7. WocheQuasikristalleW. Steurer
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Transcript of 7. WocheQuasikristalleW. Steurer
7. Woche Quasikristalle W. Steurer
Zeitplan
1.-4. Woche IonenkristallePerowskit
kovalente anorganische VerbindungenZeolitheDLS (Geometrie optimierung)
intermetallische Verbindungen
5.-6. Woche Pulverdiffraktometrie
7.-15. Woche organische Kristallchemie und B. SchweizerStrukturdatenbanken
Anorganische Kristallchemie
Kristallchemie und Kristallstrukturdatenbanken
Pulverdiffraktometrie
Einkristall Strukturanalyse
Strukturanalyse mittels Pulverdaten
Kristallchemie in der StrukturanalyseModellbauSimulated annealingEvolutionäre AlgorithmenFOCUSCharge flipping
3-dimensionale, 4-fach verknüpfte Gerüststruktur
FOCUS
Zeolithe
Zeolithe3-dimensionale, 4-fach verknüpfte Gerüststruktur
Eckenverknüpfte TO4 Tetraeder
FOCUS
O-Si-O 109.5˚
Si-O-Si 145˚
bekannte T-O Bindungslängen, O-T-O und T-O-T Winkel
Si-O 1.61 Å
FOCUS
Zeolithe3-dimensionale, 4-fach verknüpfte GerüststrukturEckenverknüpfte TO4 Tetraeder
convergence?
framework search
yesno
FOCUS approximate unit cell contentsindividual minimum distancesselected reflection intensities
electron density map
peak searchassignment of atoms by
peak heightminimum distances
assignment of atoms to largest
fragment
new phase set
starting phases
framework classification
histogram
FOCUS approximate unit cell contentsindividual minimum distancesselected reflection intensities
AlPO-ZON
a 14.548 Åb 15.301 Åc 16.629 Å
Raumgruppe Pbca
Chemische Zusammensetzung |(RF)x|[Al32P32O128]
Al - AlAl - PP - P
V = 3956 Å3
16 T-Atomepro 1000 Å3
Al - OP - O
3.1 Å
2.7 Å2.6 Å
1.4 Å
2.3 Å
1.6 Å
O - O
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
AlPO-ZONa = 14.548 Å, b = 15.301 Å, c = 16.629 ÅPbca
convergence?
framework search
yesno
FOCUS approximate unit cell contentsindividual minimum distancesselected reflection intensities
electron density map
peak searchassignment of atoms by
peak heightminimum distances
assignment of atoms to largest
fragment
new phase set
starting phases
framework classification
histogram
Peak-Positionen und -Höhen
convergence?
framework search
yesno
FOCUS approximate unit cell contentsindividual minimum distancesselected reflection intensities
electron density map
peak searchassignment of atoms by
peak heightminimum distances
assignment of atoms to largest
fragment
new phase set
starting phases
framework classification
histogram
Atome durch Peakhöhe undmiminale Abstände zugeordnet
convergence?
framework search
yesno
FOCUS approximate unit cell contentsindividual minimum distancesselected reflection intensities
electron density map
peak searchassignment of atoms by
peak heightminimum distances
assignment of atoms to largest
fragment
new phase set
starting phases
framework classification
histogram
Atome durch grösstes Fragment zugeordnet
Atome durch grösstes Fragment zugeordnet
new phase set
assignment of atoms by
peak heightminimum distances
assignment of atoms to largest
fragment
Elektronendichte
Strukturfaktor
Streufaktor
berechnete Phasen
gemessene Amplituden
convergence?
framework search
yesno
FOCUS approximate unit cell contentsindividual minimum distancesselected reflection intensities
electron density map
peak searchassignment of atoms by
peak heightminimum distances
assignment of atoms to largest
fragment
new phase set
starting phases
framework classification
histogram
Gerüst-Klassifikation
Wie kann man ein Gerüst eindeutig erkennen?
4 9 16 25
Coordination sequence
Loop configuration
Vertex symbol
37 53 73 96 120 145
4 · 4 · 4 · 6 · 6 · 12
ElementarzelleRaumgruppe P41212 P42/ncma 9.8837 Å 9.8946 Åc 73.6505 Å 36.8715 Å
P4121
2
VPI-9
Chemische ZusammensetzungOriginal
K4Rb20[Si48Zn12O120]·64H2ONH4-ausgetauscht
(NH4)24[Si48Zn12O120]·64H2O
Daten Original NH4-ausgetauscht
Synchrotron SNBL an ESRF SNBL an ESRFWellenlänge 0.99995 Å 0.94734 Å
73.6505 Å
VPI-9 - FOCUS Input
Raumgruppe P42/ncm
Elementarzelle a 9.8946 Åb 36.8715 Å
Atome / EZ Zn (4-fach verknüpft) 12 12Si (4-fach verknüpft) 44 48O (brückend) 112 120
minimale Abstände Zn - O 1.7 Å Zn - Si2.9 Å
Si - O 1.5 Å Zn - Zn 4.0 ÅO - O 2.3 Å Si - Si 2.9 Å
Reflexe 258Gerüst-Typen gefunden (übernacht) 1356
(ein Typ 102 Mal gefunden)
Histogramm der Gerüst-Typen
Gerüst-Typen
wahrscheinlichster Gerüst-Typ
VPI-9
Gerüststruktur mit 7 (Si,Zn) pro asymmetrische Einheit
Rubidium Zinkosilikat VPI-912 Si, 3 Zn, 30 O, 9 Rb, 2 K und 3 H2O pro asymmetrische Einheit
VPI-9
Kristallchemie und Kristallstrukturdatenbanken
Pulverdiffraktometrie
Einkristall Strukturanalyse
Strukturanalyse mittels Pulverdaten
Kristallchemie in der StrukturanalyseModellbauSimulated annealingEvolutionäre AlgorithmenFOCUSCharge flipping
assign random phases
flip sign of ed < δ
Fourier transform
R-value(|Fhkl(calc)| vs |Fhkl(obs)|
combine
|Fhkl(obs)|
with
φhkl(calc)
Charge Flipping
|Fhkl(obs)|
δ (ed threshold for flipping)phase shifts for weak reflections?
electron density map
perturbed electron density map
|Fhkl(calc)|φhkl(calc)
Oszlányi, G. and Sütõ, A. (2004). Acta Cryst. A60, 134-141Oszlányi, G. and Sütõ, A. (2005). Acta Cryst. A61, 1347-1352
|Fhkl(obs)|
δ (ed threshold for flipping)phase shifts for weak reflections?
|Fhkl(obs)| with overlap groups
δ (ed threshold for flipping)phase shifts for weak reflections?
repartitioning after n cycleselectron density histogram
assign random phases
flip sign of ed < δ
Fourier transform
R-value
combine
|Fhkl(obs)|
with
φhkl(calc)
electron density map
perturbed electron density map
|Fhkl(calc)|φhkl(calc)
yes no
histogram matching
modified electron density map
Fourier transform
|Fhkl(calc)|φhkl(calc)
repartitionoverlappingreflections
new|Fhkl(obs)|
n cycles?
Charge Flipping(powder)
12 Å
8 Å
5 Å
Electronendichte alle ¼ Å
48 x 32 x 20 = 30720 points
Histogram matching
Histogram matching
Elektronendichte Werte nach Intensität ordnenListe in 50 Bereiche aufteilenDurchschnittsdichte pro Bereich rechnen
typischer Zeolith
Karte nach ein paar Zyklen Charge Flipping
Powder Charge Flipping[Zr12P16O60(OH)4F8]
Powder Charge Flipping[Zr12P16O60(OH)4F8]