Differential photometric study of the European light emission to

the space

Alejandro Sánchez de Miguel

ASAAF-UCMDep. Astrofísica y CC. Atmósfera UCM

Grupo para la Protección del Cielo

European light emission

• Data acquisition and treatment • Data analyses • Countries comparison • Conclusions and future work

Objectives

• Search of the parameters that define the illumination quality based on satellite images.

• Study sources of light pollution and its evolution

• Spain case analysis

PrecedentsDr. Christopher Elvidge325 Broadway E/GC2Boulder, Colorado 80305

Precedents

Population density Intensity

Dr. Christopher Elvidge325 Broadway E/GC2Boulder, Colorado 80305

P.Cinzano et al 2000

PrecedentsWaste vs Saturated Km^2

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

MeV

Satu

rate

d Km

^2

Spain

Germany

Italy

France

UK

Data acquisition

Data analyses

Comparison amongCountries

• Estimate demographic effects

• Use of intensive parameters

• Employment of parameters as: built area, population, power use and illumination.

Km^2 sat vs Km^2 built

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Spain Portugal France Belgium Netherlan Ireland UK Germany Austria Rep . Czech Italy

km̂2s

at /K

m̂2

built

Population Density in built surface vs Saturated area

y = 776.08x + 1479.7R2 = 0.6376

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sat area [km^2 sat/km^2 const]

Popu

latio

n De

nsity

in b

uilt

surfa

ce v

s Sa

tura

ted

area

[ha/

km^2

bu

ilt]

España

Luxemburgo

ItaliaAlemania

Belgica

Rep.Checa

Portugal

Irlanda

Holanda

Francia

Austria

Reino Unido

Population density in built surface

Km2 Saturated area

Test of the resultsby other methods

Watts by Luminaries

020406080

100120140160180200

España Portugal Francia Belgica Holanda Irlanda Reinounido

Alemania Italia

Vat/L

umin

aria

Light points by km^2 built

0100200300400500600700800900

Españ

aPort

ugal

Francia

Belgica

Holand

aIrla

nda

Reino u

nido

Aleman

iaAus

triaChe

quia

Italia

Luxe

nburg

oGrec

iaDina

marca

Hungri

aPolo

niaLe

tonia

Watts by square meter

0.0000.0100.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.0800.0900.100

España

Portug

al

Francia

Belgica

Irland

aReino

unido

Aleman

ia

Italia

Holanda

Vat/m

^2

22.5312.1310.2110.599.7623.9920.5311.3118.27Vatios Por persona

0.0910.0340.0230.0320.0360.0400.0460.0510.091Wat/m^2

0.9150.3410.2260.3200.3560.3980.4630.5100.911IEE*

1451107610861124145111157Vatios por luminaria

7.411.67.59.79.510.98.89.918.965.86.9CO2 (1)

3.161.051.270.981.352.471.220.930.371.803.606.64Km^ssat/km^2 urb

15%6%5%8%15%5%16%19%27%9%9%11%

Área Saturada Porcentage

0.00080.00050.00050.00030.00060.00080.00030.00060.00150.00080.00080.0013Área sat/persona

0.0050.0170.0040.0030.0050.0080.0020.0030.0120.0060.0080.011km^2/farola

6296328431128629955232132318468580Farola/km^2

0.150.030.120.110.130.100.150.190.130.140.100.12Farolas por habitante

9000000

300000

1000000912000078510004010002500000200500061000857000011000004700000nº de farolas

5%6%4%8%11%2%13%21%75%5%3%2%Área total construida

ItaliaChequiaAustriaAlemania

Reino unidoIrlandaHolandaBelgica

LuxenburgoFranciaPortugalEspaña

Spain analyses

Consumo en Alumbrado público

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 1980 1978 1976 1974 1972 1970 1968

Mill

ares

Años

Mw

h

Consumo Alumbrado eléctrico

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984

Mill

ares

Años

Mw

h

BARCELONAMADRIDMURCIASEVILLA

Cuantas totales Madrid y Alrededores

y = 430161x - 8E+08R2 = 0.5449

1.00E+07

1.10E+07

1.20E+07

1.30E+07

1.40E+07

1.50E+07

1.60E+07

1.70E+07

1.80E+07

1.90E+07

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Año

Cue

ntas

Resumen situación de España• Crecimiento suelo artificial 27.9 % en 10 años.

• Crecimiento de la potencia instalada 39 % en 10 años.

• Crecimiento del la señal 34 % en 10 años.

• Según los últimos modelos de C.L. la difusión secundaria es muy importante. Implica que el efecto de las fuentes indirectas es mucho más importante.

• (M. AUBÉ 2007)

Conclusions and future work

Conclusions• With the present data Spanish illumiation

can not be explained by demographic causes.

• There is important evidence of excessive waste in Italy.

• The population density in built land as intensive data is the best global parameter in order to represent the saturation of a country.

• An appropriate ilumination can be shown in satellite images.

Future work• It is needed further data of all the

countries considered in the study. ¡¡¡¡¡HELP US!!!!!

• Extend this study to all European countries, EEUU and Japan.

• Search of an illumination model useful to countries in development.

• Discussion of hypothesis about the type of light polluting sources.

Differential photometric study of the European light emission to

the space

Alejandro Sánchez de Miguel

ASAAF-UCMDep. Astrofísica y CC. Atmósfera UCM

Grupo para la Protección del Cielo