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CIGVHLIKEKGN JVNE]NV JHHM HV ANWWNV N\IA8

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6449 Fvi}}e E~jwf~vj

Eaa vij`}w vnwnv|nm+ Kh tev} hl }`iw t~faige}ihk cey fn vntvhm~gnm! w}hvnm ik e vn}vin|ea

wyw}nc! hv }vekwci}}nm ik eky lhvc! hv fy eky cnekw! nang}vhkig! cng`ekigea!

t`h}hghtyikj! vnghvmikj hv h}`nvziwn! zi}`h~} }`n tvihv tnvciwwihk ik zvi}ikj! lvhc

}`n e~}`hv+

IWFK 9:0 94 0

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CIGVHLIKEKGN JVNE]NV JHHM HV ANWWNV N\IA8

MIWWNV]E]IHK

]h hf}eik }`n mnjvnn hl Mhg}hve}n e} }`n Ceew}vig`} ^ki|nvwi}y!

hk }`n e~}`hvi}y hl }`n Vng}hv Cejkilig~w Tvhl+ mv+ J+T+C+L+ Chaw

ik egghvmekgn zi}` }`n mngiwihk hl }`n Fhevm hl Mnekw

}h fn mnlnkmnm ik t~faig hk Znmknwmey 69 Etvia 6449! e} 56+44 `h~vw+

fy

Fvi}}e E~jwf~vj

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W~tnv|iwhvw? Tvhl+ Mv+ G`viw+ Mn Kn~fh~vj

Tvhl+ Mv+ Hveih E}}ekewih! ^ki|nvwi}y Ghaanjn Ahkmhk! ^B

Ewwnwwcnk} Ghcci}}nn? Tvhl+ Mv+ Tinvvn Ch`knk (g`eivcek)

Tvhl+ Mv+ ]`hcew Mh`cnk

Tvhl+ Ncnvi}~w Ceaghac @evtnv (Gveklinam ^ki|nvwi}y ,

\iwi}ikj Tvhl+ Kh}}ikj`ec ]vnk} ^ki|nvwi}y)

Tvhl+ Mv+ A~g A+J+ Whn}n

Tvhl+ Mv+ Onek#Tinvvn ^vfeik

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Egbkhzanmjcnk}w

]ìw miwwnv}e}ihk iw }`n vnw~a} hl }`vnn ynevw zhvb (kh} gh~k}ikj eaa }è} anm ~t }hw}ev}ikj i})+ ]`vnn ynevw hl zhvb! z`nvn zhvb iw }`n eaa#ncfvegikj zhvm lhv zhvb!aniw~vn! whgiea ailn ekm wannt (ynw! wannt # e T`M ik|ha|nw ceky mvnecw ekmkij`}cevnw)+ ]ìw wyk}`nwiw cebnw i} |nvy millig~a} }h egbkhzanmjn n|nvy tnvwhk }è}èm ikla~nkgn hk }`n tvhgnww ekm }`n vnw~a}+ F~}! I zek} }h mh wh ekm ziaa }`nvnlhvn ji|n~t hk }`n imne hl fnikj fvinl+ I zek} }h }naa }`n w}hvy hl cy T`M ekm egbkhzanmjneahkj }`n zey }`hwn }è} cemn i} thwwifan+

I mhk} }ìkb I zh~am è|n n|nv ghkwimnvnm zvi}ikj e miwwnv}e}ihk il i} èmk} fnnk lhv}`n w~tthv} hl cy cew}nv }`nwiw w~tnv|iwhv OT ^vfeik lhv cn! e vhan#chmna egemncig%Il `n mimk} }ìkb }è} mhikj e T`M zew e jhhm imne lhv cn! I mhk} }ìkb I zh~am è|nmhkn i}%

G`viw mn Kn~fh~vj! je|n cn }`n thwwifiai}y }h ohik }`n Wg`hha hl Jh|nvkekgn ekmeww~vikj cn }è} I zh~am kh} è|n }h fn ik Ceew}vig`} eaa }`n }icn (tvhfefay kh}vneaiikj e} }è} thik} `hz ai}}an }icn I zh~am eg}~eaay wtnkm }`nvn }ve|naaikj wh c~g`}è} I ec wnvih~way ghkwimnvikj }h vnm~gn }`n ech~k}% cn hl eaa)+ F~}! I EAZEYWah|nm ghcikj fegb }h Ceew}vig`}% Ekm }è} efh|n eaa fnge~wn }`n Wg`hha hl

Jh|nvkekgn iw w~g` e wtngiea taegn zi}` wtngiea tnhtan% Fn i} fnge~wn }`ny vekn|nvy}ìkj wchh}ày! `natnm zi}` emcikiw}ve}i|n w}~ll! bnt} gebn wnwwihkw jhikj(Gnaikn! W~wek! Gèvah}}n! Veaay! Oekknbn)! fnge~wn }`ny znvn }`nvn }h ekwznvu~nw}ihkw! vnem ekm ghccnk} hk whcn hl cy }ìkjw! w~tthv} tvhong} imnew (Cikmna ekmLvekiwbe) hv fnge~wn }`ny èm i} eaa ~kmnv ghk}vha (Cinbn ekm Ekkncevin)+ Wh~kmwaibn zhcnk v~k }`n wg`hha ekm }`ny mh f~} }`ny hl gh~vwn è|n e jvne} fhww% Kh}}h lhvjn} }`n w}~mnk} ewwiw}ek}w ekm ik}nvkw% Ekm hl gh~vwn }`n w}~mnk}w hl zìg`! 57cemn cy T`M+ Ik fvinl?

Fiekge }`n hkn hl }`n }zh z`h jh} a~gby e} Nnw FFU! z`h lh~j`} `nv zey }`vh~j`zikmhzw ekm tvhthweaw+

Mnkiwe }`n hkn zi}` z`hc i} eaa w}ev}nm ~k}ia I ch|nm h~} hl h~v wèvnm hllignf~} z`h ae}nv ch|nm ik}h cy `nev}+

Lahviek }`n hkn }è} iw }`n hkay Eafekiek I bkhz f~} I gekkh} icejikn }è} }`nvn iwhkn zi}` e fn}}nv `~chv }èk ìc%

Lvinme }`n hkn }è} iw h~v Lvinme! vnm#zikn! gijevn}}n ekm l~k% (I bkhz i} eazeywleianm fnge~wn hl cn f~} I w}iaa zek} }h jh hk }è} |ege}ihk zi}` yh~%%)

@eh }`n hkn hl z`hc zn ~kmnvw}ekm }è} w`n aibnw liw` f~} hl z`hc zn mhk}~kmnvw}ekm zè} w`n zhvbw hk

Onwwige }`n hkn }è} tvh|nm Jhw}e zvhkj }`nvn iw kh fefy#w`hv}ejn%

Aike }`n hkn z`h wèvnw cy è}#nk}`~wiewc (fn i} ik V~wwie hv gvne}i|n ik Ceew}vig`})

Cnaiwwe }`n hkn z`h bkhzw i} eaa cy hllign#ce}n! `h~wn#ce}n! mekgikj#ce}n!v~kkikj#ce}n! }vie}àhk#ce}n! jhwwit#ce}n! zhvbikj#ce}n! hvjekie}ihk#ce}n!

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ynw! I gek mh i}#ce}n cy mnevnw} lvinkm% (ekm }`n wnghkm hkn z`h jh} a~gbye} Nnw FFU)

]`n Cnpigekw }`n chw} eceikj gh~tan! z`hwn znmmikj I ciwwnm zìg` I w}iaa mimkh} lhvji|n cywnal+

Cigèa }`n hkn z`h lanm z`nk thwwifan f~} zew }`nvn ahkj nkh~j` }h fn eazeyw ejhhm ik}nvahg~}hv z`nk i} gecn }h jhwwit (o~w} aibn }è}! h|nv e fnnv! hv ceyfnn|nk h|nv e np}vncnay ynaahz w`h} ik }`n hllign)

Tewgea }`n hkn z`hc I iki}ieaay }`h~j`} }h fn wh Jnvcek f~} z`h iwk} n|nk t~kg}~ea%(ekm z`h iw }`n wnghkm }vie}àhk#ce}n%)

_ike # }`n hkn z`h wnncw }h è|n ai|nm }`vh~j` eaa }`n w}~timl~kky }ìkjw I è|n fnnk }`vh~j` ekm zew (ekm hf|ih~way iw) }`nvnlhvn eazeyw }`n chw} eceikjaiw}nknv zi}` }`n fnw} em|ign e} èkm zìg` `natnm cn e ah}%% (}ìw fewigeaay}vekwae}nw ik}h fnikj ek eceikj lvinkm%)2 ekm }`n hkn lvhc z`hc I bkhz eaaefh~} fnikj e c~c ekm eaa efh~} Ohvmek% I gi}n lvhc k~cnvh~w gaewwnw? IkOhvmek

]`nwn evn }`n tnhtan }è} w~llnvnm zi}` cn }`vh~j` }`n livw} kikn chk}`w hl }`n T`M!gh|nvikj 66 gh~vwnw zi}` npecw! tvnwnk}e}ihkw! tetnvw ekm hkay }`n jvh~t cemn i}thwwifan+ Ekm I ec wnvih~w eaa h}`nv gh`hv}w el}nv ~w hkay cekejnm fnge~wn i} zewcemn wh c~g` newinv el}nv ~w j~ikne#tijw w~llnvikj èvm 2)

Kh} npeg}ay tev} hl h~v gh`hv}! f~} w}iaa |nvy c~g` tev} hl nwtngieaay }ìw livw} ynev hl}`n T`M! jhikj }`vh~j` }`n wecn tvhgnww e} ^K^Cnvi} znvn Nn ekm Tìaitt+ I }ìkb(eg}~eaay! I ec |nvy w~vn) zi}`h~} h~v Chkmey Kij`} Mikknvw }`n ynev zh~am è|nfnnk hkay èal ew c~g` l~k%%%% (hk }`n h}`nv èkm! I zh~am tvhfefay vncncfnv }ìkjwlvhc gaewwnw hk ]~nwmeyw)+ Eawh }`n wnghkm ekm }ìvm ynev! Nn zew e ghkw}ek} tev}hl cy T`M#ailn+

]`nvn evn e lnz chvn tnhtan ik Ceew}vig`} }è} mnwnv|n egbkhzanmjcnk}+ A~g Whn}n!z`h kh} hkay w~tthv}nm jnknvh~way eg}i|i}inw w~g` }`n Fe}e|invnkvegn! f~} eawhw~tthv}nm cn jvne}ay ik cy egemncig gevnnv }èkbw TE% ]`nk }`nvn iw Mnkiw mnGvhcfv~jj`n! z`h eazeyw w`hznm jvne} ik}nvnw} ik cy zhvb ekm z`hwn w~tthv} I ec|nvy }èkbl~a hl2 ekm Vhfik Ghzek z`hwn }icn I }hhb lhv em|ign hk cy }`nhvn}igeachmna! }`n efwnkgn hl zìg` ik cy miwwnv}e}ihk I ziaa lhv w~vn è|n }h mnlnkm ik gewn `n

iw ik cy mnlnkwn+

M~vikj }`n livw} ynev I znk} }h Ikmie iki}ie}nm fy cy wnghkm }`nwiw w~tnv|iwhv! TinvvnCh`knk! z`h wnk} cn }ìw ghklnvnkgn ekkh~kgncnk} ekm w~jjnw}nm I w`h~am cebn e tetnv h~} hl cy }`nwiw ekm tvnwnk} i} }`nvn+ I} jh} eggnt}nm ekm }è} zew fewigeaayz`nvn cy vnea T`M w}ev}nm2 }è} zew z`nvn I cn} \ioey Ceèoek z`h ik|i}nm cn }hghcn ekm |iwi} FEWIP Ikmie! I znk}! ekm `n cemn }ìw ikkhgnk} w~jjnw}ihk hl cnghkm~g}ikj e w~v|ny+ Ekm }`nvn i} zew e w~v|ny2 cip i} zi}` iklhvce}ihk hk }`nikw}i}~}ihk! }zh kecnw (Vemìbe ekm Tvewèk}) ekm }`nk lhvc~ae}n yh~v vnwnevgù~nw}ihk! mnwijk e w~v|ny ekm mh i} # ew wictan ew }è}+ ]èkb yh~ \ioey lhv }ìweceikj htthv}~ki}y%%%%

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Fegb ik Ceew}vig`} I mim kh} è|n }hh c~g` }icn }h }ìkb wikgn }`n Mn|nahtcnk}Nghkhcigw Wncikev knnmnm }h fn hvjekinm+ I ik|i}nm }`n j~nw} wtnebnv W}ntèkMnvghk! I tvnwnk}nm ekm }è} zew z`nvn }`n wnghkm lh~kme}ihk w}hkn lhv cy T`M zewaeim+ ]`n tvnwnk}e}ihk fvh~j`} cn }h e T`M ghklnvnkgn ik Jnvceky! z`nvn TecnaeBviw`kek w~jjnw}nm cn }h ghk}eg} Hveih E}}ekewih+ z`h eggnt}nm cy vnu~nw} ekmfngecn cy w~tnv|iwhv+ I} zew e gèik hl a~gby n|nk}w ekm I ec |nvy jaem `n eggnt}nm ìw ikt~} ew znaa ew ghcikj }icn ekm ejeik }h Ahkmhk wètnm cy T`M (ekm eg}~eaay

cy ailn el}nv }`n T`M) ik e |nvy wtngiea zey+

Eaa wn}}anm? Ceew}vig`} fegbfhkn! Ikmie # w~v|ny! Ahkmhk # w~tnv|iwhv+ ]`n vnw} hl cyailn zew eky}ìkj nawn }èk wn}}anm el}nv }è}+ I }ve|naanm e ah}! nwtngieaay fnge~wn hl }`nw~v|ny+ F~}! ceky tnhtan eahkj }`n zey cemn i} }`n chw} eceikj }icn n|nv! cemn i}thwwifan lhv cn }h jh hk! kh} }h jn} }h}eaay ekkhynm fy è|ikj }h tegb ejeik! wanntikjejeik ik e knz fnm (hv hk e knz lahhv)! e kij`} hk }`n }veik! e kij`} hk }`n f~w! e kij`}hk }`n fneg`

Whcn hl }`n `~cek ghvknvw}hknw hk }ìw kn|nv#nkmikj }ve|na?

Ekmy }`n hkn z`h zew }`n zhvbikj#ekg`hv ik @ymnvefem ik|i}nm lhv a~kg`!cemn thwwifan I zh~am ohik }`n èal#ceve}`hk! hllnvnm eaa `nat knnmnm+

Gyvia }`n hkn z`h gecn }h Ikmie ekm w~llnvnm }`vh~j` }zh gh#e~}`hvnm tetnvw zi}`cn! z`h ik}vhm~gnm cn }h cy le|hvi}n w}vnn}#lhhm w}ekm knev Gèvcikev ekmz`h gh~am fn ghk|ikgnm }è} nghkhcn}vigw iw kh} }è} fem el}nv eaa

Gìeve ekm Cev}e }`n hknw z`h ae}nv cemn }`n mngiwihkw }h ohik NMnTh }`n newinw}hkn n|nv+

Mejcev , \habnv }`n hknw z`h }hhb cn }h }`n @ew`! z`h cemn cn è|n e JnvcekG`viw}cew mikknv ik }`n cimman hl Kh|ncfnv ik }`n cimman hl Ikmie! z`h znvn}`n wnghkm ekg`hv ik @ymnvefem+

Mike! Gèk}i , Iki }`n hknw z`hwn gh~g` I ah|n kh! }`n hknw z`hc I ah|n+ Z`hcemn Ahkmhk }`n gi}y }h ai|n ik lhv cn%! z`h kecnm }`n tiknettan el}nv cn!z`h evn wictay jvne}%%%%%%%

Ncae }`n hkn z`h eazeyw `natnm cn }vegb mhzk Hveih z`nk knnmnm! z`h vnemwhcn hl cy zhvb ekm eazeyw èm ek htnk nev ekm imnew%

OM }`n hkn z`h iw wictay wtngiea+

Bev~ke }`n hkn z`h zvh}n }`n eceikj tetnv

Bviww `h~wnce}nw }`n hknw lhv z`hc I zew }`n chw} lvnu~nk} |iwi}hv ik M~fei (wn|nk}icnw ik 644:%%) eazeyw hkn hl }`n jvne}nw} fvnebw lhv cn%

Aike }`n hkn z`hwn lae} zn ai|nm ik! z`h jh} cn me}e! z`h je|n eaa }`n @ymnvfem#}itw+

Ceko~ # }`n hkn z`h }hhb cn ik! z`h w`hznm cn `hz }h cebn gète}}i! z`h ik|i}nmcn }h Oeit~v z`nvn I èm ek eceikj }icn! z`hwn `~wfekm Eoef w`h~am eawh fnkecnm%

Khve }`n hkn z`hc I wèvn @ymnvefem zi}` zn znvnk} }`nvn c~g` e} }`n wecn}icn f~} z`nk zn znvn! èm e jvne} }icn%

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]hc }`n hkn z`h bkhzw `hz }h cebn ~wn hl e f~wiknww gaeww }igbn} ekm z`hwn}ve|na#te}` I }`nk gvhwwnm }icn ekm ejeik+

Chw} hl cy }icn ik Ikmie (nwtngieaay nkm hl 644:fnjikkikj hl 6440) zew mn|h}nm }hcy `h~wn`ham w~v|ny+ Ekm! zìan i} lnnaw |nvy c~g` aibn cy hzk tvhong}! I vngni|nm eah} hl `nat hk }`n zey+ I w}iaa `nev Ek}`hky Ev~kmna weyikj }è}? ^kanww }`nvn iw khzey }h e|him i} mhk} ghaang} yh~v hzk me}e+ O~ctikj ik}h }`n em|nk}~vn! I u~igbay

~kmnvw}hhm z`y `n èm weim }ìw+ Kn|nv}`nanww! kh} e wnghkm mim I vnjvn} }`n iki}ieamngiwihk kh} }h aiw}nk }h ìc+ Ekm ik }`n nkm }h fn npeg} hk }`n 5= }` hl Lnfv~evy 6440}`n 54=5w} (ekm aew}) ik}nv|inz zew ghaang}nm ekm hk }`n 64 }` hl Cevg` 6440 I zewwi}}ikj hk }`n taekn fegb }h Ceew}vig`} (znaa! hl gh~vwn M~fei ekm Hcek livw}! ekm }`nkAhkmhk! ekm }`nk Wteik lhv }`n zvi}ikj gect)! ik cy a~jjejn e GM zi}` eaa }`n me}e cy me}e% Emci}}nmay! I èm fnnk ahhbikj lhvzevm }h }ìw mey }`n chcnk} I cemn }`nmngiwihk }h ghaang} }`n me}e ekm i} zew ew kign ew I èm icejiknm i} }h fn (fahgbikj h~}}`n lnev }è} }`n me}e zh~am tvh|n hl thhv u~eai}y zìg` i} a~gbiay mim kh})+ F~}! zìanfnikj ètty }h lay fegb! I hl gh~vwn anl} e ah} hl eceikj tnhtan fnìkm zi}`h~} z`hci} zh~am kh} è|n fnnk thwwifan lhv cn }h cebn }`n me}e ghaang}ihk èttnk (ekm `nvn Iec chw} elveim hl ane|ikj whcnhkn h~})

Livw} ekm lhvnchw} }`nvn evn tnhtan lvhc FEWIP? Vemìbe Mnwei z`h zew ik|ha|nmlvhc }`n fnjikkikj }h nkm! eazeyw }`nvn lhv cn! vnemy }h miwg~ww! cebn }ìkjw thwwifan!

ekm mivng} cn }h }`n vij`} tnhtan eawh Tvewèk} je|n cn! nwtngieaay ik }`n fnjikkikjtèwn! c~g` |ea~efan lnnmfegb+ Ekm }`nk }`nvn iw n|nvyfhmy nawn e} `nemu~ev}nv I}ìkb I c~w} è|n ettvheg`nm n|nvy wikjan hkn hl }`nc e} whcn thik}? hl gh~vwn VeceB+ (kh} e} aew} lhv h~v Jnvcek#@ikmi#]na~j~ zhvm hl }`n mey)! K+\+ Veceke! M+We}}eie`! W+ Me}}e2 \eki (z`h w`hznm wh c~g` te}inkgn zi}` eaa cy me}e vnu~nw}w%%%)! W+Ecevke}`! Ke|ik! Jhzvi! Wewì (tev}ay vnwthkwifan lhv eaa cy }ve|na cebikj whcn hl}`n fhhbikj lhv cn) \ew~ce}ì! J~kev! Wèveme! W~vnw`! \nk~! Cnkm~! Wviki|ew! \eveTvewem! \nkbe}nw`

]`nk }`nvn znvn eaa }`hwn z`h je|n cn }`niv }icn ekm bkhzanmjn z`nk I znk} hk cylinam |iwi}w }h millnvnk} ~ki}w Tevfèki! Veceyektn}! Ekek}et~v! Keajhkme!Bèccec ew znaa ew cy |iwi} }h Wev|hmeye Kekh Likekgn Aici}nm (WKLA) ekmBviw`ke Fìce Wecv~mmì Ahgea Evne Fekb Aici}nm (BFWAEF)+ Hk }`nwn }vitw! I jh}}`n gèkgn }h }eab }h ekm chvn icthv}ek}ay aiw}nk }h gaink}w ekm th}nk}iea gaink}w hlFEWIP! zìg` `natnm cn e ah} ik cy vnwnevg`+ ^klhv}~ke}nay! I mh kh} è|n }`n kecnwhl }`nwn tnhtan! f~} e jvne} }èkb yh~ jhnw }h }`nc lhv }ebikj }`niv }icn ekm wèvikj}`niv w}hvinw%

]`nk }`nvn iw n|nvyfhmy ik Ekek}et~v! z`nvn }`n w~v|ny eg}~eaay }hhb taegn+ ]`nwn evn}`n tnhtan }è} znvn }`n chw} icthv}ek} hknw ik `natikj }h cebn cy w~v|ny ghcn }v~n+Ew fnlhvn! }`n hvmnv ik zìg` I cnk}ihk tnhtan iw kh} vnae}nm }h }`n icthv}ekgn hl }`nivikla~nkgn+ ]`n wecn ziaa `ham `nvn! f~} I mh zek} }h w}vnww nwtngieaay }`n ikt~} hlVeonw`zevi ekm W~ki}è+ I} zew }`nc z`h }hhb cn ik}h }`niv lae} ekm `hcn+ I gekkh}}èkb }`nc nkh~j` lhv fnikj cy vhhcce}nw ekm chvn }èk }è}? fnghcikj cy lvinkmw%I anevknm wh c~g` ai|ikj zi}` }`nc ekm I eawh e}n wh c~g`% ]`ny evn }`n fnw} ghhbwn|nv%

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IP

I zek} }h }èkb V+ Vnmmy! ~ki} `nem hl Ekek}et~v (w~ggnwwhv hl W~vnw` C+! z`hc I jh}}h bkhz e} cy livw} linam |iwi} }h Ekek}et~v ekm z`hc I gh~am eawh el}nvzevmw eazeywghkw~a} ekm }èkb lhv }è})! M+ Emikeveyeke! z`h }hjn}`nv zi}` Vec~ ekm Viwb#]`hcew (z`h ziaa kh} aibn }è} I geaa ìc aibn }è}) `natnm cn e jvne} mnea nwtngieaayik }`n fnjikkikj tèwn zi}` gv~giea tveg}igeai}inw hl }`n w~v|ny (w~g` ew likmikjghctn}nk} ik}nv|inznvw! hvjekiikj ekm tev}igite}ikj ik }`n }veikikj) f~} eawh eahkj}`n zey eazeyw }`nvn zi}` w~tthv} z`nk whcn}ìkj gecn ~t+ ]`nk hl gh~vwn! }`n

e}chwt`nvn ik }`n hllign zh~am kh} è|n fnnk }`n wecn zi}`h~} W~mèbev! Tvebewèk}ekm }`n jivaw Veonw`zevi! Fè|eki ekm W~ki}è+ Eawh! }`n vnj~aev |iwi}hvw aibnChèk! z`hc I gekkh} }èkb nkh~j` lhv ìw w~tthv} ik }ìkjw aibn jn}}ikj eggnww }h }`nkhk#gaink} me}e fewn ekm jnknvea iklhvce}ihk ekm hl gh~vwn eawh eaa }`n Ai|nai`hhmWnv|ign Em|iwhvw (AWEw)+

]`nk }`nvn iw cy hzk w}ell è|ikj èm tvhfefay }`n jvne}nw} ikla~nkgn hk }`n w~ggnwwhl }`n w~v|ny+ I ec jvne}ay ikmnf}nm }h Oejek! cy ewwiw}ek}! z`h t~} eaa ìw nknvjy ik}h}ìw tvhong} ekm }h h~v lh~v}nnk ik}nv|inznvw? Ce`nw`zevi! T+ Ve|i! Gìkke Feaebbe! F+Emikeveyeke! Wèib Fewè! W+C+ Oeanna! Wì|ecce! ]`~aewi! T+ Ectecce! O+Ev~kecce! Aebw`ci Mn|i! Kejeveo~! Ve|i F~wèk ekm W~ce}ì+ ]`ny cemn e jvne}}nec! zìg` w`hznm kh} e} aew} ik h~v likea }vit zìg` }~vknm h~} }h fn ek eceikj mey%

]h ghctan}n }`n w~v|ny! }`n me}e knnmnm }h fn nk}nvnm! zìg` zew mhkn fy Wecv~mmì

Cevbn}ikj Ewwiw}ekgn lhv V~vea ]nvvi}hvy (W#CEV]) ik }`niv F~wiknww TvhgnwwH~}wh~vgikj ~ki}w (FTHw) ik B~ttec+ @nvn I zek} }h }èkb J~kev! Jhti! Viknw` ekmW~vnw` ew znaa ew }`n }nec }è} eg}~eaay mim }`n me}e nk}vy zhvb? Fn}ette! Gì}ve!Bev}ìb! T~kye|e}`y! Wvnn Vejè|nkmve ekm ]ìcceveo~a~+

E lnz h}`nv tnhtan mnwnv|n cnk}ihkikj! w~g` ew }`n @ymnvefem Gnk}vn lhvCigvhlikekgn Vnwnevg` (GCV) ]nec (nwtngieaay Etevke ekm Beayek)! z`h znvn whkign }h cnn} zi}` cn ekm wèvn }`niv nptnvinkgnw ik ghkm~g}ikj w~v|nyw zìg` zewnp}vncnay |ea~efan lhv cn+ Eawh! cy }vekwae}hv mnwnv|nw cnk}ihkikj+

I zh~am wey }ìw chvn hv anww w~cw }`n tvhgnww hl cy T`M ~k}ia jn}}ikj fegb }hCeew}vig`} ekm è|ikj cy me}e vnemy+ El}nv }è} lhaahznm }`n }icn hl zvi}ikj ~t (hveg}~eaay zvi}ikj }zh chvn gèt}nvw ekm }`nk zvi}ikj ~t)+ Lh~v chk}`w }h mh wh }è}zew }`n taek+ Iki}ieaay! }`n ceik ch}i|e}ihk mnvi|nm lvhc l~kmikj nkmikj el}nv }`hwnlh~v chk}`w }`vnn ynevw fnikj ghctan}nm (}`n wnghkm ceohv ch}i|e}ihk gecn ew eknceia lvhc Vhf Cevbanww e} ILW)+

]`n ceik }ìkj }è} bnt} cn wekn m~vikj }ìw }icn zew tvhfefay gygaikj+ Jhikj h~} hkvimnw zew }`n tnvlng} feaekgn }h wi}}ikj ik lvhk} hl }`n ghct~}nv+ Ekm `nvn I zek} }h}èkb nwtngieaay Jnvekme (f~} eawh Em ekm Nvig) lhv jn}}ikj cn ik}h gygaikj ik }`nfnjikkikj hl }`n T`M+ Ik }`n nkm#tèwn i} zew V~~m z`hc I gh~am kh} è|n miwtnkwnmhl (w}iaa }`n gewn hl gh~vwn)+ Ekm hkn hl }`n fnw} mngiwihk m~vikj }`hwn chk}`w zew }hohik ìc ekm Fnv}! Bhnk! Ce~vign ekm W}nlek }h e gygaikj }vit ik } n Eatw+ I} zew }`ntnvihm z`nk I zew zei}ikj lhv lnnmfegb hk cy livw} mvel} lvhc Hveih whcnzè} hl eknv|n#zvngbikj tèwn+ Gaicfikj ekm gaicfikj ekm gaicfikj ìaaw hk e fibn ~k}ia }`nvnzew ign evh~km ~w zew }`n tnvlng} miw}veg}ihk # }èkbw j~yw%

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74}` hl E~j~w} 6440 }`n mey I èkmnm#ik cy miwwnv}e}ihk% Kh hkn gh~am è|n }`h~j`} e}}è} thik} }è} i} zh~am w}iaa }ebn ejnw lhv cn }h mnlnkm+ F~} tvhfefay! I zh~am kh} è|ngevnm bkhzikj i} ekyzey+ I zew wi}}ikj e} }`n bi}g`nk }efan ik cy knz `hcn ik Ahkmhkvnemy }h `nem }h Mike` ekm Gèk}iw znmmikj tvnwwikj wnkm%

]`n nkm zh~am n|nk v`ycn e} }ìw thik}+

F~}! I ec w}iaa lev lvhc fnikj mhkn zi}` cy ai}}an w}hvy+ ]ìw iw fnge~wn I wh lev anl} h~}

}`n chw} icthv}ek} tnhtan }è} cemn }ìw T`M èttnk% ]`nwn evn }`n tnhtan }è} gecnik}h }`n tig}~vn c~g` fnlhvn }`n w}ev} hl cy T`M+

Lhv hkn! }`nvn evn }`hwn lvinkmw zi}` z`hc I wèvn cy }icn ik Ceew}vig`} (fnlhvn }`nT`M fnjek)! z`h fngecn wtngiea tnhtan ik cy ailn ekm z`h znvn eawh }`nvn z`nk Ièm }h mngimn zè} }h mh+ ]`vnn hl }`nc I zh~am aibn }h cnk}ihk wtngiligeaay! kecnayNze! Fvi}}e ekm \habnv+ I ziaa gi}n e tewwejn }è} Nze ziaa vncncfnv? yh~ bkhz lhvzè}% Zi}`h~} }`nc Ceew}vig`} zh~am kh} è|n fnnk }`n wecn lhv cn! I mhk} bkhzz`n}`nv I zh~am è|n ghkwimnvnm w}eyikj }`nvn (ea}`h~j` eaa }`vnn hl }`nc anl})+Fvi}}e zew eawh chvn mivng}ay ik|ha|nm ik cy T`M! tvhhlvnemikj i}! zìg` I gekkh}}èkb `nv nkh~j` lhv% ]`n h}`nv tnvwhk z`h èm e wtngiea ikla~nkgn iw Wekmve+ H~v}icn jhnw fegb l~v}`nv eaa }`n zey }h Imw}nik+ I} zew hkn hl }`n fnw} }ìkjw }è} w`nmngimnm }h ghcn }h Ceew}vig`}% Fnghcikj wnk}icnk}ea hl jhhm ham }icnw z`nkaiw}nkikj }h Eki mi Lvekgh! w`n hkgn zvh}n }h cn? Lvinkmw lhvn|nv+++ (tvhfefay)+++ ekm

}è} zh~am lhv w~vn kh} fn }`n zhvw} }è} gh~am èttnk }h ~w+++%%% I }h}eaay ejvnn%

I ec ghcikj }h ek nkm! zìg` fvikjw cn }h }`n chw} icthv}ek} tnhtan # cy tevnk}w ekmcy wiw}nv+

An} cn livw} }eab efh~} cy wiw}nv w`n z`h è}nm cn z`nk fnikj wceaa! z`h }`vnz cnhll cy ìj`#gèiv! z`h kn|nv leianm }h thik} h~} cy jnhjvet`y#bkhzanmjn! n|nk ì}cn zi}` ek e}aew (ekm z`hwn legn I zh~am ah|n }h wnn z`nk vnemikj }ìw lhv }`n livw}}icn wikgn }`nwn evn }`n w}hvinw }è} I eazeyw fvikj ~t)+ Z`nk }`n è}n lemnm hll! znfngecn fnw} lvinkmw+ Ekm }è} iw vneaay zè} w~cw i} fnw} w`n zew }`nvn ew cy fnw}lvinkm! tvhfefay chvn hl}nk }`n gvi}igea }èk }`n w~tthv}i|n hkn+ Ekm }ìw w`n cij`} kh}n|nk vneain! f~} ik cy |inz w`n èw }`n chw} eceikj tnvwhkeai}y! `~chv! wcev}nv}èk chw} I bkhz (`hz nawn w`h~am w`n è|n ghcn ~t zi}` }`n }i}an hl }ìwmiwwnv}e}ihk8)! e jnknvea bkhzanmjn }è} I gh~am hkay mvnec hll (I ec w~vn w`n ik`nvi}nm

}ìw lvhc h~v mem%)! wictay e tnvwhk }h ahhb ~t }h cy fij wiw}nv%

Ekm! aew} f~} kh} anew} cy tevnk}w+ I} zew }`nc z`h eazeyw fnain|nm ik cn! kn|nvu~nw}ihknm eky}ìkj I zek}nm }h mh ekm hk }`n ghk}vevy w~tthv}nm eky mngiwihk I cemn+I gekkh} n|nk vncncfnv hkn ikgimnk} ik zìg` }`ny zh~am è|n veiwnm }`niv nynfvhzwekm ewbnm Evn yh~ w~vn8%8 (npgnt} hl gh~vwn z`nk I gaeic }h è|n cy bny)+ I} zew}`nvnlhvn kh w~vtviwn }è} }`ny mimk} n|nk ghkwimnv w~jjnw}ikj whcn h}`nv taek z`nk Icnk}ihknm }`n thwwifiai}y hl mhikj e T`M+ Hk }`n ghk}vevy! il knnm èm fnnk! }`nyzh~am è|n mhkn eky}ìkj }h cebn }ìw thwwifan lhv cn+ Ekm }ìw fegbfhkn zew }`nvn m~vikj cy T`M! m~vikj cy ailn% I} iw kh} eazeyw newy }h tvhtnvay w`hz ettvngie}ihklhv }ìw+ F~} I zek} }h }ebn }ìw htthv}~ki}y }h nwtngieaay }èkb }`nc yh~ veiwnm cn ike zey }è} I eazeyw }v~w}nm cywnal nkh~j` }h mh }ìkjw I zek}nm }h mh! ekm }`nk mim}`nc+ ]èkbw yh~ evn }`n chw} eceikj tevnk}w }è} hkn gek è|n%%%

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Ghk}nk}w?

5+ Ik}vhm~g}ihk+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5TEV] I++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >6+ Z`y ]`nvn8 ]`n Vneg` hl Cigvhlikekgn ik Ikmie +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =+ ^wikj nptng}e}ihk me}e }h chmna nptng}nm ikghcn ekm nptnkmi}~vnw

ik v~vea Ikmie++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >0

=+7+ ]`n Me}e+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >9=+=+ \eaime}ihk+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

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=+0+ Iw nkjejikj ik Meivy Znalevn Ictvh|ikj8 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 05=+9+ Ghkga~wihk +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 07

>+ ]`n icteg} hl FEWIPw Meivy ik}nv|nk}ihk? N|imnkgn lvhc vneainmh~}ghcnw ekm nptng}nm vn}~vkw }h ik|nw}cnk} ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0+5+ Ik}vhm~g}ihk++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0+6+ ]`n tvhjveccn ~kmnv ghkwimnve}ihk +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 09

>+7+ ]`n Me}e+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 95>+7+5+ W~v|ny Mnwijk +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++95>+7+5+5+ \iaaejn Wnang}ihk+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 96>+7+5+6+ @h~wn`ham Wnang}ihk +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++96

>+7+6+ G`eveg}nviw}igw egvhww }vne}cnk} ekm ghk}vha jvh~tw++++++++++++++++++++ 9=>+7+7+ H~}ghcn |eviefanw+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>

>+=+ N|ea~e}ihk ]ng`kiu~n ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 99>+>+ Icteg} n|ea~e}ihk hl FEWIPw meivy ik}nv|nk}ihk +++++++++++++++++++++ 546

>+>+5+ Icteg} hl fnikj e meivy g~w}hcnv hl FEWIP (ik Ekek}et~v)+++++ 546>+>+6+ E|nvejn |nvw~w Ik}nk}ihk }h ]vne}cnk} Nllng})++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 54+>+7+ Icteg} hl vngni|ikj emmi}ihkea (khk#likekgiea) Wnv|ignw++++++++++++ 54:>+>+=+ Icteg} hl `e|ikj Ai|nw}hgb Ikw~vekgn ekm vngni|ikj EjFMW++554

>+

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9+5+=+ U~nw}ihkkeivn Mnwijk ekm Tiah}ikj++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5

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Aiw} hl Lij~vnw?

6+5+ W@J Fekb Aikbejn 5996 # 644+ Ikghcn lvhc millnvnk} wh~vgnw ew tnvgnk}ejn hl h|nveaa ikghcn=++5? Ikghcn Wh~vgnw (. hl h|nveaa)

>+6? Ikghcn Wh~vgnw (. hl h|nveaa)

>+7? We|ikj Wh~vgnw (. hl }h}ea)

>+=? Mnwgvit}i|n W}e}iw}igw hl H~}ghcn Ikmige}hvw # Jnknvea

>+>e? Nllng} hl tev}igite}ikj ik FEWIP*w Meivy Ik}nv|nk}ihk

>+>f? Nllng} hl tev}igite}ikj ik FEWIPw Meivy Ik}nv|nk}ihk Jnknvea

>+

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>+E+5 # @h~wn`ham G`eveg}nviw}igw fy Jvh~t

>+F5? Tvhtnkwi}y Wghvn hl fnikj e tev}igitek} |w+ Ghk}vha

>+F6? Feaekgikj Tvhtnv}y

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Tvhahj~n

I w}ev}nm cy T`M lvhc e |nvy wictan |inzthik}? ]`nvn iw }ìw ikgvnmifan imne hl

cigvhlikekgn! wnnk }h fn }`n }hha }h ghcfe} th|nv}y! ekm I zek}nm }h bkhz zè} i}

eg}~eaay mhnw }h }`n ai|ikj ghkmi}ihkw hl }`n thhv+ Kh chvn! kh anww+

Khz! }`vnn ynevw ae}nv! I è|n t~} }ìw miwwnv}e}ihk }hjn}`nv ekm i} èw nkmnm ~t }h fn

u~i}n millnvnk} lvhc zè} I nptng}nm i} }h fn (ew c~g` ew hkn gek è|n nptng}e}ihkw

efh~} e T`M z`nk w}ev}ikj) ekm ceyfn w~vtviwikj }h cywnal! I ec ve}`nv chvn ètty

}èk miwetthik}nm efh~} }ìw+

]`n ceik vnewhk lhv }ìw iw }è} cy T`M je|n cn }`n htthv}~ki}y }h anevk e ah} efh~}

ek iww~n }è} I èm fewigeaay hkay vnem efh~}+ Vnemikj fhhbw ekm ev}iganw ekm vnthv}w

ekm w}~minw efh~} cigvhlikekgn! }ìkjw fngecn np}vncnay ganev ekm I èm }`n lnnaikj }h

è|n e |nvy jhhm imne zè} cigvhlikekgn iw eaa efh~}+

Ekm }`nk I znk} }h }`n linam ekm vneainm }è} I eg}~eaay bkhz fewigeaay kh}ìkj+

I zek} }h w}ev} zi}` e ai}}an w}hvy! zìg` I zvh}n m~vikj cy wnghkm ahkjnv#}nvc linam

|iwi} ik Ikmie+ I `htn }ìw w}hvy ji|nw ek imne efh~} z`y I ec kh} miwetthik}nm efh~} cy

miwwnv}e}ihk kh} fnikj }`n zey I ek}igite}nm i} }h fn+ Fnge~wn ik }`n nkm! i} iw w}hvinw aibn

}`nwn }è} wètnm cy vnwnevg`! zìg` I! }hmey! likm e} anew} ew icthv}ek} ew }`n

vijhvh~w egemncig vnwnevg`+

Cigvhlikekgn gek fn fvhemay mnliknm ew }`n tvh|iwihk hl ahekw }h }`n thhv lhv }`n

t~vthwn hl w~tthv}ikj ek ikghcn jnknve}ikj eg}i|i}y+ Ik chw} gewnw! i} gek fn wnnk }è}

ahekw evn kh} eg}~eaay ~wnm lhv }`n t~vthwn }`ny znvn iki}ieaay (hv hlligieaay) ik}nkmnm

lhv+ Gewn w}~minw w`hz }è} efh~}

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}è} iw! ew }`n kecn w~jjnw}w! tvh|imnm }h ictvh|n }`n ghkmi}ihk hl }`n `hcn hv

f~wiknww+ @iw ik}nk}ihk zew }h f~iam e }hian}+ Wikgn `n mim kh} taek }h vnk} i} h~}! }ìw iw

hf|ih~way kh} e ahek ik }`n }vemi}ihkea wnkwn hl cigvhlikekgn ek ikghcn#jnknve}ikj

hkn! f~} ji|nk eaa }`n thwi}i|n vnw~a}w }è} ghcn lvhc tvhtnv `yjinkn ekm weki}e}ihk ekm!

ghkwimnvikj }è} ek ikgvnmifan ech~k} hl `h~wn`hamw ik Ikmie mh kh} è|n hkn! hkn gek

newiay evj~n }è} }ìw iw e tnvlng}ay |iefan vnewhk lhv }ebikj e ahek+

Wh! z`y ec I }naaikj }ìw w}hvy8 ]ìkjw fngecn t~aikj z`nk hfwnv|ikj }è} }`n gaink}ik leg} eavnemy èm e }hian}+ Ahhbikj e} ìw ai|ikj wi}~e}ihk chvn gahwnay! }`n vhhl gh~am

eg}~eaay ~wn whcn vnteivikj ekm }`n knz }hian} zew f~ia} efh~} 7 cn}nvw gahwnv f~} zew

ik e tnvlng}ay ~wefan ghkmi}ihk khkn}`nanww+ Wh! z`y }`nk mim }ìw cek mngimnm }h jn}

ik}h mnf} lhv whcn}ìkj `n mimk} vneaay knnm # zìan fnikj thhv8 ]`n ekwznv iw

wictan? f~iamikj e knz }hian} zh~am vnwha|n eaa }`n tvhfancw zìg` `n èm zi}` }`n

knij`fh~vw ekm }`n lij`}w zi}ìk }`n leciay }è} znvn jhikj hk h|nv }`n aew} mngemn #

fh}` hl zìg`! }h fn cnk}ihknm! mim kh} n|ha|n evh~km }`n }hian}+ W}iaa ~kganev8 ]`n

wngvn} iw }`n tvikgitan hl *\ew`}~ Wèw}ve* zìg` iw ghctevefan }h }`n Gìknwn imne hl

*Lnkj W`~i* ek ekgink} tìahwht`y hl `hz }`n mnwijk hl hkn*w nk|ivhkcnk}! an}*w wey e

`h~wn! gek ikla~nkgn }`n lahz hl nknvjinw! i+n+! a~gb+ Efh~} }nk ynevw ejh! ek nptnv} ik

\ew`}~ èm eavnemy }ham }`n levcnv }è} }`n ze}nv }ekb hl }`n }hian} zew f~ia} ik }`n

zvhkj ghvknv hl }`n jevmnk+ Fnikj yh~kj ekm w}~ffhvk e} }è} thik} ik }icn! }`nlevcnv mim kh} aiw}nk ekm mim kh}ìkj }h gèkjn }`n thwi}ihk hl }`n ze}nv }ekb+ ]`n

vnw~a} zew }è} h|nv }`n ynevw! chvn ekm chvn millig~a}inw fnjek }h eviwn+ ]nk ynevw

ae}nv ekm c~g` ziwnv! }`n levcnv likeaay mngimnm }h mh whcn}ìkj efh~} i} ekm f~iam e

knz }hian}+ Ekm! w~vtviwn! w~vtviwn! lhv }ìw `n knnmnm e ahek+ E} }`n }icn hl cy linam

|iwi}! }`n ham }hian} zew w}iaa ik ~wn ekm }`n tvhfancw znvn kh} wha|nm yn}+ Z`n}`nv }`ny

ziaa fn wha|nm ik }`n l~}~vn knnmw }h fn wnnk+ F~} }`nk z`h evn zn }h o~mjn8 Ceyfn!

hkn w`h~am kh} eazeyw ahhb lhv ve}ihkea nptaeke}ihkw ve}ihkea ew mnliknm ik }`n znw}

}è} iw+ I} iw icthv}ek} lhv }ìw cek ekm ìw leciay! lhv }`nc i} iw e anji}ice}n vnewhk2 `n

iw teyikj fegb ìw mnf}! f~iamikj ìw }hian} ekm lnnaikj èttinv+ Ekm! iw lnnaikj èttinv

ekm `nkgn è|ikj ictvh|nm ai|ikj ghkmi}ihkw kh} }`n ~a}ice}n jhea8

Mnliki}nay! }`n ~a}ice}n jhea hl e linam |iwi} iw }`n vneaie}ihk }è} zn knnm }h h|nvghcn

h~v tvnwn} znw}nvk eww~ct}ihkw ik hvmnv }h ~kmnvw}ekm ekm w}~my h}`nv g~a}~vnw+ ]`n

w}hvy cij`} t~} e wcian hk yh~v legn i} mim lhv cn+

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5+ Ik}vhm~g}ihk

I}w w}~tnkmh~w tht~ae}ihk ghkwiw}w hl levc aefh~vnvw+ Ikmie iw hkn |ew} levc hkn

eachw} ik}nvcikefan w}vn}g` hl linamw zi}` c~m ekm lnkgnw fn}znnk+ ]ìkb hl }`n efh|n

leg}w? ekm ghkwimnv zè} ek ikgvnmifan ejjvnje}n hl th|nv}y }`ny taegn fnlhvn yh~+

Cevb ]zeik!Lhaahzikj }`n Nu~e}hv! 509:+

]ìw zew Ikmie chvn }èk 544 ynevw ejh+ Wikgn }`nk! e ìj` ve}n hl nghkhcig jvhz}`

èw ghk}vif~}nm }h e w}nemy vnm~g}ihk ik th|nv}y+ Ik }`n 5904w! chvn }èk =4 tnv gnk}

hl Ikmiekw ai|nm fnahz }`n hlligiea th|nv}y aikn! e k~cfnv }è} lnaa }h 7< tnv gnk} ik

59979= ekm l~v}`nv }h 6:+> tnv gnk} ik 644=4>5+ F~} n|nk }`h~j`} }ìw iw e jvne}

mngvnewn! }ìw tnvgnk}ejn }vekwae}nw ik}h ek nkhvch~w ech~k} hl tnhtan? hl Ikmiew

tht~ae}ihk hl knevay hkn fiaaihk eachw} 744 ciaaihk evn tviceviay zhvvinm efh~} `hz }h

ellhvm }`niv knp} cnea! zìan }`niv gìamvnk min lvhc newiay tvn|nk}efan miwnewnw+

Wn|nk}y#li|n tnv gnk} hl }`nwn tnhtan ai|n ik v~vea evnew+ Cevb ]zeikw hfwnv|e}ihk

lvhc 509: w}iaa `hamw }v~n }hmey ik aevjn tev}w hl }`n gh~k}vy+

]h }`n thhv! }`n w}e}n iw fh}` ek nkncy ekm e lvinkm+ I} }ek}eaiwnw

}`nc zi}` e aemmnv }è} tvhciwnw }h ail} }`nc h~} hl th|nv}y! f~} i}

èfi}~eaay bigbw }`nc ik }`n }nn}` z`nk }`ny }~vk }h i} lhv `nat+ I}

ikwtivnw fh}` lnev ekm tvhciwn+ ]h Ikmiew thhv }`n w}e}n iw aibn ek

ef~wi|n le}`nv z`hc yh~ gek kn|nv efekmhk+ I} iw }`vh~j` yh~ }è}

ìw wikw evn aibnay }h ai|n hk+

Nmzevm A~gn!Ik Wti}n hl }`n Jhmw! 644

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ahekw }h }`n thhv }h ik|nw} ik cigvh#f~wiknwwnw+6 ]`n fnw} bkhzk hl }`nwn tvhjveccnw

iw ~kmh~f}nmay }`n Jvecnnk (\iaaejn) Fekb ik Fekjaemnw`! iki}ie}nm fy Tvhlnwwhv

C~èccnm Y~k~w! z`h ik 644< vngni|nm }`n Khfna Tnegn Tvign lhv }`niv zhvb+

Y~k~w iki}ie}i|n iw hl}nk gvnmi}nm lhv fnikj hkn hl }`n livw} cigvhlikekgn htnve}ihkw!

cebikj wceaa ahekw }h thhv ahgea |iaaejnvw z`h aegbnm eggnww }h }vemi}ihkea lhvcea

likekgiea ikw}i}~}ihkw+ Wikgn }`nk! cigvhlikekgn èw ghcn e ahkj zey+ Zìan iki}ieaay

ghkgnk}ve}ikj t~vnay hk }`n tvh|iwihk hl lhvcea gvnmi}! }`n }nvc khzemeyw

nkghctewwnw e fvhem vekjn hl likekgiea wnv|ignw w~g` ew we|ikjw! ikw~vekgn ekm chkny

}vekwlnvw+ ]`n tvh|imnvw lhaahz }`n whgiea ciwwihk hl th|nv}y eaan|ie}ihk ekm e fvhemnv

icteg} hk ai|nai`hhm htthv}~ki}inw }h }`n thhv }`vh~j` geti}ea gvne}ihk ekm `nkgn viwb

ci}ije}ihk ekm ghkw~ct}ihk wchh}ìkj+

]`n ghkgnt} tvh|nm }h è|n nkhvch~w ictaige}ihkw? Cigvhlikekgn jnknve}nm |ew}

nk}`~wiewc echkj eim mhkhvw! khkjh|nvkcnk}ea hvjekie}ihkw (KJHw)! tveg}i}ihknvw!

thai}igiekw ekm egemncigw eaibn+ I} zew! ekm ghk}ik~nw }h fn wnnk! ew ek ikw}v~cnk} lhv

vnm~gikj th|nv}y! n|nk ew ek ikw}v~cnk} fnain|nm }h è|n }`n th}nk}iea }h vneain }`n

Ciaankki~c Mn|nahtcnk} Jhea hl g~}}ikj efwha~}n th|nv}y ik èal fy 645>+

]`n vneai}y }`h~j` iw kh} ew fvij`} ew iw hl}nk thv}veynm+ ]h i}w gaink}w! cigvhlikekgn

èw }~vknm h~} }h fn fh}` ek nkncy ekm e lvinkm+ Zìan i} iw gnv}eikay kh} ek nkncy

ik }`n }vemi}ihkea wnkwn! ekm chw} zh~am ejvnn }è} i}w anji}icegy iw fnyhkm mh~f}! i}

mhnw miwtaey gnv}eik em|nvwn }vei}w+ ]`nwn }vei}w evn kh} ganevay ettevnk} }h ceky tnhtan+

H}`nvw tvnlnv }h ijkhvn hv miwciww }`nc+ F~} }`nvn vnceik }`hwn }è} evn anl} }h mnea

zi}` }`n ek}ejhkiw}ig laezw+ Ekm zi}`h~} mh~f}! }`ny zh~am fn fn}}nv hll il `natnm ik

mhikj wh+

]ìw miwwnv}e}ihk èw }zh hfong}i|nw?

]`n livw} hfong}i|n iw }h mvez e}}nk}ihk }h }`hwn ewtng}w hl cigvhlikekgn }è} ~kmnv

gnv}eik givg~cw}ekgnw gek fn gèveg}nvinm ew }`n anwwnv n|ia ve}`nv }èk }`n jvne}nv

jhhm+ ]`n wnghkm iw }h jn} e mnntnv ~kmnvw}ekmikj hl e wtngiea ik}nv|nk}ihk mnwijknm }h

fvikj h~} }`n jvne}nv jhhm ik cigvhlikekgn+

Wtngiligeaay! }`n livw} tev} hl }`n miwwnv}e}ihk ghkwiw}w hl }zh gèt}nvw+

]`n livw} gèt}nv ekeaywnw }`n wtvnem hl cigvhlikekgn ik Ikmie ekm i}w mn}nvcikek}w+

Mnwti}n }`n nptahwi|n jvhz}` hl }`n wng}hv! }ìw iw hkn hl }`n livw} w}~minw emmvnwwikj

}ìw iww~n+ Echkj h}`nvw! }`n vnw~a}w hl }ìw w}~my ikmige}n }è} cigvhlikekgn wnv|nw ew e

6 Z`nk }eabikj efh~} }`n thhv }ìw miwwnv}e}ihk lhaahzw }`n ghk|nk}ihkea ettvheg` ekm emht}w }`n efwha~}n th|nv}y aikn wn} fy }`n Zhvam Fekb ik }`niv Zhvam Mn|nahtcnk} Vnthv} lvhc 5994+ Egghvmikj }h }ìwmhg~cnk}! }`n thhv ik mn|nahtikj gh~k}vinw evn }`hwn }è} ai|n hk ^W- 5 (hv }h fn tvngiwn -5+40 t~vgèwikj

thznv tevi}y lhv }`n ^WE ik 5997) e mey hv anww+

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vntaegncnk} lhv h}`nv whgiea tvhjveccnw+ ]ìw iw e jvne}nv n|ia ik }`n wnkwn }è}

cigvhlikekgn iw khz`nvn gahwn }h fnikj ew icthv}ek} ew tvicevy `nea}` gevn! tvicevy

nm~ge}ihk! mngnk} k~}vi}ihk ekm e mngnk} iklvew}v~g}~vn! mngnk} jh|nvkcnk} ekm

wng~vi}y+ (@evtnv! 644:)

]`n wnghkm gèt}nv nptaeikw `hz Cigvhlikekgn Ikw}i}~}ihkw (CLIw) nptnvinkgn e

ciwwihk mvil} ezey lvhc whgiea jheaw }hzevmw f~wiknww |ea~nw+ I} iw evj~nm }è} }ìw mvil}

vnw~a}w ik cigvhlikekgn ikw}i}~}ihkw knjang}ikj }`niv whgiea hfong}i|nw! zìg` }vekwae}nwik}h ~kn}ìgea tveg}ignw }è} evn mn}vicnk}ea }h }`n gaink}w+ ]`n gèt}nv l~v}`nv thik}w }h

}`n vhan }è} mhkhv ejnkginw taey ik }ìw tvhgnww+

]`n wnghkm tev} hl }ìw miwwnv}e}ihk ghkwiw}w hl }`vnn gèt}nvw+ I} lhg~wnw hk hkn

wtngilig cigvhlikekgn tvhjveccn }è} `natw }`n v~vea thhv }h mi|nvwily }`niv ikghcn

wh~vgnw fy nkjejikj ik ciab#tvhm~g}ihk ew ek np}ve ikghcn jnknve}ikj eg}i|i}y+ ]ìw

}ytn hl ik}nv|nk}ihk iw w}vhkjay tvhch}nm fy }`n Ikmiek jh|nvkcnk} ik ek nllhv} }h

ikgvnewn }`n ai|nai`hhm hl }`n mntvi|nm v~vea tht~ae}ihk+ Ik |inz hl }ìw! }`n lh~v}`

gèt}nv npeciknw z`n}`nv }ìw h|nveaa w}ve}njy mhnw ikmnnm ictvh|n znalevn ekm

z`n}`nv `h~wn`hamw vneaay mnvi|n nghkhcig fnknli}w lvhc wnaaikj meivy tvhm~g}w ew

tnvgni|nm fy ek h~}wimnv ew znaa ew fy }`n fnknligievinw }`ncwna|nw+

]`n aew} }zh gèt}nvw ekeaywn ek ik}nv|nk}ihk fy ek Ikmiek cigvhlikekgn ikw}i}~}ihkzi}ìk }ìw meivy w~f#wng}hv+ ]`n tvh|imikj hvjekie}ihk! FEWIP Ikmie! wnnw i}wnal kh}

ew e cigvhlikekgn ikw}i}~}ihk f~} e ai|nai`hhm tvhch}ihk ikw}i}~}ihk! hllnvikj wnv|ignw

}è} jh fnyhkm likekgiea w~tthv}+ ]`n ikw}i}~}ihk iw hkn hl }`n mvi|nvw hl }`n ik}njve}nm

wng}hv ettvheg` }h cigvhlikekgn ik Ikmie+ I} iw wnnk ew hkn hl }`n chw} ikkh|e}i|n

ikw}i}~}ihkw eachw} ek nptnvicnk}ea cigvhlikekgn aefhve}hvy! lhaahzikj }`niv w}ve}njy

hl }`n ai|nai`hhm }viem ew nptaeiknm ik gèt}nv li|n+

]zh }ytnw hl n|ea~e}ihkw hl ikw}i}~}ihkea ik}nv|nk}ihk ik }`n meivy w~f#wng}hv evn fnikj

ghkm~g}nm ik }ìw miwwnv}e}ihk+ Hkn ~wnw vnemiay e|eiaefan me}e lvhc }`n Cekejncnk}

Iklhvce}ihk Wyw}nc (CIW) hl }`n hvjekie}ihk! zìan }`n h}`nv ettainw `h~wn`ham

w~v|ny me}e+ Ghctevikj vnw~a}w hl }`nwn }zh ettvheg`nw ji|nw knz ikwij`} ik}h }`n

~wnl~aknww hl emcikiw}ve}i|n cigvhlikekgn me}e (me}e }è} zew kh} mnwijknm lhv

n|ea~e}ihk t~vthwnw) }h nw}ice}n }`n icteg} hl ghcthknk}w hl }`n tvhjveccn+

]`nwn w}~minw evn echkj }`n livw} }è} n|ea~e}n kh} hkay }`n gvnmi}#icteg} hl

cigvhlikekgn f~} eawh }`n icteg} hl emmi}ihkea likekgiea ekm khk#likekgiea wnv|ignw hk

wn|nvea h~}ghcn ikmige}hvw+ E thwi}i|n (ekm lhv gnv}eik ikmige}hvw wijkiligek}) h|nveaa

tvhjveccn nllng} iw lh~km! f~} ik}nvnw}ikjay! g~w}hcnvw zi}` emmi}ihkea khk#likekgiea

wnv|ignw mh kh} wnnc }h fnknli} }h e jvne}nv np}nk}+ ]ìw ae}}nv ghkga~wihk iw mvezk

ivvnwtng}i|n hl zìg` me}e wn} iw ~wnm ik }`n ekeaywiw f~} vnae}nw hkay }h nghkhcig

ikmige}hvw+ Hk }`n h}`nv èkm! emmi}ihkea wnv|ignw mh wnnc }h vnm~gn ~kgnv}eik}y ik

ikghcn w}vnecw+ ]ìw ae}}nv hfwnv|e}ihk iw thwwifan mnwti}n }`n leg} }è} hkay gvhww#

wng}ihkea me}e iw e|eiaefan lhv ekeaywiw # me}e hk w~fong}i|n nptng}e}ihkw hl }`n

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g~w}hcnvw eaahzw miw}ikj~iwìkj fn}znnk `n}nvhjnkni}y ekm ~kgnv}eik}y+ Zhvb zi}`

}ìw }ytn hl me}e iw e vnae}i|nay knz f~} jvhzikj linam+ ]ìw miwwnv}e}ihk emmw }h }`n

ai}nve}~vn fy ghaang}ikj knz me}e ik e mn|nahtikj gh~k}vy hk e tht~ae}ihk }è} legnw

efh|n e|nvejn ~kgnv}eik}y ew znaa ew fy naigi}ikj nptng}e}ihkw kh} hkay hk ikghcn f~}

eawh hk ik|nw}cnk}#wtngilig vn}~vkw+

I ikmntnkmnk}ay mnwijknm ekm ghkm~g}nm e `h~wn`ham w~v|ny hl o~w} h|nv 5!444

`h~wn`hamw+ ]`n w~v|ny zew e }`hvh~j` tvhgnww! w}ev}ikj zi}` mngimikj hk }`n tvngiwnt~vthwn hl }`n w~v|ny! mnwijkikj }`n u~nw}ihkkeivn! ìvikj ekm }veikikj ik}nv|inznvw!

cekejikj }`niv zhvb! w~tnv|iwikj }`n me}e nk}vy ekm likeaay ganekikj ekm ekeaywikj }`n

me}e+ ]ìw eaahznm cn }h mnwijk }`n w~v|ny ekm h|nvghcn ghkw}veik}w }è} znvn

nptnvinkgnm z`nk n|ea~e}ikj }`n tvhjveccn zi}` me}e e|eiaefan }`vh~j` }`n CIW hl

}`n CLI+ ]`n khk#e|eiaefiai}y hl tvhtnv ghk}vha jvh~tw ew znaa ew e |nvy ghkw}veiknm

wn} hl h~}ghcn ikmige}hvw znvn echkj }`nwn ghkw}veik}w+

Ew cnk}ihknm efh|n! }`n w~v|ny ikga~mnw e ~kiu~n wn} hl iklhvce}ihk }è} eaahzw

zhvbikj zi}` }`n w~fong}i|n nptng}e}ihkw hl gaink}w+ Hk e|nvejn e }ìvm ({6> cik~}nw)

hl neg` ik}nv|inz zew ~wnm }h naigi} tvhfefiai}inw hk }`n fnainlw hl }`n vnwthkmnk}w

fnainlw efh~} }`niv l~}~vn `h~wn`ham ikghcn ew znaa ew }zh h~}ghcn |eviefanw mivng}ay

vnae}nm }h }`n ik}nv|nk}ihk ~kmnv ghkwimnve}ihk ikghcn lvhc }`n meivy eg}i|i}y ew znaa

ew nptng}nm `nea}` nptnkmi}~vnw ekm lhvnjhkn nevkikjw ik }`n gewn hl }`n ekiceaw

leaaikj iaa+

]`nwn w~fong}i|n nptng}e}ihkw me}e evn ~wnm ik }`n h|nveaa ekeaywiw hl }`n np}ve#ikghcn

jnknve}ikj eg}i|i}y ekm i}w ghk}vif~}ihk }h }`n ictvh|ncnk} hl whgiea znalevn ew znaa ew

ik }`n n|ea~e}ihk w}~minw+ ]`n ~wn hl }ìw me}e ik }`n n|ea~e}ihk w}~my wnv|nw }h nw}ice}n

}`n w~fong}i|nay nptng}nm vn}~vk }h ik|nw}cnk}! ek nw}ice}ihk hl }`n icteg}w }è}

g~w}hcnvw }`ncwna|nw nptng} ik }`n l~}~vn+ ]ìw }ytn hl ekeaywiw iw knz ik cigvhlikekgn

ai}nve}~vn ekm lhv }è} ce}}nv! ik n|ea~e}ihk ai}nve}~vn ew e z`han+ Zhvb zi}` w~fong}i|n

nptng}e}ihkw zew tihknnvnm fy Gèvanw L+ Cekwbi e lnz mngemnw ejh+ Kn|nv}`nanww!

ji|nk ghkwimnvefan iki}iea wgnt}igiwc ew znaa ew gvi}igiwc hl }ìw ettvheg` |eaime}ihk hl

ekwznvw fy vnwthkmnk}w }h nptng}e}ihk u~nw}ihkw zew ekm w}iaa vnceikw }`n iki}iea lhg~w

hl vnwnevg`+ ]ìw `hamw }v~n nwtngieaay lhv }ìw }ytn hl me}e ghaang}nm ik mn|nahtikjgh~k}vinw! hl zìg` |nvy aici}nm k~cfnvw hl w~v|nyw npiw} ~t }h me}n+ Ik }ìw

miwwnv}e}ihk I jh hkn w}nt l~v}`nv! ~wikj }`n me}e ik }`n ekeaywnw+

Livw} }`h~j`! I ziaa ji|n ek h|nv|inz hl }`n Ikmiek cigvhlikekgn wng}hv ekm ek ikwij`}

ik}h }`n linam hl htnve}ihkw tvh|imnm+

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TEV] I

Jvne}nv Jhhm hv Anwwnv N|ia8

]ìw livw} hl }zh tev}w hl }`n miwwnv}e}ihk wnv|nw }h tvh|imn e cegvh ew znaa ew e cigvh

tnvwtng}i|n hl }`n cigvhlikekgn wng}hv ik Ikmie+

]`n cegvh tnvwtng}i|n vnlnvw }h ek h|nv|inz hl z`nvn cigvhlikekgn iw htnve}ihkea ik

Ikmie ekm zè} leg}hvw ghk}vif~}n }h }`n hfwnv|nm jnhjvetìgea wtvnem+ ]`n cigvh

tnvwtng}i|n iw ek ekeaywiw hl hfwnv|e}ihkw lvhc wn|nvea chk}`w hl linam zhvb ik Ikmie

ikga~mikj cy nptnvinkgn cemn fy zhvbikj e} ekm zi}` e cigvhlikekgn ikw}i}~}ihk!

k~cnvh~w miwg~wwihkw zi}` tveg}i}ihknvw! egemncigw ekm hl gh~vwn gaink}w+]`n ceik anwwhkw }è} evn fnikj ìjàij`}nm ik }ìw livw} tev} evn knje}i|n hknw! thik}ikj

}h }`n leg} }è} cigvhlikekgn iw kh} eazeyw ew we}iwleg}hvy ew i} iw hl}nk thv}veynm }h fn+

Ceky tvhfancw npiw} }è} knnm }h fn emmvnwwnm ik hvmnv lhv cigvhlikekgn }h mn|naht i}w

l~aa th}nk}iea }è} fnikj }`n jvne}nv jhhm ve}`nv }èk }`n jvne}nv (hv n|nk anwwnv) n|ia+

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#4) mi|imnw }`n mn|nahtcnk} ik}h }`vnn

tèwnw? ]`n n|ha~}ihk hl }`n W@J Fekb#Aikbejn Tvhjveccn gh~am fn |inznm ik

}nvcw hl }`vnn miw}ikg} tèwnw! |i+! (i) tiah} }nw}ikj m~vikj 5996 }h 599>! (ii)

ceikw}vnecikj m~vikj 599< }h 5990 ekm (iii) nptekwihk lvhc 5990 hkzevmw+

]`n livw} tneb ik Lij~vn 6+5 cevbw }`n nkm hl }`n tiah}ikj tèwn? KEFEVM iki}ie}nm

}`n WFAT tvhgnww fy lhvcikj 66> W@Jw ik 5996 ekm fn}znnk Cevg` 599= ekm Cevg`

599> }`n vnea w}ev} ~t hl }`n tiah} tèwn }hhb taegn m~vikj zìg` }`n g~c~ae}i|n

k~cfnv hl W@J tewwnm lvhc

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Hvjekie}ihkw (KJHw) ik Ikmie (aibn Cyveme ik ]ecia Kem~)+ ]`n }ìvm tèwn w}ev}nm

ik Cevg` 5990 ekm ictainm e mvew}ig gèkjn hl wgean+ KEFEVM ae~kg`nm e ceohv

iki}ie}i|n lhv eggnanve}ikj gvnmi} aikbejn }h W@Jw m~vikj }è} ynev+ \evih~w ke}ihkea

wg`ncnw55 w~tthv}nm }`n lhvce}ihk ekm w}vnkj}`nkikj hl W@Jw egvhww }`n gh~k}vy ekm

zi}ìk }zh ynevw! chvn }èk hkn `~kmvnm }`h~wekm W@Jw znvn aikbnm+

Lij~vn 6+5 W@J Fekb Aikbejn 5996 # 64444+444

5+444+444

5+>44+444

6+444+444

6+>44+444

7+444+444

7+>44+444

599= 599> 599< 599: 5990 5999 6444 6445 6446 6447 644= 644> 644< 644:

4!44

>4!44

544!44

5>4!44

644!44

6>4!44

744!44

khl W@Jw Ekk~ea Jvhz}` Ve}n

Wh~vgn? KEFEVM (|evih~w ynevw)

Zìan k~cfnvw lhv Ikmie ew e z`han }naa e ghk}ik~h~way tvhciwikj w}hvy! jvne} vnjihkea

|evie}ihkw evn }h fn lh~km zi}ìk }ìw! ew ziaa fn npnctailinm ik zè} lhaahzw fy

ahhbikj e} }`n tvhthv}ihk hl `h~wn`hamw nkjejnm ik e W@J ew znaa ew }`n

ghvvnwthkmikj w}ekmevm mn|ie}ihk zi}ìk Ikmiek w}e}nw+ Lhaahzikj ghcchk tveg}ign

(KEFEVM |evih~w ynevw! Meany#@evviw 644>) }`n k~cfnv hl `h~wn`hamw aikbnm }h hkn

W@J iw eww~cnm }h fn lil}nnk+56 ]ìw e|nvejn jvh~t#win iw c~a}itainm zi}` }`n }h}ea

k~cfnv hl W@Jw aikbnm fy lhvcea ejnkginw (ghccnvgiea fekbw! Vnjihkea V~vea Fekbw

ekm ghhtnve}i|nw) m~vikj neg` likekgiea ynev+ ]ìw k~cfnv iw mi|imnm fy }`n k~cfnv hl

`h~wn`hamw! z`nvnew }`n ghvvnwthkmikj w}ekmevm mn|ie}ihk iw ~wnm }h ghctevn }`n

n|ha~}ihk zi}ìk }`n Ikmiek w}e}nw egvhww }icn+

]`n icthv}ekgn hl kh} ahhbikj e} efwha~}n k~cfnvw }h mn}ng} te}}nvkw hl cigvhlikekgn

gh|nvejn iw npnctailinm fy }`n w}e}n hl ^}}ev Tvemnw` ik }`n Khv}` hl Ikmie! fhvmnvikj

55 ]`nwn ikga~mn Vew`}viye Ceìae Bhw` (VCB! ek e~}hkhch~w hvjekiwe}ihk tvhch}nm fy Mntev}cnk} hlZhcnk ekm Gìam Mn|nahtcnk} (MZGM)! Wzevkoeyek}i Jvec Wze#vhjev Yhoeke (WJWY) ekm Ze}nvw`nmMn|nahtcnk} Tvhong}w hl Cikiw}vy hl V~vea Mn|nahtcnk}! n}g+56 Kh}n }è} hfwnv|e}ihkw lvhc }`n linam w`hz }è} }ìw eww~ct}ihk iw kh} emnu~e}n lhv eaa evnew ik Ikmie+ Ew

Ceaghac @evtnv thik}nm h~} ik e tnvwhkea ghk|nvwe}ihk! ik Znw} Fnkjea! lhv ikw}ekgn! W@J evn hl}nk cemn~t hl anww }èk }nk cncfnvw+ ]`n vnewhk lhv }ìw ainw ik ghhtnve}i|n fekbw ik }ìw evne fnikj w}vhkjayikla~nkgnm fy }`n Jvecnnk Fekb lvhc egvhww }`n fhvmnv+ Wikgn zn znvn kh} efan }h ghaang} w~g` iklhvce}ihkhk eaa evnew! zn mngimnm }h w}igb }h }`n ghcchkay cemn eww~ct}ihk hl W@Jw winw hl hk e|nvejn lil}nnkcncfnvw+ Zn fnain|n }`h~j` }è} }`n |evie}ihk ik h~v gewn w}~my! ]ecia Kem~! iw anww }èk ik Ikmie ew ez`han+

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zi}` Kntea+ Ik }nvcw hl efwha~}n k~cfnvw hl W@Jw! }ìw Ikmiek w}e}n iw vekbnm lil}`

echkj eaa hl }znk}y#nij`} w}e}nw ik Cevg` 6445 57 + Kn|nv}`nanww! }ebikj i}w fij

tht~ae}ihk fewn ik}h eggh~k} ane|nw }`n W}e}n }h fn hkn hl }`n znebnw} hknw ik Ikmie

zi}` vnwtng} }h i}w vnae}i|n w}vnkj}` ik W@Jw+

Ik 6444! i} zew }`n w}e}n hl Ekm`ve Tvemnw` (ET) ik }`n Wh~}` }è} e} kikn tnv gnk} èm

}`n ìj`nw} tnvgnk}ejn hl `h~wn`hamw tev}igite}ikj ik W@Jw+ ]ìw knnmw }h fn

ghctevnm }h Khv}`nvk w}e}nw w~g` ew Wibbic! Ewwec ekm T~koef! z`nvn kh} n|nk n|nvy}nk }`h~wekm}` `h~wn`ham zew `hcn }h e cncfnv hl e W@J+ ]ìw wte}iea te}}nvk iw

cettnm ik Lij~vn 6+6! z`nvn }`n w}e}nw evn jvh~tnm ~wikj }`n w}ekmevm mn|ie}ihk hl }`n

vnae}i|n wèvn hl W@Jw+ ]`n mevb wth} hk }`n cet iw lhv npectan Ekm`ve Tvemnw`! }`n

w}e}n zi}` }`n ìj`nw} k~cfnv hl W@Jw tnv `h~wn`hamw2 chvn }èk }`vnn w}ekmevm

mn|ie}ihkw efh|n }`n cnek5=+

Lij~vn 6+6 W}e}n |evie}ihkw ik vnae}i|n wèvn hl W@Jw (cnew~vnm fy w}ekmevm mn|ie}ihk)

M~vikj }è} wecn ynev! i} zew ceikay wh~}`nvk w}e}nw (npgnt} lhv Bnveae ik }`n wh~}`#

znw}) ew znaa ew @icegèa Tvemnw` ik }`n khv}` }è} lhvcnm }`n wnghkm anemikj jvh~t

el}nv Ekm`ve Tvemnw`+ ]`n w}e}nw èm ettvhpice}nay 5> h~} hl 5!444 `h~wn`hamwtev}igite}ikj ik W@Jw! zìg` }vekwae}nw ik}h hkn w}ekmevm mn|ie}ihk efh|n }`n cnek+

]`n znebnw} w}e}nw }`hwn zi}` fnahz e|nvejn tnvgnk}ejn hl `h~wn`hamw aikbnm }h }`n

lhvcea likekgiea wng}hv }`vh~j` W@Jw # znvn eaa }h fn lh~km ik }`n Khv}` hl Ikmie+

57 Miw}vig} ziwn me}n hk }`n W@J#fekb aikbejn tvhjveccn iw hkay e|eiaefan el}nv 6444#6445+ ^klhv}~ke}nay!}ìw me}e evn kh} e|eiaefan e} }`n miw}vig} an|na fnlhvn }ìw me}n+5= Ew thik}nm h~} fy @evtnv ekm Ke}` (kh ynev)! }`n ghk}vew} fnghcnw n|nk w}evbnv z`nk ahhbikj e} }`nk~cfnv hl `h~wn`hamw fnahz }`n th|nv}y aikn aikbnm }h W@Jw+

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Zìan }`nwn miwtevi}inw ghk}ik~nm }h npiw} ik }`n ynevw }`nvnel}nv! hkn hfwnv|nw e waij`}

ghk|nvjnkgn ik }`n vnae}i|n w}vnkj}` hl }`n W@Jw echkj w}e}nw! ew n|imnkgnm ik }`n

mngaikn hl }`n e|nvejn ghnlligink} hl |evie}ihk lvhc 5+99 ik 6445 }h 5+5> ik 644

Li|n ynevw ae}nv! ik Cevg` 644< (Lij+ 6+6f) e ge}gìkj#~t gek fn hfwnv|nm+

Ekm`ve Tvemnw` èm l~v}`nv ghkwhaime}nm i}w vhan ew }`n anemikj w}e}n ik }`n W@J

ch|ncnk}! zi}` khz efh~} 60 tnv gnk} hl `h~wn`hamw tev}igite}ikj ik W@Jw+ Eawh

h}`nv w}e}nw èm ikgvnewnm }`niv ve}n hl aikbikj `h~wn`hamw+ Hkay }`n khv}`nvk w}e}nw

gh~am kh} bnnt ~t zi}` }`n }vnkm? Ik ^}}evekgèa ekm Oèvbèkm }`nvn znvn anww }èk

}ìv}y#}zh `h~wn`hamw tev}igite}ikj ik W@Jw lhv n|nvy 5!444+ Ik Oecc~ ekm Bew`civ!

@evyeke! T~koef ekm Ev~kegèa Tvemnw` }`nvn znvn anww }èk }nk `h~wn`hamw

tev}igite}ikj ik W@Jw lhv n|nvy 5!444 hl }`n }h}ea `h~wn`hamw+

]`n vnceikmnv hl }ìw gèt}nv iw ghkgnvknm zi}` jn}}ikj e fn}}nv ~kmnvw}ekmikj hl

mykecigw }è} evn e} zhvb fnìkm }ìw ~kn|nk wtvnem hl }`n W@J ch|ncnk}+ ]h mh wh!

}`n ekeaywiw ziaa ghkgnk}ve}n hk hkn Ikmiek w}e}n+ ]`n ve}ihkean hl }ìw mngiwihk lhv hkn

ainw ik me}e aici}e}ihkw vnjevmikj ghctevefan w}e}iw}igw hk e ke}ihkea an|na+ ]`n mngiwihk

iw ceikay w~tthv}nm fy }`n leg} }è} }`n WFAT iw mn|nahtnm ekm cekejnm fy Miw}vig}

V~vea Mn|nahtcnk} Ejnkginw ekm `nkgn zi}ìk w}e}nw ekm kh} hk e ke}ihkea an|na+

Ik leg}! hk e ke}ihkea an|nake}ihkzimn! chw} hl }ìw ~knu~ea wte}iea te}}nvk gek fn

vnemiay nptaeiknm+ ]`n W@J Fekb Aikbejn Tvhjveccn èw! wikgn i}w fnjikkikj! fnnk

tvnmhcikek} ik gnv}eik w}e}nw! w`hzikj wte}iea tvnlnvnkgnw nwtngieaay ik }`n wh~}` #

Ekm`ve Tvemnw`! ]ecia Kem~! Bnveae ekm Bevke}ebe f~} eawh lhv }`n khv}`nvk W}e}n hl

@icegèa Tvemnw`+ ]`nwn tvnlnvnkgnw evn tvnmhcikek}ay mvi|nk fy nkjejnm

ikmi|im~eaw w~g` ew Gèkmvefef~ Keim~! e} }`n }icn }`n Gìnl Cikiw}nv hl Ekm`ve

Tvemnw`! t~w`nm cij`}iay lhv }`n np}nkwihk hl }`n W@J#Fekb Aikbejn Tvhjvec ik ìw

W}e}n+ Eawh! }`n tvnwnkgn hl \ioey Ceèoek! lh~kmnv hl FEWIP Ikmie! hkn hl }`n chw}#

bkhzk cigvhlikekgn ikw}i}~}ihkw ik Ikmie ew znaa ew W@EVN w`hznm jvne} w~tthv} lhv

}`n iki}ie}i|n+ ]ìw ejeik e}}veg}nm mhkhvw ik}h }`nwn vnjihkw+5< Lvhc }`nwn w}e}nw! e wtiaa

h|nv }h ceky w}e}nw ik }`n new}nvk vnjihk hl Ikmie! nwtngieaay eahkj }`n ghew} hl }`n Fey

hl Fnkjea! zew hfwnv|nm ekm cemn }`nwn w}e}nw tev} hl }`n anemikj tvh|ikgnw zi}` ìj`

ve}ihw hl cigvhlikekgn+ I} zew chw} w}e}nw ik }`n khv}`! ik }`n gnk}vn ekm ik }`n new}nvk

vnjihk (npgnt} lhv Znw} Fnkjea ekm Ewwec) }è} npìfi}nm anww w~tthv} ekm `nkgn e

c~g` anww mn|nahtnm cigvhlikekgn wng}hv+

]`n ekeaywiw }h lhaahz ghkgnk}ve}nw hk }`n wh~}`#new}nvk w}e}n hl ]ecia Kem~+ ]ecia

Kem~ zew g`hwnk lhv wn|nvea vnewhkw+ Livw}ay! }hjn}`nv zi}` Ekm`ve Tvemnw`! i} zew hkn

5> ]`n ghnlligink} hl |evie}ihk iw e cnew~vn hl miwtnvwihk hl e tvhfefiai}y miw}vif~}ihk+ I} iw mnliknm ew }`nve}ih hl }`n w}ekmevm mn|ie}ihk }h }`n cnek+5< Ik Ekm`ve Tvemnw`! lhv npectan! }`n jh|nvkcnk} iki}ie}nm e cigvhlikekgn tvhjveccn geaanm \na~j~ zi}`}`n ewwiw}ekgn hl }`n Zhvam Fekb ekm cemn ~t fy }zh tvhong}w? }`n Miw}vig} Th|nv}y Iki}ie}i|nw Tvhong} ekm}`n V~vea Th|nv}y Vnm~g}ihk Tvhjvec+ Ekh}`nv whgin}y geaanm Whgin}y lhv }`n Naicike}ihk hl V~vea Th|nv}ygèkkna l~kmw ekm tvh|imnw nllng}i|n ictancnk}e}ihk+

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hl }`n livw} w}e}nw }h nptnvicnk} zi}` }`n imne hl W@Jw ekm }`~w èw hkn hl }`n ahkjnw}

ìw}hvinw ekm fnw} mn|nahtnm cigvhlikekgn wng}hvw+ I} eawh èw np}nkwi|n linam

nptnvinkgn hk zìg` }h mvez ekm nkohyw e w}vhkj thai}igea vhan ik }`n mn|nahtcnk} hl

}`n ch|ncnk}+ ]ecia Kem~ iw }`~w fh}` ek ik}nvnw}ikj gewn w}~my ekm hkn zi}` ceky

ynevw hl me}e }h fewn }`n ekeaywiw hk+ Chw} h}`nv w}e}nw hkay vngnk}ay w}ev}nm }h fnghcn

nkjejnm zi}` }`n aikbejn hl Wnal#@nat Jvh~tw+ L~v}`nvchvn! tnvwhkea bkhzanmjn

jeiknm }`vh~j` np}nkwi|n linam#zhvb ik }ìw w}e}n legiai}e}nm }`n je}`nvikj hl

iklhvce}ihk ekm me}e! ew znaa ew }`n ik}nvtvn}e}ihk hl vnw~a}w+

6+6+6+ ]`n gewn hl ]ecia Kem~Ik ]ecia Kem~! }`n W@J#fekb aikbejn tvhjveccn ncnvjnm lvhc }`n ]ecia Kem~

Zhcnkw Mn|nahtcnk} Tvhjveccn (]KZMT) (geaanm eawh Ceèaiv ]ì}}ec zhcnk

wg`ncn)+ ]KZMT zew ek iki}ie}i|n hl }`n Ik}nvke}ihkea L~km lhv Ejvig~a}~vn ekm

Mn|nahtcnk} (ILEM) }hjn}`nv zi}` }`n jh|nvkcnk} hl ]ecia Kem~ ekm wn|nvea KJHw+

]`n iki}ie}i|n zew }ebnk }h ghctnkwe}n lhv }`n miwetthik}ikj nllng} hl }`n Ik}njve}nm

V~vea Mn|nahtcnk} Tvhjveccn (IVMT) vnw~a}ikj lvhc ciw}evjn}ikj! ew znaa ew ahz

vnteycnk} ve}nw (hk e|nvejn 6= }h =4 tnv gnk})5:+ ]`n ceik ikkh|e}ihk ik }`n ]KZMT

ew ghctevnm }h tvn|ih~w tvhjveccnw zew }`n ~wn hl zhcnkw jvh~tw }h gèkknaikmi|im~ea ekm jvh~t ahekw ekm }h hllnv }veikikjw zi}ìk millnvnk} linamw! ikga~mikj

nghkhcigw! whgiea w}~minw ekm cevbn}ikj+ (@ha|hn}! 644>2 ]nwhvih! 644>)

H|nveaa! }`n W@J#fekb aikbejn tvhjveccn ik ]ecia Kem~! vntvnwnk}nm fy }`n

Ceìaaev Tvhjveccn (Wnifna! |evih~w ynevw)! iw nptnvinkgikj ek nptekwihk ghctevefan

ik i}w win }h }`n ke}ihkea an|na+ Ek e|nvejn ekk~ea jvhz}` ve}n hl aikbnm W@Jw hl 5:=+>

tnv gnk} zew hfwnv|nm lhv }`n W}e}n hl ]ecia Kem~ ik }`n tnvihm lvhc Cevg` 5999 }h

Cevg` 644

ke}ihkea an|na! }`n ghvvnwthkmikj lij~vnw evn 5:>+6 tnv gnk} ekm 6:9+< tnv gnk}

vnwtng}i|nay+ Lij~vn 6+7 miwtaeyw }`n k~cfnv hl W@Jw aikbnm ik ]K lhv }`n tnvihm 5990

}h 644

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Lij~vn 6+7 N|ha~}ihk hl }`n W@J fekb aikbejn wyw}nc ik }`n W}e}n hl ]ecia Kem~

egghvmikj }h }`n k~cfnv hl W@J (5999#644

Lij~vn 6+= N|ha~}ihk hl }`n W@J fekb aikbejn wyw}nc ik }`n W}e}n hl ]ecia Kem~

egghvmikj }h }`n ech~k} hl miwf~vwnm V~tnnw (5999#644+

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jvhz}`! m~vikj zìg` }`n k~cfnv hl gaink}w znk} lvhc e lnz }`h~wekm }h wn|nvea

ciaaihk! cigvhlikekgn iw khz e} }`n ghvn hl ceky ejnkmew # ivvnwtng}i|n hl fnikj

t~faig hv tvi|e}n+

Ikmiek cigvhlikekgn! fh}` ik }nvcw hl }`n k~cfnv hl gaink}w ekm }`n |ha~cn hl

miwf~vwnm gvnmi}! iw kh ahkjnv ekngmh}ea+ Fnge~wn hl }`n whgih#nghkhcig! thai}igea! n|nk

g~a}~vea u~nw}ihkw i} veiwnw! cigvhlikekgn èw fnghcn e gèaankjn lhv whgin}y+

]ìw cebnw i} icthv}ek} }h o~mjn }`n jvhz}` hl }`n wng}hv kh} hkay ik }nvcw hl

jnknve}ikj ikghcn ekm nctahycnk} lhv }`n thhv59 f~} }h eawh tey e}}nk}ihk }h i}w

vnjihkea miw}vif~}ihk+

Ettnkmip 6+F ji|nw mn}eiaw hk }`n efwha~}n ew znaa ew }`n vnae}i|n w}vnkj}` hl }`n W@Jw

ik }`n w}e}nw miw}vig}w ekm }`n miw}vig} |evie}ihk h|nv wn|nvea ynevw! vntne}ikj }`n

ekeaywiw }è} zew tvn|ih~way tvnwnk}nm hk ek eaa#Ikmie an|na+ Vnw~a}w w`hz }è} zìan

]ecia Kem~ iw vekbnm echkj }`hwn w}e}nw zi}` e ìj` an|na hl cigvhlikekgn

mn|nahtcnk}! }`n ik}ve#w}e}n ekeaywiw w`hzw wijkiligek} miw}vig} iknu~eai}inw+ ]`nwn

ik}ve#w}e}n iknu~eai}inw evn |nvy wijkiligek} ekm tev}ieaay geaa ik}h u~nw}ihk }`n w~ggnwwnw

}è} wnnc wh ettevnk} z`nk ghkwimnvikj }`n k~cfnvw lhv }`n w}e}n ew e z`han+

Ji|nk }ìw ~kn|nk wtvnem i} iw hl ik}nvnw} }h ~kmnvw}ekm }`n leg}hvw! zìg` ikla~nkgn }`n

miw}vif~}ihkea |evie}ihkw+ ]`nwn ziaa fn ekeaywnm ik }`n knp} wng}ihk fy nctivigeaay

}nw}ikj wn|nvea |eviefanw }è} evn }`nhvinm }h ikla~nkgn }`n wte}iea miw}vif~}ihk+

6+7+ Nghkhcn}vig Ekeaywiw hl }`n Mn}nvcikek}w hl }`n N|ha~}ihk

Ik }`n ekeaywiw hl }`n wtvnem hl }`n WFAT }`n g~c~ae}i|n k~cfnv hl aikbnmW@Jw tnv

`h~wn`ham ghk}vif~}nw }`n mntnkmnk} |eviefan+ Aikbnm cnekw }è} e jvh~t vngni|nm e}

anew} hkn ahek lvhc e lhvcea fekb+ Ek ea}nvke}i|n zh~am è|n fnnk }h ahhb e} }`n

k~cfnv hl jvh~tw lhvcnm zìg` ictainw }`n ikga~wihk hl jvh~tw }è} cij`} kn|nv

è|n fnnk aikbnm }h e fekb+ ]`nwn jvh~tw zh~am tvhfefay è|n w}ev}nm }h we|n ekm

ceyfn eawh }h lhvzevm }`nwn we|ikjw ew ahekw! f~} m~n }h }evjn}w ik }nvcw hl tvhch}ikj

e gnv}eik k~cfnv hl W@Jw! jvh~t lhvce}ihk ~klhv}~ke}nay mhnw kh} eazeyw vngni|n }`n

knnmnm e}}nk}ihk+ ]ìw ictainw }è} }`n lhg~w iw kh} eazeyw hk }`n lhvce}ihk hl

l~kg}ihkikj jvh~tw ekm }è} }`n w~fwnu~nk} k~v}~vikj ekm mn|nahtcnk} iw knjang}nm

(Tvechm! 644

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ettevnk} ekm i} iw icthv}ek} }h ~kmnvw}ekm z`nvn w~ggnwwl~a jvh~tw (ik }nvcw hl è|ikj

fnnk aikbnm }h lhvcea likekgiea wnv|ignw) evn ik htnve}ihk64+

Hkn zey hl jn}}ikj ek ikwij`} ik}h zìg` leg}hvw ikla~nkgn }`n wtvnem hl }`n k~cfnv hl

aikbnm W@Jw tnv `h~wn`hamw iw }h ettay wictan hvmikevy anew} wu~evn (HAW) vnjvnwwihkw!

ceyfn ikga~mikj evne m~ccinw }h get}~vn wte}iea ikla~nkgnw+ Kn|nv}`nanww! wikgn

mneaikj zi}` e jnhjvetìgea ghcthknk}! tvhfancw evn aibnay }h eviwn zi}` }ìw

ghk|nk}ihkea nghkhcn}vig }ng`kiu~n+ ]`n ce}}nv hl ghkgnvk iw }è} wte}iea mntnkmnkgniw nptng}nm }h npiw} fn}znnk vnjihkw+ T~} millnvnk}ay! i} iw aibnay }è} }`n ikgvnewn ik }`n

k~cfnv hl W@Jw ik hkn miw}vig} iw kh} ikmntnkmnk} hl zè} iw èttnkikj ik e

knij`fh~vikj miw}vig}+ Il }ìw iw }`n gewn! HAW vnw~a}w evn kh ahkjnv |eaim ekm iklnvnkgn

hk }#w}e}iw}igw ciwanemikj+ ]ng`kiu~nw }è} eggh~k} lhv }`n leg} }è} jnhjvetìg ghk}np}

cij`} ghkmi}ihk hv chmnve}n }`n nllng} hl gnv}eik nptaeke}hvy |eviefanw hk }`n k~cfnv

hl W@Jw ik e gnv}eik ahge}ihk evn geaanm lhv+

]`nvnlhvn! fnlhvn jhikj ik}h }`n ekeaywiw hl w}v~g}~vea mn}nvcikek}w! }`n th}nk}iea

icteg} hl W@Jw ik hkn miw}vig} hk }`n aibnai`hhm hl W@Jw ik e knevfy hv lev ezey

ahge}ihk iw emmvnwwnm! i+n+! iw }`n wte}iea te}}nvkikj hl W@Jw ghkwiw}nk} zi}` whcn bikm

hl mill~wihk tvhgnww8 ]ìw ae}}nv iww~n iw hkn hl }`n ceik miw}ikj~iwìkj cn}`hmhahjigea

lne}~vnw hl wte}iea me}e ekeaywiw+

6+7+5+ Cn}`hmhahjyWte}iea me}e ekeaywiw }ebnw ik}h eggh~k} }`n wte}iea evvekjncnk} hl }`n hfwnv|e}ihkea

~ki}w! zìg` evn }ytigeaay geaanm ahge}ihkw (Ekwnaik! 5996e) # ghvvnwthkmikj }h }`n

w}e}nw miw}vig}w ik }ìw ekeaywiw+ ]ìw wte}iea evvekjncnk} iw vntvnwnk}nm fy e wte}iea

znij`}w ce}vip Z z`hwn nancnk}w zio nptvnww }`n tvnwnkgnefwnkgn (fikevy znij`}

ce}vip) hv }`n mnjvnn (khk#fikevy znij`} ce}vip) hl th}nk}iea wte}iea ik}nveg}ihk

fn}znnk neg` thwwifan teiv hl ahge}ihkw+

]ìw ik}nveg}ihk iw ghkwiw}nk} zi}` wte}iea mntnkmnkgn! eawh vnlnvvnm }h ew wte}iea

e~}hghvvnae}ihk! ekm gek fn mnliknm ew }`n t`nkhcnkhk }è} hgg~vw z`nk }`n wte}iea

miw}vif~}ihk hl }`n |eviefan hl ik}nvnw} ik }ìw gewn }`n k~cfnv hl W@Jw tnv `h~wn`ham

# npìfi}w e wyw}nce}ig te}}nvk (Gaill ekm Hvm 5905)+]`vnn millnvnk} znij`} ce}vignw evn ~wnm ik }ìw ekeaywiw }h }nw}! ekm il kngnwwevy

eggh~k}! lhv wte}iea mntnkmnkgn ik }`n me}e? ]`n wictanw} hkn (ekm eawh }`n hkn chw}#

hl}nk ~wnm ik w}~minw) iw }`n fikevy knij`fh~v ce}vip! ikmige}ikj fhvmnv wèvikj

fn}znnk miw}vig}w (}ìw iw `nkgnlhv}` vnlnvvnm }h ew knij`fh~v ce}vip)+ ]`n wnghkm

ce}vip iw e waij`} vnlikncnk} hk }`n livw}! ikmige}ikj }`n ankj}` hl ghcchk fhvmnv ew e

64 KEFEVM w}ev}nm }h vnthv} eawh }`n k~cfnv hl W@Jw }è} htnknm e we|ikjw eggh~k} zi}` e fekb+ Ew ziaafn miwg~wwnm ik }`n w~fwnu~nk} gèt}nv! }`n cigvhlikekgn wng}hv èw }`n }nkmnkgy }h tvhch}n ikmnf}nmknww+ Ik}`n W@J chmna! }ìw w`hzw fy whcn jvh~tw fnikj t~} ~kmnv tvnww~vn }h fhvvhz! ve}`nv }èk cnvnay }h we|n ik chw} gewnw ik hvmnv }h cnn} }evjn}w+ ]ìw gek fn tnvkigih~w ekm knnmw }h fn bnt} ik cikm z`nk mnlikikjaikbnm jvh~tw ew chvn w~ggnwwl~a }èk lhvcnm jvh~tw+

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ekm Hvm! 5996) }h }nw} lhv mntnkmnkgnw ik }`n wtvnem hl }`n W@J Fekb Aikbejn

Tvhjveccn ik ]ecia Kem~+

]efan 6+6+ Miejkhw}ig ]nw} lhv wte}iea e~}hghvvnae}ihk ik }`n mntnkmnk} |eviefan

Chvek*wI I N(I) wm(I) #w}e} t

(5) knij`fh~v ce}vip 4+5 5+:67 4+4=6(6) fhvmnv ce}vip 4+6>: #4+47: 4+570 6+560 4+45:(7) miw}ekgn ce}vip #4+407 #4+47: 4+464 #6+766 4+454

Jnevy*w g g N(g) wm(g) t

(5) knij`fh~v ce}vip 4+:7> 5+444 4+509 4+4>? Ahgea e~}hghvvnae}ihk zi}ìk miw}vig}w hl ]ecia Kem~

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Kh wijkiligek} wte}ieae~}hghvvnae}ihkWijkiligek} wte}ieae~}hghvvnae}ihkKh Me}e

F+ E~jwf~vj ekm G+ Lh~iaan}

- W@Jhvijikeai ctancnk}e}ihk

Z`nk nctahyikj wh geaanm ahgea w}e}iw}igw }h mn}ng} wijkiligek} wte}iea ga~w}nvikj

evh~km ikmi|im~ea ahge}ihkw wip `h}wth}w evn imnk}ilinm+ ]`nwn miw}vig}w evn }`n hknwwèmnm mevbnv ik Lij~vn 6+> ekm ghvvnwthkm }h ]iv~kna|nai! Vecekek}èt~vec!

Wi|ejekjei! ]`hh}`~b~mi! ]iv~|eaa~v! ekm Mèvcet~vi+67 Lvhc }`n tvn|ih~w wng}ihk i}

iw bkhzk }è} }`nwn evn miw}vig}w }è} znvn ni}`nv ghk}ik~h~way w}vhkj ik }nvcw hl

cigvhlikekgievie}ihk h|nv }`n ynevw hv w`hznm e lew} jvhz}` ik }`n k~cfnv hl

`h~wn`hamw aikbnm }h fekbw (wnn miwg~wwihk hl Lij~vn 6+

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]`n efh|n ekeaywiw ji|nw w}vhkj ikmige}ihk hl e wijkiligek} te}}nvk hl wte}iea ga~w}nvikj+

]`n wte}iea e~}hghvvnae}ihk w}e}iw}igw w`hz }è} }`n |ea~nw }ebnk hk fy }`n |eviefan hl

ik}nvnw} e} }`n millnvnk} ahge}ihkw evn chvn wte}ieaay ga~w}nvnm }èk }`ny zh~am fn ~kmnv

e vekmhc ewwijkcnk}+ ]ìw iw }`n livw} w}nt ik }`n ekeaywiw hl wte}iea me}e+ ]`n wnghkm

w}nt iw }h likm h~} z`y w~g` ga~w}nvikj hgg~vw (Ekwnaik 5996) wh }è} }`n ettvhtvie}n

nghkhcn}vig chmna gek fn ettainm ik }`n ekeaywiw+

Ik }`n ai}nve}~vn! }ytigeaay }zh }ytnw hl wte}iea mntnkmnkgnw evn ghkwimnvnm? ]`n livw}hkn }ebnw }`n lhvc hl e wte}iea e~}hvnjvnwwi|n tvhgnww ik }`n nvvhv }nvc ekm iw vnlnvvnm

}h ew }`nwte}iea nvvhv chmna+ ]`n wnghkm }ebnw }`n lhvc hl e cipnm vnjvnwwi|n wte}iea

e~}hvnjvnwwi|n tvhgnww! geaanm }`nwte}iea aej chmna+

Wte}iea nvvhv chmna? "3 PY z`nvn + "3 Z Z`nvn Y iw }`n k~cfnv hl

aikbnm W@Jw tnv `h~wn`hamw ik e gnv}eik miw}vig}! Pevn gh|evie}nw! iw ek nvvhv

}nvc! iw }`n wte}iea e~}hvnjvnwwi|n tevecn}nv! Z }`n znij`} ce}vip ekm

mnkh}nw e |ng}hv hl `hchwbnmew}ig ekm ~kghvvnae}nm nvvhvw (Ekwnaik ekm @~meb

5996)+

Wte}iea aej chmna? ""3 PZYY ! z`nvn mnkh}nw }`n wte}iea e~}hvnjvnwwi|n

tevecn}nv! ZYmnkh}nw }`n wte}ieaay aejjnm mntnkmnk} |eviefan! ekm eaa }`n h}`nv}nvcw evn mnliknm ew efh|n (Ekwnaik ekm @~meb 5996)+6=

W}e}iw}igea }nw}w lhv fh}` bikmw hl wte}iea mntnkmnkgn evn tnvlhvcnm+ ]h mh wh! e wictan

HAW chmna ziaa fn nw}ice}nm livw}+ ]`n Chvek*w Iw}e}iw}ig gek }`nk fn ~wnm }h je~jn

}`n an|na hl wte}iea mntnkmnkgn ik }`n vnwim~eaw hl }ìw HAW vnjvnwwihk ekm }`~w tvh|imn

whcn emmi}ihkea o~w}ilige}ihk lhv ~wikj chvn vijhvh~w wte}iea nghkhcn}vig cn}`hmw (wnn!

n+j+ ]inlnawmhvl 6444 lhv mn}eiaw)+ ]`n Aejvekjn C~a}itainv }nw}w gek }`nk fn ~wnm }h

}nw} zìg` wte}iea nvvhv chmna iw chw} ettvhtvie}n6>+

Vnw~a}w hl }ìw }nw}ikj tvhgnm~vn (]efanw evn tvh|imnm ik Ettnkmip 6+N) anem }h }`n

mngiwihk hl nw}ice}ikj e wte}iea aej chmna+ Ik emmi}ihk }h }`n nw}ice}nm }nw} w}e}iw}igw!

}`n ch}i|e}ihk lhv e wte}iea aej chmna iw w~tthv}nm fy lhvcea }`nhvn}igea ghkgnvkw wikgn

}ìw chmna iw jnknveaay wnnk }h fn ettvhtvie}n z`nk }`n lhg~w hl ik}nvnw} iw }`newwnwwcnk} hl }`n npiw}nkgn ekm w}vnkj}` hl wte}iea ik}nveg}ihkw+

E wte}iea aej chmna iw `nkgn ~wnm }h ekeaywn mn}nvcikikj leg}hvw hl }`n hfwnv|nm

wtvnem! ~wikj e miw}ekgn ce}vip ew znij`} ce}vip+

6= Ik }ìw chmna }`n gh|evie}nw ik }`n h}`nv gh~k}vinw hkay ikmivng}ay icteg} }`n g~vvnk} yi! }`vh~j` }`nivicteg} hk }`n yo lhv h}`nv gh~k}vinw! zìg` }`nk ik }~vk icteg}w }`n g~vvnk} yi+ I} iw eawh thwwifan }h eaahz }`ngh|evie}nw ik h}`nv gh~k}vinw }h mivng}ay icteg} }`n g~vvnk} yi! fy emmikj e zip }nvc }h }`n chmna! z`nvn pvnlnvw }h }`n |ea~nw hl }`n gh|evie}nw lhv eaa gh~k}vinw+ ]ìw iw newy }h mh ~wikj w}ekmevm cn}`hmw! ekm ge~wnwkh nghkhcn}vig tvhfancw+ Wnn Tegn ekm Fevvy (5990) }h hf}eik chvn mn}eiaw hl }ìw }ytn hl chmna+6> Mn}eiaw hl }`nwn }nw}w gek fn lh~km ik Ekwnaik ekm @~meb (5996) ekm Ekwnaik n} ea+ (599

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6+7+6+ Nptaeke}hvy \eviefanwIk mn}nvcikikj }`n nptaeke}hvy |eviefanw hl }`n ekeaywnm cigvhlikekgn wtvnem! }`vnn

evnew }è} evn hl jvne} icthv}ekgn ekm mnfe}n z`nk i} ghcnw }h }`n wte}iea micnkwihk hl

}`n cigvhlikekgn wng}hv evn ~wnm ew e }`nhvn}igea j~imnaikn+ E w`hv} h~}aikn hl }`nwn

iww~nw iw ji|nk fnahz+ Chvn mn}eiaw hk wtngilig |eviefanw ekm `hz nw}ice}nm

ghnlligink}w è|n }h fn ik}nvtvn}nm ziaa fn ji|nk z`nk miwg~wwikj }`n vnw~a}w hl }`n

ekeaywiw+

An|na hl Mn|nahtcnk}

]`n livw} ghkgnvk iw }`n vnae}ihkwìt fn}znnk cigvhlikekgn ekm }`n an|na hl

mn|nahtcnk} ik }`n millnvnk} vnjihkw hl ]ecia Kem~+ Wikgn cigvhlikekgn! `nvn

vntvnwnk}nm fy W@Jw! iw e }hha }h nvemige}n th|nv}y hkn zh~am `htn }è} i} ik}nveg}w ik

evnew z`nvn i} iw chw} knnmnm! `nkgn z`nvn micnkwihkw w~g` ew ikghcn hv `~cek

mn|nahtcnk} evn ahznw}+ Iki}ieaay! }`n ictancnk}e}ihk hl }`n tvhjveccn lhaahznm e

wte}iea ettvheg`+ Wnang}nm ikmige}hvw hl zhcnkw w}e}~w (ikga~mikj nm~ge}ihkea

e}}eikcnk}! ai}nvegy! ce}nvkea chv}eai}y! mntnkmnkgy ~thk ejvig~a}~vn lhv nctahycnk}!

tnvgnk}ejn hl wg`nm~anm gew}n ekm wg`nm~anm }vifn6< ik lncean tht~ae}ihk) znvn

ekeaywnm ekm }ebnk ew e fewiw fy ILEM ik ghkw~a}e}ihk zi}` }`n ]ecia Kem~

jh|nvkcnk} ekm gi|ia whgin}y }h mngimn hk z`nvn }h ictancnk} }`n tiah} tèwnw+

Mngiwihk zew }ebnk }h htnve}n ik }`hwn miw}vig}w hl ]ecia Kem~ zi}` }`n ahznw} wghvnw!

i+n+ }`n miw}vig}w hl Mèvcet~vi ekm Wh~}` Evgh} (khz mi|imnm ik}h G~mmeahvn ekm

\iaa~t~vec) (@ha|hn}! 644>)+ I} iw hl ik}nvnw} z`n}`nv }`n tvihvi}y }hzevmw }`nwn anwwnv

mn|nahtnm miw}vig}w tvn|eianm ik }`n ynevw el}nv }`n wn}#~t hl }`n tvhjveccn hv z`n}`nv

tviceginw wìl}nm+

An|na hl Fekbikj

Cigvhlikekgn iw }evjn}nm e} }è} tev} hl }`n tht~ae}ihk }è} mhnw kh} è|n eggnww }h

lhvcea likekgiea wnv|ignw+ ]ìw eic hl likekgiea ikga~wihk iw ji|nk ceohv icthv}ekgn+

Ganev wijkeaw }è} w}vnww }`n tvihvi}y hl cigvhlikekgn ew e }hha }h nvemige}n th|nv}y znvn

ji|nk fy }`n ik}nvke}ihkea ghcc~ki}y h|nv vngnk} ynevw? ]`n J0 cnn}ikj ik 644=! }`nmngaeve}ihk hl }`n ynev 644> ew }`n ynev hl cigvhlikekgn fy }`n ^ki}nm Ke}ihkw! }`n

egghaemn hl Chèccnm Y~k~w ekm }`n Jvecnnk Fekb zi}` }`n Khfna Tnegn Tvign ik

644

}evjn} hl lhg~wikj hk likekgiea ikga~wihk ghikgimikj zi}` hkn hl }`n ceik hfong}i|nw

hl }`n W@J chmna (Tevnb`! 644

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An|na hl Whgiea Tvh}ng}ihk

]`n }ìvm iww~n iw z`n}`nv miw}vig}w }è} evn chvn eg}i|nay ik|ha|nm ik }`n tvh|iwihk hl

whgiea tvh}ng}ihk }èk h}`nvw eawh lhw}nv chvn }èk e|nvejn }`n mn|nahtcnk} hl W@Jw+

Whgiea tvh}ng}ihk ghkwiw}w hl thaiginw ekm tvhjveccnw mnwijknm }h vnm~gn th|nv}y ekm

|~aknvefiai}y+ ]`n Ewiek Mn|nahtcnk} Fekb (EMF) imnk}ilinw li|n evnew hl whgiea

tvh}ng}ihk+ ]`n me}e e|eiaefan eaahzw }nw}ikj |eviefanw hk lh~v hl }`nwn evnew+ ]`n

mntnkmnk} |eviefan hl }`n ekeaywiw leaaw ik}h }`n lil}` ekm likea hl }ìw gaewwilige}ihk+]`n evnew ekm e|eiaefan |eviefanw evn miwtaeynm ik ]efan 6+5+

]efan 6+5+ Evnew hl Whgiea Tvh}ng}ihk ekm ghvvnwthkmikj |eviefanw

WHGIEA TVH]NG]IHK EVNE \EVIEFAN ^WNM IK ]@N EKEAYWIW

5+ Aefh~v cevbn}?

Thaiginw ekm tvhjveccnw mnwijknm }h tvhch}n nctahycnk}! }`n nlligink}htnve}ihk hl aefh~v cevbn}w ekm }`n

tvh}ng}ihk hl zhvbnvw

Tvicn Cikiw}nv Vhjev Yhoeke*w tvhjveccn eicikj }htvh|imn wnal#Nctahycnk} }h Nm~ge}nm ^knctahynm Yh~}`zew ekkh~kgnm fy }`n Tvicn Cikiw}nv hk 5>}` E~j~w}!5997+ ]`n jhea zew }h tvh|imn wnal#nctahynm htthv}~ki}inw}h hkn ciaaihk nm~ge}nm ~knctahynm yh~}` ik }`n gh~k}vy+]`n Wg`ncn zew lhvceaay ae~kg`nm hk 6km Hg}hfnv! 5997+]`n ech~k} hl V~tnnw miwf~vwnm tnv `h~wn`ham iw ~wnm ewek ikmige}ikj |eviefan+

6+ Whgiea ikw~vekgn?

Tvhjveccnw }h g~wìhk }`n viwbwewwhgie}nm zi}` ~knctahycnk}! iaa`nea}`! miwefiai}y! zhvb#vnae}nm iko~vyekm ham ejn

]`n k~cfnv hl namnvay fnknli}ikj lvhc ham#ejn fnknli}

wg`ncn ew e tnvgnk}ejn }h }h}ea tht~ae}ihk iw ~wnm ew }`nikmige}ikj |eviefan (tanewn kh}n }è} kh iklhvce}ihk zewe|eiaefan hk }`n win hl }`n namnvay tht~ae}ihk i}wnal

7+ Whgiea ewwiw}ekgn?

Whgiea ewwiw}ekgn ekm znalevn wnv|ign tvhjveccnw lhv }`n chw} |~aknvefanjvh~tw zi}` kh h}`nv cnekw hl emnu~e}nw~tthv}! ikga~mikj wikjan ch}`nvw! }`n`hcnanww! hv t`ywigeaay hv cnk}eaaygèaankjnm tnhtan+

]`n nctèwiw ik }`n w~ggnwwi|n Li|n Ynev Taekw mn|nahtnm fy }`n Taekkikj Ghcciwwihk hl Ikmie èw fnnk }h fvikjefh~} nghkhcig ekm whgiea mn|nahtcnk} hl miwem|ek}ejnmjvh~tw ik }`n whgin}y! wg`nm~anm gew}nw ekm wg`nm~anm }vifnwvngni|ikj wtngiea e}}nk}ihk+ Nllhv} èw fnnk cemn }hikgvnewn nu~eai}y }`vh~j` whgih#nghkhcig mn|nahtcnk}wg`ncnw+ ]`n k~cfnv hl lvnn `h~wnm miw}vif~}nm }hcncfnvw hl }`n wg`nm~anm gew}nw iw hkn npectan }è}vnlang}w w~g` e whgiea wg`ncn+

=+ Gìam tvh}ng}ihk?

}h nkw~vn }`n `nea}`y ekm tvhm~g}i|nmn|nahtcnk} hl gìamvnk+

Zi}` }`n eic }h vnm~gn }`n nghkhcig ghw} hl wnkmikj e gìam}h wg`hha ekm fy }ìw ikgvnewn nkvhacnk}! }`n W}e}n

Jh|nvkcnk} hl ]ecia Kem~ èw ik}vhm~gnm |evih~w

wg`ncnw! ikga~mikj }`n Khhk Cnea Wg`ncn ew znaa ew }`ntvh|iwihk hl lvnn }np}fhhbw ekm ~kilhvcw+ Me}e hk }`n ae}}nv}zh znvn e|eiaefan hk e miw}vig} an|na+ W~g` }np}fhhbw ekm~kilhvcw evn tvh|imnm }h eaa gìamvnk w}~myikj ~t }h Gaeww\III ik }`n jh|nvkcnk} ekm jh|nvkcnk}#eimnm wg`hhaw(~kilhvcw gh|nv n|nk eaa bimw ~t }h gaeww P)+L~v}`nvchvn! iklhvce}ihk tvh|imnm fy leciay znalevngnk}vnw ik v~vea ew znaa ew ~vfek evnew iw ~wnm+

>+ Cigvh#ekm evne#fewnm wg`ncnw?

}h emmvnww |~aknvefiai}y e} }`nghcc~ki}y an|na! ikga~mikjcigvhikw~vekgn! whgiea l~kmw ekm

tvhjveccnw }h cekejn ke}~vea miwew}nvw+

]ìw iw }`n evne }h fn }nw}nm+ ]`n mntnkmnk} |eviefan iw }`ng~c~ae}i|n k~cfnv hl W@Jw tnv k~cfnv hl `h~wn`hamw ik emiw}vig} (}h fn naefhve}nm hk fnahz)+

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6+7+7+ Vnw~a}w ekm }`niv Ik}nvtvn}e}ihk]`n likea chmna ikga~mnw |eviefanw }`e} gek fn taegnm ~kmnv hkn hv chvn hl }`nwn

mnwgvifnm evnew hl mnfe}n+ ]efan 6+= tvnwnk}w }`n likea vnw~a}w+6:

]efan 6+=+ Nw}ice}ihk Vnw~a}w hl }`n Likea Chmna Wtngilige}ihk

Ghnll+ W}m+ Nvv+ #w}e} T;qqIkghcn ikmnp #9+06: 7+>97 #6+:7 4+44=5 6++:= 4+444Ghkw}ek} 5+96: 7+::6 4+>5 4+90 (4+444)Aejvekjn c~a}itainv }nw} hl v`h34? g`i6(5) 3

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Lhv npectan }`n e|eiaefiai}y hl fekbikj wnv|ignw (vntvnwnk}nm fy }`n |eviefan kh hl

v~vea fekb fvekg`nw tnv 5!444 `h~wn`hamw) ikla~nkgnw }`n ghw} hl w~ttay ekm

tnvgni|nm viwbiknww thwi}i|nay ik }`n wnkwn }è} }`n e|eiaefiai}y hl fekbikj wnv|ignw ik

ek evne iw `yth}`nwiwnm }h ikm~gn ek ikw}i}~}ihk }h htnve}n zi}ìk }`n wecn evne+ ]ìw iw

m~n }h cigvhlikekgn tvh|imnvw (ekm nwtngieaay }`n W@J Fekb Aikbejn Tvhjvec)

}ytigeaay mntnkmikj hk }`nwn lhvcea likekgiea ikw}i}~}ihkw }h cebn gew` miwf~vwncnk}

ekm mnthwi}w+ L~v}`nvchvn! i} iw aibnay }è} fekbw }`ncwna|nw evn lh~km ik evnew zi}`

le|h~vefan w~ttay ghkmi}ihkw w~g` ew jhhm iklvew}v~g}~vn zìg` ejeik vnm~gnw ghw}w

ik htnve}ihk+

Fhp 6+5? Wèvce ekm _naanvw (5999) Taegncnk} V~an

Cigvhlikekgn iw tveiwnm }hmey ew }`n }hha }h nvemige}n th|nv}y ekm chw} ikw}i}~}ihkw ekmhvjekiwe}ihkw wtngiligeaay cnk}ihk th|nv}y#}evjn}ikj ik }`niv ciwwihk w}e}ncnk}+ ]`niv

tvikgitea eic iw }`n whgiea ciwwihk2 }h vnm~gn th|nv}y (\i}ea Likekgn! Fnkik)! }htvhch}n e aevjn k~cfnv hl w~w}eikefan ai|nai`hhmw (FEWIP Ikmie)! }h ji|n tnhtan }`n}hhaw }h zhvb }`niv zey h~} hl th|nv}y (EGGIHK Ik}nvke}ihkea)! }h tvhch}n }`nnghkhcig mn|nahtcnk} hl Mhcikigek zhcnk ekm ik}njve}n }`nc ekm }`niv leciainw ik}h}`n lhvcea nghkhcig wyw}nc (EMHTNC! Mhcikigek Vnt~faig) }h kecn o~w} e lnz+ Hknzh~am }`nvnlhvn eww~cn }è} mnai|nvikj ikw}i}~}ihkw! ikga~mikj }`n jh|nvkcnk}! htnve}n ikevnew z`nvn i} iw chw} knnmnm! `nkgn z`nvn th|nv}y ikmige}hvw evn ìj`nw}+

Kn|nv}`nanww }`n ghw} hl w~ttay èw kh} w~vtviwikjay # fnnk w`hzk }h fn nwtngieaay ìj`

z`nk wnv|ikj }`n knnminw}+ ]`nvn iw e jvne} mnfe}n ik }`n cigvhlikekgn wng}hv ew }h `hz}`nwn ghw}w w`h~am fn gh|nvnm+ ]`n mnfe}n n|ha|nw efh~} }`n w~w}eikefiai}y hl

cigvhlikekgn ekm }`n mnt}` hl i}w h~}vneg` (Vhfikwhk! 64452 G~aa ekm eaa! 644:)+ I}ncnvjnm lvhc }`n mnchkw}ve}ihk }è} m~n }h ikkh|e}ihkw ik }`n cigvhlikekgn wng}hv! ew~fw}ek}iea thv}ihk hl }ìw knz cevbn} gh~am ik leg} fn ank} }h tvhli}efiai}y+ ]ìwvneaie}ihk èw }`nk mvezk tvhli}#ch}i|e}nm ankmikj ikw}i}~}ihkw ik}h }`nwn cevbn}w ekmmhkhvw è|n ekm evn u~nw}ihkikj }`n knnm lhv ghk}ik~nm w~fwiminw! vnw~a}ikj ik }`n vngnk}lhg~w hk ikw}i}~}ihkea w~w}eikefiai}y ik }`n CLI wng}hv (CgIk}hw` ekm Zymigb! 644>)+Cigvhlikekgn fngecn f~wiknww+ Gvi}igw hl }ìw mn|nahtcnk} lnev }è} CLIw }nkm }h fn whc~g` tvnhgg~tinm fy }`niv hzk likekgiea w~w}eikefiai}y }è} }`ny ch|n ezey lvhc }`n

thhv ew }`niv tvnlnvvnm gaink}nan ekm }nkm }h w}ev} tvh|imikj fijjnv ahekw gahwnv }h ahzikghcn wng}ihk hl }`n tht~ae}ihk ikw}nem hl mnntnkikj }`niv h~}vneg` }h ikga~mn }`n chw}knnmy+Hl l~v}`nv icthv}ekgn }h fn efan }h gh|nv ghw}w f~} eawh }h è|n jvne}nw} icteg}! iw egnv}eik ceww hl g~w}hcnvw+ Z`nvn mncekm iw ìj`nw}! }`n cevjikea icteg} hk

tev}igite}ikj `h~wn`hamw iw eawh aibnay }h fn }`n ìj`nw}! zìan e} }`n wecn }icn vnm~gikj}`n cevjikea ghw} hl w~ttayikj wnv|ignw+ ]ìw nptaeikw }`n znij`} hl nptng}nm mncekm ik

}`n taegncnk} mngiwihk+Likeaay! ikw}i}~}ihkw taegn ghkwimnvefan znij`} hk tnvgni|nm viwbiknww hl htnve}ihkw z`nkmngimikj z`nvn }h htnve}n+ I} iw hl gh~vwn icthv}ek} lhv ek hvjekie}ihk }h bnnt ìj`vnteycnk} ve}nw }h gh|nv ghw}w ekm }h bnnt eggnww }h ceikw}vnec hk e ghk}ik~h~w fewiw!

zìg` iw fnw} egìn|nm z`nk viwb iw cikicinm+

Kn|nv}`nanww! cigvhlikekgn iw wnnk ew e }hha }h fekb }`n ~kfekbnm tnhtan }è} è|n

kh eggnww (ikga~mikj t`ywigea eggnww) }h lhvcea likekgiea wnv|ignw+ ]`nvnlhvn! ik |inz

hl }`n whgiea ciwwihk hl ek CLI (ekm `nkgn hl th|nv}y }evjn}ikj)! hkn zh~am `htn

}è} CLIw htnve}n tvnmhcikek}ay ik evnew z`nvn lhvcea likekgiea wnv|ignw evn kh} ew

vnemiay e|eiaefan! z`nvn }`n `~cek mn|nahtcnk} ikmige}hvw evn ahz! n}g+ ]`nvnlhvn! ik

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}nvcw hl ghw} hl w~ttay! }`n nw}ice}nm ghnlligink} hl e|eiaefiai}y hl fekbikj wnv|ignw

iw }`nhvinm }h fn thwi}i|n! ekm knje}i|n z`nk ghkwimnvikj }`n jhea hl }evjn}ikj

npga~mnm jvh~tw w~g` ew }`n ~kfekbnm60+

Ew ik }ìw npectan! eawh ik }`n vnceikikj gewnw }ìw ecfij~i}y }~vkw h~} }h fn

le|h~vefan z`nk mnvi|ikj ghkga~wihkw zi}` vnwtng} }h }`n }`vnn iww~nw hl ghkgnvk

tvn|ih~way miwg~wwnm+ ]ìw ziaa fnghcn ganev ik }`n lhaahzikj miwg~wwihk hl nw}ice}nm

ghnlligink}w hl }`n chmna+

Ikghcn Ikmnp , Ai}nvegy?

Lnznv W@Jw tnv `h~wn`ham evn lh~km ik evnew }è} evn chvn mn|nahtnm! ew mnliknm fy

}`n ikmige}hvw hk ikghcn ekm ai}nvegy+

]`nvn evn chvn W@Jw ik evnew z`nvn ikghcn iw ahznv? ]`n nw}ice}nm ghnlligink} hl }`n

Ikghcn Ikmnp69 iw wijkiligek}ay knje}i|n! cnekikj }è} }`n ìj`nv }`n ikghcn ik }`n

vnjihk! }`n anww k~cfnv hl W@Jw tnv `h~wn`hamw znvn aikbnm! ekm! vnwtng}i|nay! }`n

ìj`nv }`n ai}nvegy ve}n ik e vnjihk! }`n lnznv k~cfnv hl W@Jw znvn tvh|imnm zi}` e

lhvcea fekb ahek+

]`nwn likmikjw gek fn vnae}nm }h }`n h|nveaa ciwwihk hl }`n tvhjveccn }h wnv|n }`n

thhv f~} gek emmi}ihkeaay fn e}}vif~}nm }h }`n leg} }è} m~vikj }`n tiah} tèwn! }`n

}evjn}ikj ghkgnk}ve}nm hk }`n thhvnw} zhcnk ik v~vea evnew+ Jnhjvetìgeaay! }`n

tvhong} zew ictancnk}nm iki}ieaay ik lh~v ghk}ij~h~w miw}vig}w (Mèvcet~vi! Weanc!

G~mmeahvn ekm \iaa~t~vec) ekm np}nkmnm }h }zh h}`nv miw}vig}w m~vikj ictancnk}e}ihk

(Cem~vei ekm Veceke}èt~vec)+ Egghvmikj }h e vnthv} hl ILEM?

]`n tvhong} lhg~wnm hk miw}vig}w }è} znvn fegbzevm ik }nvcw hl `~cekmn|nahtcnk}! w~g` ew Mèvcet~vi ekm Veceke}èt~vec! ekm h}`nv evnew zi}`ìj` an|naw hl lncean iklek}igimn w~g` ew Cem~vei ekm Weanc+ (ILEM! 5990)

Kn|nv}`nanww! ew ziaa fn miwg~wwnm knp}! }ìw lhg~w mhnw kh} wnnc }h è|n }ebnk taegn ew

wijkiligek}ay ew hkn zh~am è|n `htnm lhv+

60 ]ìw iw kh} }h wey }è} e thwi}i|n ghnlligink} ictainw }è} kh th|nv}y }evjn}ikj }ebnw taegn+ Ceky thhv cij`}ai|n zi}ìk e vnewhkefan miw}ekgn lvhc e fekb fvekg` f~} evn npga~mnm lvhc eggnwwikj }`niv wnv|ignw m~n }h ek~cfnv hl h}`nv thwwifan vnewhkw2 w~g` ew fnikj }hh thhv }h ellhvm knnmnm hlligiea tetnvw hv kh} n|nk fnikj

eaahznm }h nk}nv e fvekg`+69 \ea~nw hl tnv geti}e JMT (TTT-) lhv zhcnk ekm cnk evn geag~ae}nm lvhc }`n lncean wèvn (wl) ekm ceanwèvn (wc) hl nevknm ikghcn+ ]`nwn wèvnw! ik }~vk! evn nw}ice}nm lvhc }`n ve}ih hl }`n lncean zejn (z l) }h}`n cean zejn (zc) ekm }`n tnvgnk}ejn wèvnw hl zhcnk (ne l) ekm cnk (ne c) ik }`n nghkhcigeaay eg}i|n

tht~ae}ihk+ Z`nk }`n me}e hk }`n zejn ve}ih evn kh} e|eiaefan! e |ea~n hl :> tnv gnk} iw ~wnm+ (]ecia Kem~@~cek Mn|nahtcnk} Vnthv} (6447)! t+=)

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@~cek Mn|nahtcnk} Ikmnp?

]`n chmna ikga~mnw }`n @~cek Mn|nahtcnk} Ikmnp! zìg` zew geag~ae}nm fy ]`n

Jh|nvkcnk} hl ]ecia Kem~ ik 6447+ I} iw e ghcthwi}n ikmnp! gh|nvikj }`n lhaahzikj

}`vnn micnkwihkw hl ai|ikj w}ekmevmw?

]`n chmna vnw~a}w w~jjnw} }è} e ìj`nv an|na hl `~cek mn|nahtcnk} iw ewwhgie}nm zi}`

chvn aikbnm W@Jw+ Wtngiligeaay! }`n thwi}i|n wijk hl }`n @MI wnncw }h fn mvi|nk fy

e}}eikcnk}w ik ahkjn|i}y! }`n nkvhacnk} ve}ih! hv fh}`+ ]ìw iw fnge~wn |eviefanw leaaikj

~kmnv }`n vnceikikj }zh micnkwihkw hl }`n @MI (ai}nvegy ve}n ekm }`n ikghcn ikmnp)

evn nw}ice}nm }h è|n e knje}i|n ghnlligink}+

Ahkjn|i}y ew ek ikmige}hv hl `~cek mn|nahtcnk} get}~vnw wn|nvea ewtng}w hl znalevn!

fnge~wn hl i}w gahwn ghvvnae}ihk zi}` k~}vi}ihk! `nea}` ekm h}`nv fihahjigea ekm whgiea

egìn|ncnk}w+ (]ecia Kem~ @~cek Mn|nahtcnk} Vnthv} (6447)! t+=)+Ji|nk }`nwn vnw~a}w! i} wnncw }è} ]`hve} (6447) zew vij`} ik ìw hfwnv|e}ihk }è} RS

ik w}e}nw zìg` è|n e aevjnv wèvn hl }`n thhv! }`n gh|nvejn iw ghcteve}i|nay ahz+

Eawh \ioey Ceèoek! lh~kmnv hl FEWIP! ek ikla~nk}iea ai|nai`hhm tvhch}ihk ikw}i}~}ihk

ik Ikmie ìjàij`}w }`n tvhfanc? }`nvn iw e vnea viwb }è} ik gnanfve}ikj }`n W@J Fekb

aikbejn cigvhgvnmi} tvhjveccn! e}}nk}ihk iw mi|nv}nm lvhc }`n aevjnv tvhfanc hl

likekgiea npga~wihk hl }`n thhv ekm fekbw evn an} hll }`n `hhb lvhc }`niv vnea ohf+

Ceèoek (644>)

]`n knp} miwg~wwihk ~kmnvaiknw }ìw ae}}nv w}e}ncnk}+

K~cfnv hl v~vea fekb fvekg`nw tnv 5444 `h~wn`hamw! Ech~k} miwf~vwnm lhv

ejvig~a}~vea gvnmi} (ew tnvgnk}ejn }h }h}ea ech~k} miwf~vwnm) , Ech~k} fhvvhznm }h

h}`nv wceaa ikm~w}vy wng}hv74

Ew aeim h~} ik }`n npectan efh|n! }`n wijk hl }`n ghnlligink} hl k~cfnv hl fekb

fvekg`nw iw ikla~nkgnm fy wn|nvea ghkwimnve}ihkw whcn le|h~vikj }`n htnve}ihk z`nvn

74 Wceaa Nk}nvtviwnw iw mnliknm fy }`n VFI ew wceaa (cek~leg}~vikj) nk}nvtviwnw nkjejnm ik cek~leg}~vn tvhm~g}ihk! tvhgnwwikj hv tvnwnv|e}ihk hl jhhmw! ekm wceaa (wnv|ign) nk}nvtviwnw nkjejnm ik tvh|imikj hv

vnkmnvikj hl wnv|ignw! ekm z`hwn ik|nw}cnk} ik taek} ekm cegìknvy ekm nu~itcnk} (hvijikea ghw} npga~mikjaekm ekm f~iamikj ekm w~g` i}ncw ew cnk}ihknm }`nvnik) mhnw kh} npgnnm e gnv}eik ech~k}+ I} l~v}`nvchvnikga~mnw eky tnvwhk tvh|imikj ikt~}w }h hv cevbn}ikj }`n h~}t~} hl ev}iwekw! |iaaejn ekm gh}}ejn ikm~w}vinw!èkmahhcw ekm }h ghhtnve}i|nw hl tvhm~gnvw ik }ìw wng}hv+H}`nv Wceaa F~wiknww Wnv|ign Nk}nvtviwnw }`nk ikga~mn wceaa f~wiknww! vn}eia }vemn! tvhlnwwihkea , wnal#nctahynm tnvwhkw! wceaa vhem , ze}nv }vekwthv} htnve}hvw ekm eaa h}`nv wnv|ign nk}nvtviwnw+

Micnkwihk Micnkwihkw \eviefanw

5+ E}}eikcnk} ik ahkjn|i}y Ailn nptng}ekgy e} fiv}`6+ Nm~ge}ihkea e}}eikcnk} e) Em~a} ai}nvegy ve}n

f) Ghcfiknm nkvhacnk} ve}ih (tvicevy! wnghkmevy ekm }nv}ievy)

7+ Ghccekm h|nv vnwh~vgnw Vnea tnv geti}e ikghcn

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e fekbikj kn}zhvb iw ik taegn (ghw} ekm viwb ghkwimnve}ihkw)! h}`nvw leg}hvw w~tthv}ikj

ve}`nv }`n mngiwihk }h ahge}n ik evnew anww wnv|nm fy likekgiea ikw}i}~}ihkw (whgiea

ciwwihk)+

]`n chmna ew tvnwnk}nm ik ]efan 6+= nw}ice}nw e thwi}i|n ghnlligink} ik }`n k~cfnv hl

v~vea fekb fvekg`nw tnv `h~wn`hamw! zìg` w~tthv}w e w}e}ncnk} cemn fy }`n gèivcek

hl KEFEVM?

Fekbw }`vh~j` }`niv v~vea fvekg`nw è|n taeynm ekm ghk}ik~n }h taey ek icthv}ek}

vhan ik tvh|imikj likekgiea wnv|ignw }h }`n thhv hk e w}ekmeahkn fewiw+ (]`hve}! 644

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6! KEFEVM tvnlnvw W@J aikbejn chmna lhv cigvhlikekgn! KnzMnaì! 6> Hg}hfnv)

Yh~}` knctahycnk} tvhjveccn (tnv h~wn`ham)?

]`n knje}i|n wijk hl }`n nw}ice}nm ghnlligink} w~jjnw}w }è} chvn ik|ha|ncnk} fy }`n

miw}vig} ik whgiea tvh}ng}ihk wg`ncnw iw ewwhgie}nm zi}` e anwwnv k~cfnv hl W@Jw `nvn

}h fn wnnk }`vh~j` }`n |eviefan yh~}` ~knctahycnk} (tnv `h~wn`ham)+ 76 Eicikj }h

tvh|imn wnal#Nctahycnk} }h Nm~ge}nm ^knctahynm Yh~}` Tvicn Cikiw}nv Vhjev

Yhoeke*w tvhjveccn zew ekkh~kgnm fy }`n Tvicn Cikiw}nv hk 5>}` E~j~w}! 5997+

]`n jhea zew }h tvh|imn wnal#nctahynm htthv}~ki}inw }h hkn ciaaihk nm~ge}nm

~knctahynm yh~}`w ik }`n gh~k}vy+ ]`n Wg`ncn zew lhvceaay ae~kg`nm hk 6km

Hg}hfnv! 5997+ ]`n |eviefan èw e knje}i|n ghnlligink}! zìg` cnekw }è} ek ikgvnewn

ik V~tnnw wtnk} (tnv `h~wn`ham) hk }ìw tvhjvec! vnw~a}w ik lnznv k~cfnvw hl W@Jw

aikbnm+

Hkn cij`} è|n w~wtng}nm }è} chvn nkjejnm miw}vig}w eawh w~tthv} }`n lhvce}ihk hl

W@Jw chvn! f~} }`nvn wnncw }h fn e whv} hl }vemn#hll+ ]`n vnewhk lhv }ìw iw

w~ccevinm fy Tvechm (644? 70) w}e}nw }`n wecn imne lvhc }`n

htthwi}n tnvwtng}i|n? ^knctahycnk} ve}nw evn u~i}n ìj` ik ]ecia Kem~! nwtngieaay ik

}nvcw hl meiay ~knctahycnk}+ Ik }`n tew}! th|nv}y eaan|ie}ihk wg`ncnw è|n lhg~wnm

chvn hk ewwn} gvne}ihk ew e vnw~a} kh} nkh~j` nctèwiw èw fnnk taegnm hknctahycnk} jnknve}ihk+ ]ìw hfwnv|e}ihk ~kmnvaiknw }`n imne }è} e wìl} e} }`n thaigy

an|na }h t~} chvn nctèwiw hk tvhjveccnw w~g` ew }`n yh~}` ~knctahycnk} hkn! gek

w}iv ezey lvhc h}`nv th|nv}y wg`ncnw w~g` ew }`n gvne}ihk hl W@Jw+

Vnw~a}w w~jjnw} }è} }`nvn evn miw}vig}w }è} wnn W@Jw ew ek ettevnk}ay fn}}nv ht}ihk

}èk h}`nv whgiea tvhjveccnw! }`h~j` }`n }zh evn kh} c~}~eaay npga~wi|n+

76 ]ìw w}e}ncnk} iw `nvn hkay w~tthv}nm fy }`n nw}ice}n lhv hkn |eviefan+ Kn|nv}`nanww! }`n ikga~wihk hl h}`nv|eviefanw (mnwgvifnm ik Ettnkmip 6+G) anem }h }`n wecn ghkga~wihk+

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Ik}nvtvn}e}ihk hl V@H (Ikla~nkgn hl Knij`fh~vw)

Ew eavnemy aeim h~} efh|n! w}vhkj n|imnkgn lhv wte}iea e~}hghvvnae}ihk iw lh~km! zìg`

iw khz ghklivcnm ejeik fy }`n wijkiligek} wte}iea e~}hghvvnae}ihk tevecn}nv! v`h+

Ik}nvnw}ikjay! i} iw }`n miw}ekgn fn}znnk miw}vig} geti}eaw }è} taeyw ek ikla~nk}iea vhan

ekm kh} ke}ihkea fhvmnvw! cnekikj }è} eggh~k}ikj lhv mivng} knij`fh~v`hhm }`vh~j` e

fikevy ikmige}hv hv chvn vnliknm fy ikmige}ikj }`n ankj}` (ik bc) hl wèvnm fhvmnv iw

kh} wijkiligek}+

Ew hkn zh~am è|n nptng}nm! }`n ikla~nkgn hl jnhjvetìgea miw}ekgn fn}znnk geti}eaw

iw nw}ice}nm }h fn knje}i|n! ikmige}ikj }è} tvhpici}y èw e thwi}i|n ikla~nkgn hk }`n

wtvnem hl }`n W@J ch|ncnk}+ Ik h}`nv zhvmw! e gèkjn ik }`n k~cfnv hl W@Jw ik hkn

miw}vig} èw e jvne}nv ikla~nkgn hk knij`fh~vikj hv gahwn miw}vig}w }èk hk hknw l~v}`nv

ezey+

6+=+ Ghkga~wihk

E |iwifan fhmy hl ai}nve}~vn mhg~cnk}ikj }`n mn|nahtcnk} hl }`n cigvhlikekgn wng}hv

mn|nahtcnk} èw jvhzk ik vngnk} ynevw+ @hzn|nv! }`nvn vnceikw e mnev}` hl vnwnevg`

emmvnwwikj }`n wte}iea mykecigw hl }`n hfwnv|nm nptekwihk (Mewj~t}e 6445)+ ]ìwgèt}nv iw e livw} w}nt }h liaa }ìw |him fy nctivigeaay nptahvikj }`n wtvnem hl }`n ceohv

chmna hl cigvhlikekgn ik Ikmie+

]`n w}~my ji|nw e tig}~vn hl }`n jnhjvetìgea iknu~eai}inw }è} ain fnìkm ek

nkhvch~way jvhzikj ekm w~ggnwwl~a mnai|nvy wyw}nc hl cigvhlikekgn wnv|ignw+ Zìan

chvn ekm chvn Ikmiek `h~wn`hamw evn fnikj vneg`nm! gnv}eik evnew hkay |nvy vngnk}ay

ghcn ik}h ghk}eg} zi}` }ìw chmna! zìan h}`nvw evn w}iaa }h}eaay knjang}nm+

Vnewhkw fnìkm }ìw evn hl gh~vwn ceky lham+ Icthv}ek} hknw znvn ekeaynm ik }`n

wnghkm tev} hl }ìw gèt}nv+ ]`n nw}ice}ihk hl wijkiligek} mn}nvcikek}w hl }`n tvn|eiaikj

wtvnem w`hz wn|nvea ik}nvnw}ikj vnw~a}w! whcn hl zìg` hl jvne} icthv}ekgn }h thaigy

cebikj+

Lhv hkn! i} fnghcnw ganev }è} }`n tvhjveccn iw tvnmhcikek}ay eg}i|n ik evnew z`nvn efekbikj kn}zhvb npiw}w+ ]ìw iw kh} ek ~knptng}nm likmikj ji|nk }è} }`n eic hl }`n

tvhjvec iw }h aikb jvh~tw }h fekbw+ I} ictainw }`h~j` }è} zìan }`n tvhjveccn

emmvnwwnw }`n tht~ae}ihk }è} iw ~kfekbnm ceikay m~n }h }`niv nghkhcig w}e}~w! i}

npga~mnw }`hwn }è} evn (emmi}ihkeaay) ~kfekbnm ik e t`ywigea wnkwn+ ]h h|nvghcn }ìw

tvhfanc }`n Ikmiek jh|nvkcnk} knnmw }h ni}`nv t~w` lhv ek np}nkwihk hl }`n npiw}ikj

fekbikj kn}zhvb hv lhv e wha~}ihk }è} iw anww mntnkmnk} hk }`n lhvcea fekbikj kn}zhvb+

Tnvètw i} ziaa fn }`n cigvhlikekgn ikw}i}~}ihk chmna }è} taeyw e vhan ik wha|ikj }ìw

tvhfanc ekm tev}ig~aevay }ng`khahjigea ikkh|e}ihkw gek fn }`n jvne} `htn+ Hv ceyfn

}ìw iw z`nvn KJHw ghcn ik+ Zìan chw} w}iaa knnm }h nkèkgn }`niv wbiaaw ekm

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~kmnvw}ekmikj hl likekgn! i} iw }`niv lhg~w hk |ea~nw w~g` ew ikga~wihk! nu~i}y! o~w}ign

ekm mnchgvegy }è} u~eailinw }`nc }h l~alia e l~kg}ihk ik }`n tvhgnww+

Hl jvne}nv ghkgnvk iw }`n wnghkm ceohv likmikj hl }ìw w}~my+

\ioey Ceèoek! GNH ekm Cekejikj Mivng}hv hl }`n FEWIP jvh~t hl ghctekinw! je|n

ek eggh~k} hl }ìw tvhfanc |nvy c~g` }h }`n thik} ik ìw wtnng` lhv Mv+ CW

Wzecike}èk77 04}` fiv}`mey?

E wnghkm viwb }è} }`n thhv cey w~llnv ew e vnw~a} hl ek h|nv#

nctèwiw hk e cigvhgvnmi} w}ve}njy! iw }`n vnm~g}ihk ik jh|nvkcnk}

f~mjn}evy eaahge}ihkw lhv h}`nv nllhv}w e} th|nv}y eaan|ie}ihk! w~g` ew

}`n znaa#}vinm f~} anww mvece}ig w}ve}njinw hl ik|nw}cnk} ik `~cek

geti}ea w~g` ew }`vh~j` tvicevy `nea}` ekm tvicevy nm~ge}ihk

tvhjvecw+ Zìan }`nvn iw kh mnkyikj }è} w~g` whgiea wng}hv

tvhjveccnw gek fn v~k chvn ghw}#nlligink}ay ekm }è} }`ny gek fn

fn}}nv }evjn}nm }h }`n thhv! }`n vntaegncnk} hl w~g` tvhjveccnw

zi}` cigvhgvnmi} tvhjveccnw ziaa fn mh~fan miwew}nv lhv }`n thhv+ Il

}`n ictaigi} w~fwiminw }h cigvhgvnmi} ikw}i}~}ihkw evn cemn nptaigi}!

}`nk w~fwimiikj cigvhgvnmi} tvhjveccnw |nvw~w w~fwimiikj whgiea

wng}hv tvhjveccnw gek fnghcn ek iklhvcnm thaigy g`hign! ve}`nv}èk fn gevvinm h~} ~kmnv }`n ciw}ebnk kh}ihk }è} }`n lhvcnv ziaa

vnu~ivn hkay }ncthvevy ekm micikiwìkj w~fwiminw+ F~} }`n ictaigi}

w~fwiminw }h cigvhgvnmi}! anji}ice}n ew }`ny cey fn! evn kh} fnikj

mnwgvifnm hv ekeaywnm+

Vnw~a}w lvhc }`n chmna ikmige}n }è} i} iw kh} tev}ig~aevay nm~ge}ihk tvhjveccnw }è}

hkn knnmw }h fn ghkgnvknm efh~}+ Ik leg}! }`n WFAT wnncw }h fn chvn mhcikek} ik

evnew z`nvn ai}nvegy ve}nw evn efh|n e|nvejn+

F~}! n|imnkgn iw fvh~j`} lhvzevm }è} w~tthv} ìw jnknvea gaeic! kecnay }è} }`n lhg~w

hk W@Jw wnncw }h fn e whv} hl e }vemn#hll zi}` h}`nv whgiea wg`ncnw+ Zìan kh ganev

w}e}ncnk} gek fn cemn ew }h z`n}`nv }`n tvhjveccn htnve}nw ik evnew z`nvn wg`ncnw

evn kh} ik taegn ve}`nv }èk vntaegikj }`nc! }`n fh}}hc aikn vnceikw }`n wecn? Ik }`nwnevnew! hkay e gnv}eik tev} hl }`n tht~ae}ihk iw tviceviay }evjn}nm fy whgiea ik}nv|nk}ihkw+

]`n }evjn}nm tht~ae}ihk iw lnceanw }è} evn ziaaikj ekm efan }h fnghcn e cncfnv hl e

jvh~t! }h we|n vnj~aevay! ekm }h n|nk}~eaay }ebn e ahek (lhv tvhm~g}i|n t~vthwn%)+

]ìw mhnw kh} ikga~mn }`hwn zi}` }hh ~kgnv}eik hv |eviefan ikghcn+ ]ìkb hl lhv

npectan cijve}ikj `h~wn`hamw! chw} hl}nk lhv wnewhkea zejn nctahycnk}2 lhv

npectan ik }`n miw}vig} hl Ceèfhhkfkejev (Ekm`ve Tvemnw`)! :0. hl `h~wn`hamw è|n

77 Mv+ CW Wzecike}èk iw }`n gèivcek hl C+ W+ Wzeci Ke}èk Vnwnevg` Lh~kme}ihk ik G`nkkei+ Ji|nk ìwnp}nkwi|n ghk}vif~}ihkw! `n iw bkhzk ew }`n Le}`nv hl }`n Jvnnk Vn|ha~}ihk ik Ikmie hv eawh mnwgvifnm fy}`n ^ki}nm Ke}ihkw Nk|ivhkcnk} Tvhjveccn ew &]`n Le}`nv hl Nghkhcig Nghahjy&+

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(wnewhkea) cijvek}w (Mnwìkjbev! 644=)+ ]`nwn evn kh} efan }h l~alia }`n cikicea

vnu~ivncnk}w hl fnikj e cncfnv hl e W@J w~g` ew e}}nkmikj }`n vnj~aev cnn}ikjw hv

ghk}vif~}ikj }`n vnj~aev we|ikjw+ Eawh nptnvinkgikj ìj` fevvinvw }h ohikikj e W@J evn

}`hwn }è} evn kh} efan }h cebn }`nwn ghk}vif~}ihkw fnge~wn }`niv nghkhcig w}e}~w iw }hh

ahz }`n |nvy thhv+ ]ìw gek }`nk anem }h npga~wihk wnal#npga~wihk f~} eawh

npga~wihk fy jvh~t cncfnvw hv WFAT w}ell+

F~} fnwimnw npga~mikj whcn }è} zh~am eg}~eaay fn tev} hl }`n }evjn} jvh~t! hl jvne}nvghkgnvk iw }è} e fij tev} hl }`n tht~ae}ihk jn}w knjang}nm }è} zh~am kh} n|nk fn

naijifan }h tev}igite}n }`nwn ikga~mn lhv npectan }`n namnvay! }`n yh~}` hv }`n

èkmigettnm? npeg}ay }`hwn jvh~tw }è} evn }ytigeaay ìjày mntnkmnk} hk w~tthv} lvhc

whgiea tvh}ng}ihk wg`ncnw+

]`n likmikj }è} }`n ch|ncnk} ghcnw zi}` e vntaegncnk} (hv e} anew} chmilige}ihk) hl

jh|nvkcnk} tvhjveccnw w`h~am fn hl jvne} ghkgnvk ekm geaaw lhv iccnmie}n thaigy

vneg}ihk+

]`n ghkga~wihk hl }ìw gèt}nv iw |nvy c~g` mivng}nm e} cegvh#an|na! thaigy

vnghccnkme}ihkw+ ]`n knp} gèt}nv ghkgnk}ve}nw hk tvhfancw }è} evn hfwnv|nm e} }`n

cigvh#an|na ekm ekeaywnw `hz thaiginw evn fnikj ictancnk}nm ik }`n linam+ E jvne}nv

lhg~w iw taegnm hk }`n wnghkm ceohv chmna hl cigvhlikekgn! cigvhlikekgn ikw}i}~}ihkw!f~} eawh thaiginw hl }`n W@J Fekb Aikbejn Tvhjveccn evn fnikj emmvnwwnm+ I} ziaa

fnghcn ganev! }è} eawh e} }`n cigvh#an|na! ceohv w`hv}ghcikjw knnm }h fn emmvnwwnm il

}`n ~a}ice}n jhea hl `natikj }`n thhv iw }h fn egìn|nm+

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Ettnkmip 6+E

Lij~vn 6+E5? W}e}nw kecnw hl Ikmie

]efan 6+E6? Miw}vig}w kecnw hl ]ecia Kem~

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B. Augsburg, 2009

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