLrkost esa fd;k x;k gSA fo|kFkhZ ds fy, ftu ik¡p ckrksa dh furkar vko’;drk gS mu ik¡pksa ckrksa dk Hkh bl uhfr fu/kkZjd nLrkost esa foLr`r foospu fd;k x;k gSA

fo|k Hkkjrh esa dk;Zjr jg dj 26 o"kZ rd f’k{kk {ks= ds ldkjkRed ,oa oSdfYid O;oLFkk ij lkspus] le>us] fy[kus ,oa djus dk lkSHkkX; eq>s izkIr gqvk gSA mlh ds cycwrs eSaus f’k{kk ea=ky; dks vius lq>ko izsf"kr fd, FksA ^f’k{kk iapke`r* uked esjh iqLrd Hkh ea=ky; dks nh FkhA ;|fi eSa bl nkos ds lkFk ugha dg ldrk fd 10 o 2 o 3 dh i)fr dks lekIr dj dsoy iwoZ izkFkfed ,oa fo|ky;hu f’k{kk dks vyx ls fopkj gksuk pkfg,] ;g ckr dsoy eSaus gh fy[kh gksA tcfd ;g rks dg gh ldrk gw¡ fd ,slk lq>ko nsus okys lSdM+ksa yksxksa esa ls eSa Hkh ,d jgk gw¡A bl nLrkost esa fo|kFkhZ dsfUnzr fparu ds vk/kkj ij gh fo|kFkhZ ftu ik¡p ?kVdksa ds lgkjs fo|ktZu djrk gS mldk Hkh foLr``r foospu fd;k x;k gSA mu ik¡p ?kVdksa dk Lo:Ik dSlk gks ;g vc lkspk tkuk pkfg,] ogha bl uhfr ds fØ;kUo;u dk izeq[k vk/kkj gksxkA vr% mu ik¡p ?kVdksa dk ge fopkj djsaA

fo|kFkhZ ds fy, ftu ik¡p ?kVdksa dh vko’;drk gS os gSa ikB~;Øe] iBu&ikBu] ijh{k.k] izca/ku ,oa izf’k{k.kA ikB~;Øe fu/kkZj.k ,oa fuekZ.k dk dk;Z dsoy fo|ky;hu f’k{kk gh ugha oju~ mPp ,oa mPprj f’k{kk ds fy, Hkh vfuok;Z gSA vr% ikB~;Øe fo|kFkhZ ds gj vk;q oxZ dk ,oa Lrj dk fopkj djrs gq, yphyk] lgt] ljy] rjy] lqxe ,oa lqyHk gks( ftls lgst dj j[kuk] lh[kuk] vkRelkr djuk fdlh Hkh fo|kFkhZ ds fy, vklku gksA la{ksi esa dgs rks og ty/kehZ gksA blh ikB~;Øe dks i<+kus ds fy, f’k{kd vkSj Nk= dk vuqikr 1&25 dk gks] ,slk bl uhfr nLrkost esa fn;k x;k gSA ;g fuf’pr gh vkn’kZ fLFkfr gksxhA iBu&ikBu pkgs d{kk&d{k esa gks] ?kj esa gks ;k fdlh ikBnku dsUnz ij gks og ân; Li’khZ gksxk] jkspd gksxk] Kku&fiiklk dks c<+kus okyk gksxk] ’kSf{kd okrkoj.k dks izQqfYyr djus okyk o lqjE; ’kkar okrkoj.k okyk gksxkA ikBnku ;k iBu&ikBu izfØ;k fo|kFkhZ ds eu esa fo|eku iw.kZrk] tks fd cht :Ik esa gS] mls Li’kZ dj ldsa rks fuf’pr gh cht ds vadqj.k esa lgk;d gksxkA cht dks feV~~Vh dk Li’kZ vkSj

ikuh feys rks mldk vadqfjr gksuk fuf’pr gSA vr% iBu&ikBu dks feV~~Vh/kehZ gksuk pkfg,A

rhljh ckr gS ijh{k.kA lk/kkj.kr% ijh{kk dk uke lqurs gh ,d Hk; fpark vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks ,d vkrad fo|kFkhZ ds eu&efLr"d esa Nk tkrk gSA ijh{kk dk le; mlds fy, d"Vnk;h cu tkrk gS] tcfd og vkuUnnkbZ gksuk pkfg,A ogh mldh izxfr dk ,d }kj gS ;k iM+ko gSA ijh{kk dk le; fu/kkZfjr dj mldk ruko c<+kus ds ctk; lrr~ ewY;kadu dh izfØ;k ls mldk fujh{k.k&ijh{k.k vkfn fujarj gksrk jgs ,slh dksbZ fo/kk viukbZ tkuh pkfg,A ;g fo|kFkhZ dks rukoxzLr uk djrs gq, vkUkan dh vuqHkwfr nsxkA ,slk gh gksuk lq[kdj gSA cgrh gqbZ gok gesa lq[k nsrh gS vr% vxj ;g dgk tk, fd ijh{k.k ok;q/kehZ gks rks fuf’pr gh fo|kFkhZ ds fy, eaxydkjh gh gksxkA

mi;qZDr rhu ckrksa dk vFkkZr~ ikB~;Øe dk p;u] iBu&ikBu dh izfØ;k ,oa ijh{k.k O;oLFkk dk lqpk: izca/ku gksuk fo|kFkhZ ds fodkl Øe dk pkSFkk iM+ko gSA izca/ku esa le; dk izca/ku lcls egÙoiw.kZ gSA lalk/kuksa dk izca/ku] iz;ksx’kkyk] okpuky;] [ksydwn] [kku&iku] Hkou] okgu vkfn lHkh ckrksa dk izca/ku fo|kFkhZ ds ikB~;Øe] iBu&ikBu ,oa ijh{k.k ds fy, vuqdwyrk fuekZ.k djs] ;g t:jh gSA ;g rHkh fØ;kfUor gks ik,xk tc vk;kstd ;ksX; O;fDr dks ;ksX; LFkku ij fu;qDr djsA blds fy, vko’;d gS fd izca/kd vfXu/kehZ gksA vfXu lcdks rik dj xq.kksa dks fu[kkjrh gS ,oa nqxqZ.kksa dks HkLelkr djrh gSA ;g dk;Z nqyZHk gksus ds dkj.k gh dgk x;k gS fd ^;kstdLr= nqyZHka*A vr% ;kstd vfXu/kehZ gks ;g t:jh gSA

bl nqyZHk ;kstd dks ik¡posa rÙo dh Hkh fpark ,oa O;oLFkk djuh pkfg,A og rÙo gS izf’k{k.kA Lo;a fo|kFkhZ ls ysdj vfHkHkkod] f’k{kd] deZpkjh] izca/kd vkfn lHkh dk izf’kf{kr gksuk vfuok;Z gSA izf’k{k.k deZ’kkyk ds Lo:Ik dk gks] vkoklh; gks ;k fu;fer varjky ls gksus okyh lrr~ izfØ;k dk gks] ijUrq mls dksbZ vNwrk u jgs ;g vko’;d gSA vFkkZr~ og vkdk’k/kehZ gksA jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr esa mijksDr ik¡pksa rÙoksa dks fo"k;kuqlkj fy[kk gksus ds dkj.k fc[kjh gqbZ fLFkfr esa ;=&r= js[kkafdr fd;k x;k gSA Hkk"kk ;k izLrqfr dh Hkys gh fHkUurk gks ijUrq bl f’k{kk uhfr esa ;gh ladsr fn, x, gSa fd O;fDr] lekt] jk"Vª ,oa fo’o dh HkykbZ ds fy, loZJs"B ekè;e f’k{kk gh gSA vr% f’k{kk ds ik¡pksa rÙo izd``fr ds ik¡pksa rRoksa ls rkyesy j[kdj gh cukus pkfg,A ikB~;Øe ty/kehZ] iBu&ikBu feV~~Vh/kehZ] izf’k{k.k ok;q/kehZ] izca/ku vfXu/kehZ rFkk izf’k{k.k&vkdk’k/kehZ gks A vkb, ! 34 o"kZ ds varjky ds ckn mBk, x, bl ØkfUrdkjh dne dk Lokxr djrs gq, ge bls viuk,¡A



Hkkjr 15 vxLr 1947 dks vaxzstksa dh nklrk ls rks eqDr gqvk ysfdu vaxzstksa dh ml fopkj/kkjk ls ugh ftldk mís’; Hkkjr dks fut xkSjo ds LokfHkeku ls nwj dj nsuk FkkA bldk nwljk dkj.k ’kk;n rRdkyhu usr`Ro Hkh Fkk ftlus LorU= Hkkjr esa f’k{kk O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj dks egÙoghu le>dj f’k{kk O;oLFkk ¼f’k{kk eU=ky;½ ,sls gkFkksa esa lkSaih ftudh bPNk’kfDr ’kk;n bl {ks= esa cM+s lq/kkj dh ugha FkhA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vktknh ds brus o"kksZa ckn Hkh vk;ksx rks curs jgs] vk;ksxkas }kjk visf{kr lq/kkjksa dh vuq'kalk,¡ Hkh vkrh jgh ijUrq vuq'kalkvksa ij xEHkhjrkiwoZd fopkj djds mUgsa ykxw djus dh igy dk vHkko jgkA

dgrs gS tc fnu fudys rHkh losjk ekuuk pkfg,A brus yEcs vUrjky ds ckn jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020 vkbZA bl uhfr dks ykus ls iwoZ ljdkj us Hkh bZekunkjh dk ifjp; fn;k] gtkjks f’k{kkfonksa] f’k{kdksa] f’k{kk lewgksa] fo|kfFkZ;ksa vkSj vfHkHkkodksa ls lknj lq>ko fy;s x,] cM+h ek=k esa mu lq>koksa dks uhfr esa tksM+k vkSj Hkkjr ds fy, mi;ksxh f’k{kk uhfr dk fuekZ.k gqvkA lS)kafrd :Ik esa pg¡qvksj ls iz’kalk izkIr uhfr dk ewrZ :Ik vc ijh{kk dh ?kM+h ds fy, rS;kj gSA mÙkh.kZ&vuqÙkh.kZ gksus dh dlkSVh ij rks gesa gh [kjk mrjuk gS D;ksafd ge lcdh lgHkkfxrk ls fufeZr ;g uhfr lQy gks bldk nkf;Ro Hkh ge lcdk gSA ijUrq blds lHkh igyqvksa ij ckj & ckj fopkj eaFku dh vko’;drk lrr~ jgsxh] mlh ls rks lq[kn ifj.kke feysaxsA

bl ubZ f’k{kk uhfr dks eq[;r% 4 Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr dj fodkl ds jkLrs [kksts x;s gSa &

Û Ldwy f’k{kk

Û mPprj f’k{kk

Û vU; dsUnzh; fopkj.kh; eqn~ns

Û fØ;kUo;u dh j.kuhfr

bldk izFke Hkkx ^^Ldwy f’k{kk** gh ,d izdkj ls uhao dk iRFkj gS ftl ij ge cqyUn bekjr [kM+h djuk pkgrs gSA ;g uhfr orZeku dh 10 $ 2 okyh Ldwyh O;oLFkk dks cnydj mls 18 o"kZ ds lHkh cPpksa ds fy, ikB~;p;kZ vkSj f’k{k.k&’kkL=h; vk/kkj ij 5 $ 3 $ 3 $ 4 dh ,d ubZ O;oLFkk esa iquxZfBr djus dh ckr djrh gSA

bl O;oLFkk esa egÙoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd vHkh rd dh tks f’k{kk O;oLFkk Fkh mlesa 10 $ 2 ds vuqqlkj 6 o"kZ ds cPpksa dks d{kk 1 esa izos’k dh O;oLFkk FkhA mlls iwoZ dh f’k{kk O;oLFkk ds fy, dksbZ cgqr xEHkhjrk ugha Fkh ijUrq ubZ uhfr ds vuqlkj 3 o"kZ ds cPpksa dks ’kkfey dj izkjfEHkd ckY;koLFkk esa ns[kHkky vkSj f’k{kk dh ,d etcwr cqfu;kn dks ’kkfey fd;k x;k gSA blesa 5 $ 3 $ 3 $ 4 ds u;s :i esa Ldwy ikB~;Øe vkSj f’k{k.k&’kkL= dks iquxZfBr djus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS ftlds rgr Øe’k% &

Û QkÅaMs’kuy LVst ¼nks Hkkxks esa vFkkZr~ vkaxuokM+h@izh&Ldwy ds 3 o"kZ o izkFkfed Ldwy esa d{kk 1 &2 esa rFkk 2 o"kZ vFkkZr~ dqy 5 o"kZ] 3 o"kZ dh vk;q ls 8 o"kZ dh vk;q ds cPpksa lfgr½ bl LVst esa mls 6 o"kZ vk;q ds cPpsa [ksy&[ksy esa lh[ksaxs] vkSipkfjd f’k{kk ds LFkku Ikj vukSipkfjd rjhds ls vFkkZr~ [ksy vk/kkfjr] jax] vkdkj] igsfy;k¡] rkfdZd lksp] leL;k lek/kku] fp=dyk] vU; n`’; dyk] f’kYidyk] ukVd] dBiqryh] laxhr] lkekftd dk;Z] ekuoh; laosnuk] vPNk O;ogkj] f’k"Vpkj] uSfrdrk] LoPNrk] vkilh lg;ksx] lewg esa dk;Z djuk fl[kuk eq[; mís’; gksxkA ;gh

f'k'kq ls ek/;fed rd dh f’k{kk


Jh ds’ko dqekj ’kekZ

'kSf{kd fpard]

lkekftd fo"k;ksa ij ys[ku

iz/kkukpk;Z

HkkÅjko nsojl

ljLorh fo|k efUnj] Ukks,Mk




^^blds fy, o"kZ esa nl fnu ds cLrk jfgr ihfj;M esa Hkkx ysaxs ,oa LFkkuh; O;kolkf;d fo’ks"kKksa ds lkFk izf’k{kq ds :Ik esa dk;Z djsaxs rFkk Je o gLrdyk esa fuiq.k gksaxs tks Hkfo"; esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRefo’okl esa o`f) djsaxsA**

bl vk;q eas cPpsa ekr`Hkk"kk@{ks=h; Hkk"kk esa lh[ksaxsA

izkFkfed Ldwy vFkkZr~ d{kk 1 o 2 & ckyd [ksy esa izh Ldwy ds 3 o"kZ esa lgt LokHkkfod :Ik ls lquuk] cksyuk] igpkuuk] f’k"Vpkj] mfpr O;ogkj lh[kus ds lkFk & lkFk viuk fu/kkZfjr ikB~;Øe fcuk ijh{kk fcuk ncko ds d{kk 1 esa tk;sxk vkSj FkksM+h&FkksM+h vkSipkfjd i<+kbZ dh rS;kjh dh vksj c<+rs gq, gh lk{kjrk vkSj x.kuk vFkkZr~ lh[kus dh ewyHkwr voLFkk dks izkIr djrs gq, fcuk ijh{kk vkSj ncko ds nwljs vk;q oxZ ¼8 ls 11½ esa izos’k izkIr gksxkA ;gka rd ckyd dks irk gh ugha py ik;sxk fd dc izos’k gqvk vkSj dc d{kk 2 rd lHkh LVst ikj djds d{kk 3 esa izos’k gks x;kA okLro esa ,d rjg ls vkSipkfjd f’k{kk d{kk 3 ls izkjEHk gksxhA

Û izhijsVjh LVst ¼d{kk 3 & 5 vkSj 8 ls 11 o"kZ vk;q½ & ;g LVst ¼vFkkZr~ izhijsVjh½ rhu o"kZ dh gksxh tks QkÅUMs’ku LVst dh [ksy&[ksy vkSj xfrfof/k vk/kkfjr f’k{k.k&’kkL=h; ’kSyh ls vkxs c<+sxh vkSj dqN gYds&QqYds ikB~;iqLrd vk/kkfjr f’k{k.k dks Hkh ’kkfey fd;k tk;sxk vkSj bl izdkj vkSipkfjd ysfdu laoknkRed d{kk ’kSyh ds tfj;s v/;;u&v/;kiu dh vksj c<+saxsA ftlesa i<+us] fy[kus] cksyus] ’kkjhfjd f’k{kk] dyk] Hkk"kk] foKku vkSj xf.kr fo"k; Hkh lfEefyr gksaxsA blh LVst esa ckyd izFke ckj ijh{kk ls Hkh ifjfpr gksxkA ;gk¡ Hkh ekr`Hkk"kk ;k {ks=h; Hkk"kk dks ojh;rk izkIr gksxh ijUrq Ldwyksa ij ncko ugha gksxkA ;fn fo|ky; jkT; Hkk"kk ;k fons’kh Hkk"kk dks Hkh i<+kuk izkjEHk djuk pkgrs gSa rks mlesa Hkh NwV fey ldrh gS ijUrq ojh;rk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dks gh jgsxhA bl LVst esa Hkh ikB~;Øe bl izdkj ls rS;kj djus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS fd ckyd@ckfydkvksa ij i<+kbZ dk cks> u iM+s cfYd ;gkk¡ Hkh [ksy] lgikB~; fØ;kvksa vkSj ubZ&ubZ [kkst] rduhd vkSj rdZ&fordZ] {kerkvksa ds fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk gh fo"k;kuqlkj os xgjkbZ esa izos’k djsa] fo"k;ksa ds egÙo dks le>sa

rFkk thou esa muds mi;ksx dk dkj.k tkusA

Û fefMy Ldwy LVst ¼d{kk 6&8 ,oa 11 ls 14 o"kZ vk;q½ & 3 o"kZ fefMy LVst esa Hkh rhu o"kZ dh f’k{kk gksxh vkSj blesa fo"k; fo’ks"kK f’k{kdksa }kjk fo"k; dh vewrZ vo/kkj.kkvksa ij dke ’kq: gksxkA blesa vkus ls igys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh Ik;kZIr rS;kjh gks pqdh gksxhA blesa dk;Z foKku] xf.kr] dyk] [ksy] lkekftd foKku] ekufodh vkSj O;kolkf;d fo"k;ksa esa gksxsA gj fo"k; esa vuqHko vk/kkfjr f’k{k.k vkSj fo"k; fo’ks"kKksa ds vk tkus ds ckotwn fo"k;ksa ds chp ijLij lEcU/k ns[kus dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk;sxkA

bl LVst esa egÙoiw.kZ ;g gS fd ,d rks fo"k; dk Kku ^^vuqHko vk/kkfjr** ij vf/kd cy jgsxkA fo"k;ksa dks i<+ fy;k] jV fy;k] ijh{kk ns nh vkSj mÙkh.kZ gks x;sA blls dke ugh pyus okyk] ;gk¡ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fo"k;ksa ds lkFk O;kolkf;d <ax ls tksM+us dk iz;kl gksxkA thou esa og fo"k; fdl izdkj mi;ksxh cus lkFk gh gekjs dqN ijEijkxr O;olk; ftuds }kjk ns’k esa dqVhj m|ksxksa ds ek/;e ls bl ns’k dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr etcwr jgrh Fkh vkSj /khjs & /khjs ml dkS’kykRed fodkl ls nwj dj fn;k x;kA bUgsa iqu% bl oxZ esa tksM+us dh Hkh ckr dgh xbZ ftlesa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkSipkfjd fo"k; Kku ds lkFk&lkFk dq’kyrk c<+kus okyh dykvksa dks Hkh tksM+us dh ckr dgh xbZA ;g vkuUnnk;d dkslZ ds :Ik esa gksaxs tSls & c<+bZfxjh] fctyh dk dke] /kkrq dk dke] ckxokuh] feV~Vh crZu cukuk vkfnA blds fy, o"kZ esa nl fnu cPps cLrk jfgr ihfj;M esa Hkkx ysaxs ,oa LFkkuh; O;kolkf;d fo’ks"kKksa ds lkFk izf’k{kq ds :Ik esa dk;Z djsaxs rFkk Je o gLrdyk esa fuiq.k gksaxs tks Hkfo"; esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRefo’okl esa o`f) djsaxsA

Û lsds.Mjh LVst ¼d{kk 9&12 ,oa 14 ls 18 o"kZ vk;q½& 4 o"kZ ;g LVst gkbZ Ldwy ;k lsds.Mjh dgyk;sxhA bl LVst esa 4 lky ds cgqfo"k;d v/;;u ’kkfey gksaxsA bl LVst gsrq fo"k; mUeq[k f’k{kkdzeh; o f’k{k.k&’kkL=h; ’kSyh ij vk/kkfjr gksaxsA vf/kd xgjkbZ] vf/kd vkykspukRed lksp] thou vkdka{kkvksa ij vf/kd /;ku vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk fo"k;ksa ds pquko dks ysdj vf/kd yphysiu ds lkFk gksaxsA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks foKku]

^^bl izdkj vkSipkfjd ysfdu laoknkRed d{kk ’kSyh ds tfj;s v/;;u&v/;kiu dh vksj c<+saxsA ftlesa i<+us] fy[kus] cksyus] ’kkjhfjd f’k{kk] dyk] Hkk"kk] foKku vkSj xf.kr fo"k; Hkh lfEefyr gksaxsA blh LVst esa ckyd izFke ckj ijh{kk ls Hkh ifjfpr gksxkA ;gk¡ Hkh ekr`Hkk"kk ;k {ks=h; Hkk"kk dks ojh;rk izkIr gksxh ijUrq Ldwyksa ij ncko ugha gksxkA**



^^lcls cM+h leL;k tks vkt lekt esa fpUrk dk fo"k; gS] og gS mu dkj.kksa dks [kkstdj funku djuk ftuds dkj.k gj izfrHkkoku O;fDr vius cPpksa ds fy, ;ksX; o izfrHkkoku v/;kid rks pkgrs gS ijUrq vius cPpksa dks f’k{kd ugha cukuk pkgrsA fo|kFkhZ Hkh i<+rs le; ̂ ^f’k{kd cuuk gS** ,slk lkspdj fo|k/;;u djus okys de gS cfYd f’k{kd cuuk mudh etcwjh ;k vfUre fodYi gksrk gSA**

10000 ls vf/kd gS] v/;kid f’k{kk ds izfr ysss’kek= Hkh xEHkhjrk ls iz;kl ugha dj jgs gSa cfYd blds LFkku ij Å¡ps nkeksa ij fMfxz;ksa dks csp jgs gSA bl fn’kk esa vc rd fd, x;s fofu;ked iz;kl u rks bl flLVe esa cM+s iSekus ij O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj dks jksd ik;s gSa vkSj u gh xq.koÙkk ds fy, fu/kkZfjr cqfu;knh ekudksa dks gh ykxw dj ik, gSa cfYd bu iz;klksa dk bl {ks= esa mRd`"Vrk vkSj uokpkj ij udkjkRed izHkko iM+k gksA**

cjlksa ls tM+sa tek, bl izdkj dh leL;kvksa ls fuiVuk Hkh ljdkj ds lkeus pqukSrh gSA

lcls cM+h leL;k tks vkt lekt esa fpUrk dk fo"k; gS] og gS mu dkj.kksa dks [kkstdj funku djuk ftuds dkj.k gj izfrHkkoku O;fDr vius cPpksa ds fy, ;ksX; o izfrHkkoku v/;kid rks pkgrs gS ijUrq vius cPpksa dks f’k{kd ugha cukuk pkgrsA fo|kFkhZ Hkh i<+rs le; ^^f’k{kd cuuk gS** ,slk lkspdj fo|k/;;u djus okys de gS cfYd f’k{kd cuuk mudh etcwjh ;k vfUre fodYi gksrk gSA ,slh vusd leL;k,¡ fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls lEcfU/kr] f’k{kdksa ls lEcfU/kr rFkk vfHkHkkodksa o lekt ls lEcfU/kr gSa tks f’k{kk {ks= esa cnyko ds iz;kl esa lkeus vkuh gh gS ijUrq dgrs gS tgk¡ pkg ogk¡ jkg gksrh gSA

orZeku Hkkjr ljdkj ds f’k{kk eU=ky; us f’k{kk {ks= esa lq/kkj gsrq ubZ f’k{kk uhfr dk l`tu fd;k gS rks bl lc ck/kkvksa dks Hkh ikj dj lQyrk vo’; feysxhA okLro esa f’k{kk dsoy ljdkjksa dk gh fo"k; ugh gS bldk izHkko ns’k ds izR;sd ukxfjd ij iM+uk LokHkkfod gSA vr% ge lcdk Hkh drZO; curk gS fd ns’k o lekt fgr dks loksZijh ekudj bldks è;ku esa j[krs gq, bl uhfr dk Lokxr djsa o {kqnz jktuhfr ls Åij mBdj jktusrk Hkh lg;ksxh cusaA

Hkfo"; esa dfBukbZ vkus ij lq/kkj lEHko gS ijUrq vkt ds ifjn`’; esa ljdkj o lekt ds la;qDr iz;kl ls gh bl {ks= esa lQyrk izkIr gksxh ,slk eq>s iw.kZ fo’okl gSA

okf.kT; vkSj dyk LVªhe ds fo"k;ksa esa ca¡/kus dh vko’;drk ugha gS cfYd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks viuh #fp vuqlkj fo"k; pqudj i<+us dh lqfo/kk dh ckr Hkh bl f’k{kk uhfr esa dgh xbZ gSA

lkFk gh xehZ dh ;k vU; NqfV~V;ksa esa fofHkUu O;kolkf;d fo"k; le>us ds fy, volj miyC/k djk;s tk;saxsA vkWu ykbu Hkh O;kolkf;d dkslZ miyC/k djk, tk;saxsA fofHkUu izdkj dh le`) djus okyh dykvksa] fDot] [ksy vkSj O;kolkf;d gLrdykvksa dks Hkh izksRlkgu fn;k tk;sxkA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,sfrgkfld] lkaLd`frd vkSj Ik;ZVd egÙo ds LFkkuksa@Lekjdksa dk nkSjk djus] LFkkuh; dykdkjksa vkSj f’kYidkjksa ls feyus vkSj vius xk¡o@rglhy@ftyk@jkT; esa mPprj ’kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa dk nkSjk djus ds ek/;e ls Ldwy ds ckgj dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, vf/kd ,Dikstj nsus dh ckr Hkh ubZ f’k{kk uhfr esa dgh xbZ gSA

bl izdkj ubZ f’k{kk uhfr dks f'k'kq ls ek/;fed vFkZkr~ Ldwyh f’k{kk dh utjksa ls ns[krs gSa rks okLro esa ,d vkewypwy ifjorZu gksxkA bl f’k{kk O;oLFkk esa tgk¡ fodkl Hkh] dq’kyrk Hkh gS] vkuUn Hkh gS vkSj O;kogkfjdrk Hkh gSA jktuSfrd bPNk’kfDr Hkh gS ijUrq fulUnsg dqN pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh gSA ;Fkk &

Û ;Fkk vk¡xuokMh ds ftu f'k{kdksa ds gkFkksa eas fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh QkmUMs’kuy LVst tkus okyh gS muds Lrj] izf’k{k.k vkSj osrueku rFkk izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds v/;kidksa ds osrueku vkSj ’kS{kf.kd Lrj esa cM+k vUrj gSA bl vUrj dk ikVuk ljdkjksa ds lkeus pqukSrh ls de ugha gksxkA

Û Ldwy f’k{kk jkT; ljdkjksa ds v/khu gS rFkk mPprj f’k{kk dh O;oLFkk dsUnz ljdkj djrh gSA vr% jktuSfrd dkj.kksa ls nksuksa ds leUo; esa Hkh dfBukbZ vo’; vkus dh lEHkkouk jgsxhA

Û mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk xfBr U;k;ewfrZ ts0,l0oekZ vk;ksx ¼2012½ ds vuqlkj&^^LVs.M vkyksu Vh0bZ0Vh0 ftudh la[;k

^^orZeku Hkkjr ljdkj ds f’k{kk eU=ky; us f’k{kk {ks= esa lq/kkj gsrq ubZ f’k{kk uhfr dk l`tu fd;k gS rks bl lc ck/kkvksa dks Hkh ikj dj lQyrk vo’; feysxhA okLro esa f’k{kk dsoy ljdkjksa dk gh fo"k; ugh gS bldk izHkko ns’k ds izR;sd ukxfjd ij iM+uk LokHkkfod gSA



vk/kqfud Hkkjr esa rduhdh f’k{kk esa dkQh izxfr gqbZ gSA ns’k&fons’k esa Hkkjr dh [;kfr c<+ jgh gSA ns’k esa ,d cM+k ewyHkwr <k¡pk fodflr fd;k x;k gSA ,d rjQ Hkkjrh; izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] jk"Vªh; izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku vkfn ’kh"kZ ij gSa rks nwljh vksj ewy vk/kkj esa izkS|ksfxdh izf’k{k.k laLFkku vkfn gSa] eè; Lrj ij ikWfyVsfDud rFkk uhps vkbZ +Vh +vkbZ + vkfn gSaA bl lc izxfr ds ckn ;g ns[kdj nq%[k gksrk gS fd bl <k¡ps dh igq¡p cgqr lhfer gS] lekt dk ,d NksVk lk oxZ gh bu lc ls tqM+k gSA lekt dk ,d cgqr cM+k oxZ vHkh Hkh buls vNwrk gSA bldk ,d ewy dkj.k ;g gS fd ;g vk/kqfud O;oLFkk eq[;r% fons’k dh udy gS blesa Hkkjrh;rk dk ;ksxnku cgqr gh de jgk gSA okLro esa Hkkjro"kZ ikjEifjd <ax ls ,d rduhdh :Ik ls fodflr jk"Vª gh Fkk ijUrq vk/kqfud O;oLFkk esa u dsoy bldks udkjk x;k cfYd rksM+k] Bqdjk;k ,oa misf{kr fd;k x;kA ;g bl dkj.k ls gqvk fd Hkkjr ,d yEcs le; rd xqykeh dh tathjksa esa tdM+k gqvk Fkk] fo’ks"kdj v¡xzstksa us fiNyh dqN ’krkfCn;ksa ls Hkkjr esa vius jkT; ds nkSjku ikjEifjd Kku&foKku ,oa fo/kkvksa dks u"V djus dk iz;kl fd;kA lkSHkkX; ls fQj Hkh dkQh dqN cp x;kA dqN mnkgj.k ysrs gSa oL= m|ksx esa Hkkjr Kku&foKku ,oa {kerk fo’o esa vrqyuh; jgkA

v[kaM Hkkjr esa <kdk dh eyey rks bruh eghu vkSj lqUnj gksrh Fkh fd nqfu;k dh jkfu;k¡ vkSj jktdqekfj;k¡ mlds ,d :eky ds fy, rjlrh FkhaA ml izdkj dh xq.koÙkk dk oL= rks vkt Hkh ’kk;n mPp ls mPp e’khu Hkh ugha cuk ik,xhA yk[kksa dkjhxj bl ns’k esa bl fo/kk ds lkFk tqM+s gq, Fks vkSj iwoZd lEeku viuk thou;kiu djrs Fks vkSj bl

ns’k dh mUufr esa cM+k ;ksxnku nsrs FksA nwljk mnkgj.k ge yksgk vkSj bLikr dk ys ldrs gSa] Hkkjr esa fo’o dk loZJs"B yksgk ,oa bLikr cuk;k tkrk Fkk] dgk tkrk Fkk fd Hkkjr dk fuEuLrj dk mRikn Hkh ckdh fo’o ds loksZÙke mRiknksa ls csgrj FkkA ,sls vusd mgkj.k fy, tk ldrs gSa] fopkj.kh; fo"k; gS fd ;s lc m|ksx tks ikjEifjd :Ik esa ;gk¡ fodflr Fks] mUur Fks] mu lc dk D;k gqvk \

vkt ge ns[krs gSa fd ;s lc ikjEifjd Kku&foKku ,oa fo/kk,¡ izk;% foyqIr gks xbZ gSaA bldk ,d cM+k dkj.k v¡xzstksa }kjk vius ’kklu ds ekè;e ls lqfu;ksftr <ax ls bu lc ij izgkj fd;k tkuk] budk fojks/k djuk] budks u"V djus dk iz;kl djuk FkkA og blfy, gqvk fd ;s lc mRikn vaxzstksa dks muds }kjk vk/kqfud rduhdh }kjk mRikfnr oLrqvksa dks ,d cM+k izfr}anrk mifLFkr djrs FksA vxj gekjs ikjEifjd mRikn pyrs jgrs rks vaxzst fo’o esa dgha Hkh vius mRikn ugha csp ikrs] blfy, mUgksaus gekjs ikjEifjd m|ksxksa dks rgl&ugl fd;kA ,slk ugha gS fd vxj gekjs ikjEifjd m|ksx pyrs jgrs rks gekjs ns’k dk vk/kqfudj.k ugha gks ikrkA gksuk ;g pkfg, Fkk fd vk/kqfud Kku vkSj ikjEifjd Kku dk ,d larqfyr leUo; gksrkA

tkiku bldk ,d vPNk mnkgj.k gSA ;wjksi esa vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr 18 oha’krkCnh esa ’kq# gks xbZ Fkh tcfd tkiku esa vkS|kfxd ØkfUr 19 oha lnh ds eè; esa ’kq# gqbZA vkS|ksxhdj.k djus ds fy, tkiku us vius ikjEifjd Kku&foKku ,oa fo/kkvksa dks u"V ugha fd;k cfYd vk/kqfud foKku dk mi;ksx djrs gq, vius ikjEifjd m|ksxksas dks vkSj fodflr vkSj mUur cuk;kA

jk”Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr % rduhdh f’k{kk esa cnyko dh vko';drkjk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr

izksQslj ohjsUnz dqekj fot;]

Hkkjrh; izkS|kfxdh laLFkku] fnYyh]

lektksi;ksxh foKku gsrq vusd 'kks/k

fofHkUu i=&if=dkvksa

esa izdkf'kr] jk"Vªh; la;kstd]

vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr vfHk;ku




Hkkjr esa ,slk djus dk v¡xzstksa }kjk iz;kl ugha gqvk] cfYd Hkkjrh; lekt }kjk ,sls vusd iz;kl fd, x, vkSj mlesa dqN lQy Hkh gq,A fo’ks"kdj 19 oha ’krkCnh ds mrjk/kZ esa bl izdkj ds iz;kl Hkkjr esa gq,] dqN lQy gq,] dqN vlQy gq, vkSj dqN vkaf’kd :Ik ls gh lQy gq,A

iqu% ge dqN mnkgj.k ys ldrs gSa] ,d cM+k gh lqfu;ksftr ,oa deZBrk iwoZd fd;k x;k iz;kl Indian Association for cultivation

of Science dk Fkk tks MkWDVj egsUnz yky ljdkj }kjk 19 oha lnh ds vkf[kj esa dqN n’kdksa esa fd;k x;kA bl iz;kl dh ,d cM+h miyfC/k lh +oh +jeu ds :Ik esa lkeus vkbZ tks bl iz;kl ls tqM+s vkSj HkkSfrdh esa 1930 esa ukscqy iqjLdkj izkIr fd,A vusd foHkwfr;k¡ Hkh bl iz;kl esa tqM+h tSls txnh’k panz clq] izQqYy pan js vkfn ftUgksaus Hkh vius&vius {ks= esa vR;kf/kd lQyrk,¡ izkIr dhaA bl izHkko dks ge ml le; dk Lons’kh Kku&foKku dg ldrs gSa] tks fd vk/kqfud Kku&foKku dks ikjEifjd Kku&foKku ds lkFk leUo; djrs gq, vkxs c<+kA blh dM+h esa ge dqN vkSj uke tksM+ ldrs gSa]tSls fd yksdekU; fryd ftUgksaus ,d vf}rh; iz;kl fd;k ftldk uke Fkk ,d iSlk ls QSDVªhA fryd th us vke tu ls ,d&,d iSls ds :Ik esa ;ksxnku fy;k vkSj dqN cM+s m|ksx LFkkfir fd, ftuesa ls vk/kqfud Kku&foKku ds lkFk ikjEifjd Kku&foKku dk lqUnj leUo; FkkA

okLro esa ns’k esa cax&Hkax fojks/k esa tks vkUnksyu mBk mlds ewy esas ;gh Lons’kh vkS|ksxhdj.k dh Hkkouk dke dj jgh FkhA caxky ds ;qokvksa dk ,d cM+k oxZ tkiku tkrk vkSj ogk¡ ls bl u, <ax ds izkS|ksxh dk izf’k{k.k ysdj vius ns’k okil ykSVrk FkkA ysfdu ml rjg ds vkS|ksxhdj.k dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, ;gk¡ Hkh v¡xzst ljdkj lg;ksx ugha djrh Fkh] ftlls va¡xzstksa ds izfr ,d Hkkjh ukjktxh

^^bathfu;fjax esa izos’k ds fy, rduhdh ,IVhV~;wM gksuk t:jh gSA ftudks ij[k gks] ;ksX;rk gks eryc bathfu;fjax dh rjQ >qdko gks flQZ ,sls yksxkssa dks izos’k nsuk pkfg, tks vius vki dqN djds fn[kk,¡] uk fd jV djds] dksfpax djds isij nsdj vkxs igq¡p tk,aA**

caxky esa O;kIr Fkh] tks cax&Hkax ds fojks/k ds :Ik esa izdV gqbZ vkSj v¡xzstksa dks viuk fu.kZ; okil ysuk iM+kA

blh dM+h esa ,d vkSj iz;kl egkRek xka/kh dk gS ftUgksaus All

India Village Industry Association cukbZ A bldh xofuZax ckWMh esa mUgksasus lh +oh +jeu] txnh’k pUnz clq vkSj izQqYy pUnz js tSls oSKkfudksa dks tksM+kA vusd iz;kl buds ekè;e ls gtkjksa&gtkj NksVs&NksVs m|ksxksa dks ns’k esa izksRlkgu feyrk gSA nqHkkZX; ;g jgk fd ;g Lons’kh fopkj/kkjk Lora=rk ds ckn dqafBr gksrh pyh xbZ vkSj ge vk/kqfudrk dh pdkpkSa/k esa va/kk/kqa/k fons’k dh udy djus yxsA vkt dk rduhdh f’k{kk dk <k¡pk eq[;r% blh udy dk vax gSA geus Lons’kh dk jkLrk NksM+dj ikjEifjd Kku&foKku ,oa fo/kkvksa dks bl <k¡ps esa dksbZ LFkku ugha fn;kA blfy, bldk ykHk ,d NksVs ls oxZ rd lhfer gks x;k vkSj lekt dk cgqr cM+k vax blls vNwrk gS bldks Bhd djuk gksxkA

orZeku <k¡pk vf/kdrj fMxzh vkSj lfVZfQdsV vk/kkfjr gSA blesa izos’k ds fy, Hkh fMxzh vkSj lfVZfQdsV vko’;d gS vkSj blesa ls miyfC/k Hkh lfVZfQdsV gh gksrs gSaA ;g Kku {kerk ;ksX;rk dks ugha ij[krk gS flQZ fMxzh vkSj lfVZfQdsV dks dkxt ds :Ik esa ns[krk gS] pkgs og fdlh Hkh :i esa D;ksa u izkIr fd;k x;k gksA blfy, Hk;adj fod``fr;k¡ bl O;oLFkk esa vk xbZ] bldks cnyuk gksxkA ns’k ds fdlku] dkjhxj] etnwj vkfn dks bu fMfxz;ksa ls D;k ysuk&nsuk gS] muds ikl viuk Kku gS] {kerk gS] ;ksX;rk gS ftldks dksbZ Hkh ugha iwNrk blfy, ;s lc orZeku rduhdh f’k{kk ls ckgj gSa lkFk gh ;g ns’k dk cgqla[;d lekt gS tks orZeku f’k{kk ls iw.kZr% vNwrk gSA

rduhdh f’k{kk dh O;oLFkk esa vfHk;kaf=dh esa izos’k ds fy, tsbZbZ ijh{kk gksrh gS] vfHk;kaf=dh djus okyksa ds fy, tsbZbZ dh ijh{kk dh txg O;fDr dh rduhdh ;ksX;rk ekinaM gksuk pkfg,] ftldks gkFk ls dke djus dh lkjh dq’kyrk ekywe gS mls vfHk;ark dgrs gSa] tSls gekjs ;gk¡ igys dkjhxj FksA

ftldks vfHk;ark cuuk gS mls gkFk ls dke djuk t:jh vkuk pkfg,A ftldks Hkh vfHk;kaf=dh dh i<+kbZ djuk gS mldks ’kq#vkr

^^,d cM+k gh lqfu;ksftr ,oa deZBrk iwoZd fd;k x;k iz;kl Indian Association for cultivation of Science dk Fkk tks MkWDVj egsUnz yky ljdkj }kjk 19 oha lnh ds vkf[kj esa dqN n’kdksa esa fd;k x;kA bl iz;kl dh ,d cM+h miyfC/k lh +oh +jeu ds :Ik esa lkeus vkbZ tks bl iz;kl ls tqM+s vkSj HkkSfrdh esa 1930 esa ukscqy iqjLdkj izkIr fd,A vusd foHkwfr;k¡ Hkh bl iz;kl esa tqM+h tSls txnh’k panz clq] izQqYy pan js vkfn ftUgksaus Hkh vius&vius {ks= esa vR;kf/kd lQyrk,¡ izkIr dhaA**



vkbZ + Vh +vkbZ +ls djuk pkfg, vkSj tks vkbZ +Vh +vkbZ + dk loZJs"B Nk= gks mUgsa fMIyksek esa ukekadu feys vkSj fMIyksek esa vPNs Nk= dks ch +Vsd + esa ukekadu feys vkSj tks ch +Vsd ls lcls vPNs Nk= gks mls ,e +Vsd + esa vkSj ih +,PkMh + gsrq izos’k feysA bathfu;fjax esa izos’k ds fy, rduhdh ,IVhV~;wM gksuk t:jh gSA ftudks ij[k gks] ;ksX;rk gks eryc bathfu;fjax dh rjQ >qdko gks flQZ ,sls yksxkssa dks izos’k nsuk pkfg, tks vius vki dqN djds fn[kk,¡] uk fd jV djds] dksfpax djds isij nsdj vkxs igq¡p tk,¡A ,slk Hkh ugha gS fd fdlku vkSj etnwj bl ns’k dh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk esa viuk ;ksxnku ugha dj jgs gSaA okLro esa rks vkfFkZd O;oLFkk dk ;s ns’k esa lcls cM+k mRiknd oxZ gS vkSj ckdh oxZ rks buds mRikndrk ds dkj.k gh muij iw.kZ vkfJr gSA d`f"k esa rks loZfofnr gS fd fdlku mRiknu djrk gS vkSj ckdh lekt vius Hkkstu ds fy, muij vkfJr gSA ;gh lR; vU; {ks=ksa esa Hkh mlh izdkj izfrikfnr gksrk gSA mnkgj.k ds :Ik esa vxj ge oL= m|ksx dks ys rks ogk¡ tks Hkh oL= mRikfnr gksrk gS] mldk NksVk lk Hkkx gh vk/kqfud feyksa esa curk gksxk ftudks Hkkjh Hkjde ljdkjh enn feyrh gS ijUrq ,d rjQ oL=

m|ksx dk cgqr cM+k Hkkx tks gSaMywe] ikojywe esa mRikfnr gksrk gS ftldks vf/kdrj dkjhxj leqnk; gh pykrk gS ftudks dksbZ rduhdh lg;ksx ugha feyrkA

blh izdkj dk vU; mnkgj.k vkVkseksckby m|ksx dk ys ldrs gSa ftldk iwjk j[kj[kko dkjhxjksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gS dksbZ Hkh vk/kqfud rduhdh <k¡pk blesa dksbZ ;ksxnku ugha djrk gS ;gh lR; yxHkx lHkh m|ksxksa dk gSA bruk lc ;ksxnku gksrs gq, Hkh ikjEifjd Kku&foKku vkSj fo/kkvksa dk orZeku rduhdh f’k{kk ls dksbZ laca/k ugha cuk ;g fopkj.kh; gSA

orZeku rduhdh f’k{kk eas cnyko djuk gksxkA blesa dkjhxjksa] fdlkuksa] etnwjksa dk ;ksxnku c<+kuk gksxk] rduhdh f’k{kk dks bUgha oxksZa dh n``f"V ls <kyuk gksxk vkSj dkxt ¼fMxzh@lfVZfQdsV½ vk/kkj [kRe djuk gksxkA okLrfod Kku] {kerk vkSj ;ksX;rk vk/kkfjr djuk gksxkA dkjhxjksa] esdsfudksa ,oa vU; rduhdh Kku okyksa dks fdl rjg dkxth fMxzh okyksa ds cjkcj ekU;rk feys mldh ubZ f’k{kk uhfr esa O;oLFkk djuh gksxhA

ekud ifj"kn~ dk 10 fnolh; vkWuykbZu SPOKEN ENGLISH oxZ lEiUuns'k ds 20 jkT;ksa ls 500 dk;ZdrkZvksa us vaxzsth esa lh[kk okrkZyki dh rduhd

fo|k Hkkjrh bZ ikB'kkyk ¼Hkksiky½ ds }kjk 10 fnolh; vkWuykbZu SPOKEN ENGLISH oxZ 16 vDVwcj ls 25 vDVwcj 2020 rd vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA dk;ZØe dk 'kqHkkjaHk Jh xksfoUn pUn egUr ¼vf[ky Hkkjrh; lg laxBuea=h fo|k Hkkjrh½ dh mifLFkfr esa gqvkA ekLVj Vªsuj Jh lkEckf'kok jko ¼iw.kZ dkfyd] fo|k Hkkjrh gSnjkckn½ MkW- vkdk'k 'kekZ ¼izkpk;Z fofn'kk e-iz-½ rFkk Jh ih-,l-f[keVk ¼izkpk;Z] iatkc½ jgsA lHkh ekLVj Vªsujksa us vaxzsth laHkk"k.k dSls djk,¡ \ Hkk"k.k esa vkus okyh ijs'kkfu;ksa ,oa dSls ge vius fo|ky;ksa esa Nk=ksa dks vaxzsth laHkk"k.k fl[kk ldsa\ vkfn fo"k;ksa ij foLr`r ppkZ esa 10 fnolh; ikB~;Øe cukus o izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa dks fl[kkus dk izf'k{k.k fn;kA

oxZ esa izR;sd fnu rhu l= gksrs FksA oanuk] xhr o çf'k{kkfFkZ;ks }kjk lqukbZ xbZ dgkuh rFkk l= lekfIr ij xwxy QkeZ ds ek/;e ls çf'k{kkfFkZ;ks dks ç'uksÙkjh nh tkrh Fkh A xwxy QkeZ ds ek/;e ls çR;sd fnu çf'k{k.kkfFkZ;kas dh mifLFkfr yh tkrh FkhA bu 10 fnuksa ds SPOKEN ENGLISH esa fuEufyf[kr 5 vlkbuesaV~l fn, x, A Story Telling, TLM Making, Lesson Plan Making, ABL Making Video, Feedback video vkfn dk izf'k{k.k Hkh fn;k x;kA

oxZ esa breakout rooms ds ek/;e ls lewg ppkZ 10 feuV dh djkbZ tkrh Fkh rnqijkar lewg çeq[k ds }kjk lewg esa gqbZ ppkZ ds çfrosnu dk okpu djrs FksA çf'k{kkfFkZ;ks dks x`g dk;Z Hkh fn;k tkrk FkkA lHkh çf'k{kkFkhZ iw.kZ euks;ksx ls x`g dk;Z iw.kZ djrs FksA

bl 10 fnolh; ENGLISH SPOKEN oxZ esa dsUnzh; vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Jh Jhjke vkjkodj ¼vf[ky Hkkjrh; egkea=h½] Jh xksfoUn pUn egUr ¼vf[ky Hkkjrh; lg laxBuea=h½] Jh vouh'k HkVukxj ¼vf[ky Hkkjrh; ea=h½ ,oa MkW- jfoUnz dkUgsjs ¼vf[ky Hkkjrh; mikè;{k½ dk ekxn'kZu lHkh dks feykA

dk;ZØe dk lapkyu fo|k Hkkjrh bZ&ikB'kkyk ds funs'kd Jh jkds'k 'kekZ us fd;kA



jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020] 21oha ’krkCnh dh igyh f’k{kk uhfr gS ftldk y{; gekjs ns’k ds fodkl dh vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk djuk gSA ;g uhfr Hkkjr dh ijEijk ,oa ewY;ksa dks lajf{kr djrs gq, 21oha ’knh dh f’k{kk ds lHkh i{kksa esa lq/kkj ,oa iquxZBu dk izLrko j[krh gSA bl uhfr dk vk/kkjHkwr fl)kUr gS fd ^^f’k{kk dk mís’; ,sls O;fDr;ksa dk fodkl djuk gS tks mPp ckSf)d Kku ds lkFk gh lkFk rdZlaxr fopkj ,oa dk;Z djus esa l{ke gksa( ftuesa d#.kk ,oa lgkuqHkwfr] lkgl vkSj yphykiu] oSKkfud fparu vkSj jpukRed dYiuk ’kfDr gks rFkk tks okaNuh;] lkekftd] vk/;kfRed ,oa uSfrd ewY;ksa ls ifjiw.kZ gksaA** vr% bl jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr dk y{; Hkkjrh; ewY;ksa ls fodflr f’k{kk ç.kkyh dk fuekZ.k djuk gS ^tks lHkh dks mPprj xq.koRrk&f’k{kk (Quality Education) miyC/k djkds Hkkjr dks oSf’od Kku egk’kfDr cukdj bls ,d thor vkSj U;k;laxr Kku&lekt esa cnyus ds fy;s çR;{k #i ls ;ksxnku djsxhA

f’k{kk ds {ks= esa cnyko ykus ds fy;s f’k{kd dh çeq[k Hkwfedk gksrh gSA f’k{kd gh Hkkoh ih<+h dk ekxZn’kZu djrs gSA vr% vko’;drk bl ckr dh gS fd f’k{k.k dk;Z ds {ks= esa ,sls ;ksX; O;fDr;ksa dk p;u fd;k tk; tks lekt esa ,d vkn’kZ çLrqr dj lds rFkk f’k{kd cuus ds mijkUr yxkrkj vius O;kolkf;d fodkl (Professional

Development) ds fy;s rRij jgsaA vkt vko’;drk ,sls f’k{kdksa dh gS tks uohu Kku ls ifjiw.kZ gksa ftuesa lh[kus dh yxu ,oa ftKklk gks] tks oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k j[krs gksa rFkk f’k{k.k esa uohure f’k{k.k fof/k;ksa rFkk rduhdh dk ç;ksx dj ldrs gksaA blds vfrfjDr muesa laLdkj ,oa okaNuh; ewY; Hkh gksaA ,sls f’k{kd gh ns’k dh Hkkoh ih<+h dks

mfpr ekxZn’kZu ns ldrs gSaA jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr esa bu lHkh ckrksa dk iwjk /;ku j[kk x;k gS rFkk lkFk gh ;g Hkh lqfuf’pr djus ds fy;s dgk x;k gS fd gj Lrj ij f’k{kdksa dks lekt ds lokZf/kd lEekuh; vkSj vfuok;Z lnL; ds #i esa iqu% LFkku nsus esa lgk;rk dh tk;] lkFk gh ra= esa xq.koRrk fu;a=.k ,oa tokc nsgh dh cqfu;knh çfØ;k,¡ Hkh LFkkfir dh tk¡,A

eq[; laLrqfr;k¡&Û o"kZ 2030 rd cgqfo"k;d mPprj

f’k{k.k laLFkkuksa (Multi-disciplinary

Higher Educational Institutes) }kjk çnku fd;s tkus okyk pkj o"khZ; ,dhd`r ch-,M- ikB~;Øe Ldwyh f’k{kdksa ds fy;s U;wure fMxzh ;ksX;rk gksxhA blds lkFk gh vU; fo’ks"k fo"k; tSls Hkk"kk] bfrgkl] laxhr] xf.kr] dEI;wVj] foKku] jlk;u foKku] vFkZ’kkL= vkfn esa ,d lexz M~;wvy estj Lukrd fMxzh gksxhA vR;k/kqfud f’k{kk ’kkL= ds f’k{k.k ds lkFk gh lkFk f’k{kd f’k{kk esa lekt’kkL=] bfrgkl] foKku] euksfoKku] çkjfEHkd ckg~;koLFkk f’k{kk] cqfu;knh lk{kjrk ,oa la[;kKku] Hkkjr ls tqM+s Kku vkSj blds ewY;ksa@yksdkpkj@dyk@ijEijk;sa Hkh ’kkfey jgsaxhA mPprj f’k{k.k laLFkku Lukrd dh fMxzh çkIr fd;s gq;s mRD`"V fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s nks o"khZ; ch-,M- ikB~;Øe fMtkbu dj ldrs gSaA blds vfrfjDr 4 o"khZ; Lukrd fMxzh çkIr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s 1 o"khZ; ch-,M- dk;ZØe Hkh pyk;k tk ldrk gSA

Û lHkh mPprj f’k{k.k laLFkku f’k{kk ,oa blls lEcfU/kr fo"k;ksa ds lkFk gh lkFk fo’ks"k fo"k;ksa esa fo’ks"kKksa dh miyC/krk

jk”Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr % f’k{kd f’k{kk


MkW0 bUæiky 'kekZ

lfpo f'k{kk 'kks/k laLFkku ,oa

iwoZ vij f'k{kk funs'kd

iwoZ lfpo csfld f'k{kk ifj"kn

m0iz0 'kklu

laidZ% 9415012657

MkW0 lqcks/k dqekj

'kks/k funs'kd

Hkkjrh; f'k{kk 'kks/k laLFkku

iwoZ izk/;kid ,oa

ladk;k/;{k f'k{kk ladk;]

y[kuÅ fo'ofo|ky;

laidZ% 022-2788733



dks lqfuf’pr djsaxsA

Û çR;sd mPprj f’k{kk laLFkku ds ikl l?ku tqM+ko ds lkFk dke djus ds fy;s lkoZtfud vkSj futh Ldwyksa ,oa Ldwy ifjljksa dk ,d usVodZ gksxk tgk¡ Hkkoh f’k{kd vU; lgk;d xfrfof/k;ksa tSls lkeqnkf;d lsok] o;Ld ,oa O;kolkf;d f’k{kk esa lgHkkfxrk ds lkFk f’k{k.k dk;Z djsaxsA

Û f’k{kk foHkkx esa ladk; lnL;ksa dh çksQkby esa fofo/krk gksuk ,d vko’;d y{; gksxkA fo|ky;h f’k{kk ls tqM+us okys lkekftd foKku ds {ks=ksa ¼tSls euksfoKku] cky fodkl] Hkk"kk foKku] lekt’kkL=] n’kZu] vFkZ’kkL= vkSj jktuhfr foKku½ ds lkFk gh lkFk foKku f’k{kk] xf.kr f’k{kk] lkekftd foKku f’k{kk vkSj Hkk"kk f’k{kk tSls dk;ZØeksa ls lEcfU/kr fo"k;ksa esa çf’k{k.k çkIr ladk; lnL;ksa dks f’k{kd f’k{kk laLFkkuksa es vkdf"kZr ,oa fu;qDr fd;k tk;sxkA

Û f’k{kd f’k{kk ds fy;s ,d leku ekudksa dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s iwoZf’k{kd rS;kjh dk;ZØeksa esa ços’k jk"Vªh; ijh{k.k ,tsalh (National Testing Agency) }kjk vk;ksftr mi;qDr fo"k; vkSj ;ksX;rk ijh{k.kksa ds ek/;e ls gksxkA

Û egkfo|ky; ,oa fo’ofo|ky; ds f’k{kdksa ds fy;s lsokjr lrr~ O;kolkf;d fodkl dk çf’k{k.k ekStwnk laLFkkxr O;oLFkk vkSj tkjh igyksa ek/;e ls gh tkjh jgsxkA

Û f’k{kdksa ds vkuykbu çf’k{k.k ds fy;s Lo;e@nh{kk tSls çkS|ksfxdh IysVQkeksaZ ds mi;ksx dks çksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA

fØ;kUo;u gsrq lq>ko&Û ch-,M- ikB~;Øe lapkfyr djus okyh laLFkkvksa dks rhu çdkj

ds ch-,M- ikB~;Øe ¼pkj o"khZ; ,dhd`r] o 2 o"khZ; ,oa 1 o"khZ;½ lapkfyr djus dk vf/kdkj gksxkA blds fy;s ;g lqfuf’pr djuk vko’;d gksxk fd çR;sd laLFkk esa vko’;d ,oa mi;qDr bUÝkLVªDpj miyC/k gksA blds fy;s mi;qDr xkbM ykbu rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg,A

Û f’k{kd f’k{kk çnku djus okys mPprj f’k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa rhu çdkj ds ch-,M- ikB~;Øe dh O;oLFkk djus ds fy;s vusd fo"k; fo’ks"kKksa@Vhpj ,twdsVlZ dh fu;qfDr djuh gksxhA çR;sd laLFkk esa odZyksM ,oa fo"k; dks /;ku esa j[kdj ljdkj dks inksa dk l`tu djuk gksxkA f’k{kd&f’k{kdksa dh fu;qfDr ds fy;s ekud rS;kj djrs le; bl ckr dk Hkh /;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg;s fd vU; fo"k;ksa dss lkFk&lkFk laxhr] Qkbu vkV~Zl] lkfgR;] [ksydwn vkfn fo"k;ksa ds f’k{kdksa dk Hkh çko/kku gksA

Û jk"Vªh; ijh{k.k ,taslh (National Testing Agency) }kjk lsokiwoZ ikB~;Øe esa ços’k ljkguh; gSA ijh{k.k ds fo"k;ksa esa Kku lEcU/kh ijh{k.k ds vfrfjDr Hkk"kk n{krk ,oa vfHk#fp ijh{k.k (Aptitude Test)] tks Situational type ds gksa] lfEefyr fd, tk ldrs gSaA blds vfrfjDr lk{kkRdkj ds fy, Hkh dqN vad fu/kkZfjr fd, tk ldrs gSa ftlls vH;FkhZ dh Communication Skill/Teaching Skill dks ns[kk tk ldsA

ikB~;Øe lEcU/kh lq>ko%National Curriculum Framework For Teacher Education

cukrs le; fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj lS)kfUrd] f’k{k.k vH;kl] bUVuZf’ki] rFkk çSfDVde lEcU/kh ikB~;Øe rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gS lkFk gh buds ewY;kadu dk Criteria Hkh r; djuk vko’;d gksxkA

1. Core Subjects.

2. Teaching Subjects.

3. Pedagogy

4. Digital Proficiency.

5. Language Proficiency (English, Hindi)

6. Personality Development Programmes.

7. Entrepreneurship Training.

8. Stress Management, Yoga, Meditation.

9. Life Skills & Value Education.

10. Computer Literacy.

11. Study of world classics in Education and Text book

Analysis.

12. Action Research.

13. Preparation and use of Teaching Aids.

14. Training in handling of Electronic equipments. like,

Smart Board, LCD Projector etc.

15. First Aid Training.

16. Community Based Activities.

17. Educational Excursions.

18. Student and Teacher Exchange Programmes.

19. Invited Lectures by University/College Faculty and

renowned persons from community.

20. Training in the use of Psychological Tests.

21. Rigorous Internship:

jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr es abl ckr dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd çR;sd mPprj f’k{k.k laLFkku esa lkoZtfud ,oa futh Ldwyksa



vkSj Ldwy ifjljksa dk ,d usVodZ gksxkA ;g vR;Ur ljkguh; gSA bUVuZf’ki ds nkSjku I;wfiy VhplZ }kjk fd;s tkus okys lHkh fØ;kdykiksa rFkk bUVuZf’ki dh vof/k dk Li"V fooj.k fn;k tkuk mfpr gksxkA bl lEcU/k esa dqN fØ;k dyki fuEuor gSa%

Û lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Ldwy esa iwjk le; O;rhr djukA

Û f’k{k.k&vH;kl dk;ZØe

Û ’kks/k fØ;k

Û Ldwy dh lHkh ,dsMfed xfrfof/k;ksa rFkk ikB~; lgxkeh fØ;kvksa esa Hkkx ysuk

Û vPNs f’k{kdksa ds f’k{k.k dk voyksdu djuk

Inservice Teacher Education and Professional Development of Teachers-

Û NPRC/CRC/DRC/SRC/IASE ds fØ;kdykiksa dks activate fd;k tk; ftlls lHkh Inservice ds dk;ZØe lqpk# #i ls py ldsaA

Û bu çf’k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dh fo"k;oLrq f’k{kdksa dh d{kkvksa dh vko’;drkvksa ds vuq#i gksuh pkfg,A

Û f’k{kdksa dh Hkk"kk n{krk fo’ks"k #i ls cuk, x, Vªsfuax ekWM~;wy

}kjk c<+kbZ tkuh pkfg,A

Û f’k{kdksa dks çsfjr djuk pkfg;s ftlls os vius Professional

development ds fy, Seminars, Conferences,

Workshops, Symposia vkfn esa Hkkx ysaA

Û lHkh Lrj ij Orientation Programme rFkk Refresher

Course esa Hkkx ysuk Mandatory gksuk pkfg,A blds fy;s f’k{kdksa dks vodk’k nsuk pkfg;sA

Û laLFkkvksa dks lsokjr f’k{kdksa ds fy;s Short term theme

specific courses Hkh vk;ksftr djuk pkfg;sA

Û Online training course Hkh pyk;s tkus pkfg;sA

Û mij;qZä lHkh fcUnqvksa ds fy;s xkbMykbUl cukuh pkfg;sA

vU; lq>ko& ,slk vuqHko fd;k x;k gS fd vusd f’k{kd çf’k{k.k

laLFkk;sa NCTE }kjk fu/kkZfjr ekudksa dks iwjk ugha djrh gSaA blds fy;s ,d Monitoring Committee dk xBu djuk vko’;d çrhr gksrk gS tks le;≤ ij laLFkkvksa esa tkdj fu/kkZfjr ekudksa ;Fkk bUÝkLVªDpj] Hkou] d{kk;sa rFkk f’k{kdksa dh fu;qfDr vkfn dh tk¡p dj ldsaA

fgUnh Hkkjr dh lEidZ Hkk"kk dh vksj fMftVyh vxzljfgUnh fo'o ds vkfFkZd eap ij vxzlj gSA fo'o ds ikoj ySaXost baMsDl esa dgk x;k gS fd 2050 rd fgUnh fo'o dh lcls

vf/kd cksyh o dk;Z djus okyh Hkk"kk cusxhA ,slk gksuk blfy, r; gS fd Hkkjr ds vfgUnh Hkk"kh {ks=ksa esa Hkh yxkrkj foLrkj dh vksj vxzlj gSA lkFk vkfFkZd {ks= esa cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;k¡ vius ekuolalk/ku ds {ks= esa vius dk;Z djus okyksa dks fgUnh ds iz;ksx ds ckjs esa izf'k{k.k ns jgh gSaA chrs pkj n'kdksa dh ckr djsa rks 10 Hkk"kkvksa dh rqyuk esa ,d ek= fgUnh gS] blds cksyus okyksa dh la[;k c<+h gSA 1971 ls vkWdM+ks dk vè;;u djsaxs rks irk yxsxk fd 37 izfr'kr yksx fgUnh cksyrs FksA 2011 esa fgUnh cksyus okyksa dh la[;k c<+dj 44 izfr'kr gks xbZ gSA ;s o``f) 7 izfr'kr gS tcfd vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds o``f) nj esa fxjkoV vkbZ gSA

izeq[k ckr ;g gS fd fMftVy lalkj esa fgUnh v¡xzsth ls 5 xquk vf/kd c<+ xbZ gSA fgUnh esa cus lkexzh dk mi;ksx o"kZ esa 94 izfr'kr dh nj ls c<+k gS tcfd vaxzsth esa ek= 19 izfr'krA mÙkj izns'k vkSj fcgkj esa gj 3 esa ,d O;fDr fgUnh cksyrk gS pkgs og {ks=h; ygts esa D;ksa u gksA tcfd eè; izns'k o jktLFkku esa gj 4 esa nks O;fDr fgUnh cksyrk gSA

2019 esa fo'o esa cksyh tkus okyh 5 'kh"kZ Hkk"kkvksa esa fgUnh rhljs LFkku ij igq¡p xbZ gSA lu~ 2019 eas 126 djksM+ ds lkFk igys] eankfju 112 djksM+ ds lkFk nwljs vkSj fgUnh 64 djksM+ ds lkFk fgUnh rhljs tcfd LiSuh'k 54 djksM+ ds lkFk pkSFks LFkku Ýasp 28 djksM+ ds lkFk ik¡pos LFkku ij gSA

fodhfifM;k ij ,d yk[k ys[k fgUnh esa gSA vksVhVh IysVQkeZ ;kfu vestu izkbe] uSVfQ~~Ykdl] gkWV LVkj ij Hkh fgUnh Nk x;h gSA Hkkjr esa bl lky vizSy ls ysdj tqykbZ rd ftrus dVsaV fn[ks x, muesa 50 izfr'k dh fgLlsnkjh o ekpZ ls tqykbZ ds chp fgUnh lkexzh ns[kus okys isM lClØkbcj dh la[;k esa 30 izfr'kr dh o``f) gqbZ gSA baVjusV ds iz;ksx djus okyksa dk vuqikr 21 izfr'kr gS ;kfu gj ik¡p esa ls ,d baVjusV gUnh esa iz;ksx djrk gSA ;wV~c ij 93 izfr'kr yksx ohfM;ks fgUnh esa ns[krs gSaA



27 tqykbZ 2020 dks Hkkjr ljdkj ds ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; ds }kjk dsUnzh; eaf=eaMy ds Lohd`fr ds ckn jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr tkjh dh xbZA bl uhfr esa vk, rF;ksa dks tu&tu rd igq¡pkus ds mís'; ls fo|k Hkkjrh }kjk ^ esjh f'k{kk] esjk Hkkjr ¼ek; ,ubZih½ dk vfHk;ku fy;k x;k] ftlds vUrxZr vyx&vyx oxZ ds fy, vyx&vyx dk;ZØe ds ekè;e ls tutkx`fr fd;k x;kA bl izfr;ksfxrk esa yk[kksa dh la[;k esa Ldwyh Nk=ksa] egkfo|ky;hu Nk=ksa] izkè;kidksa rFkk ukxfjdksa us Hkkx fy;kA mUgksaus fofHkUu izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa Hkkx ysdj jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ds ckjs esa viuh tkudkjh esa vkSj vf/kd foLrkj fd;k lkFk gh blls lEcfU/kr izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa iqjLdkj thrsA ek; ,ubZih dh osclkbV ij 5 djksM+ 30 yk[k 86 gtkj 482 yksxksa us ns[kk gSA blls bl O;kid vfHk;ku dh igq¡p dks Li"V gh le>k tk ldrk gSA

yxHkx 34 o"kksZa ds ckn vkbZ cgqizrhf{kr jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr esa Hkkjrh; vko';drkvksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, f'k{kk iznku djus ij cy fn;k x;k gSA Ldwyh f'k{kk esa O;kid cnyko] f'k{kk dks Kku vk/kkfjr cukus ij tksj] mPp f'k{kk esa eYVh ,fDtV@,aVªh IokbaV] bl f'k{kk uhfr ds ;qxkarjdkjh cnyko dh vksj lHkh dk è;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dks lHkh oxksaZ ls ljkguk,¡ izkIr gqbZ gSa] Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h Jh ujsUnz eksnh th us Hkh bl f'k{kk uhfr ds tehuh /kjkry ij fØ;kUo;u dk vk'oklu fn;k gSA

fo|k Hkkjrh }kjk 25 flrEcj ls 2 vDVwcj ds eè; vfHk;ku yxHkx 13 Hkk"kkvksa esa Ldwyh Nk=ksa] mPp f'k{kk xzg.k dj jgs Nk=ksa rFkk vke ukxfjdksa ds fy, pyk;k x;kA bl dk;ZØe esa lcls T;knk [kkl ckr ;g jgh fd yksx f'k{kk {ks= ls lh/ks rkSj ij tks ugha tqM+s

gSa] mUgksaus Hkh bl dk;ZØe esa #fp yh ftlls vketu dks Hkkjrh; f'k{kk {ks= esa lq/kkj dh vkdka{kkvksa dks bl f'k{kk uhfr ds ekè;e ls ia[k feyus dk liuk iwjk gksrk fn[krk gSA

ek; ,ubZih dk;ZØe dh 'kq#vkr Hkkjr ds f'k{kk ea=h Jh jes'k iks[kfj;ky ^fu'kad* }kjk 11 flrEcj dks Lokeh foosdkuan ds f'kdkxks esa Hkk"k.k nsus ds fnu fd;k x;kA mUgksaus dgk f'k{kk uhfr gesa Hkkjrh; ewY;ksa ds dsfUnzr Kku dh vksj ys tkus okyh gSA Hkkjrh; fopkjksa ds vuq:Ik f'k{kk ls gh ge Hkkjrh; ewY;ksa dks dsUnz esa j[kdj vius liuksa ds vuq:Ik vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr cuk ldrs gSaA ;g f'k{kk uhfr fo'o esa lcls O;kid ijke'kZ ls cukbZ xbZ uhfr;ksa esa ,d gSA

chrs 25 flrEcj ls ysdj 2 vDVwcj ds chp 13 Hkk"kkvksa esa pyk, xbZ ek; ,ubZih vfHk;ku esa dbZ rjg dh tSls iksLVj esfdax] ohfM;ks] ehe] iz/kkuea=h dks i= vkfn izfr;ksfxrk,¡ vk;ksftr dh xbZA bu izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa izfrHkkfx;ksa us cgqr gh mRlqdrk ,oa :fp ds lkFk Hkkx fy;k ftlls vke tuekul dh Kku vk/kkfjr f'k{kk O;oLFkk ds izfr izfrc)rk rFkk :fp Li"V gh ns[kh tk ldrh gSA

ek; ,ubZih dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr ,acsLMj cuk, x, ftUgksaus lks'ky ehfM;k vkfn ekè;eksa ls bl dk;ZØe dks O;kid cukus esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA pwafd bl le; dksjksuk ok;jl dk izdksi tksjksa ij gS blfy, ;g lkjs iz;kl vkWuykbu ekè;eksa ls gh fd, x,A bl dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr f'k{kk {ks= ls tqM+s gq, fofHkUu yksxksa us Qsl cqd ykbo ds ekè;e ls ̂ f'k{kk {ks= esa O;kid lq/kkj* fd, tk ldrs gSa rFkk jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr mu mís';ksa dks izkIr djus esa fdl izdkj ennxkj gS bl fo"k; ij vius fopkj izLrqr fd,A Qsl cqd

Eksjk Hkkjr % esjh f'k{kk


Jh jfo dqekj

laxBu ea=h]

fo|k Hkkjrh] gfj;k.kk

lkekftd] 'kSf{kd fo"k;ksa

dk xgu v/;srk] fpard




ykbo gksrs gh cM+h la[;k esa budk ykbo ns[kk tkuk rFkk ckn esa ohfM;ksa ns[kus dh #fp ls O;wojf'ki o yksxksa dh bl dk;ZØe ds izfr #fp dks Li"V djrh gSA

ek; ,ubZih dh osclkbZV ls yxHkx 05 djksM+ 30 yk[k yksxkas us ek; ,ubZih dk;ZØe ds ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr dh o dk;ZØe esa lgHkkx gsrq 12]56]019 yksxkas us iathdj.k fd;k FkkA bl dk;ZØe ds rgr fofHkUu izfr;ksfxrk,¡ vk;ksftr dh xbZA ftlesa 1]32]788 izfof"V;k¡ izkIr gqbZA fofHkUu izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa lgHkkfxrk djus ds fy, dqy 13]19]810 izek.k i= yksxksa dks fn, x,A ;g izfr;ksfxrk dqy 33 jkT;ksa o dsUnz'kkflr izns'kksa esa vk;ksftr dh xbZ gSA ftles cM+h la[;k esa Ldwyh Nk=ksa] mPp f'k{kk xzg.k djs Nk=ksa rFkk vU; ukxfjdksa us lgHkkfxrk dhA cM+h la[;k esa yksxksa dh lgHkkfxrk bl

dk;ZØe dh lQyrk n'kkZrh gSA

iz/kkuea=h Jh ujsUnz eksnh rFkk fofHkUu dsUnzh; eaaf=;ksa lfgr f'k{kk {ks= ls tqM+s izeq[k O;fDr;ksa us bl dk;ZØe ds ckjs esa viuh jk; j[kh lkdkjkRed :[k fn[kkrs gq, yksxkas ds chp f'k{kk uhfr laca/kh rF;ksa dk ek; ,ubZih }kjk izlkj fd, tkus ij eqDr daB ls ljkguk dhA fo|k Hkkjrh us bl dk;ZØe dks vk;ksftr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA fuf'pr :Ik ls ;g iz;kl f'k{kk {ks= esa tehuh okLrfodrk dks cnydj O;kid lq/kkj ykus okys fl) gksaxsA

dqy iathdj.k vkWu osc lkbV & 12]56]019] izfr;ksfxrk ds fy, izek.k ysus okyksa dh la[;k 13]19]810] dqy izek.k i= vkWu ykbu 13]19]810 osclkbV iz;ksxdÙkkZ 18]58]401 dqy osc i``"B dks ns[kus okys yksxksa dh la[;k 5]30]86]482 jghA

izkarksa ls lgHkkx djus okyksa dh la[;k bl izdkj gS &

mÙkj izns'k 3]23]933 if'pe caxky 42]392 ikafMpsjh 1057

vksfMlk 2]34]447 gfj;k.kk 33]752 es?kky; 473

eè; izns'k 2]29]848 mÙkjk[kaM 29]324 ukxkySaM 413

fcgkj 127020 tEew&d'ehj 23814 xksok 318

xqtjkr 118801 iatkc 22429 f=iqjk 387

jktLFkku 91686 vkU/kz izns'k 19455 vaneku

rfeyukMw 71544 >kj[kaM 17160 fudksckj 86

dsjy 63480 NÙkhlx<+ 17899 fetksje 292

rsyaxkuk 63454 vklke 14924 nknj uxj gosyh 86

egkjk"Vª 60600 fgekpy izns'k 10566 flfDde 69

fnYyh 61391 paMhx<+ 6345 neu o nho 17

dukZVd 41618 ef.kiqj 5614

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa vyx&vyx lgHkkfxrk bl izdkj gS &

vaxzsth 100206 fgUnh 23113 laLd``r 275

ey;kye 272 vksfM+;k 2996 casXkkyh 484

rsyxw 395 ejkBh 1323 vleh 64

xqtjkrh 2502 dUUkM+ 554 rfey 489

Qslcqd ykbo ds ek/;e ls fnukad 16@09@2020 ls fnukad 02@10@2020 rd ds Qsl cqd ykbo ij ekxZn'kZu djus okys lekt ds T;s"B&Js"B egkuqHkkoksa dh lwph %&

fnukad oDrk oDrk dk ifjp; fo"k;

16@9@2020 Jh fefyan ejkBs iwoZ vè;{k] vf[ky fo|kFkhZ ifj"kn~ ,ubZih dh vo/kkj.kk

17@9@2020 izks +,e +ds +Jh/kj izk:Ik lfefr ds lnL; ,ubZih dh le>



18@9@2020 izks +vkj oS|ukFku iwoZ izks +vkbZvkbZ ,e caasXyq: ,ubZih dh le>

19@9@2020 MkW +iadt th tSu laLFkkid lhM2LkSifyax ,ubZih fo|ky;ksa gsrq

20@9@2020 izks +vfuy lglzcq)s vè;{k] ,vklhVhbZ Hkkjr esa rduhdh f'k{kk

21@9@2020 MkW +psru flaxbZ lEkUo;d milfefr ,ubZih VkLd uhfr vkSj iz;ksx ,ubZih

22@9@2020 MkW +f'ko dqekj th vf[ky Hkkjrh; ea=h fo|k Hkkjrh Hkkjr dsfUnzr f'k{kk cPpksa lokZaxh.k fodkl esa ,ubZih

23@9@2020 MkW +,l +lh +'kekZ funs'kd] uSd fu/kkZj.k vkSj izR;kiu fØ;kRed rFkk laosnukRed

24@9@2020 MkW +Lo:Ik jkoy vfHkusrk vkSj f'k{kkfon~ fparu vkSj iBu

25@9@2020 MkW +oh +ds +lkjLor lnL; uhfr vk;ksx ,ubZih 2020 vuqla/kku vkSj uoksUes"k ds fy, lEHkkouk,¡

26@9@2020 MkW +'kdhyk Vh +'kElw dsUnzh; tutkfr ,ubZih ls mPprj f'k{kk vka/kz izns'k okblpkalyj eas lq/kkj fo'ofo|ky;

27@9@2020 izks +Vh +dV~Vhef.k vka/kz fo'o fo|ky; Hkkjrh; Kku ijEijk

28@9@2020 Jh vkuan dqekj lqij 30] iVuk] xf.krK ifjp;kRed O;k[;k

28@9@2020 MkW +Jh/kj JhokLro la;qDr funs'kd] ,ulhbZvkjVh ,ubZih fo|ky;hu f'k{kk esa lq/kkj

29@9@2020 MkW +vkj +,l +dqjhy lnL; izk:Ik lfefr ,ubZih f'k{kk esa lekurk gsrq izko/kku

01@10@2020 Jh izdk'k tkoMsdj Ik;kZoj.k ea=ky;] esjh f'k{kk] esjk Hkkjr

02@10@2020 Jh Mh +jked``".k jko vf[ky Hkkjrh; vè;{k] fo|k Hkkjrh vè;{kh; ekxZn'kZu

esjk Hkkjr esjh f'k{kk ds lekt rd igq¡pkus esa lg;ksxh ca/kq&Hkfxfu;ksa dks ekxn'kZu gsrq x.kekU; ca/kq&Hkfxfu;ksa dh lwph bl izdkj gS %&

Jh banj flag ijekj esjh f'k{kk ds mRizsjd leUo;d 3299

MkW +/ku flag jkor mÙkjk[kaM ds mRizsjd lEkUo;dksa gsrq 3141

Jh /kesZUnz iz/kku mM+hlk ds mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 9214

MkW ,u +iapUukFku~ rfeyukMw mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 1206

MkW +v'oLFkukjk;u~ dukZVd izkar mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 2203

Jh Hkos'k dfyrk vklke izkar mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 2509

MkW +fnus'k 'kekZ mÙkj izns'k mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 131000

izks +bZ lqjs'k dqekj rsyaxkuk izkar mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 1233

Jh HkwisUnz flag pqMklek xqtjkr izkar mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 5488

Jh lquhy xqIrk fgekpy izkar mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 1418

MkW +ds +,l +jk/kkd``".ku~ dsjy izkar mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 856

izks +fo|qr pØorhZ if'pe caxky mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 7836

izks +,u +oh +jeUukjko vka/kz izns'k mRizsjd leUodksa gsrq 1328

Jh lqn'kZu 'kekZ tEew&d'ehj ,oa yn~~nk[k 1128



fdlh Hkh f’k{kk izfØ;k dk Hkk"kk ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkkx gSaA KkuktZu dh izfØ;k dk ek/;e Hkk"kk gSA f’k{kk ,oa Kku nks vyx&vyx gksrs gq, Hkh ijLij gq, xw¡Fksa gSa] f’k{kk gh okLro esa Kku dh vksj ys tkrh gSA Kku Lo vftZr Hkh gks ldrk gS ijUrq f’k{kk ds fy, leqfpr uhfr;ksa ,oa ;kstuk dh vko’;drk gksrh gS] tks f’k{k.k izfØ;k dks fofHkUu fu;e mifu;eksa] ikB~;p;kZ] ikB~;Øe vkfn esa ck¡/krh gSaA

Hkkjr esa KkuktZu dh f’k{k.k izfØ;k dk bfrgkl cgqr iqjkuk gSA izkphu dky esa ;gk¡ f’k{kk dk ek/;e laaLd`r Hkk"kk FkhA nks izdkj dh f’k{k.k O;oLFkk,¡ Fkh] ikB’kkyk ,oa xq#dqy O;oLFkkA ;s O;oLFkk,¡ lekt iksf"kr Fkha rFkk lÙkk izfr"Bku dk buesa gLr{ksi ugha FkkA ckS)er ds O;kid izpkj&izlkj ds i’pkr~~ f’k{kk dk ek/;e vusd laLFkkvksa esa LFkkuh; Hkk"kk tSls izkd`r o ikyh FkhA bl dky[k.M ds i’pkr~~~ vusd fo’oizfl) f’k{k.k laLFkku ukyank] r{kf’kyk] foØef’kyk vkfn ukeksa ls LFkkfir gq,A eqlyekuksa ds vkxeu ds i’pkr~~ e/;dky esa eqfLye leqnk; ds fy, edrc ¼izkFkfed fo|ky;½ o enjlk ¼mPp f’k{kk½ ’kq: gq,] tgk¡ f’k{kk dk ek/;e Qkjlh o vjch FkkA fo’o Hkj esa f’k{kk ds ek/;e ds :i esa ekr`Hkk"kk gks] bldh Lohdk;Zrk 1953 esa UNESCO ds Publication, Use

of Vernaculars in Education ds ckn gqbZA

It is through his mother toungue

that every human being first learns to

formulate and express his ideas about

himself and about the world in which he

lives. (Chaklader,1990-P-281)

vk/kqfud Hkkjr esa ekr`Hkk"kk esa f’k{kk dks i;kZIr egÙo 19oha lnh dh ’kq:vkr ls gh feyus dk lk{; gS&ckEcs ,twds’ku lkslkbVh

us 1821 ls gh f’k{kk ds ek/;e ds :i esa ekr`Hkk"kk dks leFkZu fn;kA (Patanayak,

1981: 138-139)

vaxzstkas ds vkus ds le; Hkkjr esa vusd ikB’kkyk,¡ o xq#dqy Fks tgk¡ f’k{kk dk ek/;e fgUnh] ÅnwZ] Qkjlh] laLd`r] vjch] caxkyh vkfn FksA izkjEHk esa vaxzstkas us f’k{kk dh vksj /;ku ugha fn;k ijUrq ckn esa fe’kufj;ksa }kjk vaxzst+h Hkk"kk esa f’k{kk nsuk izkjEHk fd;k x;k ftls vaxzsth lÙkk us Hkh izksRlkfgr fd;kA

The missionaries used education

as a means of evangelization. They

propagated for the spread of Christian

religion through English medium.

(Nurullah and Nail, 1951)

1813 ds pkVZj ,DV ds i’pkr~~~ Hkkjr esa f’k{kk uhfr dks ysdj ,d laHkze cuk gqvk Fkk fd f’k{kk dk ek/;e D;k gks ? dqN yksx LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa dks izkFkfed Lrj ij egÙo nsuk pkgrs Fks ,oa mPprj f’k{kk esa vaxzst+h Hkk"kk ds fgek;rh Fks] rks dqN yksx H.H.Wilson,

H.T. Prince tSls yksx Fks tks f’k{kk dk ek/;e Hkkjr dh LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa esa gh pkgrs FksA 1823 esa dukZVd ds csYyjh ftys ds ftyk eftLVsªV dh ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj ftys esa dqy 533 fo|ky; Fks] ftuesa f’k{kk dk ek/;e 235 fo|ky;ksa esa dUuM+] 226 esa rsyxq] 23 esa ejkBh] 21 esa Qkjlh] 4 esa rfey o 1 esa vaxzst+h FkhA

1834 ds twu ekl esa eSdkWys lqizhe dkÅ¡fly ds lnL; ds :i esa Hkkjr vk;kA 1835 ds vius izfrosnu esa tks fd eSdkWys feuV~l dgyk;k esa 1813 ds pkVZj ,DV dh vkykspuk dh rFkk og vjch] laLd`r vkfn Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds ek/;e ls f’k{kk dk ?kksj fojks/k fd;k] gkyk¡fd mlus vius izfrosnu esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd mls laLd`r o Qkjlh

Hkkjr esa f’k{kk uhfr;k¡ o vk;ksxksa dk xBu


Jh riu dqekj

,y- ,y- ch-] ,e-ch-,-]

laxBu ea=h] fo|k Hkkjrh esjB izkar

'kSf{kd o lkekftd

fo"k;ksa ds vè;srk

lekt dk;Z dk fo’ks"k vuqHko




dk Kku ugha gS ijUrq mlus laLd`r] Qkjlh vkfn Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh dVq vkykspuk dhA mlus dgk ^^;wjksfi;u iqLrdky; dh ,d vyehjk Hkh lEiw.kZ Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ds lkfgR; ls T;knk ewY;oku gSA** vr% mlus vaxzst+h Hkk"kk esa f’k{kk dh odkyr dh A mlds izfrosnu dh izeq[k ckrsa fuEufyf[kr Fkha &

1- laLd`r vFkok vjch ls T;knk egÙoiw.kZ o ewY;oku vaxzst+h dk Kku gSA

2- LFkkuh; yksx Hkh vaxzst+h Hkk"kk esa f’k{k.k pkgrs gaSA

3- vaxzst+h Hkk"kk esa f’kf{kr Hkkjrh; vaxzst+ks o Hkkjrh; turk ds chp lsrq dk dke djsaxsaA

4- if’pe ds ns’kksa esa Hkh vaxzst+h Hkk"kk dk ,d izeq[k o egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA

mlus dgk] English educated Indians will be Indian in

blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals

and in intellect. To that class we may leave it to refine the

vernaocular dialeats of the country.

gkyk¡fd Macaulay Minute dk fojks/k lqizhe dkÅ¡fly ds nwljs lnL; H.T. Princep us fd;k ijUrq 7 ekpZ 1835 dks rRdkyhu xouZj tujy fofy;u csafVd us eSdkWys feuV~l dks Lohdkj dj Hkkjr dh f’k{kk uhfr esa ,d vkewypwy ifjorZu dh ’kq:vkr dhA

,d vksj tgk¡ eSdkys us LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa dh ?kksj mis{kk dh ogha nwljh vksj Hkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa f’k{kk ds egRo dks ysdj cksyus okys Hkh yksx FksA vr% 1854 ds Charles Wood Dispatch tks xouZj tujy MygkSth dks Hkstk x;k Fkk esa dgk x;k& In any general

system of education, the English language should be taught

where there is a demand for it, but such instruction should

always be combined with careful attention to the study of the

vernacular language of the district”.

,d gn rd pkYlZ oqM ds bl izfrosnu dks orZeku Hkkjrh; f’k{kk O;oLFkk dk vk/kkj dgk tk ldrk gSA blds igys rd Hkkjrh;

f’k{kk O;oLFkk iw.kZ :i ls ljdkjh fu;a=.k ls eqDr Fkh] lekt iksf"kr Fkh ijUrq 1854 ds ckn vaxzstksa us f’k{k.k laLFkkuksa dks ljdkjh vuqnku nsus dh ijEijk ’kq: dh rFkk /khjs&/khjs dqN fo|ky; iw.kZr% ljdkjh lgk;rk ls pyus yxsA bl laiw.kZ O;oLFkk dk mís’; jkT; lapkyu O;oLFkk ds fy;s mi;ksxh Hkkjrh; fyfid iSnk djuk FkkA blds dqN izeq[k lq>ko Fks &

1- izR;sd izkar esa f’k{kk foHkkx [kM+k djukA

2- cacbZ] enzkl] dksydkrk tSls cM+s ’kgjksa esa yanu fo’ofo|ky; tSls fo’ofo|ky; [kM+k djukA

3- izR;sd ftys esa U;wure ,d ljdkjh fo|ky; ’kq: djukA

4- lacf)r futh fo|ky;ksa dks ljdkjh vuqnku nsukA

5- Hkkjrh; yksxksa dks mudh Hkk"kk esa f’k{k.k o izf’k{k.k dh ;kstuk djukA

vaxzst+h ’kklu ds nkSjku Hkkjr dh f’k{kk O;oLFkk esa rhu izdkj dh O;oLFkk,¡ cuha &1- ’kgjh {ks=ksa esa mPp oxhZ; Hkkjrh;ksa dks izkFkfed Lrj ls gh

vaxzst+h Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls f’k{kk nsukA

2- ’kgjh {ks=ks esa f’k{kk dh nks Lrjh; O;oLFkk&izkFkfed Lrj ij LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa rFkk mPprj f’k{kk vaxszt+h Hkk"kk esaA

3- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa f’k{kkA

1858 ds i’pkr~~~ ns'k dh lÙkk }kjk f’k{kk {ks= esa vusd vk;ksxksa ,oa lfefr;ksa dk xBu fd;k x;k &1- Indian education Commission or Hunter Commission in

1882.

2- Indian University Commission, 1902

3- The Calcutta University Commission, 1917-19

4- The Hartog Committee, 1928-29

5- Abbot-Wood Committee, 1936-37

6- Zakir Hussain/Wardha Committee on Basic Education

1938.

7- The Sergeant Report, 1944

8- The University education Commission/Radhakrishan

Commission, 1948-49

9- B.G. Kher Committee on Primary Education, 1951

10- The Secondary Education Commission, 1952-53

11- Official language Commission,1956

^^gkyk¡fd Macaulay Minute dk fojks/k lqizhe dkÅ¡fly ds nwljs lnL; H.T. Princep us fd;k ijUrq 7 ekpZ 1835 dks rRdkyhu xouZj tujy fofy;u csafVd us eSdkys feuV~l dks Lohdkj dj Hkkjr dh f’k{kk uhfr esa ,d vkewypwy ifjorZu dh ’kq:vkr dhA**



12- The University Grants Commission/Kunzuru Committee

Report, 1959

13- The Education Commission/Kothari Commission,

1964-66

14- Dr. Trigun Sen/Higher Education Committee report,

1967

15- The Study Group report on teaching of English, 1967-

71

16- National Policy on education, 1986

17- Acharya Ramamurti Commission, 1990

18- National education Policy, 2020

1948&66 ds chp ds vk;ksxksa ds izeq[k lq>ko bl izdkj gSa &1- 1948 ds fo’ofo|ky;ksa ds dqyifr;ksa ds lEesyu esa fo’ofo|ky;

Lrj ij 05 o"kZ ds i’pkr~~~ f’k{kk dk ek/;e vaxzst+h ls gVk dj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dks djus dk lq>ko vk;kA

2- 1948 ds jkT;ksa ds f’k{kk eaf=;ksa ds lEesyu us izkFkfed ,oa ek/;fed Lrj ij f’k{kk dk ek/;e ekr`Hkk"kk vFkok jkT; dh ¼{ks=h;½ Hkk"kk esa djus dk izLrko fd;kA

3- 1949 ds jk/kkd`".ku~~ vk;ksx us ek/;fed ,oa fo’ofo|ky; Lrj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks rhu Hkk"kk&LFkkuh; Hkk"kk] fgUnh ,oa vaxzst+h dks i<+kus dk lq>ko fn;kA

4- 1952 ds ek/;fed f’k{kk vk;ksx us f’k{kk eaf=;ksa ds lEesyu esa 1948 ds lq>koksa dks Lohdkj djus ds lkFk gh mPp izkFkfed d{kk ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nks vfrfjDr Hkk"kk,¡] mnkgj.kr% fgUnh ,oa vaxzst+h dks i<+kus dk lq>ko fn;kA

5- UGC }kjk 1955 esa xfBr dq¡t: lfefr us fo’ofo|ky; Lrj ij f’k{kk ds ek/;e ds :i esa LFkkuh; Hkk"kk dks ykus ij /khjs pyus dk lq>ko nsrs gq, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vaxzst+h Hkk"kk esa i<+us ij tksj fn;kA

6- Central Advisory Board of Education 1957 dh lfefr

us 1961 esa lEiUu jkT;ksa ds eq[;eaf=;ksa ds lEesyu esaas f=Hkk"kk QkewZyk dks ykxw djus dk lq>ko fn;k] ftlds vuqlkj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks rhu Hkk"kkvksa dks i<+kus dks dgk x;k&

¼d½ LFkkuh; Hkk"kk] ¼[k½ xSj fgUnh {ks= esa fgUnh rFkk fgUnh Hkk"kk {ks=ksa esa vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk] ¼x½ vaxzst+h vFkok vU; dksbZ ;wjksih; Hkk"kkA

7- 1964&66 ds dksBkjh vk;ksx us f=Hkk"kk QkewZyk dks ykxw djus esa vkus okyh dfBukbZ;ksa dk v/;;u dj ,d la’kksf/kr izLrko bl lanHkZ esa fn;k tks vkt yxHkx iwjs ns’k esa ykxw gSA

Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk vuqPNsn 30 Hkk"kk;h lewgksa dks ekr`Hkk"kk esa f’k{kk ,oa viuh f’k{k.k laLFkkvksa dks lapkfyr djus dk vf/kdkj nsrk gSA lkFk gh lafo/kku 6&14 o"kZ ds cPpksa dks izkFkfed f’k{kk izkIr djus dk ekSfyd vf/kdkj Hkh iznku djrk gSA

1968 dh f’k{kk uhfr&rhljs iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds vafre fnuksa esa f’k{kk vk;ksx us

viuk izfrosnu izLrqr fd;k ftlds vuqlkj 1968 dh f’k{kk uhfr vfLrRo esa vkbZA vk;ksx ds izeq[k lq>ko bl izdkj Fks &

1½ 14 o"kZ dh vk;q rd eq¶r ,oa vfuok;Z f’k{kkA

2½ f’k{kdksa ds Lrj] muds f’k{k.k o vuqdj.k ij cyA

3½ LFkkuh; {ks=h; Hkk"kkvksa dks fodflr dj mUgsa fo’ofo|ky;ksa Lrj ij f’k{kk ds ek/;e ds ;ksX; cukukA

4½ f=Hkk"kk lw= dks Bhd izdkj ls ykxw djkukA

5½ Hkkjr dh lexz laLd`fr ds :i esa fgUnh dks vfHkO;fDr ds ek/;e ds :i esa izksRlkfgr djukA

6½ laLd`r Hkk"kk dk fodkl djukA

7½ varjjk"Vªh; Hkk"kkvksa fo’ks"k :i ls vaxzsth ds v/;;u dks egRo nsukA

8½ lHkh dks f’k{kk dk leku volj miyC/k djkukA

,d gn rd pkYlZ oqM ds bl izfrosnu dks orZeku Hkkjrh; f’k{kk O;oLFkk dk vk/kkj dgk tk ldrk gSA blds igys rd Hkkjrh; f’k{kk O;oLFkk iw.kZ :i ls ljdkjh fu;a=.k ls eqDr Fkh] lekt iksf"kr Fkh ijUrq 1854 ds ckn vaxzstksa us f’k{k.k laLFkkuksa dks ljdkjh vuqnku nsus dh iajijk ’kq: dh rFkk /khjs&/khjs dqN fo|ky; iw.kZr% ljdkjh lgk;rk ls pyus yxsA

Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk vuqPNsn 30 Hkk"kk;h lewgksa dks ekr`Hkk"kk esa f’k{kk ,oa viuh f’k{k.k laLFkkvksa dks lapkfyr djus dk vf/kdkj nsrk gSA lkFk gh lafo/kku 6&14 o"kZ ds cPpksa dks izkFkfed f’k{kk izkIr djus dk ekSfyd vf/kdkj Hkh iznku djrk gSA



9½ laiw.kZ ns’k esa f’k{kk ds ,d leku O;oLFkkxr <+k¡ps dh Lohdk;Zrk cukus dk iz;kl djukA gkyk¡fd bl uhfr ds y{; cM+s mPp Fks ijUrq blds fØ;kUo;u ds igyqvksa] mik;ksa dks mfpr rjhds ls ifjHkkf"kr ugha fd;k x;k FkkA

1986 dh f’k{kk uhfr &1986 esa laln }kjk Lohd`r bl f’k{kk uhfr dh nks ckj leh{kk

dh xbZ& ¼1½ ebZ 1990 esa vkpk;Z jekewfrZ vk;ksx }kjk] ¼2½ ,u + tuknZu jsM~Mh ds usr`Ro esa 1992 esaA bldh izeq[k ckrsa fuEuor~~ Fkha &

& f’k{kk ds ek/;e ls varjjk"Vªh; lg;ksx ,oa ’kkafriw.kZ lgvfLrRo dks izksRlkgu nsukA

& lc dks lekurk ds fy, iz;kl djukA

& laiw.kZ ns’k ds fy, 10+2+3 dh leku f’k{kk O;oLFkkA

& efgyk lekurk dks f’k{kk ds ek/;e ls izksRlkguA

& vuqlwfpr tutkfr {ks=ksa esa izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa dks ’kq: djukA

& ouoklh ca/kqvksa dh Hkk"kk esa f’k{k.k lkexzh ,oa ikB~;p;kZ lkexzh dk fuekZ.k djukA

& vYila[;dksa dh f’k{kk ij fo"ks’k /;ku nsukA

& izkS<+ f’k{kk gsrq jk"Vªh; lk{kjrk fe’ku dks ’kq: djukA

& vkaxuckM+h dsUnzks dh LFkkiukA

& fo’ofo|ky;ksa esa ’kks/k dks izksRlkgu nsukA

& eqDr fo’ofo|ky; ,oa nwjLFk f’k{kk dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk djukA

& All India council of technical education dh LFkkiuk dj mls Hkkjr esa rduhdh ,oa eSustesaV f’k{kk ds fy, nkf;Ro nsukA

& f’k{kdksa ds f’k{k.k] izf’k{k.k ij tksj nsrs gq, izR;sd ftys esa District Institute of Education and Trainig (DIET) dh LFkkiuk djukA

tcfd ;g f’k{kk uhfr Hkh vius mís’; esa iw.kZ :i ls lQy ugha gks ikbZ D;ksafd bl uhfr esa tulgHkkfxrk dk vHkko FkkA lkFk gh cnyrs varjjk"Vªh;@jk"Vªh; ifjn`’;] pqukSfr;ksa] ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa la?k"kksaZ ds dkj.k UNESCO }kjk 1997 esa Jacques Dellars

ds usr`Ro esa xfBr lfefr us lHkh ns’kk dh f’k{kk uhfr gsrq fn’kk funZs’kd fcUnq cuk,A Hkkjr esa Hkh le; dh ek¡x ds vuq:i cnyh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lgh vFkksZa esa Hkkjr dh ewy Hkkouk dks izfrfoafcr djus okyh f’k{kk uhfr dh vko’;drk lnSo eglwl dh tk jgh FkhA

2014 esa Jh ujsUnz eksnh ds usr`Ro esa ubZ ljdkj cuus ij bl vksj /;ku fn;k x;kA lHkh xzkeksa dh iapk;rksa ,oa yk[kksa f’k{kfonksa ds lq>ko ds vk/kkj ij Jh ds +dLrwjhjaxu th ds usr`Ro esa xfBr vk;ksx us 2020 esa ljdkj dks ubZ f’k{kk uhfr dk izk:i lkSaik ftls dsUnz ljdkj }kjk 27 tqykbZ dks Lohdkj dj jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr 2020 dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA le;c) fØ;kUo;u ;kstuk ,oa lfØ; tulgHkkx ds cy ij fo’okl gS fd ;g jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr NEP

2020 fuf’pr gh lQy gksxhA

Hkkjr esa f'k{kk esa laoS/kkfud lekurk vR;kf/kd vko';d gS

f'k{kk dh mRd``"V xq.koÙkk ds Lo:Ik dks leku :Ik ls lHkh ukxfjdksa ds fy, ykxw djus esa Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dh /kkjk 30 lcls vf/kd ck/kd gSA bl /kkjk us lekt dks vYila[;d ,oa cgqla[;d esa foHkkftr dj fn;k gSA bl /kkjk ds vuqlkj Hkk"kk o etgc ¼fjyhtu½ dh n``f"V ls vYila[;dksa dks viuh ilan dh f'k{k.k laLFkk,¡ LFkkfir djus ,oa mUgsa lapkfyr djus dk fo'ks"k vf/kdkj iznku fd;k x;k gSA jkT; bu laLFkkvksa esa dksbZ gLr{ksi ugha dj ldsxkA bl /kkjk ds jgrs f'k{kk esa xq.koÙkk ,oa lekurk vFkZghu gks tkrh gSA ifj.kker% vYila[;d lekt dHkh Hkh jk"Vª dh ewy/kkjk esa lekfgr ugha gks ldsxkA ,d foMEcuk vkSj gS fd bl /kkjk dh O;k[;k bl <ax ls dh xbZ gS fd cgqla[;d lekt dks viuh ilan ds f'k{k.k laLFkk,¡ LFkkfir djus o lapkfyr djus dk vf/kdkj ugha gS tks vYila[;dksa dks izkIr gSA blds QyLo:Ik cgqla[;d lekt eas fo?kVu izkjEHk gks x;k gSA caxky esa jked``".k fe'ku us rFkk fcgkj esa vk;Z lekt us vius dks mPp U;k;ky; }kjk vYila[;d ds :Ik esa ?kksf"kr djok fy;k gSA bl /kkjk ds jgrs gq, Hkkjr esa lkekftd lejlrk ,oa jk"Vªh; ,drk LFkkfir djuk dHkh lEHko ugha gks ldsxkA blfy, izcq)tuksa dk ;g jk"Vªh; nkf;Ro curk gS fd os jk"Vªh; ifjppkZ ds ekè;e ls tutkx``fr djsa o lafo/kku dh /kkjk 30 dsk gVokdj gh ne ysaA

f'k{kk eas Lok;Ùkrk dk vFkZ LoPNUnrk ugha gSA f'k{kk ds fu;eu dh O;oLFkk djuk rks ijeko';d gS fdUrq fu;eu ds uke ij gks jgh {kqnz jktuhfr ,oa O;fDrxr vFkok nyh; LokFkZ ls f'k{kk dks eqfDr fnykuk jk"Vªh; fgr esa vifjgk;Z gSA

& J)s; gks +os +'ks"kkfnz



Ekk¡ dks vius csVs vkSj fdlku dks vius ygygkrs [ksr ns[kdj tks vkuan vkrk gS] ogh vkuan ckck Hkkjrh dks viuk ?kksM+k ns[kdj vkrk FkkA Hktu Hkxon~ ls tks le; cprk] og ?kksM+s dks viZ.k gks tkrkA og ?kksM+k cM+k lqUnj Fkk] cM+k cyokuA mlds tksM+ dk ?kksM+k lkjs bykds esa u FkkA ckck Hkkjrh mls ^^lqyrku** dg dj iqdkjrs] vius gkFk ls [kjgjk djrs] [kqn nkuk f[kykrs vkSj ns[k&ns[kdj izlUu gksrs FksA mUgksaus #i;k] eky] vlckc] tehu vkfn viuk lc dqN NksM+ fn;k Fkk] ;gk¡ rd fd mUgsa uxj ds thou ls Hkh ?k``.kk FkhA vc xk¡o ls ckgj ,d NksVs ls eafnj esa jgrs vkSj Hkxoku dk Hktu djrs FksA ^êSa lqyrku ds fcuk ugha jg ldw¡xk**] mUgsa ,slh Hkzkafr lh gks xbZ FkhA os mldh pky ij yV~~Vw FksA dgrs] ^^,sls pyrk gS tSls eksj ?kVk ns[kdj ukp jgk gksA** tc rd la/;k le; lqyrku ij p<+dj vkB&nl ehy dk pDdj u yxk ysrs] mUgsa pSu u vkrkA

[kM+xflag ml bykds dk izfl) Mkdw FkkA yksx mldk uke lqudj dk¡irs FksA gksrs&gksrs lqyrku dh dhfrZ mlds dkuksa rd Hkh igq¡ph A mldk ân; mls ns[kus ds fy, v/khj gks mBkA og ,d fnu nksigj ds le; ckck Hkkjrh ds ikl igq¡pk vkSj ueLdkj djds cSB x;kA ckck Hkkjrh us iwNk] ^^[kM+xflag] D;k gky gS\**

[kM+xflag us flj >qdkdj mÙkj fn;k] ^^vkidh n;k gS**A

^^dgks] b/kj dSls vk x,\ **

^^lqyrku dh pkg [khap ykbZA**

^^fofp= tkuoj gSA ns[kksxs rks izlUu gks tkvksxsA**

^êSaus Hkh cM+h iz’kalk lquh gSA**

^^mldh pky rqEgkjh eu eksg ysxhA**

^^dgrs gSa ns[kus esa Hkh cgqr lqUnj gSA**

^^D;k dgukA tks mls ,d ckj ns[k ysrk gS] mlds ân; ij mldh Nki vafdr gks tkrh gSA**

^^cgqr fnukas ls vfHkyk"kk Fkh] vkt mifLFkr gks ldk gw¡A**

ckck Hkkjrh vkSj [kM+xflag vLrcy esa igq¡psA ckck us ?kksM+k fn[kk;k ?keaM ls] [kM+x flag us ns[kk vk’p;Z lsA mlus lSdM+ksa ?kksM+s ns[ks Fks] ijUrq ,slk ck¡dk ?kksM+k mldh vk¡[kksa ls dHkh u xqtjk FkkA lkspus yxk] HkkX; dh ckr gSA ,slk ?kksM+k [kM+x flag ds ikl gksuk pkfg,A bl lk/kq dks ,slh pht ls D;k ykHk\ dqN nsj rd vk’p;Z ls pqipki [kM+k jgkA blds i’pkr~ mlds ân; esa gypy gksus yxhA ckydksa dh&lh v/khjrk ls cksyk] ^îjUrq ckck th] bldh pky u ns[kh rks D;k\**

nwljs ds eq[k ls lquus ds fy, mudk ân; v/khj gks x;kA ?kksM+s dks [kksydj ckgj x,A ?kksM+k ok;q osx ls mM+us yxkA mldh pky dks ns[kdj [kM+xflag ds ân; ij lk¡Ik yksV x;kA og Mkdw Fkk vkSj tks oLrq mls ilan vk tk, ml ij og viuk vf/kdkj le>rk FkkA mlds ikl ckgqcy Fkk vkSj vkneh HkhA tkrs&tkrs mlus dgk] ^^ckck th] eSa ;g ?kksM+k mlds ikl u jgus nw¡xkA**

ckck Hkkjrh Mj x, A vc mUgsa jkr dks uhan ugha vkrhA lkjh jkr vLrcy dh j[kokyh esa dVus yxhA izfr {k.k [kM+xflag dk Hk; yxk jgrk] ijUrq dbZ ekl chr x, vkSj og u vk;kA ;gk¡ rd dh ckck Hkkjrh dqN vlko/kku lk gks x, vkSj bl Hk; dks LoIu ds Hk; dh ukbZ feF;k le>us yxsA laè;k dk le; FkkA ckck Hkkjrh lqYrku dh ihB ij lokj gksdj ?kweus fudysA

bl le; mudh vk¡[kksa esa ped Fkh]

gkj dh thr

/kjksgj

Jh lqn'kZu

lqizfl) dgkuhdkj



eq[k ij izlUurk A dHkh ?kksM+s ds ’kjhj dks ns[krs] dHkh mlds jax dks vkSj eu esa Qwys u lekrs FksA lglk ,d vksj ls vkokt vkbZ] ^vks ckck] bl daxys dh lqurs tkukA**

vkokt esa d#.kk FkhA ckck us ?kksM+s dks jksd fy;kA ns[kk] ,d vikfgt o``{k dh Nk;k esa iM+k djkg jgk gSA cksys] ^^D;ksa rqEgsa D;k d"V gS\**

vikfgt us gkFk tksM+dj dgk] ^^ckck eSa] nqf[k;kjk gw¡A eq> ij n;k djksA jkekokyk ;gk¡ ls rhu ehy gS] eq>s ogk¡ tkuk gSA ?kksM+s ij p<+k yks] ijekRek Hkyk djsxkA**

^^ogk¡ rqEgkjk dkSu gS \**

nÙk nqxkZ oS| dk uke vkius lquk gksxkA eSa mudk lkSrsyk HkkbZ gw¡A**

ckck Hkkjrh us ?kksM+s ls mrjdj vikfgt dks ?kksM+s ij lokj fd;k vkSj Lo;a mldh yxke idM+dj /khjs&/khjs pyus yxkA lglk mUgsa ,d >Vdk&lk yxk vkSj yxke gkFk ls NwV xbZA muds vk’p;Z dk fBdkuk u jgk] tc mUgksaus ns[kk fd vikfgt ?kksM+s dh ihB ij rudj cSBk gS vkSj ?kksM+s dks nkSM+k, fy, tk jgk gSA muds eq[k ls Hk;] foLe; vkSj fujk’kk ls feyh gqbZ ph[k fudy xbZA og vikfgt Mkdw [kM+x flag gh FkkA ckck Hkkjrh dqN nsj rd pqi jgs vkSj dqN le; i’pkr~ dqN fu’p; djds iwjs cy ls fpYykdj cksys] ^^tjk Bgj tkvksA**

[kM+xflag us ;g vkokt lqudj ?kksM+k jksd fy;k vkSj mldh xjnu ij I;kj ls gkFk Qsjrs gq, dgk] ^^ckckth ;g ?kksM+k vc u nw¡xkA**

^^ijUrq ,d ckr lqurs tkvks** [kM+x flag Bgj x;kA

ckck Hkkjrh us fudV tkdj mldh vksj ,slh vk¡[kksa ls ns[kk tSls cdjk dlkbZ dh vksj ns[krk gS vkSj dgk] ^^;g ?kksM+k rqEgkjk gks pqdk gSA eSa rqels bls okil djus ds fy, ugha dg¡wxkA ijUrq [kM+x flag] dsoy ,d izkFkZuk djrk gw¡ bls vLohdkj u djuk] ugha rks esjk fny VwV tk,xkA**

^^ckck th vkKk dhft,A eSa vkidk nkl gw¡A dsoy ?kksM+k u nw¡xkA**

^^vc ?kksM+s dk uke u yksA eS rqels bl fo"k; esa dqN u dgw¡xkA esjh izkFkZuk dsoy ;gh gS fd bl ?kVuk dks fdlh ds lkeus izdV u djukA**

[kM+x flag dk e¡qg vk’p;Z ls [kqyk jg x;kA mldk fopkj Fkk fd mls ?kksM+s dks ysdj ;gk¡ ls Hkkxuk IkM+sxkA ijUrq ckck Hkkjrh

us Lo;a mls dgk fd bl ?kVuk dks fdlh ds lkeus izdV u djukA blls D;k izk;kstu fl) gks ldrk gS\ [kM+x flag us cgqr lkspk] cgqr flj ekjk] ijUrq dqN le> u ldkA gkjdj mlus viuh vk¡[ksa ckck Hkkjrh ds eq[k ij xM+k nh vkSj iwNk]

^^ckckth blesa vkidks D;k Mj gS\**

lqudj ckck Hkkjrh us mÙkj fn;k] ^^yksxksa dks ;fn bl ?kVuk dk irk pyk rks os nhu&nqf[k;ksa ij fo’okl u djsaxsA** ;g dgrs mUgksaus lqyrku dh vksj bl rjg e¡qg eksM+ fy;k tSls mudk mlls dksbZ laca/k gh ugha jgk gksA ckck Hkkjrh pys x,A ijUrq muds ’kCn [kM+xflag ds dkuksa esa mlh izdkj xwat jgs FksA lksprk Fkk] dSls Å¡ps fopkj gSa] dSlk ifo= Hkko gSA mUgsa bl ?kksM+s ls izse Fkk] bls ns[kdj mudk eq[k Qwy dh ukbZ f[ky tkrk FkkA dgrs Fks] ^blds fcuk eSa jg u ldw¡xk*A bldh j[kokyh esa os dbZ jkr lks, ughaA Hktu] HkfDr u dj j[kokyh djrs jgsA ijUrq vkt muds eq[k ij nq[k dh js[kk rd fn[kkbZ u iM+rh FkhA mUgsa dsoy ;g [k;ky Fkk fd dgha yksx nhu&nqf[k;ksa ij fo’okl djuk u NksM+ nsaA ,slk euq";] euq"; ugha nsork gSA

jkf= ds va/kdkj esa [kM+xflag ckck Hkkjrh ds eafnj igq¡pkA pkjks vksj lUukVk FkkA vkdk’k esa rkjs fVefVek jgs FksA FkksM+h nwj ij xk¡oksa ds dqÙks Hkksad jgs FksA eafnj ds vanj dksbZ ’kCn lqukbZ u nsrk FkkA [kM+xflag lqYrku dh ckx idM+s gq, FkkA og /khjs&/khjs vLrcy ds QkVd ij igq¡pkA QkVd [kqyk iM+k FkkA fdlh le; ogk¡ ckck Hkkjrh Lo;a ykBh ysdj igjk nsrs Fks] ijUrq vkt mUgsa fdlh pksjh] fdlh Mkds ds Hk; u FkkA [kM+x flag us vkxs c<+dj lqyrku dks mlds LFkku ij ck¡/k fn;k vkSj ckgj fudydj lko/kkuh ls QkVd can dj fn;kA bl le; mldh vk¡[kksa esa usdh ds vk¡lw FksA N.P. jkf= dk rhljk igj chr pqdk FkkA pkSFkk igj vkjEHk gksrs gh ckck Hkkjrh us viuh dqfV;k ls ckgj fudy Ba<s ty ls Luku fd;kA mlds i’pkr~] bl izdkj tSls dksbZ LoIu esa py jgk gks] mlds ik¡o vLrcy dh vksj c<+sA ijUrq QkVd ij igq¡pdj mudks viuh Hkwy izrhr gqbZA lkFk gh ?kksj fujk’kk us ik¡o dks eu&eu Hkj dk Hkkjh cuk fn;kA os ogha #d x,A ?kksM+s us vius Lokeh ds ik¡oksa dh pki dks igpku fy;k vkSj tksj ls fgufguk;kA vc ckck Hkkjrh vk’p;Z vkSj izlUurk ls nkSM+rs gq, vanj ?kqls vkSj vius I;kjs ?kksM+s ds xys ls fyiVdj bl izdkj jksus yxs ekuks dksbZ firk cgqr fnu ls fcNqM+s gq, iq= ls fey jgk gksA ckj&ckj mldh ihB ij gkFk Qsjrs] ckj&ckj mlds eq¡g ij Fkifd;k¡ nsrsA fQj os larks"k ls cksys] ^^vc dksbZ nhu&nqf[k;ksa ls eq¡g u eksM+sxkA **



nh?kZdky ds ckn bl fo"k; dks loksZPp U;k;ky; esa fy;k x;kA Qjojh 2019 esa loksZPp U;k;ky; us lq>ko fn;k fd lHkh i{k vkilh okrkZ dj fookn dk lek/kku fudkysaA ekpZ 2019 dks loksZPp U;k;ky; us rhu lnL;h; lfefr dh ?kks"k.kk dhA 1 +loksZPp U;k;ky; ds lsokfuo``Ùk U;k;ewfrZ bczkfge dfYyQqYyk] 2 +enzkl mPp U;k;ky; ds ofj"B vf/koDrk Jh Jhjke iapw] 3 +vkVZ vkWQ fyfoax ds Jh Jhjfo'kadj th( 13 ekpZ 2019 ls 1 vxLr 2019 rd lkr pØ dh okrkZ gqbZA 2 vxLr dks ek +loksZPPk U;k;ky; us 6 vxLr ls fu;fer lquokbZ ds vkns'k fn,A bl lquokbZ esa Jh ijk'kju th rFkk Jh fo|ukFku~ th lfgr vU; vf/koDrkvksa dh fgUnw i{k dks fot;h cukus esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jghA Lo +Jh v'kksd th fla?ky lfgr vufxur lar egkRek rFkk vusd dk;ZdrkZvksa dh bPNk iw.kZrk dh vksj tkrh fn[khA

loksZPp U;k;ky; dk ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ;

6 vxLr ls 16 vDVwcj rd 40 fnu izfrfnu lquokbZ djrs gq, loksZPp U;k;ky; ds ik¡p U;k;k/kh'kksa ds lafo/kku ihB us 9 uoEcj 2019 dks vius ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ; dh ?kks"k.kk dhA eq[; U;k;k/kh'k Jh jatu xksxbZ ds fu.kZ; ds dqN fcanq &

1½ fueksZgh v[kkM+k Jhjke foxzg ds lsok;r ugha] Jhjke yyk fojkteku dh vksj nk;j okn le; lhek ds vanj vkrk gSA Hkxoku Jhjke dks vius vfHkUUk fe= ds ekè;e ls nkok nk;j djus dk iw.kZ vf/kdkj gSA blfy, Jhjke yyk fojkteku dk eqdnek Lohdk;Z gSA

2½ lHkh ls ;gha ladsr nsrs gS fd fgUnqvksa dh vkLFkk rFkk fo'okl lnSo cuk jgk gS fd xHkZx``g gh Hkxoku~ jke dk tUe LFkku gSA

3½ rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij Kkr gksrk gS fd Hkwfe ds uhps izkIr gqvk eafnj dk vo'ks"k 12 oha 'krkCnh dk gSaA

4½ mR[kuu ls izkIr rF;ksa ls ;g Li"V gS fd Hkwfe ds uhps tks izkIr gqvk gS og yxHkx 2200 o"kksaZ ls Hkh izkphu gSA

5½ Jhjke tUe Hkwfe ij eafnj dk fuekZ.k VªLV xBu dj fd;k tk,xkA

loksZPp U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ls Jh jketUe Hkwfe fgUnw lekt dks izkIr gqbZA loksZPPk U;k;ky; ds vkns'k ls gh dsUnz ljdkj us Jhjke tUeHkwfe rhFkZ {ks= U;kl dk xBu Qjojh 2020 esa fd;k x;kA ftlds vè;{k iw +egar Jh u``R;xksiky nkl th] dks"kkè;{k iw +Jh xksfoUn nso th rFkk egkea=h Jh pair jk; th gSaA dsUnz ljdkj us loksZPPk U;k;ky; ds vkns'k ls Jhjke tUeHkwfe dh 3.3 ,dM+ dh Hkwfe U;kl dks eafnj fuekZ.k ds fy, lkSai nh o lkFk gh Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vf/kxzfgr 67 ,dM+ Hkwfe Hkh U;kl dks lkSaihA

lekftd lejlrk dk vuqie dsUnz &Jhjke tUeHkwfe eafnj v;ks/;k

Jhjke tUeHkwfe eafnj ds fuekZ.k ds fy, Hkwfe iwtu rFkk dk;ZØe dk eqgwrZ Hkknzin d``".k 2] ;qxkCn 5122 fn +5 vxLr 2020 dks fuf'pr gqvkA e;kZnk iq#"kksÙke jke us lkekftd lejlrk vkSj l'kfDrdj.k dk lans'k Lo;a ds thou ls fn;k gSA Hkxoku~ Jhjke }kjk vgY;k m)kj] 'kcjh vkSj fu"kknjkt ls izse vkSj fe=rk ] lkekftd lejljrk ds vuqie mnkgj.k gSaA muds eafnj ds Hkwfeiwtu esa iz;qDr gksus okys ns'k Hkj ds gtkjksa ifo= ufn;ksa dk ty o ikou rhFkksZa dh jt] lEiw.kZ Hkkjr dks] ,dkdkj dj jk"Vªh; ,dkRerk dk n'kZu djkrs gSaA

dk;ZØe ds fufeÙk dk;Z

gtkjksa ifo= rhFkZ {ks=ksa dh ikou feV~Vh

Jh jke tUe Hkwfe % v;ksè;k

jk"Vªh; xkSjo

Jh fefyUn ijk.Ms] egkea=h

fo'o fgUnw ifj"kn~] jked``".kiqje~

lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ]

fpard o fopkjd




,oa ifo= ufn;ksa dk ty] vkuan o g"kksZYykl ds okrkoj.k esa Jhjke tUeHkwfe iwtu gsrq ns'kHkj ls Hkstk x;kA ckr pkgs dk'ehj fLFkr 'kkjnk ihB dh gks ;k ekuljksoj ds ifo= ty dh] jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k mn~xe LFky ukxiqj ds izFke 'kk[kk ds LFkku dh gks ;k lar jfonkl th ds dk'kh fLFkr tUeLFkyh dh] lhrke<+h ds egf"kZ okYehfd vkJe dh gks ;k fonHkZ ds xksafn;k ftykUrZxr xksaM lekt ds ifo= rhFkZ dpkjx<+ dh] >kj[kaM ds jkejs[kk /kke dh gks ;k eè; izns'k ds VaV~;k Hkhy dh iq.; Hkwfe dh] Jh gjeafnj lkfgc ve``rlj iatkc dh ;k MkW +Hkhejko vEcsndj dh tUeHkwfe egw dh] gqcyh ds fyaxk;r lekt ds izfl) ewj lkosj eB dh ifo= feV~Vh gks] fnYyh ds fnxEcjyky tSu eafnj dh gks ;k ml okfYehfd eafnj dh tgk¡ egkRek xka/kh 72 fnu jgs FksA Jhjke eafnj fuekZ.k ds 'kqHkkjEHk dk volj ;g lEiw.kZ ns'k ds fy, ;g ,dkRerk dk vuqie mnkgj.k jgkA

Hkknzin d``".k 2 foØeh laor~ 2077 cq/kokj dks ifo= vfHkthr eqgwrZ esa fnukad 5 vxLr 2020 dks iwT; lar egar Jh u``R;xksiky nkl th egkjkt] vè;{k ¼Jhjke tUeHkwfe rhFkZ {ks= U;kl½ Jh eksgu th Hkkxor] ljla?kpkyd ¼jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k½ Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h Jh nkeksnj nkl ujsUnz HkkbZ eksnh] Jh ;ksxh vkfnR;ukFk th] eq[;ea=h mÙkj izns'k] Jherh vkUkUnhcsu iVsy] mÙkj izns'k ds jkT;iky lesr 36 lEiznk;ksa ds 140 iwT; larksa ds lkFk vU; txg ds fo}ku iqjksfgrksa ds ekxZn'kZu eas ,sfrgkfld Hkwfe iwtu dk dk;ZØe lEiUu gqvkA

bl ikou volj cksyrs gq, ijeiwT; ljla?kpkyd th us dgk fd ^^lfn;kas dh vkl iwjh gksus dk vkuUn gSA ysfdu lcls cM+k vkuUn gS] Hkkjr dks vkRe fuHkZj cuus ds fy, ftl mRlkg vkSj vkRefo'okl dh vko';drk Fkh] ftl vius vkReHkku dh vko';drk Fkh] mldk lxq.k&lkdkj vf/k"Bku cuus dk 'kqHkkjEHk vkt gks jgk gSA**

iz/kkuea=h Jh eksnh th us dgk ^^jke eafnj ds fy, dbZ&dbZ lfn;ksa rd] dbZ&dbZ ihf<+;ksa us v[kaM] vfojy] ,dfu"B iz;kl fd;k gSA vkt dk ;s fnu mlh ri] R;kx vkSj ladYi dk izrhd gSA**

5 vxLr ¼Hkknzin d``".k f}rh;k½ dks iwT; larksa ds] fo'o fgUnw ifj"kn~ ds vkokgu ij ns'kHkj esa gh ugha] vfirq rks lEiw.kZ fo'o ds lHkh jkeHkDrksa us vius&vius ?kjksa] izfr"Bkuksa] eB&eafnjksa] vkJeksa bR;kfn LFkkuksa ij gh ;FkklEHko lkewfgd :i ls vius&vius vkjkè; nso dk Hktu] iwtu dhrZu Lej.k fd;k] iw"Ik lefiZr fd;k ,oa vkjrh fd;k rFkk izlkn ck¡VkA ?kjksa] eqgYyksa] xzkeksa] cktkjksa] eB&eafnjksa] xq#}kjksa] vkJeksa bR;kfn eas ;FkklEHko lktlTTkk dj nhi tyk, x;sA eafnj fuekZ.k ds fy, ;Fkk'kfDr nku dk ladYi fy;k x;kA izpkj ds lHkh lk/kuksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, lekt ds vf/kdkf/kd yksxksa rd v;ksè;k ds bl dk;ZØe dks lekt dks ykbo fn[kkus dh ;Fkk;ksX; O;oLFkk gqbZA ,slk vuqeku gS fd ykbo dk;ZØe dks 16 djksM+ ls vf/kd yksxksa us nwjn'kZu o vU; fofHkUu futh pSuyksa ds ek/;e ls bl dk;ZØe dks ns[kkA lHkh ;kstukvksa o dk;ZØeksa esa dksjksuk ls j{kk ds lHkh lk/ku viuk;s x;s rFkk bl lEcU/k esa vk, ljdkjh o iz'kklfud fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dk ikyu gqvkA

lEiw.kZ fo'o ds vusd ns'kksa esa g"kksZYykl ls ;g dk;ZØe euk;k x;kA FkkbZySaM esa dkO; lEesyu] rFkk nhiksRlo esa lSadM+ksa yksxksa us ,df=r gksdj bl dk;ZØe dks cSadkd esa euk;kA vesfjdk ds okWf'kxVu rFkk U;w;kdZ ds izfl) VkbeLDok;j esa Jhjke tUeHkwfe ds fp= lfgr HkO; izn'kZu o nhiksRlo gqvkA usiky esa 300 ls vf/kd xkaoksa esa ?kj&?kj o eafnjksa eas nhiksRlo euk;k x;kA

vxys <kbZ ls rhu o"kksZa esa Hkxoku Jhjke vius xHkZx`g esa fojkteku gksaxs] ;fn Jhjke tUeHkwfe rhFkZ {ks= U;kl /kulaxzg dk vkokgu vxys fudV Hkfo"; esa djrk gS rks fofgi iw.kZ 'kfDr ds lkFk mlesa yxsxkA 1989 eas Jhjke f'kyk iwtu ds le; esa ftu xkaoksa esa tkuk gqvk] rFkk ftrus yksxksa ls lEidZ gqvk] mlls vf/kd xkaoksa o jkeHkDrksa rd igq¡pus dk ladYi cu jgk gSA

jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku] ,dkRerk] vkLFkk rFkk HkfDr ds iqjks/kk e;kZnk iq#"kksÙke Hkxoku jke rFkk Jhjke tUeHkwfe ds eafnj ds bl vkUnksyu ds fufeÙk lEiw.kZ fgUnw lekt dks tkx`r] ltx vkSj vkRefo'okl ls vksrizksr dj fn;kA

^^lfn;kas dh vkl iwjh gksus dk vkuUn gSA ysfdu lcls cM+k vkuUn gS] Hkkjr dks vkRe fuHkZj cuus ds fy, ftl mRlkg vkSj vkRefo'okl dh vko';drk Fkh] ftl vius vkReHkku dh vko';drk Fkh] mldk lxq.k&lkdkj vf/k"Bku cuus dk 'kqHkkjEHk vkt gks jgk gSA**

lEiw.kZ fo'o ds vusd ns'kksa esa g"kksZYykl ls ;g dk;ZØe euk;k x;kA FkkbZySaM esa dkO; lEesyu] rFkk nhiksRlo esa lSadM+ksa yksxksa us ,df=r gksdj bl dk;ZØe dks cSadkd esa euk;kA vesfjdk ds okWf'kxVu rFkk U;w;kdZ ds izfl) VkbeLDok;j esa Jhjke tUeHkwfe ds fp= lfgr HkO; izn'kZu o nhiksRlo gqvkA



fnukad 9 uoEcj 2019 dks loksZPPk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ls eafnj fuekZ.k dk ekxZ iz'kLr gqvkA Jhjke tUeHkwfe dh eqfDr ds fy, 1528 ls gh la?k"kZ gksrs jgs] 76 ckj ;q)ksa ds ckn Hkh xHkZ x``g dks dHkh Hkh efLt+n ds :Ik eas iz;ksx djus dh vuqefr ugh nh xbZ o jkeyyk dh iwtk dHkh Hkh can ugha gqbZA 1984 ls fo'o fgUnw ifj"kn~ }kjk O;kid tu vkUnksyu pyk, tkus ds dkj.k gh lR; dh fot; gqbZA Jh jke tUeHkwfe ij eafnj fuekZ.k dk;Z dk 'kqHkkjEHk fnukad 5 vxLr 2020 dks Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h Jh ujsUnz nkeksnj nkl eksnh vkSj jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k ds ljla?kpkyd MkW +eksgu jko Hkkxor ds }kjk lSdM+ksa iwT; larksa dh mifLFkfr esa Hkwfe iwtu dj fd;k x;kA Jhjke tUeHkwfe dk f'kykU;kl fnukad 9 uoEcj 1989 esa gh gks pqdk gSA

vkUnksyu dh Lej.kh; frfFk;k¡ gSa &

& 1528 esa ckcj ds lsukifr ehjckdh }kjk eafnj dks èoLr dj mlds vo'ks"kksa ij <k¡pk [kM+k fd;k x;kA 1526 ls 1530 rd pkj ckj geys fd, x,A vusd fgUnw jktkvksa vkSj larksa us eqdkcyk fd;k blesa jktk esgrkc flag] iafMr nsohnhu ikaMs] jktk j.kfot; flag vkSj egkjkuh t;dqekjh izeq[k FkhaA

& 1530 ls 1556: gqeka;w ds le; 10 ckj] 1556 ls 1605 vdcj ds dky esa 20 ;q)] 1658 ls 1707 vkSjaxtsc dky esa 30 ckj ;q) gq,A n'kes'k xq# xksfoUn flag] ckck oS".ko nkl] dqaoj xksiky flag Bkdqj] txnEck flag us bldk MVdj eqdkcyk fd;kA

& 1798 ls ysdj 1814 bZ +rd vo/k ds

uokc lgknr vyh us 5 ckj vkØe.k fd;k] vesBh ds jktk xq#nÙk flag us eqdkcyk dj ;q) fd;kA

& 1814 ls 1937 rd ulh:n~~nhu gSnj] 1847 ls 1857 ds eè; uokc okftn vyh'kkg us vkØe.k fd;kA

& 1857 esa izFke Lora=rk laxzke ds ckn fgUnw eqfLye ,drk ds vk/kkj ij eqlyekuksa us Jhjke tUeHkwfe dk LFkku fgUnqvksa dks lkSai fn;k ijUrq le>kSrk ds izeq[k vehj vyh vkSj ckck jkepj.k nkl dks v¡xzstksa us Qkalh ns nhA

& 1912 ls 1934 rd vaxzstksa ds fo:) turk us lk/kq lekt ds usr``Ro esa Jhjke tUeHkwfe ij vf/kdkj dj fy;kA vaxzstksa us eqlyekuksa dks <kaps ds vanj o fgUnqvksa dks ckgj pcwrjs ij iwtk dh vuqefr nhA ijUrq xzHkZx``g esa uekt+ ugha i<+h xbZA

& 23 fnlEcj 1949 dks Hkxoku jke dk foxzg fookfnr <kaps ds eè; fgLls esa izdV gqvkA eqlyekuksa us vkjksi yxk;k fd fdlh us pqipki jkr dks j[k nh] mÙkj izns'k ljdkj us foxzg dks gVkus dk vkns'k fn;k ijUrq rRdkyhu ftyk eftLVªsV ds +ds +ukxj us fgUnw Hkkoukvksa dks HkM+dus ds Mj ls vkns'k iw.kZ djus es vleFkZrk izdV dh vkSj fookfnr ekudj rkyk yxok fn;kA

& 1950 esa flfoy dksVZ esa izkFkZuk i= fn;k x;k fd jkeyyk dh iwtk dh vuqefr nh tk,A dsoy iqtkjh dks iwtk djus dh vuqefr fookfnr <kaps ds vUnj nh xbZA vU; fdlh dks izos'k dh vuqefr ughas

Jh jke tUeHkwfe vkUnksyu% ,d n`f"V

fogaxkoyksdu

Jh eukst oekZ

{ks=h; laxBu ea=h]

if'peh mÙkj izns'k]

fo'o fgUnw ifj"kn~

lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ




feyhA

& 1961 esa lqUuh oDQ cksMZ U;k;ky; esa x;k vkSj fookfnr <kaps ls foxzg dks gVkus rFkk <kaps ij iwtk dk vf/kdkj nsus dh ek¡x dhA

& 7 vkSj 8 vizSy 1984 dks ubZ fnYYkh ds foKku Hkou esa /keZ laln dk vk;kstu gqvkA lHkh larksa us ,der ls Jhjke tUeHkwfe dks eqDr djkus dk ladYi fy;k o tu&tkxj.k gsrq Jhjketkudh jFk ;k=k ns'k esa ?kwekus dk fu.kZ; gqvkA

& 8 vDVwcj 1984 dks v;ksè;k esa lj;w ds rV ij yk[kksa larksa vkSj jkeHkDrksa us ladYi fy;k vkSj Jhjketkudh jFk ;k=k vkxs c<+ xbZA

& 31 vDVwcj 1985 mMwih] dukZVd esa f}rh; /keZlaln esa Hkkoh vkUnksyu dh j.kuhfr cuhA

& 1 Qjojh 1986 dks QStkckn U;k;ky; }kjk xHkZx`g dk rkyk [kksyus dk vkns'k gqvk vkSj fgUnqvksa dks jkeyyk ds n'kZu vkSj iwtk dk vf/kdkj fey x;kA

& 1 Qjojh 1989 esa iz;kxjkt dqEHk esa r``rh; /keZlalnA xk¡o&xk¡o tkdj Jhjkef'kyk iwtu dk dk;ZØe djus vkSj 9 uoEcj 1989 dks iwT; larksa vkSj yk[kksa jkeHkDrksa dh mifLFkfr esa eafnj ds flag}kj ij f'kykU;kl dk dk;ZØe lEiUu gqvkA Jh dkes'oj ikloku tks fcgkj ,d fIkNM+s oxZ ds dk;ZdrkZ gSa muds }kjk lEiUu gqvkA lEiw.kZ ns'k esa v;ksè;k dh vksj eq[k dj iq"ikatyh nh xbZA

& 9 Qjojh 1990 dks eafnj dh lokZf/kdkj lfefr us ns'k ds rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h fo'oukFk izrki falag ds vuqjks/k dks Lohdkj dj okrkZ dh lgefr nhA 4 ekg dk le; fuf'pr gqvkA ijUrq okrkZ foQy jghA

& 1 flrEcj 1990 dks vj.kh eaFku ds }kjk mRIkUu vfXu ls izTTofyr T;ksfr dks Jhjke T;ksfr ds :Ik esa ns'kHkj esa tutkxj.k gsrq] iwtu i'pkr~ eafnjksa esa LFkkfir dj fu;fer ladhrZu dk izkjEHk gqvkA

& 30 vDVwcj 1990 dks larksa ds vkokgu ij lHkh izfrca/kksa dks rksM+dj dkjlsok ds fy, dkjlsod v;ksè;k esa igq¡ps rFkk <kaps ij èotk yxkdj lsok dk ladYi iw.kZ fd;kA

& 2 uoEcj 1990 dks fugRFks dkjlsodksa dks xksfy;ksa ls Hkwuk

x;k] ykfB;k¡ cjlkbZa xbZa] lSdM+ksa dkjlsodksa dk cfynku gqvkA iwjs ns'k esa lR;kxzg vkjEHk gqvkA ns'kHkj esa yk[kksa dkjlsodksa dks tsy esa Mky fn;k x;kA

& 4 vizSy 1991 dks fnYyh ds cksV Dyc ij yk[kksa fgUnqvksa dh mifLFkfr larksa dh flag xtZuk eas gqvkA 6 fnlEcj 1992 xhrk t;arh ij iqu% dkjlsok dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA

& 6 fnlEcj 1992 dks fgUnqvksa ds vkØks'k ls <k¡pk èoLr gqvkA

& 30 fnlEcj 2010 m +iz + ds mPp U;k;ky; ds ekuuh; U;k;k/kh'kksa dh ihB us vius fu.kZ; esa jkeyyk dks xzHkx`g esa ekU;rk nhA jkeyyk fojkteku] lqUuh oDQ cksMZ vkSj fueksZgh v[kkM+k ds chp 3 cjkcj fgLlksa esa Hkwfe dks ck¡Vus dk vkns'kA

& loksZPp U;k;ky; ds }kjk mPp U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ij jksd yxhA

& 8 ekpZ 2019 dks eè;LFkrk ls gy djus dk iz;klA loksZPPk U;k;ky; }kjk xfBr lfefr dks Ekè;LFkrk gsrq rhuksa i{kdkjksa ls okrkZ djus dk igyA okrkZ foQyA

& 2 vxLr 2019 dks eè;LFkrk djus esa foQy gksus dh tkudkjh loksZPp U;k;ky; dks ns nh xbZA

& 6 vxLr 2019 ls 16 vDVwcj 2019 rd izfrfnu loksZPPk U;k;ky; }kjk lquokbZ] rr~ i'pkr~ fu.kZ; lqjf{kr dj fn;k x;kA

& 9 uoEcj 2019 dks lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;k/kh'kksa ds ihB }kjk jketUe Hkwfe ls lEcfU/kr fu.kZ; dks ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k fd lEiw.kZ Hkwfe jkeyyk fojkteku dh gSA vr% lEiw.kZ Hkwfe jkeyyk fojkteku dks lkSaih xbZA efLt+n ds fy, 5 ,dM+ Hkwfe eqfLye i{k dks nsus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k tks v;ksè;k ftyk esa gh gksA

& 28 o"kZ ckn Hkxoku jkeyyk fojkteku VsaV ls fudydj vLFkk;h eafnj esa fojkteku gSaA lHkh HkDrksa dks n'kZu djus dk lkSHkkX; fey jgk gSA

& 5 vxLr 2020 dks Hkwfe iwtu ds lkFk fuekZ.k dk;Z Hkh rstxfr ls vkjEHk gks x;k gSA ge 'kh?kz gh HkO; eafnj esa Hkxoku dk n'kZu djsaxsA Hkkjrh; tu ds LokfHkeku dk ;g vkUnksyu lEiw.kZ fo'o esa lcLks cM+s tukUnksyu ds :Ik esa bfrgkl esa Lo.kkZ{kj esa vafdr gks x;k gSA



lEiw.kZ fo'o bl le; dksjksuk egkekjh ls tw> jgk gSA ;g ladV vn~~Hkqr vkSj fodV gS rFkk vn``'; gSA 'k=q gks ;k ladV gks tc lkeus gksrk gS rks la?k"kZ djuk ljy gksrk gS ijUrq tc vn``'; gks rks la?k"kZ djus esa dfBukbZ vkrh gSA blfy, gekjh ih<+h ds fy, o Hkkoh ih<+h ds fy, ;g ,d fHkUu izdkj dk vuqHko gSA

blh izdkj ;g dksjksukdky vfuf'prrk dk dky gSA O;fDr r; dqN djrk gS fdUrq mls iwjk ugha dj ikrk gSA izfrfnu ubZ&ubZ fu;ekofy;k¡ vkrh gSa] ubZ O;oLFkk,¡ [kM+h gksrh gSa vkSj iqjkuh O;oLFkk,¡ cUn gks tkrh gSaA blfy, lc izdkj ls fparu dj cukbZ xbZ ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u esa Hkh vusd leL;k,¡ Vid iM+rh gSaA vr% lekt esa vkt ,d vfuf'prrk dk okrkoj.k cuk gqvk gSA

dksjksukdky dh foo'krk,¡

bl ladV dky esa rkykcUnh ¼ykWdMkmu½ ds dkj.k ?kj ls ckgj fudyuk cUn gks x;k] vR;ko';d dk;Z ls ckgj tkuk Hkh iM+kA bl vof/k esa vusd nq%[kn ?kVuk,¡ gqbZaA vius fudV ds fj'rsnkj dh e``R;q dk lekpkj ikdj Hkh ge mudh vUR;sf"V laLdkj esa ugha tk ik,A ,slk nq%[kn volj dnkfpr gh fdlh ds thou esa vk;k gksxkA ;g dVq vuqHko thou Hkj gekjh Le``fr esa vfeV jgsxkA

bl ladV esa gesa viuh ijEijk ls gVdj O;ogkj djus dks ckè; gksuk iM+k gSA gekjs lkekftd thou esa fey&tqy dj jguk] pkSikyksa esa LFkkuh; ls ysdj ns'k&nqfu;k dh ppk,¡ djuk vR;ar lgt deZ gSA fdUrq dksjksuk dky esa lkekftd nwjh j[kus ds fu;e ds dkj.k ;g lEHko ugha gks ik;kA lkekftd nwjh gekjs ;gk¡ O;ogkfjd ugha gS] blfy, ubZ 'kCnkoyh eas ;g HkkSfrd nwjh dgh tkus yxh vkSj nks xt dh nwjh j[kus dk fu;e cuk A

Hkkjr esa ;g nwjh Lohdk;Z ugha fdUrq vkt gesa u pkgrs gq, Hkh nks xt dh nwjh dk ikyu djuk iM+ jgk gSA

fo"k; dsoy dfBukbZ;kas dk ugha gS] mlls Hkh vf/kd fpUrk dk gSA gekjs lHkh J)k ds dsUnz cUn gks x;sA izfrfnu eafnj tkdj vius b"V nso dk n'kZu djuk cUn gks x;kA ge bl vof/k esa mRlkg iwoZd vius ioZ dks lkewfgd :Ik ls ugha euk ik;s] rhFkZ ;k=k ij ugha tk ik;sA vFkkZr~ bl dky esa gekjh ijEijk;sa [kafMr gks xbZZa fdUrq ge dqN ugha dj ik;s] cl ewd n'kZd cu dj ?kj esa cSBs jgus dks foo'k gSaA

Hkkjrh; thou'kSyh j{kd cuh

ge bl Hkh"k.k egkekjh ls vc rd cps gq, gSa] dksjksuk ds pisV esa ugha vk, gSaA gekjs gh ca/kq tks viuh ykijokgh ds dkj.k pisV esa vk, Fks] os Hkh vc LoLFk gksdj dksjksuk ls Mj x, gSaA dqN yksx dky ds xzkl Hkh cus gSa fdUrq mudh la[;k vU; ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa de gS vFkkZr~ gekjs ns'k esa e``R;q nj de gS vkSj LoLFk gksus okyksa dh la[;k o nj vf/kd gSA Hkkjr esa ,slk D;ksa gS\ bl fcUnq ij ge fopkj djrs gSa rks è;ku esa vkrk gS fd Hkkjr ds O;fDr dh tks thou'kSyh gS] og iw.kZ:Ik ls oSKkfud gS rFkk mldk vk/kkj vkè;kfRed gSA blh thou'kSyh us gesa cpk;k gSA bl le; ;g thou'kSyh gh gekjh j{kd cuh gSA

viuh thou'kSyh dh fo'ks"krk,¡

;g thou 'kSyh gekjh j{kd dSls cuh\ bldk mÙkj [kkstus ij è;ku esa vkrk gS fd izR;sd O;fDr viuh thou'kSyh ds vuqlkj O;gkj djrk gSA tSlh thou'kSyh oSlk O;ogkjA gekjh thou'kSyh dh ,slh vusd fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa] ftuds dkj.k ge cps gq, gSaA dksjksuk ds lUnHkZ esa bldh dqN fo'ks"krk,¡ v/kksfyf[kr gSa %&

dksjksuk vkSj Hkkjrh; thou'kSyh

thou&O;ogkj

oklqnso iztkifr

lg lfpo]

fo|k Hkkjrh laLd`fr

f'k{kk laLFkku] dq#{ks=

lnL; laiknd eaMy]





1 + thou esa 'kq)rk ,oa 'kqfprk &

thou esa 'kqfprk ;g gekjs O;ogkj dk izeq[k lw= gSA tc ge ckgj ls ?kj esa vkrs gSa rc lcls igys vius twrs njokts ds ckgj mrkjrs gSaA gkFk&iSj o eq¡g /kksrs gSa] oL= cnyrs gSaA mlds ckn gh fdlh pht dks Nwrs gSaA ge dsoy tqEes ds tqEes ugha ugkrs vFkok dsoy isij usifdu ls dke ugha pykrs vfirq izfrfnu ugkrs gSaA lnSo 'kkSp ds ckn eatu vkfn] izkr% dqN [kkus ls iwoZ gh dj ysrs gSaA fcuk gkFk /kks, dHkh [kkuk&ihuk ugha djrsA Luku djus ds ckn izfrfnu iwtk&ikB djrs gSaA bu lHkh fØ;k&dykiksa ds dkj.k gekjh vUrj&cká 'kqfprk lnSo cuh jgrh gSA bl 'kqfprk us gh gesa dksjksuk tSls fo"kk.kq ls cpk;k gSA vk/kqfud thou'kSyh esa ;g lc u gksus ds dkj.k] dksjksuk vf/kd izHkkoh gqvkA

rktk ,oa lkfRod Hkkstu

vkt egkuxjksa esa vk/kqfud thou'kSyh viukus okyksa dks NksM+ fn;k tk, rks Hkkjrh; ?kjksa izfrfnu rktk o lkfRod Hkkstu curk gSA ^;kr;ke~* vFkkZr~ cuk gqvk Hkkstu ,d jkf= iqjkuk gS] og cklh gS vkSj cklh Hkkstu djuk oftZr gSA Hkkstu ds lEcU/k esa gekjs ;gk¡ nks&rhu ekU;rk,¡ vkSj Hkh gSa] ^^tSlk [kk, vUu oSlk cus eu**rFkk ^ekr``gLrsu Hkkstua*A Hkkstu cukus okys dh eufLFkfr dk izHkko Hkkstu djus okys ij iM+rk gSA blfy, fdlh vutku O;fDr ds gkFk cuk Hkkstu ugha djuk] gksVyksa dk Hkkstu ugha djuk] cktk: cklh Hkkstu ;Fkk fiTTkk&cxZj vkfn ugha [kkuk pkfg,A bu lHkh fu"ks/kksa dk ikyu djus okyk rFkk fuR; rktk&'kq) o lkfRod Hkkstu djus okyk O;fDr dksjksuk gh ugha cfYd vusd fo"kk.kqvksa ls cpk jgrk gSA

gekjh jlksbZ esa ?kjsyw mipkj ds lk/ku

gekjs ;gk¡ vk;qosZn dh fpfdRlk i)fr vkjEHk ls gh pyh vk jgh gSA ,yksiSFkh rks ek= nks lkS o"kZ iwoZ vaxzsth dky ls pyh vk jgh gSA nksuksa i)fr;ksa es ewyHkwr vUrj gSA tgk¡ ,yksIkSFkh dsoy jksx dks feVkrh gS] ogha vk;qosZn O;fDr ds 'kjhj dks LoLFk o fujksxh cukrs gq, mldh vk;q esa o``f) djrk gSA vk;qosZn Hkkjrh; thou esa jpk&clk gSA gekjh jlksbZ vk;qosZn dk izkFkfed vkS"k/kky; gSA Hkkjrh; jlksbZ esa ftrus Hkh elkys gSa tSls gYnh] /kfu;k] fephZ] jkbZ] esFkh] vtok;u] dkyhfepZ] ykSax] byk;ph] nkyphuh] rstiÙkk] tk;Qy&tkfo=h vkfnA lc ds lc vkS"k/kh; xq.kksa ls Hkjiwj gSaA ?kj esa cuus okys Hkkstu esa gekjh ekrk,¡&cgusa izfrfnu budk mi;ksx djrh gSaA bu elkykssa ds izfrfnu mi;ksx ls gekjh jksx izfrjks/kd 'kfDr ¼bE;qfuVh½ cuh jgrh gS] Qyr% ge fo"kk.kqvksa ls cps jgrs gSaA

;gk¡ eq>s ,d jkspd okrkZyki dk Lej.k gks x;k gS] ykWdMkmu esa nks dksjksuk ok;jl ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku dh [kkst esa Vdjk

x;sA nksuksa us ,d nwljs ds gkypky iwNsA crkvks fe=! dSlh xqtj jgh gS\] igyk cksyk D;k crkÅ¡\] cgqr cqjk gky gSA D;ksa ,slk D;k gqvk\ iwNks er! eSa ftl ?kj esa x;k] ml ?kj ds lc yksx fnu es rhu ckj dk<+k ihrs gSaA gekjk rks dk<+s ls NÙkhl dk oSj gSA vr% esjk ogk¡ jguk eqf'dy gks x;kA ml ?kj dks NksM+dj eSa nwljs ?kj esa x;kA ogk¡ ds yksx rks igys okys ls Hkh vkxs fudy os rks fnuHkj xeZ ikuh gh ihrs gSa] blfy, ogk¡ ls Hkh Hkkx vk;k gw¡ vkSj fdlh lqjf{kr ?kj ds ryk'k esa gw¡A fe= rqe crkvks] rqEgkjs D;k BkV&ckV gS\ vjs dgk¡ dk BkV&ckV\ eSa Hkh rqEgkjh rjg ls HkVd jgk gw¡A D;ksa] rqEgsa D;k gqvk\] esjh vki&chrh Hkh rqEgkjh tSlh gh gSA eSa ftl ?kj esa x;k] ml ?kj ds yksx rks fxyks; vkSj rqylh dk jl ihrs jgrs gSaA rqEgha crkvks ,sls ?kj esa dSls fuHkko gksrkA blfy, eSa Hkh nwljs ?kj esa x;k rks ogk¡ vkcky&o`) lHkh ugkus ds ckn viuh&viuh ukd esa ljlksa dk rSy yxkrs gSa vkSj gYnh feyk nw/k ihrs gSaA blfy, ogk¡ Hkh jguk lEHko ugha FkkA vc rqEgha dksbZ ekxZ lq>koks vU;Fkk ;gk¡ rks gekjh e`R;q fuf'Pkr gSA rc igys us xgjh fu'okl NksM+rs gq, dgk ^^;fn gesa thfor jguk gS rks tYnh ls tYnh bl ns'k dks NksM+dj ,sls ns'k esa pys tkuk pkfg,] tgk¡ dh jlksbZ esa bu elkyksa dk mi;ksx ugha gksrkA** vFkkZr~ dksjksuk Hkh gekjs ?kjsyw mipkjksa dh efgek dks tku x;k gSA blfy, dksjksuk gekjs ns'k esa vf/kd gkfu ugha dj ik;kA ftu vk/kqfud thou'kSyh okyksa dh bu mipkjksa esa J)k ugha Fkh] os vo'; gh dksjksuk dh idM+ esa vk;s gSaA

gekjk ^lwrd* fopkj

gekjh thou'kSyh dk ,d vkSj lw= gS] lwrd dh ekU;rkA ;g ekU;rk vU; ns'kksa esa fn[kkbZ ugha nsrhA fdlh Hkh ?kj esa tUe ;k e``R;q gksus ij lwrd yxrk gSA ftl ?kj esa ;g lwrd yxrk gS] ml ?kj ls lkekU; O;ogkj cUn dj fn;k tkrk gSA lwrd dky dh fuf'pr vof/k esa ogk¡ vkuk&tkuk ugha] [kkuk&ihuk ugha] fdlh izdkj dk ysunsu ugha fd;k tkrk gSA e`R;q gksus ij nkg laLdkj esa tks 'kkfey gksrs gSa] os nkg laLdkj ds ckn ogha 'e'kku esa Luku djrs gSa vkSj vius ?kj vkus ij nqckjk Luku dj fQj ?kj esa izos'k djrs gSaA fuf'pr fnuksa ds i'pkr lwrd dh lekfIr gksus ij] ;Kkfn ;k iwtk ikB ls 'kqf) gks tkus ds ckn gh lc yksx muls lkekU; O;ogkj 'kq# djrs gSaA

?kj esa tc fdlh dks pspd tSlh Nwr ls QSyus okyh chekjh gks tkrh gS rc vkt ftls vkblksys'ku djuk dgrs gSaA ;g O;oLFkk gekjs ;gk¡ cgqr igys ls gh gSA jksxh dks vyx lqykuk] mlds diM+s crZu vkfn vyx j[kuk] mlds d{k esa ckgj ds O;fDr dks ugha nsukA ;fn tkuk vko';d gS rks d{k ds ckgj xksew= ls Hkjs feV~Vh



ds ik= esa vius iSj dk v¡xwBk Mqck dj vFkkZr~ lsusVkbt dj vUnj tkuk gksrk FkkA

Hkkjrh; thou'kSyh dks ekuus okys ?kjksa esa tc ?kj dh efgyk,¡ jktLoyk gksrh gSa rc mUgsa ?kj esa vyx dejs esa j[kuk] mudk Li'kZ ugha djuk] muls Hkkstu u cuokuk tSls fu"ks/kksa dk ikyu fd;k tkrk gSA ;s fu"ks/k 'kjhj LokLF; ds lkFk&lkFk dhVk.kqvksa dks QSyus ls jksdus ds fy, vko';d gSA ;g O;ogkj vkt dh 'kSyh esa Hkh iw.kZr% oSKkkfud gSA

bu lHkh O;oLFkkvksa dks ikyu djus gsrq vkt dksjksuk dky esa tks&tks dj.kh; O;ogkj visf{kr gSa] os lHkh gekjh izkphu O;oLFkkvksa esa lekfgr gSA tSls gkFk dks lsusVkbt djuk] eq[kiV~Vh ¼ekLd½ yxkuk] nks xt dh nwjh j[kuk] ;s Hkh gekjs fy, dksbZ ubZ O;oLFkk,¡ ugha gSaA gekjs ;gk¡ cgqr igys ls gh tSu iaFk esa lk/kq&lkèoh rks gj le; eq[kiV~Vh yxk, j[krs gSaA gekjs fy, ;s O;ogkj lgt gksus ds dkj.k ge bUgsa ljyrk ls dj ik;s vkSj bflfy, ge cps gq, gSaA

ijLij lg;ksx o lsokHkko

gekjh thou'kSyh dk ,d vkSj egÙoiw.kZ lw= gS lsokHkkoA ge ,d gh ijekRek dh larkusa gSaA ge lcesa og ijekRerÙo fo|eku gS] blfy, gekjs eè; ,dkRerk dk lEcU/k gSA ge lc dh Hkw[k&I;kl o lq[k&nq[k dh vuqHkwfr ,d tSlh gSA gekjk thou ijLij iwjdrk ls pyrk gSA blfy, ijLij lg;ksx o lsok ls lc lq[kh thou thrs gSa] dgha Hkh la?k"kZ ugha vfirq leUo; gSA

bl lsok dk izdVhdj.k dksjksuk tSls ladVdky esa Hkh n``f"Vxkspj gqvkA MkWDVj] ulZ] fpfdRlkdehZ] iqfyl o gksexkMZ ds tokuksa us Lo;a dh fpUrk u dj vius ?kjksa ls nwj jgdj fnu&jkr lsok blh ,dkRerk o vkReh;rk ds dkj.k gh dj ldsA

lekt ds lkekU; tu Hkh blesa ihNs ugha jgsA jktLFkku ds dqpkeu flVh dk ,d lekpkj nSfud HkkLdj esa Nik dksjksuk dky esa pkj ;qod fnYyh o psUubZ ls vius ?kj vk, FksA ykWdMkmu ds fu;ekuqlkj mUgsa gqMhy xk¡o esa dksjsuVkbu dsUnz esa pkSng fnu rd j[kk x;kA ;g dsUnz ,d fo|ky; esa FkkA vius xk¡o gqMhy ds bl fo|ky; esa fxjoj flag i<+k FkkA pkSng fnus fcrkus Fks] izkjfEHkd fnu cM+s dfBukbZ ls chrs] dke djus okyksa dks fudEek cSBs jguk vPNk ugha yxkA mlus fo|ky; dh f'kf{kdkvksa o lg;ksxh deZpkfj;ksa ls fo|ky; ds dksbZ lsok ds dk;Z crkus dk vkxzg fd;kA mUgksaus fo|ky; ds jaxjksxu dk dk;Z lq>k;kA fxjoj flag us rhuksa lkfFk;ksa dks fo|ky; ds iqrkbZ ds dk;Z dks djus ds fy, rS;kj dj fy;k vkSj pkjksa feydj bl fo|ky; ds lHkh dejksa o cjkenksa ds jaxkbZ dk dke 'kq# dj fn;kA bl dk;Z esa le; o fnu dSls chr x, irk

gha ugha pykA mUgksaus xk¡o ds lg;ksx ls fo|ky; dks pedk fn;kA ukfld ls ykSVs thojkt flag us isaV djrs gq, crk;k fd vkt cpiu ds Ldwy dk dtZ+ pqdkus dk volj feyk gSA gekjk Ldwy lt laoj x;k vkSj ge Hkh dtZ+ eqDr gks x,A

>kj[kaM eas Hkh blh dky esa fd, x, lsok dk;Z dk lekpkj izkIr gqvkA fo|k fodkl lfefr >kj[kaM us vius izkar esa lHkh f'k'kq o fo|k eafnjksa ds lg;ksx ls rFkk vius lfefr ds fo|ky;ksa ds }kjk lapkfyr ,dy f'k{kk dsUnz ds ekè;e ls ,d yk[k rhl gtkj ifjokjksa esa gksE;ksiSfFkd nokbZ vklsZfud ,Yce&30 dk fu%'kqYd forj.k fd;kA bl lsok dk;Z yxHkx vkB yk[k ipkl gtkj yksx ykHkkfUor gq,A

vU; izkarksa esa fo|k Hkkjrh ds fo|k eafnjksa us Hkh vusd lsokdk;Z fd;sA dgha Hkw[kksa dks Hkkstu djokus gsrq jke&jlksbZ pykbZA dgha ekLd forfjr fd;s x, rks dgha lsusVkbtj ck¡Vs x,A vusd LFkkuksa ij Hkkstu ds fy, dPph [kk| lkexzh ds iSdsV ck¡Vs x;sA dbZ LFkkuksa ij i'kq vkgkj gsrq i'kq pkjk dk forj.k Hkh gqvkA jktLFkku ds t;iqj izkar esa xjhc ifjokjksa ds fy, lksyj ykbZV dk forj.k fd;k x;kA ns'k Hkj esa lsok dk;ksaZ dk ladyu fd;k tk, rks ;g cgqr cM+h la[;k cusxhA bu lcds ewy esa ogh vkReh;rk dk Hkko gh izeq[k gSA fo|k eafnjksa esa gesa xhr ds ekè;e ls izsj.kk feyrh gS &

^^ ns'k gesa nsrk gS lcdqN ge rks dqN nsuk lh[ksaA**

iqu% Hkkjrh; thou O;ogkj n``f"Vxkspj gqvk

dksjksuk dky esa viuh fof'k"V Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gq, Hkkjr us lEiw.kZ fo'o dks ,d fn'kk nh gSA fo'o ds vusd ns'kksa us Hkkjrh; thou'kSyh ds lw=ksa dks Lohdkjk gSA muesa izeq[k gS Hkkjr dh vfHkoknu 'kSyh ̂ ueLdkjA* nwj [kM+s&[kM+s ueLdkj djuk izR;sd n``f"V ls lqjf{kr ,oa vkReh;Hkko dks O;Dr djus okyk gSA bl 'kSyh dk [kqydj iz;ksx gksus yxk gSA ueLdkj ds ihNs ,d LokHkkfod vFkZ gS

^^ pkj feys pkSlB f[kys] chl jgs dj tksM+A

izseh lTtu nksuksa feys] f[ky x, lkr djksM+A**

tc nks lTtu vius nksuksa gkFkksa dks tksM+dj ueLdkj djrs gSa rks loZ izFke mudh pkj vk¡[ksa feyrh gSA vk¡[kksa ds feyrs gh nksuksa eqLdqjkrs gSa] rc pkSlB nk¡r f[kyrs gSaA ueLdkj eqnzk esa chl vaxqfy;k¡ tqM+h jgrh gSaA ;fn nksuksa esa vkReh;rk ugha gksaxh rks ;s fØ;k,¡ Hkh ugha gksaxhA vc vafre lkr djksM+ ds jkt dks ,slk le> ldrs gSaA ekuk tkrk gS fd izR;sd euq"; ds 'kjhj esa lk<+s rhu djksM+ jkse gksrs gSaA vr% tc nks lTtu feyrs gSa rks jkse&jkse iqyfdr ¼f[ky½ gks tkrk gSA

Hkkjr dh uEkLdkj eqnzk nks euksa dks tksM+rh gSA ;g nks vkRekvksa



ds feyu dk |ksrd gSA bruk xgjk Hkko Hkkjrh; vkè;kfRed laLd`fr ls gh lEHko gSA ;g ueLdkj eqnzk ukrs fj'rsnkjksa ls Åij mBdj lEiw.kZ fo'o ds yksxksa rd igq¡p xbZ gSA iqu% olq/kSo dqVqEcde~ dk mn~?kks"k djrh gSA O;fDrxr Lrj Hkys gh ge fdruk gh vk/kqfud D;ksa u cusa ijUrq oSf'od Lrj ij igq¡pus ds fy, rks gesa Hkkjrh;rk dks gh viukuk gksxkA ,dek= Hkkjrh; fopkj gh losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% dh

pkg j[krk gS vkSj fo'o ca/kqRo dks pfjrkFkZ djrk gSA vr% dksjksuk ds vfHk'kki dks ojnku esa cnyus ds fy, ge fQj ls Hkkjrh; cusa vFkkZr~ Hkkjrh;rk dks viuk,¡A Hkkjrh;rk viukus ls gh ge fo'o dY;k.k dh vksj bZ'ojh; iznÙk vkè;kfRed 'kfDr ds cy ls viuh Hkwfedk dks lkFkZd dj ldsaxsA

losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku%] losZ lUrq fujke;k%

fo|k Hkkjrh ds deZB dk;ZdrkZ Jh xaxkjke dk vuqHko

Jh xaxkjke us vius Hkkoksa dks O;Dr djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd loZizFke eSa MkW + okbZ +oh +flag th ds lkFk y[kuÅ vk;kA ml le; esjh vk;q yxHkx 17 o"kZ FkhA MkW + okbZ + oh + flag th ,oa J)s; yTtkjke rksej izFke laxBuea=h] fo|k Hkkjrh ds e/; gqbZ ckrphr esa J)s; yTtkjke rksej us vius ;gk¡ dk;Z djus ds fy;s dgkA eq>s ljLorh fo|k efUnj] fujkyk uxj y[kuÅ esa j[kk x;k ijUrq dqN fnuksa Ik'pkr~ vius ;gk¡ cqyk fy;kA mlds ckn lu~ 1978 easa f'k'kq laxe fnYyh ds volj ij eq>s vius lkFk fnYyh ys x;sA

24 twu 1980 dks fnYyh esa 16@7 vk;Zlekt ekxZ] nsouxj] djksy ckx u;h fnYyh esa dk;kZy; dk mn~?kkVu gqvkA lu~ 1983 rd fnYyh esa jg dj dk;Z fd;kA mlds mijkUr J)s; rksej th dk dsUnz eè;{ks= ds t;foykl ifjlj] Xokfy;j ¼e0iz½ esa r; gqvkA muds gh funsZ'ku esa fo|k Hkkjrh dk dk;kZy; Xokfy;j esa LFkkukUrfjr gqvkA ml le; dk;kZy; foLrkj vf/kd ugha gqvk FkkA vdsys eSa gh lkr o"kksZa rd dke esa yxk jgkA lu~ 1987 esa fo|k Hkkjrh dk dk;kZy; Xokfy;j ls y[kuÅ LFkkukUrfjr gks x;kA

lu~ 1988 esa fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku ds uke ls dk;kZy; ljLorh dqat fujkykuxj esa y[kuÅ esa iathd`r gqvkA lu~ 1987 esa gh esjh ukSdjh cSad esa yx x;h Fkh ijUrq ogk¡ ugha tkus dk eu cuk vkSj fo|k Hkkjrh dk dk;Z djrk jgkA ;gha fo|k Hkkjrh y[kuÅ fLFkr dk;kZy; esa dk;Z djrs gq, twu 2020 esa lsokfuo`Ùk gks x;kA eSa 1977 ls ysdj lsokfuo`fÙk rd vius ofj"B vf/kdkfj;kas ds ekxZn'kZu esa ,d dk;ZdÙkkZ dh Hkkouk ls izlUu eu ls vgfuZ'k dk;Z fd;kA ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lejl O;ogkj ls izHkkfor gksdj leiZ.k Hkko ls dke fd;kA 'kq:vkr esa dqN vf/kd osru ugha Fkk fQj Hkh f'k{kk {ks= ds laLdkfjr laLFkku esa dk;Z djrs gq, dHkh Hkku ugha gqvk fd brus de iSls esa ifjokj dSls pysxkA eq>s ifjlj esa vkokl feyk] eSa lnSo ls gh fo|k Hkkjrh ifjokj dks viuk ifjokj ekuk o eq>s ofj"B vf/kdkjh Hkh Lusg o lEeku fn,A dk;Z ds nkSjku lekt thou ds vusd lEekuuh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dk lkfuè; feyk] blls vkuan vkSj mRlkg esa o`f) gqbZA eq>s orZeku esa Hkh lHkh ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa dk I;kj vkSj vk'khokZn lnSo feyrk jgk A eSa larq"V gw¡A iqu% lsok foLrkj feyk] bl gsrq laLFkku ds inkf/kdkfj;ksa dks /kU;okn Kkfir djrk gw¡ o J)kHkko ls mUgsa ueu djrk gw¡A

yEcs dk;Zdky eas ftu egkuqHkkoksa dh lsok volj feyk muesa ls dbZ mYys[kuh; vknj.kkh; egkuqHkkoksa ds uke bl izdkj gSa&ije iwT; ckyk lkgc nsojl th] J)s; Jh jktsUnz flag th mik[; jTtw HkS;k th] J)s; ds +lh +lqn'kZu th] J)s; vVy fcgkjh cktis;h th] J)s; d`".kpUnz xka/kh th] J)s; yTtkjke rksej] lEekuuh; czãnso 'kekZ th ¼HkkbZ th½A orZeku esa lHkh dk Lusg eq>s fey jgk gSA lHkh ds izfr eSa vknj lEeku O;Dr djrk gw¡A

xaxkjke fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku



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muds tUe'krh o"kZ esa ;g ije lkSHkkX; gS fd Jhjke tUeHkwfe ij HkO; eafnj fuekZ.k dk dk;Z o bfrgkl ys[ku rFkk Hkkjrh; f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj gsrq jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 dh ;kstuk lkdkj gksus yxh gSA

& Jh dkS'kys'k dqekj mik/;k; eks + & 9910715755

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New national education policy – 2020 is launched by Government of India after much consultation, discussions, conducting seminars, holding workshops with all stake holders and general public for almost 5 years. Now it is available in the public domain. We should understand that a policy document is a statement of intent of the government and provides guidelines. It is to be implemented as a procedure and protocol by following all the regulations and directions pointed out in the policy document.

There are structural changes to revolutionize the Indian education system along with path breaking and transformatory initiatives which were hither to not found in the earlier NEPs. It appears to be providing direction for holistic, integrated, comprehensive and all-inclusive high quality education without neglecting 21st century skills, value system and man making life skills activity. It is acclaimed as that this NEP-20 is for the 21st century and to bring much needed reform that Indian education system has been waiting for the last 34 years.

Transforming curricular and pedagogical structure of school education i.e. 5 + 3 + 3 + 4 which includes 3 years in Anganwadi / Balvatika / pre-school and 12 years in school in 4 stages viz. foundation stage (5 years), preparatory stage (3 years), middle stage (3 years) and secondary stage (4 years). Here new concept is “Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE)” is being streamlined assuring continued health care, self-help skills bringing all Anganwadis, Balvatikas and other pre- primary classes under main stream education. There are other specialties like attaining Sustainable Development Goals

(SDGs) of retaining all children in schools until completion of secondary education with a thrust on vocational education. Improving the quality and achievement of learning outcomes i.e. Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN), focus on 21st century skills in teaching, learning and assessment, resource sharing through school complexes, overcoming the language barrier in learning, fixing common standards for public and private school education and improving teacher education along with empowerment and provision for continuous professional development are some of the new features in the NEP-20 policy document. Every policy and plan have got to succeed when its implementation is taken care with utmost precaution and strategy involving all the stakeholders.

I. Policy document is to be understood by all stake holders:

Effective implementation is possible when all the stake holders comprehend minute details and specialties of the policy document. For this top down approach is to be followed. The academia, intelligentsia, education-leaders, media and policy implementers are to be well informed about all important aspects of NEP-20 and how it is different from earlier policies. It is more futuristic and prepares our people to face global competition and achieve all 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs).

II. Success depends on teacher on the ground level and in the schools:

Teachers performance is the most crucial input in the field of education. Whatever policies may be laid down, in the ultimate analysis they have to be interpreted

NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY – 2020: STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION

NEP 2020

Shri D. Ramakrishna RaoPresident, Vidya Bharati

Akhil Bhartiya Sikhsha SansthanEducation Administrator,

Thinker & Writer Rtd. Principal & Director

Vijana Vihara Residential SchoolGudilova A.P.

ContactMob. 8008015950



and implemented by teacher. We should never forget that about 20 lakhs anganwadis, 20 lakhs balvatika / pre- primary teachers, 80 lakhs primary teachers, 20 lakhs secondary teachers and about 30 lakhs higher education teachers put together 1.5 crores of teachers is a big implementation force. These teachers should understand the policy in detail and their special role. Educating, empowering, upgrading, up-skilling and updating them is a big challenge even to the Government. Simultaneously here bottom-up approach is to be followed.

III. Primary classes and content generation:

As the thrust is on multi linguism and power of language, high quality text books are to be prepared in local language, for which a lot of effort is to be put in advance at primary stage classes. For example, there are many languages which are only spoken without script. There needs a special effort to design text books to meet local or regional requirements.

IV. Sisuvatika (ECCE) content:

Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is completely new concept for the society. But Sisuvatika of Vidya Bharathi is a unique successful experiment towards sarvangina and samagra vikas of a child. Government is to be provided with all these inputs including central and state level ministries not ignoring other related education organizations and bodies viz. NCERT, SCERTs, Department of school education. Before somebody occupies this new seat let us have our presence felt at that level which is very much essential. Detailed sisuvatika plan with all the activities is to be made available and our teachers should also get trained and ready to hold workshops if necessary.

V. Knowledge is continuous, integrated and comprehensive – Content generation:

There will be no hard separation among curricular, co-curricular or extra- curricular activities and arts, humanities, science subjects, between academic or non-academic streams. Our graded activities shall be providing guidelines at school level. We should have to get ready with quality content at all levels, before the space is occupied by anti-national forces which were hither to controlling the whole educational organizations setup and system. Now that content generation with a time bound approach is a challenge for which academic and intelligentsia has to come forward with their ideas and experiences.

VI. Experiential and integrated learning:

At school level, experiential learning shall be adopted, which includes hands-on learning, arts & sports integrated learning along with standard pedagogy. Class room transaction will shift towards competency-based education. CBSE has released two guideline books on experiential learning and arts integration with all subjects. Basing on these we should have to work out in details during this year and get ready for submission of content whenever it is required.

VII. Vocationalisation of secondary education – Skilling while Schooling:

This is quite reformatory and essential measure to meet all future challenges and requirements. From standard VI to XII – vocations and skills to be added are to be listed after studying the local and field level requirements and needs are to be considered. We shall have to send a detailed plan with syllabus and activities. Village artisans, local experts, village professionals, National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and skill development agencies

"Teachers performance is the most crucial input in the field of education. Whatever policies may be laid down, in the ultimate analysis they have to be interpreted and implemented by teacher. We should never forget that about 20 lakhs anganwadis, 20 lakhs balvatika / pre- primary teachers, 80 lakhs primary teachers, 20 lakhs secondary teachers and about 30 lakhs higher education teachers put together 1.5 crores of teachers is a big implementation force."

"From standard VI to XII – vocations and skills to be added are to be listed after studying the local and field level requirements and needs are to be considered. We shall have to send a detailed plan with syllabus and activities. Village artisans, local experts, village professionals, National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and skill development agencies can play a vital role in this regard."



can play a vital role in this regard.

VIII. Adding local content in the syllabus:

20 to 30 percent of local syllabus can be finding a place when actual text books are prepared. We should have to gear up our mechanism to select local essential syllabus content and provide inputs whenever and wherever it is essential. This will help SCERT in preparing textbooks in time and hasten the process of implementation.

IX. Curricular integration of regular subjects with life skills, value system and man making mechanism:

Along with prescribed competencies and decided learning outcomes, we should have to inculcate scientific temper, evidence based thinking, creativity and innovation, sense of aesthetics and art, oral and written communication, health and nutrition, physical fitness, wellness and sports, collaboration and team work, problem solving and logical thinking, digital literacy, coding and computational thinking, ethical and moral reasoning etc. for which teachers are to be trained and up-skilled and ready with necessary inputs and information. Workout sessions are to be held for curriculum integration with desirable skills acquisition.

X. Holistic progress card:

NCERT and SCERTs should come out with an assessment and testing plan for basic learning objectives and application of knowledge in real life situation. The progress card of all students should redesigned to make it more holistic, 360 degree multi-dimensional report representing self-assessment, peer assessment and teacher assessment. It should also reflect the progress and uniqueness of the learner in the cognitive, socio-emotional

and psychomotor domain. Earlier there was continuous and comprehensive evaluation system, which our Vidya Bharathi has suggested long back to the government, reflecting different aspects of life skills and man making activities along with a sound value system.

XI. Going with global trends:

We should go with latest global trends and emerging areas based on technology. All our teachers are to know the art of using technology as a tool for better and easy learning – of-course technology should be with human face, ethics and morals. Artificial Intelligence (A.I.), Internet of Things (IOT), Quantum computing, Block chain technology, data science, cyber security, applied arts, augmented and virtual realities (AR/VR) are new emerging areas based on latest technology. Of course, now we should acquaint with A.I. to speed up the process of learning and to save time. A.I. is an attempt to let computer perform services for which humans need intelligence and it is useful for economy, healthcare, agriculture, environment, education and industry etc.

XII. Transforming teacher education:

A complete revamp of teacher education, a key sector on which the entire education edifice depends and which was not cared for and most neglected one during all the years after independence is inevitable and the present policy aims to achieve it. Detailed suggestions, guidelines and an action plan with curricular content is to be prepared and sent, as we have made many experiments in teacher education (acharya prasikshan) and developed expertise in the same.

XIII. Helping to develop School Quality Assessment and Accreditation Framework (SQAAF):

School quality improvement programme and Manak parishad are our successful initiatives across the country with our rich experience in school education. Basing on our expertise we should assist SCERT in developing SQAAF after consulting all stake holders since there is a time line for implementation of NEP-20.

XIV. Sitting in small groups to comprehend and execute:

We should continuously sit and hold workshops to prepare notes, list out activities and suggestions etc. both for our comprehension and to hasten the process of implementation

"It should also reflect the progress and uniqueness of the learner in the cognitive, socio-emotional and psychomotor domain. Earlier there was continuous and comprehensive evaluation system, which our Vidya Bharathi has suggested long back to the government, reflecting different aspects of life skills and man making activities along with a sound value system."



at government level. Now that out experience in the field of education counts and we should take an active part as this policy if properly implemented in true spirit can affect generations together.

XV. Effort towards institutional empowerment – clearinghurdles:

Democracy to be successful requires establishment of powerful institutions. India inherited the administrative legacy from the British. Therefore, most of our institutions including bureaucracy is designed to fulfill the requirements of colonial rule and are not strong enough to strengthen a true democracy and Bharateeya values. In spite of facing hurdles from some quarters we have to think of institutional empowerment for better implementation strategy and desired results.

XVI. School complexes and clusters:

School complexes ensure the availability and sharing of all resources, infrastructure, experienced teachers, special teachers and counsellors, by all the schools in that cluster. There is a mention of Balbhavans which are nothing but Bala Samskara Kendras which we have already been running for pre-primary children through art, play and culture related activities. There is a guidance that schools are to be developed as samajik chetana kendras to promote useful

"School complexes ensure the availability and sharing of all resources, infrastructure, experienced teachers, special teachers and counsellors, by all the schools in that cluster. There is a mention of Balbhavans which are nothing but Bala Samskara Kendras which we have already been running for pre-primary children through art, play and culture related activities. "

service activities as our social responsibility. This is in tune with our concept of school a centre for social change, for which we planned number of activities and with our expertise we can help the government. Pairing of schools is suggested to be carried on – one government school and one private school for sahoday (collaborative development). All these are known to us and are in vogue. Hence, we should be getting ready to prepare syllabus and activity schedule for the same.

XVII. Helping adult education and life long learning:

An adult education curricular frame work will be developed by a new constituent body of NCERT. This is prepared with clearly defined outcomes and objectives viz. foundational literacy & numeracy, critical life skills, vocational skills, basic education and continuing education, for which e can think in advance to send our suggestions and detailed guidelines. As we have been doing schools can be used beyond school hours for adult education with an idea of community engagement and enrichment activities.

XVIII. Close monitoring and involvement in implementation at all levels:

Department of school education will be responsible for overall monitoring and policy making for continual improvement.

All educational operations and other provisions of schooling system are to be handled by the Directorate of School Education.

Academic matters, curriculum, syllabus and textbooks shall be prepared by SCERT, with close consultation and collaboration with NCERT.

Vidya Bharathi teams should always be in touch with all these agencies to get things move on. Repeated interaction and acquaintance shall yield results.

PROMOTE UNITY THROUGH LOVE IS OUR DHARMA We can now define Dharma. Dharma is the immutable, unchangeable, law permeating the whole

universe, sustaining all its parts of the smalest and the largest magnitude in relationship with each other, discoverable, with the aid of buddhi, the higher supperrational, integrative, unitive entelligence which is the real maitri, love or Compassion, to know this Dharma, to see the mode of its working, to make it easier for fellow men to understand it and live according to it is one of the greatest blessing.

-Maharshi Arvind



In the Indian culture, the parents are considered as the pratham gurus or the first teachers of the children. This pre-eminent position allows them to play an important and defining role in shaping the future of the children and influencing their learning process. The great Hindu mythological epic, Mahabharata, tells us as how Abhimanyu, the son of Arjun and Subhadra, learned the art of entering into the Chakravyuh, a complex wheel like military formation, while he was still in womb. This peculiar instance highlights the importance as to how the learning of a child could be influenced from the womb days by his or her mother and father. Event after the birth, due to their constant interaction and living with the children, almost for every child his or her parents are the perfect role models and they tried to emulate them wittingly or unwittingly. Thus, there is a great need that parents must act and behave in a most orderly, decent and appropriate manner so that children could also be shaped in becoming good samaritan and citizen.

Before the beginning of formal education, young child learns with his family, exploring the nature, playing together with family and other collective activities. Under the valuable guidelines of parents, young children get prepared for formal school education. According to a well-known Portland Professor the parents can nourish their children just by paying attention to them and by spending time with them.

It is an established fact that different children have different and unique learning abilities, requirements and skills. Some children learn by observing visual images

while others through physical activities and on the other hand some are auditory learners who learn what they hear. Parents can recognize their learning abilities just by paying attention to them and hence, parents are encouraged to help their wards in school studies but only to a limited extent. Parents are supposed to prepare children in such a way so that he can take his own decisions and can take responsibilities of his success and failure. Motivation of learning will improve child’s intrinsic interest and will help in shaping his/her ability and capability to understand and perform in life. However, few psychiatrists warn that excess and continuous involvement may obstruct overall development of the child and thus there a need to maintain a balance in their interactions and always give space to the children so that they can also be at their own.

Parents must encourage their ward always to learn something new. He may choose any of the topics of his choice and deliberate. Parents-support helps the child to cope up with the pressure of school. A healthy bonding of child with school and home atmosphere improves the outcomes of learning. The study all over the world has proved that parental engagement has a positive impact on grades, higher education, (lesser) drop-outs. Beyond education, rather beyond realization of its importance, this support helps the children in development of social skills, improving behavior and adaptation in life.

Formal education is one of many ways that children learn and develop. The learning trajectory begins well before children enter school, and once children are attending

PARENTAL ENGAGEMENT IN LEARNING AND SCHOOL EDUCATION

PARENTING

Shri Nar Singh SehrawatEx. Value Audit Tax Officer

(DANICS)Ex- Metropolitan Magistrate, Delhi

Educationist, Social Worker




school, they continue to learn at home, and in the community. Parents play a critical role in providing learning opportunities at home and in linking what children learn at school with what happens elsewhere. By participating in and facilitating diverse learning experiences and activities outside the school, parents become an important factor in children’s overall learning and education.

While research supports the notion that parental engagement may positively impact student academic attainment, there is an important distinction between involving parents in schooling and engaging parents in learning; it is the latter that has shown to have the greatest positive impact. While involving parents in school activities may have an important community and social function, the key to facilitating positive change in a child’s academic attainment is the engagement of parents in learning outcomes in the home.

The extent to which parents are engaged and the likelihood of that engagement being sustained over time is dependent upon how they perceive themselves as actors in their children’s education. Parental role construction therefore plays a decisive part in the likelihood of a parent becoming engaged in education. Whether parents decide to take part in their children’s education autonomously, or whether they become engaged as a result of invitations (actual or perceived) from schools, can in turn influence the nature and quality of their engagement.

Parental role construction is important not just because it affects parents’ decisions about how and whether to become engaged, but also because role construction is intimately linked to academic achievement. Parental aspirations and expectations for their children’s education have a strong relationship to academic outcomes. In turn, a parent’s ability to efficacy and belief in their ability to help their children is pivotal to whether and how they become involved with their children’s schooling. The lowest likelihood of engagement occurs when parental role construction is weak – that is, when parents do not believe they should be involved in their child’s education and have at the same time a low sense of efficacy.

There is also evidence that parenting style which is supportive of the child and encourages conversation and exchange between the parent and child is more conducive to emotional wellbeing during the schooling years. A supportive parenting style allows for the setting of limits and rules while making transparent the

reasons behind decisions, thereby acknowledging the autonomy and self-responsibility of the child. Conversely, a style which is emotionally distant yet which requires children to obtain high levels of academic achievement can lead to low levels of self-esteem in children, which can have a flow through negative impact on academic achievement.

Parental engagement initiatives, whether implemented at a home, school or community level, require a clear focus on student learning, development and wellbeing. They also require leadership and adequate resources at the school level. Engagement strategies are more likely to be successful when teachers know how to communicate effectively with parents, where dedicated school staff work with parents, and where there is strong support from the principal for this work. While dedicated resources are often needed, the level of resourcing for each school is likely to vary with community need and with the engagement strategies chosen. Effective approaches differ across age groups and need to adjust to the learning trajectories of individual children. Parental involvement on school grounds appears to be suitable for children at primary school to enhance social and emotional adjustment, while it may have little impact on high school students. Parental engagement, on the other hand, appears to have benefits across all age groups

Finally, successful parental engagement is continuous. Children are born to learn, and parental engagement needs to start from infancy and be maintained throughout childhood and well into teenage years and early adulthood. Though the nature of parental participation may change, the level of 13 commitment from parents needs to remain the same. For parents to understand and appreciate their continuing role, parents, schools and indeed the general community need to build a mutual understanding of positive parental engagement and progress strategies to create and sustain this. Through this mutual understanding and commitment, children’s wellbeing will be enhanced, and they will have a much greater chance of living a life that they value, where their full capacities and aspirations are fulfilled. For the benefits of parental engagement to be realized, it is critical that efforts are guided by the best available evidence. This report synthesizes key messages from current research in practical terms that can be used by parents, teachers, schools and government to guide parental engagement strategies. Translating this best evidence in policy, practices and programmes is the greater challenge, and will require resourcing and commitment by all parties.



The country and the world are passing through an unprecedented situation because of the Corona virus, now commonly known as COVID-19. The world has not faced this type of situation in the last 100 years. Both the world wars were confined to certain geopolitical formations. The Spanish flupandemic of 1918 which started soon after the end of World War1 infected one third of all humans and claimed an estimated 50 to 100 million lives.

Laura Spinney in his book “Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and how it changed the world” has narrated the changes that took place, in the world as a result of that pandemic. The book was published in2018. The author points out how important events were shaped by the Spanish flu. These events include helping end the hostilities of the World War I, strengthening the independence movement in India and apartheid in South Africa, and implementing universal healthcare. The 1918 Spanish flu was one of the greatest catastrophes to affect the world, claiming more lives than any other flu pandemic. Could another global flu pandemic occur? The author raised this question and now we have the pandemic towards the end of 2019 and by the first quarter of 2020 the world started reeling under its impact.

At the moment, India is recording the largest number of cases per day in the world. However, the recovery rate with about 78% and mortality ofabout1.67% give us confidence that we will pass this pandemic. It has seriously dented the economy, severely stressed the medical infrastructure. Schools are not running and online classes have

started but the access to online education is not yet accessible to all and at a satisfactory level.

The above situation poses severe challenges to leadership in our school system. One question that occurs to one’s mind is how to lead through uncertainty and strengthen the organization for the long term. The second question is to understand the ethical leadership. I propose to share some thoughts on these two issues in the following paragraphs.

1. Leading through uncertaintyWe are passing through an

unprecedented uncertainty. Even before the COVID-19 crisis, rapid technological change, global economic interdependence, political realignments, a high-pitched noise level by the so-called liberals in different garbs had conspired to make the future increasingly uncertain and murky. Uncertainty was so encompassing that researchers started analyzing the problems and started categorizing the magnitude of the problem in acronyms such as VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity) and TUNA (Turbulent, Uncertain, Novel and Ambiguous)

To understand the above and apply to leadership positions, let us look at what are the qualities of leaders as detailed by John C. Maxwell. There are twenty-one qualities of leaders.

The latest situation on COVID-19 in India and the world are as follows (As on 11/09/2020)

COVID 19 – CHALLENGES TO LEADERSHIP

CURRENT ISSUE

Dr. UMAMAHESWARA RAOCHAMARTHY,

IAS (Retd.), Executive Director Central

affairs, Special Secretary to Chief Minister, Govt. AP

Vice Chairman Centre (CDS-APARD)

Member Telangana pay Revision Commission

President, Dakshin madhya zone

Vidya Bharti


Total cases Recovered Deaths

India 4.66 million 3.62 million 77,472World wide 28.5 million 19.3 million 916,000



Character Charisma Commitment

Communication Competence Courage

Discernment(Put an end to unsolved mysteries)

Focus Generosity

Initiation Listening Passion

Positive attitude Problem solving Relationships

Responsibility Security Self-discipline

Servanthood(To get ahead, put others first)

Teachability(To keep leading, keep learning)

Vision(You can seize only what you can see)

We have a leadership at different levels in Vidya Bharathi. A substantial (at least 60%) number of them are volunteers. It is to be understood that someone voluntarily working in leadership positions is not absolved of the qualities of a leader. In addition to the qualities

listed above ’sacrifice’ has to be added as another quality required in an organization with a huge volunteer force.

The above qualities are listed not to educate our co-workers in Vidya Bharathi but only to recollect, rejuvenate and rededicate ourselves to the cause. In the present crisis, the most important thing to my mind is how to keep our Acharyas and others working in the organization motivated. Our organizations’ strength is ’Samparka’ with the parents and well-wishers in the society. We can convert the crisis into an opportunity to contact the parents on phone or through virtual meetings at different levels which many are already doing. We can contact more people on phone and through virtual meeting platforms than when we physically travel and contact them. The present crisis is pushing us to use technology. The use of this technology is creating a new culture of communication. It is necessary that all of us develop an etiquette suited to this new culture of communication. For example: Our acharyas need greater competence and a new skill to teach online since the parents along with children would be listening to what is being taught. The acharyas would be assessed by the parents. This can put pressure on a teacher who is not fully equipped for on line teaching. We have to think of new ways of addressing this challenge. The leadership role is evident.

COVID-19 may go away may be in six months to one year. But one long term impact of this would be increased use of digital platforms on a permanent basis. We can formulate an approach where we can have a digital component and virtual conferences on a permanent basis at least for some activities to derive greater leverage of technology and synergy between activities. We need to visualize that future and prepare our organizations future ready. In a changing environment, what is constant is change. Our karyakarthas need to develop this sensitivity to the future and work to meet the emerging challenges. This vision of the future need to be effectively communicated to all the stake holders in the

We need to visualize that future and prepare our organizations future ready. In a changing environment, what is constant is change. Our karyakarthas need to develop this sensitivity to the future and work to meet the emerging challenges. This vision of the future need to be effectively communicated to all the stake holders in the organization.

The present crisis is pushing us to use technology. The use of this technology is creating a new culture of communication. It is necessary that all of us develop an etiquette suited to this new culture of communication. For example: Our acharyas need greater competence and a new skill to teach online since the parents along with children would be listening to what is being taught.

To manage problems of this nature, a shift in strategic thinking is necessary. Till the other day all effort was focused on how to make our schools effective learning centres for integrated development of children (Sarvargeenavikas). Now we need to think how to make the schools effective whether online or offline. Earlier we were probably meeting the parents occasionally. Today with online education we can meet the parents almost daily. This gives us an opportunity to encourage the parents to take a greater role in the teaching, learning process. Leadership at different levels need to take this into account in organizing our activities.



We should be able to sensitize in our area of activity on this so that we do not lose our moral compass and the society comes out of the present crisis with minimum damage. This is just an example. The crisis provides any number of opportunities to show the ethical leadership.Vidyabhaathi and its associated organisations can together make an impact on the society however small it is .

organization.

2. Ethical leadershipThere is always a thin line between management and

leadership. Leadership generally goes beyond management which is generally governed by a regulatory framework. Leadership subsumes management but management does not subsume leadership.

Ethics or morality can be describedas “Science of Conduct”. In the notion of Western society ethics is generally a guidance for individual action- merely right or wrong. In the Indian context ethics goes beyond this and encompasses several layers. Ethics, of course, is poor equivalent of ’Dharma’. For us in the Indian context ethics starts with individual, moves on to family, community, society, nation, world and beyond and encompasses all the living and non-living creatures, nature etc.,

When we are passing through the present crisis, we need not leadershipalone but ethical leadership. This is a combination of management and leadership which is necessary to meet the multilayered complexity of the crisis on hand. We can understand the concept of ethical leadership through a matrix.

Above matrix is explained below.

Ethics minima: (low compliance / low integrity)

This occurs in organizations that do not see ethics as particularly important. Leadership is minimal and is strictly reactive and only minimum legal standards are maintained.

Ethics management (high compliance / low integrity)

Ethics or morality can be describedas “Science of Conduct”. In the notion of Western society ethics is generally a guidance for individual action- merely right or wrong. In the Indian context ethics goes beyond this and encompasses several layers. Ethics, of course, is poor equivalent of ’Dharma’. For us in the Indian context ethics starts with individual, moves on to family, community, society, nation, world and beyond and encompasses all the living and non-living creatures, nature etc.,

Management / Leadership matrixINTEGRITY

LOW HIGH

COMPLAINCE OF

RULES,LAW ETC.

LOW Ethics minima Ethical management

HIGH Ethics management Ethical leadership

Organizations consider ethics as important but it is not part of the culture. Emphasis is on accountability, comply with rules and regulations, codes of conduct etc., but ethics takes a back seat.

Ethical management (low compliance / high integrity)

Here the ethical framework is strong with one or two members. They champion the ethical agenda. But they target the rules, compliance requirement legal framework etc.,

Ethical Leadership (high compliance / high integrity)

This is found in organizations that have strong personal commitment and the necessary infrastructure, compliance systems etc., Ethics is embedded into organizational culture. Leaders are proactive and

seek to develop all individuals to be accountable, transparent and work with a moral flourish.

All the organizations do not exactly fit into the above four types. But the goal should be to aim to the fourth type wiz. Ethical leadership. To reach this stage, the leadership should have most of the qualities detailed in the initial paragraphs. If we critically analyze ourselves, we find that our karyakarthas at different levels exhibit good number the qualities of leadership.

A crisis can create opportunities for fraud, mischief etc., We hear a lot of incidents where Govt. hospitals do not react properly to Covid cases while private hospitals are fleecing the patients. We should be able to sensitize in our area of activity on this so that we do not lose our moral compass and the society comes out of the present crisis with minimum damage. This is just an example. The crisis provides any number of opportunities to show the ethical leadership.Vidyabhaathi and its associated organisations can together make an impact on the society however small it is .

Lokahs samasthah sukhino bhavanthu.......



Mahatma Gandhi once said “My ambition is nothing less than to see international affairs placed on a moral basis through India’s efforts”. It was not a new idea cropped up in Gandhi Ji’s mind. Our ancestors followed principles of “vasudhaiv-kutumbhkam” i.e. people of entire planet as a family. They wished peace and happiness for all living beings.

Our successive Govts. after independence followed same pursuit India never bullied any tiny neighbor country, rather treated each of them with generosity. Our foreign policy always remained guided by kindness, fair play and mutual respect. Our policy makers preferred morality over self interest. Gandhi Ji compelled Indian Govt. to pay crores of rupees to Pakistan to establish itself after partition despite widespread hunger and depravity in our own country. Everyone knew that persons in power in Pakistan were responsible for division of country and genocide of Hindu’s fleeing Pakistan.

India liberated Bangladesh from cruelty caused to it by Pak rulers and saved lives of innocent Bangla people and dignity of their ladies from brutal Pak army. India sent its ‘Peace Keeping Force’ to Sri Lanka to save a neighboring country from civil war between two major ethnicities and sacrificed more than two thousands of its soldiers, without any self interest of our own.

After formation of United Nations Organization (UNO), China was selected as a permanent member of its Security Council. A civil war had broken out in China in 1945, which lasted till 1949. Nationalist party led by Cheng Kai Shek was in power. At the same time, Chinese communist party started

revolution, as war of liberation, under its chairman Mao-Zedong and succeeded in getting majority of public support. China was represented in UN by Republic of China (Taiwan) under leadership of Cheng Kai Shek and not by People’s Republic of China, having Mao as its chairperson. Communists claimed membership of UN and of Security Council. USA along with its allies did not want PRC controlled by communists to represent China in UN, rather favored ROC. Jawahar Lal Nehru, Prime Minister of India not only advocated PRC rather approached leaders of Great Britain, USA and Burma and requested for membership of communist PRC. He (Nehru) sent cable to Egyptian Prime Minister asking the latter to back PRC in UN Security Council. Historians say that USA even wanted to give India permanent membership of Security Council, but our leaders were in favor of PRC.

On 11.12.2001 China officially became one forty third member of World Trade Organization (WTO). India played key role and supported membership of China. Developing @ 9% P.A, China became second largest economy of world in GDP terms. Within short span, it became first destination for inward FDI, among developing countries. Now China is first largest merchandise exporter. Our leaders not only facilitated China in its progress and economic development, they helped it in fulfilling its illegal and immoral design. China offered India a grand post colonial alliance, if India does not help Tibetans, allured in this way, our leaders raised no objection rather allowed shipment of food stuffs to Chinese army stuck in Tibet War, through India. Moreover, Prime Minister Nehru by writing letters through Indian envoy suggested Chinese premier, as

China Communist or Expansionist

CHINA

Shri Rajendra Kumar Shastri Additional Session’s Judge (Retd.)

Ex. CBI Judge Thinker, Writer




how to annex Tibet with China and what time will be more suitable to attack Tibetan army.

What china repaid India is evident to world now. Zhou Enlai pretended friendship with Nehru. He signed a five point accord of friendship and co-existence, popularly known as “Panchsheel” by befooling our leaders but stabbed in back by attacking us militarily in 1962. They claimed our territory, and snatched entire Aksai Chin from us.

China baited Pakistan and used it against India. They signed an agreement called “Sino Pakistan Agreement” in 1963 where Pak recognized Chinese sovereignty over hundreds of square kilometers of land in North Kashmir and Ladakh. In 2006, Chinese ambassador to India claimed that entire Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory. Now they lay their claim over whole Ladakh region also.

Macmohan line is demarcation line between Tibet and North East region of India. It was proposed by Foreign secretary of British India Sir Henry Macmohan in 1914 at Shimla convention, signed between British and Tibetan representatives. China refused to recognize that demarcation saying that Tibet was not a sovereign state and had no power to conclude such agreement. It claims 65,000 kilometers of Indian territory, south of Macmohan line as part of Tibet Autonomous Region known as South Tibet.

Although there is no substance in the plea of China, what right China has over this land. It is not long ago that China attacked Tibet and forcibly annexed it. Tibet always remained a separate and independent nation. It was never part of China. It is still different culturally, socially and politically from mainland China. Even if there was any claim or confusion, same was between India and Tibet. Being an invader, what authority China had on Tibetan or Indian territory.

When China attacked Tibet and killed its army which was sparsely armed, Dalai Lama who was a political and spiritual head of country fled India, fearing for his life. Thousands of other Tibetans followed him and took shelter in India. Tibetan Govt. in exile works from Dharmshala (HP), perhaps to appease China some political leaders in India heard saying that Tibet was integral part of China. Neither this fact is true nor it was an official statement by Indian govt.

In May 2020, China intruded in our territory comprising Eastern Ladakh. It has stationed about 60,000 soldiers alongwith heavy armoury. Although Indian forces are effectively countering

China but they are not ready to go back. India lost at least 20 Jawans in skirmishes in Pengong TSO with Chinese army.

Media and even Govt. officials in India are committing mistake by referring standoff between two armies as a boundary dispute between India and China. India does not share any boundary with China. It is Tibet, which is situated on over Eastern border. Tibet is a separate country, having its own Govt. in exile. We should resist referring it as Chinese territory.

As mentioned earlier, Chiang Kai Shek was ruling entire China including present Taiwan. After Communist revolution, he was forced to confine in Taiwan, known as Republic of China. The latter may have claim over remaining territory, now called as “mainland China” but not vice-versa. Now Chinese leaders started claiming their right over Taiwan also, which is not logical.

Hong Kong remained under suzerainty of Great Britain for almost one and half centuries. Under an agreement with China, Britain handed it over to China on July 1, 1997. According to said agreement, Hong Kong will remain special administrative region of China till 2047, as one country, two systems. People of Hong Kong started their struggle for independence from China. When Hong Kong went under control of Great Britain, China was not a single administrative country as is today. Separate regions were administered by different rulers. Neither China nor England had any authority over fate of Hong Kong. Agreement between England & China regarding Hong Kong has no meaning and hence void. People of Hong Kong have every right to decide their own fate.

Though China claims itself to be a communist country, it has an oppressive system of administration, unheard of anywhere. It seldom spares its own people, if come in its way. Mass killing of thousands of innocent students at Tiananmin Square, is still fresh in public mind. Same behavior is being repeated in Hong Kong.

India is not the only victim of China. Pakistan is completely under its control and has virtually become its colony. China has forced Pakistan to surrender thousands of kilometers of land, which is strategically very important. By giving heavy credits and that to serve its own purpose, China baits small countries to trap. Sri Lanka, Maldives and now Nepal are its prey. China left no option for these countries but to submit to its terms. China started using these countries to circumscribe and isolate India, as we refused to surrender before it. Our forefathers opted to remain truly independent. We did not align either with USA or USSR during period of Cold War between said two superpowers rather initiated



“Non aligned movement”, which was joined by several other countries also. That era has gone now.

It is true that China is a great economic power. It has one of largest army and navy bigger than any other country in world including USA. It will be very difficult to counter such a power on our own. There is no permanent friend or foe in politics, may it be local or international. It is national interest which is paramount

for a country. Circumstances at present compel us to take side. It is always wise to take note of circumstances. USA is only superpower of day, which can contain China. Even USA requires India to serve its economic interest against China.

China is hostile towards many of countries in world. It’s high time that all such countries join hands to stop expansionist China, otherwise it will be too late.

ATAL TUNNELAtal Tunnel (also known as Rohtang Tunnel) is a highway tunnel built under the Rohtang Pass in the eastern Pir Panjal range of

the Himalayas on the Leh-Manali Highway in Himachal Pradesh, India. At a length of 9.02 km, it is the longest tunnel above 10,000 feet (3,048 m) in the world and is named after former Prime Minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

The tunnel reduces the travel time and overall distance between Manali and Keylong on the way to Leh. The route, which previously went through Gramphu, was 116 km (72.1 mi) long and took 5 to 6 hours in good conditions. The traveller now reaches the South Portal of the tunnel from Manali, a distance of 24.4 km (15.2 mi) in about 50 minutes, goes through the 9.02 km (5.6 mi) long tunnel in about 15 minutes, and reaches Keylong which is 37 km (23.0 mi) away in about 60 minutes. The new route via the tunnel brings down the total distance travelled to 71 km (44.1 mi) which can be covered in about 2 hours and 5 minutes, a reduction of around 3 to 4 hours when compared to the earlier route. Moreover, the tunnel bypasses most of the sites that were prone to road blockades, avalanches, and traffic snarls.

The tunnel is at an elevation of 3,100 metres (10,171 ft) whereas the Rohtang Pass is at an elevation of 3,978 metres (13,051 ft). It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 3 October 2020. The cost of the entire project is Rs. 3,200 crore (US$438 million). Atal Tunnel Approach Inauguration 26 May 2002 - Atal Bihari Vajpayee, PM of India and Lt. Gen. Prakash Suri, Director General Border Roads (DGBR). The commissioning of the access road construction for the Atal Tunnel by Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 26 May 2002.

Lt. Gen. Prakash Suri, PVSM, was put in charge of construction. The approach road to the tunnel entrance was inaugurated by Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

However the project did not move beyond the tree-felling stage by May 2003. By December 2004, the cost estimate had grown to Rs. 900 crore. In May 2007, the government of Dr. Manmohan Singh awarded the contract to SMEC (Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation) International Private Limited, an Australian company, and the completion date was revised to 2014. However, there was no progress for the next three years, until May 2010. Prime Minister Narendra Modi renamed the tunnel as the Atal Tunnel, in honour of Shree Atal Bihari Vajpayee, on 25 December 2019, Vajpayee's birthday.

The Rohtang Tunnel has been planned to ensure an all-seasons, all-weather road route to strategically important areas of Ladakh and the remote Lahaul-Spiti valley. However, the tunnel will provide this connectivity only up to Darcha, north of Keylong in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh. Connectivity to Ladakh will require more tunnels: either at Shikun La, or at the passes located on the present Leh-Manali road. Prime Minister Narendra Modi renamed the tunnel as the Atal Tunnel, in honour of Shree Atal Bihari Vajpayee, on 25 December 2019, Vajpayee's birthday.

The Rohtang Tunnel has been planned to ensure an all-seasons, all-weather road route to strategically important areas of Ladakh and the remote Lahaul-Spiti valley. However, the tunnel will provide this connectivity only up to Darcha, north of Keylong in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh. Connectivity to Ladakh will require more tunnels: either at Shikun La, or at the passes located on the present Leh-Manali road.



In the Bhagavad Gita, both the living entity as well as the material nature are explained as “Prakriti”, or the energy of the Lord. The difference is that one of the two, the jiva-prakriti, is conscious whereas the other one, jada-prakriti is unconscious. Therefore, the jiva-prakriti is called the Superior Energy of the Lord because the jiva, or living entity, has consciousness which is similar to the Lord’s.

Unfortunately, we human being have exhausted all the liberties bestowed by the Lord and are continuously heading to destroy the nature. Its high time after this COVID -19 crisis that we become apathetictowards environment, instead of just talking and simply walking away.

Plastic and polythene are real danger for the future generation because of its non-recyclable nature. Plastic molecules have been found in vegetables, plants and in drinking water. It enters our blood and doesn’t come out ever. To our shock One polythene bag takes more than 1000 years to decompose. Plastic is therefore consumed by animals which results in their death. A vet told about an operation on a calf in whose stomach he found 45 kg plastic.Plastic pollution is not just seen on land but have also extended to water bodies. A wale died with 100 kg plastic in its stomach.It is due to polythene consumption thousands of animals

die every month.

The question is how does this happens?

Polythene that we throw on ground or in dustbins enters groundwater and reaches oceans through rivers and other water bodies. Plastic molecules like the cut piece of milk packet have been found in mineral water and plants.These molecules affect our hormones and is cancerous.

When we encounter such human generated problems we need to have a solution for the same. It is rightly said “change starts from home itself”. And the solution is ECO BRICK AT OUR HOMES.We need to segregate our waste and stop throwing polythene outside.

ECO BRICK – MEANING AND CONCEPT

An Eco Brick is a plastic bottle which is packed with used plastic to set density. These bricks are used for various items including furniture, garden walls, tree boundaries,tables and other structures. Eco –Bricks are produced mainly to combat the

ECO-BRICK – COMBATING PLASTIC WASTEAn initative by ParyavaranSanrakshanGatividhi

ECOLOGY

Ms. Niyati SharmaDelhi High Court Advocate.

Represents on media channels as a Political Analyst / Lawyer.Writes on social polticial issues

for various newspapers. Dedicated for the development of

underprivileged women and enviroment.

Media pramukh of RSS asWing of Paryavaran Sanrakshan




growing plastic waste problem. Every household can create their own ecobrick. Even throwing an eco-brick in garbage is useful as the polythene and plastic waste covering about 100 sqft area can be stuffed in a 1 litre bottle.Eco brick campaign in Dehradun aims to make an eco-brick park. ParyavaranSanrakshanGatividhihas launched the world largest ECO BRICK Campaign on October 2nd ,2020 where each household is encouraged to create eco brick to reduce their plastic waste pollution.We have less knowledge about how to reuse plastic and ECO BRICK is one of the steps taken to reuse the plastic waste. Management of plastic waste often starts at household and individual level.

When in Indian culture we recite, “losZHkoUrqlqfjou%” it becomes our responsibility to protect our surrounding.As each responsibility is different but not less then the other. Combatingplastic waste is the need of the hour.And we all have to become the environment warriors to obliterate this devil from the environment.

DO YOU KNOW?

• Every year 18 billion pounds of plastic seeps into ocean from coasts

• Scientists have found plastic bags at the bottom of the Mariana Trench 36000 feet below sea level.

• Eco-Bricks save the Earth from being infertile.

• Eco-Bricks are low energy solution to plastic.

• Eco-Bricks can be used to create furniture, wall boundaries, tree boundaries , table and other structures.

• Throwing eco-brick in garbage is also useful.

Environmental impactPlastic is a popular and highly versitile material, and we use a lot of

it. Optimising the lifespan of plastics by re-using and recycling items as many times as possible, for example, by recycling used plastic bottles into new ones, we can therefore reduce our need to create new plastic.This means we can:• conserve non-renewable fossil fuels (oil)• reduce the consumption of energy used in the production of new

plastic• reduce the amount of solid waste going to landfill• reduce emission of gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.How is it recycled?Plastics are:• Sorted by polymer type• Shredded• Washed

• Once sorted and cleaned, plastic can either be shredded into flakes or melt processed to form pellets before finally being moulded into new products.

Made from recycledThere is a wide range of products made from recycled plastic including:• refuse sacks and carrier bags• underground drainage systems for homes and national infrastructure• flower pots, seed trays, watering cans and water butts• wheel arch liners and bumpers on cars• damp proof membranes, guttering and window profiles used in

construction• reusable crates and pallets• wheel bins and food caddies• composters and wormeries• drinks bottles and food trays• polyester fabric for clothing.

• Melted• Pelletised• Made into new products.

It is a two-stage process:• Sorting is mainly done automatically with a manual sort to ensure all

contaminants have been removed

PLASTIC WASTE & RECYCLE



The book, Hindutva for the changing times, authored by J. Nandkumar, National Convenor of Prajna Pravah, a Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh’s affiliated organization, strongly resist those thoughts that intentionally put Hindutva under the communal frame. This book is not just the result of in-depth research, but it also reflects the empirical observations of the Author with different issues discussed therein. Hindutva, as he stated, refers to the [real] voice of all Indic ideas along with the nationalist actions, reflecting the world’s ancient civilization, i.e. Indian tradition. Hindutva also refers to the [sacred] cultural voice and reflects its political ramification on a broad scale, which has, undoubtedly, a great relevance that can not be ignored, unless purposively. He also criticized the historians who present Hindutva as a blend of communal tactics and myths, where it abducts individuals’ rights and liberty. Contrary to historians unsubstantiated statements, Nandkumar aptly remarks that how a [particular] group of historians have deliberately rejected Hindutva, merely because of their ideological devotions and commitment to ’breaking India’.

Meanwhile, for having an understanding of ’idea of India’, it became imperative to understand the Hindutva, not merely with religiosity, but a way of enlightening the thought which is worth of acceptance amongst all. Hinduism, as pointed out by many philosophers and theorists, against all negative propaganda by left intellectuals, is not an appropriate connotation to represent the actual worth of prized principle of Santana Dharma. Meanwhile, contrary to the left-liberal prejudices and materialist visions, Hindutva is spiritualistic and inclusive by nature.

Hinduism is therefore not a definite dogmatic creed, but a vast, complex, but subtly unified mast of spiritual thought and realization. Its tradition of the Godward endeavour of the human spirit has been continuously enlarging through the ages.

The theoretical significance of Hindutva, which is not merely a religion; it is an idea; it is a living tradition where many distinguish thoughts and beliefs, are contained within it. Contextually, India as a civilization always rise, and it cannot be circumscribed with any sort of limitations of Western conceptualized political discourse. Hindutva cannot be reduced to any Euro-centric ideals and approach, for instance, political, economic, socio-cultural, and historiography. Contrary to the Western discourse, Hindu Dharma, in the principles of Hindutva, seeks freedom of thought and expression, where Hinduism allows absolute freedom to the rational mind of man. The tenets of Hindutva never demand any undue restraint upon the release of human reason and political will of an individual.

Further, it does not impose its ideas on anyone to accept its empiricism and universality. Hindutva, as reported by many historians, has significant hold of accommodating and assimilating the dissent views, incompatible ideas and distinguish belief systems without distorting its metaphysical foundations. Meanwhile, while discussing the accepting nature of dissent views in Hinduism, he elaborately discussed the true democratic spirit in the practising the principles of Hinduism where Sri Aurobindo said, “…dharma is the basis of democracy which Asia must recognize, for in this lies the distinction between the soul of Asia and the soul of Europe”.

Understanding Hindutva with ’Right’ perspective!!

Review byShri Prashant Barthwal

Assist. Prof. Shri Aurobindo collage

J NandakumarNational Convener Prajna Pravah

Book Author




Meanwhile, political theorists have argued that multiculturalism which India has possessed is undoubtedly based on the dogmas of Western-oriented discourses. But, on the contrary, this book has elaborately discussed and proved this argument nonetheless as an “illusion” that rules over the entire nation since long. It has been argued that India, beyond all such doubt, possesses a deep underlying fundamental unity, far more profound than that produced either by geographical isolation or by political superiority. Further, it was assumed by many Indologists also, that this unity transcends the innumerable diversities of blood, colour, language, dress, manners, and sect. The notion of Rashtra, while discussing its significant elements Nandkumar includes the principle core of Dharma as mentioned in Vedas, contrary to the Western notion of natio or nation culture, has no symbiotic relationship with the Euro-centric connotation religion. Further, the concept of Rashtra, in the Indian context, has not emerged from any sort of political agitation and revolution, it does not depend on any political entity or material entity. Meanwhile, the Hindu attitude to the Vedas is one of trust tempered by criticism, faith because the beliefs and forms which helped our fathers are likely to be of use to us also; criticism because, however valuable the testimony of past ages may be, it cannot deprive the present generation of its right to inquire and sit the evidence.

This book, further, highlights the distinct forms of colonization that still exist in the Indian minds. Nandkumar has argued and further highlight the significant outline of what Koenraad Elst has already discussed in his The Argumentative Hindu, that it is a fact as well as a matter of wonder that sixty-five years after India attained her Independence, it still makes perfect sense to discuss decolonization. Meanwhile, the omnipresence of

the English language is the most visible factor of a permanently colonized condition, others are the total reliance on Western models in the institutions and in the human sciences. He urged that while countering this European hegemony over Indian minds, can we not call this pathetic condition as Anglo-mania were a significant cause of self-denigrating intellectualism of the educated classes in India? The criticism of Western-centric paradigms in education is only to unleash the grey side of the unquestionably maintained status quo over the Indian knowledge traditions where the Indian knowledge traditions have, undoubtedly, rich, vivid, and an ancient tradition in the elucidation and interpretation of texts.

The book is not just about to converse the Indian way to decolonize the mind somewhat it also combats against the Left’s propaganda where Nandkumar has deliberately made a separation of the false narrative of Kerala’s developmental model, issues of Bengal’s lost glory, and how Gandhi and Savarkar confront with Leftist propaganda, to which he countered with reality perhaps with reasons and logistics. Meanwhile, in Indian thought, the significant realm of Indian philosophy, i.e. Bhartiya Darshan was profoundly re-advent of how Abhinavagupta, the less-discussed and undervalued ancient Indian philosopher, explores the philosophical elements of Bhartiya Darshan where philosopher like him strongly believes that the concepts of Bhakti, arts and aesthetics, and Jnāna which are very relevant to understand the theoretical underpinnings of India’s philosophical traditions. Thus, Abhinavagupta brought all the underlying philosophies, and distinct steams of knowledge in Hindutva.

Widely reported by left historians who deliberately categorized Ambedkar entirely against the principles of Hinduism. Nandkumar, while knowing the fact that Ambedkar who was the champion of social justice and perhaps the messiah of Mahars or Dalits in India’s social hierarchical order. And, for this mechanism of the deliverance of the social justice, Nandkumar asserts the untouched and undiscussed part of his Ambedkar’s life, i.e. as a journalist where he introduced several journals and published newspapers like Mooknayak and Bahiskrit Bharat in 1920 and 1927 respectively. He also highlights the significant part of Ambedkar’s self-practice of journalism where Ambedkar’s critical account, undoubtedly, of India’s journalism is still relevant even today where he argued that- “journalism was never a profession in India. But now it has become a business. Its morality remains no more than soap-making. Now it does not recognize itself as a responsible advisor to the public…. Giving preference to sensation

"The notion of Rashtra, while discussing its significant elements Nandkumar includes the principle core of Dharma as mentioned in Vedas, contrary to the Western notion of natio or nation culture, has no symbiotic relationship with the Euro-centric connotation religion. Further, the concept of Rashtra, in the Indian context, has not emerged from any sort of political agitation and revolution, it does not depend on any political entity or material entity."



over the news, illogical comments over logical opinion, exciting the feelings of irresponsible people over touching the heart of the responsible people, etc., are common today”. He also raised Ambedkar’s critical views on the role of Islam and Christianity where Ambedkar, himself, firmly believes that conversion to Islam and Christianity indeed led as a factor that strongly contributes to the ’denationalization of Dalits’; thus, he vehemently ignored to be the part of Islam and Christianity.

Lastly, Hindutva for the changing times elaborately discussed some issues which suffice to bring emerging trends in Indian Politics. Even in the post-Independence India, which follows the same trend line what the alien rulers used to do- conquer the Indian Dharma, its culture and sacred principles of performing rituals and traditions. Nandkumar highlight the significance of India’s cultural practices in the form Sabrimala, Jalikattu, Ram Mandir, and others which was targeted by the, what Nandkumar has aptly remark them as ’Sinister’. He raised his strong objection against Court’s role in this religious matter where, as mentioned, the legal expert Arghya Sengupta wrote- “...courts of law are not moral guardians of society”. He also put his critical account against the

secular litigants and pseudo democrats for whom the dissent is fundamental rights but surprisingly became the serious crime when someone else uses it against them. This act was performed by the left goons in many parts of Kerala and Bengal while lynching the Sangh Swayamsevak’s and students. This situation is sufficed to prove Kerala’s developmental model as a massive failure who is not able to tolerate the dissent acts and this attacks on Swayamsevak’s are also an attack against the people of Kerala, against the sanctity of the intellectual tradition of the state itself. Conclusively, there is end number of allegations that (politico-religious) tolerance has increased its gear in the society after Modi’s second political term being as a Pradhan Sewak, i.e. PM where they repeatedly cried that the Narendra Modi has brought the severe threat to the secular fabric and democratic culture of India. Still, they are not aware of the citizen’s disposition who are supporting the Prime Minister and his initiatives both at the national and global level and above all Hinduism has nothing to do with religion and all those whose actual faith is still prevalent on its principle will follow the path of Dharma, against the adharmic practice of malign the sanctity of Indian culture and civilization, which has the sacredness of Indianness, i.e. Bhartiyata in it.

"He also raised Ambedkar’s critical views on the role of Islam and Christianity where Ambedkar, himself, firmly believes that conversion to Islam and Christianity indeed led as a factor that strongly contributes to the ’denationalization of Dalits’; thus, he vehemently ignored to be the part of Islam and Christianity."

"He also put his critical account against the secular litigants and pseudo democrats for whom the dissent is fundamental rights but surprisingly became the serious crime when someone else uses it against them. This act was performed by the left goons in many parts of Kerala and Bengal while lynching the Sangh Swayamsevak’s and students."

Swami Vivekanad was undubtedly a mighty Hindu and rejoiced over his Hindu heritage. No one worshipped Hinduism with more passionate adoration, no one grasped it with a more penetrating pecepectiveness and no more one propagated it with a more brillianat presentation. Everything in Hinduism, its rituals, its yogas, were accepted by him with glowing appreceation. What is distinctive in Hinduism, its origin independent of a historical founder, its doctrine of Karma, its theory of incarnations and even its idol-worship, received from him authentic and warm glorification. He literly did the miracle of Kaya-Kalpa to Hinduism and rejuvented it with added splendours. But Swami Vevekanada was nothing if not Veveka embodied. He was not blind to the encrustation of ages, the unwieldy mass of weaking customs and superstitions and more than all its social inadequacies. He had an explanation and historically speaking, a valid explanation. He maintainted in that there is an abiding core of Hinduism as enunciated in the primordial Vedas and more particularly the lofty Upnishads and Gita and there are transient and fluctuating codes of laws promulgated by the Smitritis in age after age. The latter have no unshakable and lasting authority. They serve their local and contemporary purpose and are superseded in the next epoch according to design. Thus Hinduism does not provide for a continuous process of change in its second order ordinance, while the fountain-head inspiration of the first order remains immutable and eternal.



fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku dh lk/kkj.k lHkk cSBd 03 vDVwcj ls 05 vDVwcj 2020 dks nqxkZorh gsejkt Vkg ljLorh fo|k efUnj] usg:uxj] xkft;kckn esa vè;{k Jh nqlh jked`".k jko dh vè;{krk esa lEiUu gqbZA

loZizFke fnoaxr dk;ZdrkZvksa] lektlsfo;ksa] dksjksuk dky esa lsokdk;Z djrs vius izk.kksa dk mRlxZ dj nsus okys dksjksuk ;ks)kvksa rFkk ekr``Hkfwe dh j{kkFkZ vius thou dk cfynku nsus okys gqrkRekvksa dks J)katfy vfiZr dh xbZA

egkea=h Jhjke vkjkodj th us xr l= dk okf"kZd dk;Z dk izfrosnu izLrqr fd;k] ftlesa l= 2019&20 esa fo|k Hkkjrh ls lac) lfefr;ksa ds dk;Z dh izxfr rFkk vk/kkjHkwr o vU; fo"k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr o"kZHkj dh xfrfof/k;ksa rFkk muds ek/;e ls izkIr miyfC/k;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k A

egkea=h }kjk 15 ls 17 ekpZ 2019 rd dq#{ks= esa lEiUu xr lk/kj.k lHkk dh cSBd dh dk;Zokgh dk okpu fd;k x;k] ftldh loZlEefr ls iqf"V dh xbZA

RkRi'pkr vf[ky Hkkjrh; ea=h Jh vouh'k HkVukxj us cSBd dh izLrkouk izLrqr djrs gq, vius mn~cks/ku esa dgk ^o"kZ Hkj esa nks ckj ge yksx vf[ky Hkkjrh; cSBdksa esa Hkkx ysrs gSa] ftlesa xr o"kZ ds dk;Z dh leh{kk rFkk vkxkeh dk;Z ;kstuk ij fopkj&foe'kZ djrs gSaA dksjksuk egkekjh ls mRiUu ladV dky esa vusd pqukSfr;k¡ gekjs le{k izdV gqbZ gSa] ftuesa izR;{k:i ls oSpkfjd foe'kZ ugha gks ikuk] lekt ds lHkh oxksZa o laLFkkuksa esa vkfFkZd ladV [kM+k gksuk ,oa fo|kFkhZoxZ dk 'kSf{kd xfrfof/k;ksa ls izR;{k:i ls dV tkuk izzeq[k gSA blds lkFk gh dqN vPNh ckrsa Hkh /;ku esa vkbZ gSaA dksjksuk&dky ds vUrxZr tks ladV mRiUu gqvk mlesa iwoZ Nk=ksa] vfHkHkkodksa] lfefr lnL;ksa rFkk vU; dk;ZdrkZvksa ds lg;ksx ls vusd lsokdk;Z fd, x,A lefopkjh laxBuksa ls Hkh lg;ksx izkIr gqvkA vkWuykbu Vhfpax ls yxHkx 70 izfr'kr rd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks f'k{k.k dk ykHk izkIr gqvkA LekVZQksu u gksus ij Hkh leL;k dk lek/kku fd;k x;kA gekjs fo|ky; rFkk lapkyu lfefr;k¡ Hkh vkRefuHkZjrk dh vksj vxzlj gqbZ gSaA iwoZ Nk=ksa dh iath;u la[;k esa o`f) gqbZ gS rFkk mudk lg;ksx Hkh izkIr gqvk gSA gesa dk;Z&foLrkj gsrq] iw.kZdkfydksa dh la[;k esa o`f) djuk] dk;ZdrkZ dh xq.koÙkk o lEidZ c<+kuk vko';d gSA* mUgksaus uohu jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ds ckjs esa foLr``r tkudkjh nh o lekt esa blds fo"k; esa vius dk;ZdrkZvksa ds }kjk fopkj&foe'kZ dj ldkjkRed okrkj.k cukus ij tksj fn;kA

f}rh; l= nks lewgksa esa lEiUu gqvkA igys lewg esa laxBu eaf=;ksa rFkk vU; nkf;Rooku izpkjdksa Uks Hkkx fy;k rFkk nwljs lewg esa 'ks"k lHkh dk;ZdrkZ FksA

f}rh; lewg esa v-Hkk- ea=h Jh vouh'k th us dk;ZdrkZvksa dh la[;k o`f) rFkk xq.koÙkk fodkl ij ppkZ djrs gq, dgk fd fo|kHkkjrh dk dk;Z pkj izdkj ds dk;ZdrkZvksa ds ek/;e ls lEiUu gksrk gSA 1- laxBu ea=h 2- x`gLFk dk;ZdrkZ ¼tks viuk futh O;olk; vFkok vU; dk;Z djrs gq, fo|kHkkjrh ds dk;Z gsrq le; nsrs gSa½ 3- iw.kZdkfyd dk;ZdrkZ ¼tks uhps Lrj ij dk;Z dks ys tkrs vkSj fØ;kUo;u djkrs gS½ 4- vodk'k izkIr@lsokfuo`Ùk dk;ZdrkZ ¼tks fo'ks"k fo"k;@izdYi ij dk;Z djrs gSa ½ A buesa ls rhljs vkSj pkSFks izdkj ds dk;ZdrkZ fo|kHkkjrh ds fopkj dks uhps fØ;kUo;u rd ys tkrs gSaA dk;ZdrkZ dk fu/kkZj.k nks Jsf.k;ksa ds dk;ksZa gsrq fd;k tkrk gS&1- lh/ks f'k{k.k ls tqM+s dk;ZdrkZA 2- oSpkfjd fpUru dks lekt esa igq¡pkus okys dk;ZdrkZA fo|kHkkjrh ds fopkj dks /kjkry rd igq¡pkus okys dk;ZdrkZvksa dh la[;k c<+uh pkfg;sA dk;ZdrkZvksa ds xq.koÙkk fodkl dh ;kstuk cukuh pkfg;sA

vf[ky Hkkjrh; v/;{k Jh Mh +jked`".k jko us ekxZn'kZu nsrs gq, dgk fd ;g fujUrj pyus okyh izfØ;k gSA vHkh pkj ih<+h ds dk;ZdrkZ gSa& 20 ls 30] 30 ls 45] 45 ls 60 vkSj 60 o"kZ ls vf/kd vk;q ds dk;ZdrkZA igys lewg ¼20&30½ dks dk;Z ls tksM+Ukk] nwljs lewg ¼30&45½ dks fodflr djuk] rhljs lewg ¼45&60½ dks dk;Z djuk vkSj pkSFks lewg ¼60 $½ dks vius vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij uhps ds rhukas lewgksa dk ekxZn'kZu djukA 35 o"kZ esa ;fn dk;ZdrkZ dk p;u gks tk,] rks og yEcs le; rd dk;Z djrk gSA

r`rh; l= esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; dks"kk/;{k Jh tSuiky tSu us fo|k Hkkjrh; dk l= 2018&19 rFkk l= 2019&20 dk vads{k.k izfrosnu lacaf/kr tkudkjh izLrqr dhA nksuksa o"kksZa ds vads{k.k izfrosnu dks loZlEefr ls Lohdkj fd;k x;kA blds i'pkr laLFkku ds l= 2020&21 ds vFkZ ladYi ij foLr`r ppkZ vkjEHk dh xbZ rFkk vFkZ ladYi dks ikfjr fd;k x;kA

prqFkZ ,oa iape l=ksa esa fo|kHkkjrh ds pkj vk;keksa dh ppkZ gqbZA bl l= esa v-Hkk- laxBu ea=h ek- ts-,e- dk'khifr th ekxZn'kZu djrs gq, pkj vk;keksa ds dk;Z dh fn'kk vkSj dk;Z o`f+) gsrq dk;ZdrkZvksa ls vius fopkj j[kus dks dgkA dk;ZdrkZvksa us vusd lq>ko fn,A

laLd`fr cks/k ifj;kstuk dh tkudkjh laLFkku ds lfpo Jh

vf[ky Hkkjrh; lk/kkj.k lHkk cSBd xkft;kckn esa lEiUu



vouh'k HkVukxj us nhA

vf[ky Hkkjrh; la;kstd iwoZ Nk= ifj"kn~~ MkW- iadt 'kekZ us tkudkjh nsrs gq, crk;k fd iwoZ Nk= iksVZy ij iath;u nks yk[k rd gks pqdk gSA fnukad 28] 29 fnlEcj] 2019 dks vk;ksftr iwoZ Nk= lEesyu] gSnjkckn dh foLr`r tkudkjh lnu ds le{k j[kh x;h rFkk lg ljdk;Zokg ek- nÙkk th gkslcys }kjk lEesyu ds ohfM;ks dk foekpu Hkh fd;k x;kA iwoZ Nk= iksVZy ij fo|ky; 11]233 o iwoZNk= 200]883 gaS A

vf[ky Hkkjrh; laxBu ea=h ekuuh; ts +,e + dk'khifr th us dgk fd iwoZ Nk=ksa dh iath;u dh la[;k dks vkSj c<+kuk pkfg;s rFkk lekt dh fofHkUu xfrfof/k;ksa ls iwoZNk=ksa dks tksM+uk pkfg,A i;kZoj.k laj{k.k gsrq iwoZNk=ksa dks tksM+ dj ifj.kkedkjh dk;Z [kM+s djuk pkfg;sA iwoZNk=ksa ds }kjk lekt dk usr`Ro gksA x``fg.kh iwoZ Nk=kvksa dk lewg Hkh rS;kj djuk pkfg;sA

vf[ky Hkkjrh; mikè;{k MkW- jek feJk us fØ;k'kks/k ds ckjs esa us tkudkjh nhA mÙkj {ks= ds egkea=h Jh ns'kjkt 'kekZ us crk;k fd iatkc izkUr esa cPpksa dks fo|ky; Hkstus lEcU/kh vfHkHkkodksa ds vfHker tkuus ds fy, losZ{k.k fd;k x;kA vfHkHkkodksa ls 12 iz'u iwNs x,A 106 fo|ky;ksa ls 9000 er izkIr gq,A esjB izkar ds laxBu ea=h Jh riu dqekj us crk;k fd esjB izkUr esa 80 fo|ky;ksa esa 13366 vfHkHkkodksa dk rhu oxksZa ¼izkFkfed] twfu;j] lhfu;j½ losZ fd;k x;k A

vf[ky Hkkjrh; egkea=h Jhjke vkjkodj th }kjk "k"B l= esa fu/kkZfjr fo"k;ksa fo}r~ ifj"kn~~ lnL;] lefopkjh laxBu] iqLrd ys[kd] f'k'kq f'k{kk losZ{k.k] dk;ZdrkZ;qä xzke@okMZ rFkk cksMZ ds ijh{kk ifj.kke ij ppkZ dh xbZ o izkUrkuqlkj tkudkjh ek¡xus ij izkUrksa izeq[kksa }kjk tkudkjh myC/k djokbZ xbZA uohu l= gsrq vius vf/kdka'k izkUrksa esa f'k'kqokfVdk losZ{k.k djk;k x;kA xzkeksa@okMksZa rFkk dk;ZdrkZvksa dh lwph ds lEcU/k esa Hkh tkudkjh yh xbZA vkWuykbu f'k{k.k ds lkFk&lkFk cLrh@xzke@eksgYyk ikB'kkyk rFkk pkSiky vkfn ij f'k{k.k vf/kdka'k izkUrksa esa gqvk gSA

vf[ky Hkkjrh; fo"k; la;kstdksa dh nks fnolh; cSBd fnukad 01 o 02 vDVwcj] 2020 dks xkft;kckn esa gh lEiUu gqbZ] ftldh tkudkjh ek- egkea=h th }kjk nh xbZA cSBd esa 16 fo"k; la;kstdksa us xr l= esa vius fo"k; dk izxfr izfrosnu ,oa vkxkeh dk;Z;kstuk izLrqr dhA

lIre l= esa lh +ch +,l +bZ +ds la;qDr funs'kd Mk- izKk flag us vuqHkotU; f'k{k.k ,oa dyk ,dhdj.k (Experiencial Learning

& Art Integration) ij vius fopkj ikoj&ikWb.V&izts.Vs'ku ds

ek/;e ls izLrqr fd,A

v"Ve l= esa nqxkZorh gsejkt Vkg ljLorh fo|k efUnj ds Nk=ksa o vkpk;ksZa }kjk vUrfoZ"k;h v/;;u ds iz;ksx dk ukV~;fof/k }kjk izn'kZu fd;k x;kA

vf[ky Hkkjrh; lglaxBu ea=h ek- xksfcUn egUr us uoe l= esa xq.kkRed fodkl ,oa vU; fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ dhA ppkZ eas tkudkjh nsrs gq, crk;k fd fo|kHkkjrh }kjk foxr dqN eghuksa ls bZ&ikB'kkyk dk lapkyu fd;k tk jgk gSA ftlls vusd vkpk;Z ,oa fo|kFkhZ ykHkkfUor gks jgs gSaA bl IkkB'kkyk esas eksckby ds ek/;e ls tqM+k tk ldrk gSA blds fy;s xwxy IysLVksj (Google Playstore) ls xwxy d{kkd{k (Google Classroom) MkmuyksM dj ldrs gSaA

v-Hkk- laxBu ea=h ek- ts +,e +dk'khifr th us vkxzg fd;k fd lHkh dk;ZdrkZvksa dks ^?kj gh fo|ky;* iqLrd i<+uk pkfg;sA f'k'kqokfVdk dh 12 O;oLFkk,¡] fØ;k&dyki ¼thou ds ?kfu"Bre vuqHko½ ds vuq:i ekrkvksa dk izf'k{k.k gksuk pkfg;sA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ds Qkm.Ms'ku Hkkx dk bl lUnHkZ esa v/;;u djsaA bl dk;Z ds fy;s izR;sd izkUr ls 2&3 dk;ZdrkZ yxus pkfg;sA f'k'kqokfVdk ds lkFk d{kk 1 o 2 dks Hkh tksM+uk gSA

vf[ky Hkkjrh; ea=h ekuuh; MkW + f'kodqekj 'kekZ us vU; ns'kksa esa fo|kHkkjrh ds dk;Z dh fLFkfr dh tkudkjh nh] mUgksaus crk;k fd 13 flrEcj 2020 dks fo|k Hkkjrh Qkm.Ms'ku ;w-,l-,- dh vkWuykbu cSSBd lEiUu gqbZA fons'k esa fuokljr fo|kHkkjrh ds 623 iwoZNk= iksVZy ij iathd`r gaSA vesfjdk esa 257 iwoZNk= lEidZ esa gSaA ogk¡ ds yksxksa us lEidZ izkjEHk fd;k x;k gSa] laxBukRed lajpuk fuekZ.k djus dk iz;kl gks jgk gSA dksjksuk egkekjh esa ykWdMkmu ds vUrxZr pkj djksM+ :i;s dh lgk;rk jkf'k izkIr gqbZ gSA

vVy fVadfjax iz;ksx'kkyk ls lEcaf/kr tkudkjh nsrs gq, Jh f'ko dqekj 'kekZ us crk;k fd ^fo|kHkkjrh ds 1452 fo|ky;ksa esa ATL lapkfyr gSA xro"kZ 386 ubZ iz;ksx'kkyk,¡ cuh gSaA tuojh 2020 esa 149 iz;ksx'kkyk,¡ dks vuqefr izkIr gqbZ gSA ATL ds Nk=ksa }kjk 17 iz;ksx isVs.V ds fy;s Hksts x;s gSaA ftuesa ls 03 iz;ksx Qkbuy lwph esa igqaps gSaA*

vf[ky Hkkjrh; izpkj Vksyh ds lgla;kstd Jh jfo dqekj us izpkj foHkkx dh tkudkjh nsrs gq, crk;k fd jk"Vªh; f'k{kk csolkbV ekpZ 2019 esa cuhA vHkh bl ij 200 ys[k miyC/k gaSA csolkbV ij rhu ys[k izfrfnu viyksM fd;s tkrs gSaA flrEcj 2020 rd bl csolkbV dks 8500 yksxksa us ns[kkA Content dks Lo;a Hkh i<+uk rFkk vius fopkj okyksa dks Hkh Hkstuk pkfg;sA ys[k Hkh Hksts tk ldrs gSaA

ek- tSuiky tSu us dkS'ky fodkl ds vUrxZr crk;k fd tu



f'k{k.k laLFkku] dkS'ky fodkl ea=ky; dh ,d ;kstuk gSA ftlesa fdlh Hkh jftLVMZ lfefr dks dkS'ky fodkl dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds lapkyu gsrq izfro"kZ 40 yk[k :i;s dk vkfFkZd lg;ksx izkIr gksrk gSA n{k Hkkjrh us ^fo'odekZ ,i* cuk;k gSA blesa izf'k{k.k lkexzh Hkh miyC/k gSA dkS'ky fodkl ds lUnHkZ esa Skill Maping dh tkuh pkfg,A

lekiu l= esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; ea=h Jh czzãkth jko us xkft;kckn esa 03 ls 05 vDVwcj 2020 rd vk;ksftr lk/kkj.k lHkk dh rhu fnu ds cSBd dh dk;Zokgh dh laf{kIr tkudkjh nhA mUgksaus crk;k fd lk/kkj.k lHkk laf{kIr o lknxhiw.kZ jghA blesa lHkk LFky ij izR;{k:i ls 83 dk;ZdrkZ rFkk 135 dk;ZdrkZ vizR;{k:i ¼vkWuykbu½ esa mifLFkr jgsA

jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod ds lg ljdk;Zokg ek- nÙkkth gkslcksys th vius lekiu mn~cks/ku esa dgk fd vko';drk gh vfo"dkj dh tuuh gS] ;g bl dksjksuk dky esa n`f"Vxr gqvk gSA dfBu ls dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh vPNk dk;Z djus dk ge lHkh dk LoHkko gSA ;g vusd o"kksZa dh lk/kuk dk ifj.kke gSA bl ykWdMkmu dh vof/k esa lkekU; fLFkfr ls Hkh vf/kd dk;Z fd;s x;sA iwjs ns'k esa mYys[kuh; lsokdk;Z fd;s x;sA ykWdMkmu ds ckn lkekU; fLFkfr gksus ij Hkh vkxs vius dk;Z i)fr esa] yksd O;ogkj esa ,oa yksxksa ds lkspus ds rjhdksa esa ifjorZu vk;saxsA gesa mlds vuq:i dk;Z ;kstuk ij fopkj djuk gksxkA

ladVdky ds vUrxZr lekt esa lsokHkko c<+k gS] lekt dk lsok dk ;g Hkko LFkk;h cuk jgs] bl gsrq ls gesa iz;kl djuk pkfg,A foifÙk dky esa Mj vf/kd gksuk ;k Mj fcYdqy ugha gksuk] ;g nksuks gh Bhd ugha gSaA

f'k{k.k esa vkxs Hkh vkWuykbu dk lek;kstu cuk, j[kuk pkfg,A ns'kHkfä dk Hkko txk gS] yksxksa us jänku Hkh fd;k gS] lekt thou esa LoPNrk vkbZ gS] lkFk cSBus dh vknr] i;kZoj.k lqj{kk]

Lons'kh viukuk] lkekftd lejlrk vkfn vko';d ckrsa O;ogkj esa vkbZa gaSA ;s lc vkxs Hkh cuh jguh pkfg,A gekjs dk;ZdrkZvksa ds ekè;e ls dqVqEc izcks/ku] lkekftd lejlrk] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ,oa lao/kZu tSls fo"k; gekjs vkpj.k esa ifjyf{kr gksuk pkfg;sA

Jhjke tUeHkwfe ij jkeyyk ds HkO; efUnj dk fuekZ.k VªLV ds ek/;e ls gksxkA bl gsrq ls fgUnq lekt ls /ku ds lg;ksx dk vkokg~u Hkh gksxkA blfy;s ge ns'k esa vf/kdkf/kd xk¡oksa esa lEidZ dh ;kstuk djsaA yxHkx pkj yk[k ls vf/kd xk¡oksa esa lEidZ djuk gSA vr% ge Hkh bldh ;kstuk cuk,¡ vkSj lHkh fgr/kkjdksa ls ckr djsaA fo|kHkkjrh laxBu Hkh bl iquhr dk;Z esa lgHkkxh o lg;ksxh cusA

Narratives Set djus ij ppkZ gqbZ gSA bl n`f"V ls Hkkjrh; fo}kuks us D;k dgk gS\] bls vkxs c<+kuk pkfg;sA foe'kZ dks Hkkjrh; n`f"V ls dSls cnyuk] bl ij /;ku nsukA Art Integration dk Hkh Hkkjrh; fpUru dks /;ku esa j[kdj gks] bl fo"k; ij ppkZ djsaA

vf[ky Hkkjrh; v/;{k ekuuh; nqlh- jked`".k jko us vius v/;{kh; mn~cks/ku esa dgk fd vkink vkus ij vkin~/keZ dk ikyu djuk iM+rk gSA ladYiflf) ds dkj.k fØ;kflf) izdV gksrh gSA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ds lUnHkZ esa vusd O;k[;ku gq,A lHkh fgr /kkjdksa ls okrkZ,¡ dh xbZaA blds dkj.k rVLFk jgus okys yksx lehi vk, vkSj fuf"Ø; ls lfØ; gq, rFkk vuqdwy okrkoj.k rS;kj gqvkA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ds ykxw gksus ij Ldwyh f'k{kk ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA gekjs vk/kkjHkwr fo"k; lekt dks fn'kk nsus okys gSaA lekt Hkh rS;kj gS] gesa viuk eu rS;kj djuk gSA gesa ;g iz;kl djuk gksxk fd vfHkHkkod dh ekufld rS;kjh cPps ds xq.koÙkk fodkl gsrq gksA dk;ZdrkZvksa dk izokl fo|ky; dsfUnzr gksA fo|ky;ksa dh etcwrh dh n`f"V ls gj ekg esa ,d izokl gksuk pkfg;sA iwoZNk=ksa dks tksM+us dk dk;Z Hkh lrr~ pyrs jguk pkfg;sA lHkh dk;ksZa esa ge iz;ksx'khy cuas] ,slh vis{kk gSA

'kkfUr ea= ds lkFk lHkk dk foltZu gqvkA

fo|k Hkkjrh ds mÙkjiwoZ {ks= ¼fcgkj&>kj[kaM½ ds uohu {ks=h; inkf/kdkfj;kas dk nkf;Ùo

fo|k Hkkjrh ds mÙkjiwoZ {ks= ¼fcgkj&>kj[kaM½ ds uohu {ks=h; inkf/kdkfj;kas dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA u, {ks=h; vè;{k MkW +jathr dqekj oekZ th] dqyifr eqaxsj fo'ofo|ky; o jktHkou lykgdkj lfefr ds lnL; gSaA {ks=h; ea=h Jh jkevorkj ujlfj;k th cus gSaA os >kj[akM izkar ds izkarh; ea=h Hkh gSA Jh fnyhi dqekj >k th ds lsokfuo``fÙk ds ckn Jh eqds'k uanu th ;ksx fo"k; ds iwoZ vf[ky Hkkjrh; lg la;kstd o orZeku esa fo|k fodkl lfefr >kj[kaM ds lfpo gS] budks {ks=h; lfpo dk nkf;Ùo feyk gSA {ks=h; lglfpo dk nkf;Ùo Jh xksis'k ?kks"k th dks feyk gSA yksd f'k{kk lfefr fcgkj ds lg lfpo Jh vt; dqekj frokjh dks >kj[kaM izkar ds lg lfpo dk nkf;Ùo feyk gSA Hkkjrh f'k{kk lfefr ds lg lfpo Jh izdk'kpUnz tk;loky th lfpo cus gSaA



fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku dh lk/kkj.k lHkk cSBd&xkft;kckn esa izxfr izfrosnu j[krs egkea=h Jh Jhjke vkjkodj th

fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku dh vf[ky Hkkjrh; lk/kkj.k lHkk&cSBd] xkft;kckn esa mn~cks/ku nsrs gq, ek +nÙkk=s; gkslcksys th

fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku dh lk/kkj.k lHkk cSBd&xkft;kckn esa eapklhu vf/kdkjh&o`Un



RNI NO. 37111/1981dqy izdkf’kr i`”B 68ISSN 2395 - 6267

izdk’kd ,oa eqnzd % Jhjke vkjkodj ds }kjk fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku ¼Lokeh½ ds fy, tsfufll fizaVj] lh 74] vks[kyk b.MLVªh;y ,fj;k] Qsl&1] ubZ fnYyh&110020 ¼izsl½ ls eqfnzr ,oa izKk lnu] th +,y +Vh + ljLorh cky eafnj ifjlj] usg: uxj] ubZ fnYyh&110065 ¼izdk”ku LFky½ ls izdkf”krA lEiknd&MkW +yfyr fcgkjh xksLokeh

fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkjrh; f'k{kk laLFkku ykWd Mkmu ds vUrxZr fd, x, lfefr;ksa ds ek/;e ls lsok dk;ksZa ds fp=kadu

fgUnw f'k{kk lfefr gfj;k.kk ds iwoZ Nk=ksa }kjk lsok

ljLorh fo|k eafnj ukScriqj] fcgkj }kjk lsok dk;Z

ljLorh fo|k eafnj nqEek nso?kj ds }kjk nok dk forj.k

ljLorh f'k{kk ifj"kn~ egkdkS'ky izkar dh lsok

vkn'kZ fo|k eafnj Mwaxjiqj jktLFkku }kjk lsok dk;Z

vkn'kZ fo|k eafnj] lkSj ySEi dk forj.k dh lsok

ljLorh mPprj ek +fo|ky; e-iz- }kjk [kk| lkexzh forj.k

ljLorh fo|k eafnj jktxhj }kjk [kk| lkexzh forj.k

vkf’ou ls ekxZ’kh”kZ] foØeh laor~ 2077] ;qxkCn 5122

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