Thermal Power Plants Main Technological Devices

Power Plants with Combustion Turbine

Electrical Power Generation (CVEE)

Lector:

Dr. Petr Mastny Associate Professor

Brno University of Technology, FEEC DEPE

Technicka 3082/12, Brno, Czech Republic

mastny@feec.vutbr.cz

e-Power - Inovace výuky elektroenergetiky a silnoproudé elektrotechniky formou e-Learningu a rozšíření prakticky orientované výuky,

číslo: CZ.1.07/2.2.00/15.0158.

Thermal Power Plants Main technological circuits

A. circuit of fuels and solid residues

B. circuit of air and combustion products

C. circuit of feeding water and superheated steam

D. circuit of cooling water

E. electric circuit

Boiler

Regeneration Cooling tower

Main technological circuits

• devices in the process of electricity production with a dominant position in the thermal circuit:

• boiler

• turbine

• generator

• next auxiliari devices • pumps

• ventilators

• mills

Main technological circuits BOILER

• convert thermal energy in the form of usable fuel in the turbine

• produce steam

• working substance is water

• transfer medium in the steam boilers are combustion products

steam boiler

combustion devices boiler unit

• powder burners • combustion area • flue gas and air canals • air heater

• own structure of boiler • combustion chamber • steam separator • water heater • pipes and fittings

Main technological circuits BOILER

steam boiler

SHELL BOILER FLOW BOILER

• with natural cicrculation

Main technological circuits BOILER

Economizer

Economizer

Superheater

Superheater

Evapo

rator

fluid boiler • for combustion there is used special grate – fluid bed

• continuous fuel supply with additive

• constructed as atmospheric and pressure

• the temperature of fluid bed is: • > 1000°C

• < 900°C

Main technological circuits BOILER

Main technological circuits STEAM TURBINES

• thermal energy contained in the steam is converted into kinetic energy, which creates a torque on the quill

• turbines are designed as a multistage

Main technological circuits CONDENSING STEAM TURBINES

• conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy without heat supply to other consumers

• working at the output with deep vacuum (3kPa up to 8kPa)

• a capacitor is a part of a condensing turbine

Main technological circuits BACK-PRESSURE CONDENSING TURBINE

• is intended to supply heat

• regulated and unregulated power take-off

• performance depends on the quantity of detracted steam

Main technological circuits EXTRACTION STEAM TURBINE

• greater dependence on heat and electricity supply

• after partial expansion in VT steam is transfered to consumers and the rest of the steam expands in NT

Main technological circuits OTHER MACHINERY

• mills

• pumps

• ventilators

• air heaters

• regenerative heaters

• conveyors....

Power plants with a combustion turbine

• fast start and shutdown

• smaller building volume

• lower specific investment costs

• low consumption of cooling water

• good efficiency (up to 35%)

• possibility of fully automatic operation

Power plants with a combustion turbine

• working substance remains in the circulation of its state

• basic components are: • compressor for pressing the working fluid

• combustion chamber, combustion turbine

• regenerative heater of working fluid

• alternator

• starting motor

Power plants with a combustion turbine

combustion turbines with open circuit

• compressor draws in air and pumps it into the combustion chamber

• working substance from the combustion chamber goes into the combustion turbine where it expands and spreads

Power plants with a combustion turbine

thermal efficiency of combustion turbines