Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie - KIT-IPF-Startseite · KIT – Universität des Landes...

KIT – Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und

nationales Großforschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie – IfGG

www.kit.edu

Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie

Spielwiese Oberrheingraben

Ökologie im Oberrheingraben, Beiträge zu Ökosystemanalysen, Stoffflüssen und Landschaftswandel

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Beispielhafte Aktivitäten:

- Landschaftsökologisches Praktikum in den Karlsruher Auen ab SS 11

- Partikel-Wasser Interaktionen in derGaronne/Gironde bei Bordeaux zusammen

mit J.Schäfer, Université Bordeaux

- Rekonstruktion von Paläohochwässern an Rhein und Donau, Doktorarbeit S. Bleek-Schmidt, Projektbeitrag (IMG/IfGG) im SFB-TTR Extreme Events

- Einfluss überfluteter Gebiete auf Gewässerbelastung im 3-Schluchten Reservoir

des Yangtze

- Arsenfreisetzung in holozänen Aquiferen Südostastiens

- Untersuchungen zur Einrichtung von Polder und Trinkwasserwerk in den

Rheinauen südlich von Karlsruhe (Dister, Burger, Wirsing)

- Populationsdynamik von Zecken im Oberrheingraben (zusammen mit Trevor Petney von der Zoologie)

- Luftbelastungsuntersuchungen in Karlsruhe, Beijing, Qingdao, …

- Management von Naturschutzgebieten entlang der Donau (Aueninstitut)

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Forschungsziele auch in Hinblick auf den Oberrhein:

- Aufbau einer Auenforschungsplattform zur Stoffflussmessung

- Chemisch-mineralische Wechselwirungen an der Grenzfläche Partikel – Wasser

- Freisetzung/Fixierung redoxsensitiver Elemente in Polderflächen,

(Grundwasserschutz, Wasser-Gesteins-Wechselwirkungen)

- Einfluss des Gewässermanagements in Auen auf die Vegetation

- Dynamik des Auenklimas und Wechselwirkung mit Stadtklima

- Flora und Fauna des Oberrheingrabens und Einfluss des Klimawandels (u.a. arboricole Ameisenarten, Wildrebe, Alteichen etc.)

- Revitalisierung von Flüssen des Oberrheingrabens

- Paläorekonstruktion der Sedimentationsbedingungen des Rheins

- Management von Auen (Landnutzung, Naturschutz)

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Betrachtung des Ökosystems Alteiche

Auswahl mehrerer Alteichen

Klimamessung mittels Auenmessstation und Handmessungen

Aufnahme von Bodenprofilen

Erstellung von Grundwassergleichenplänen

Berechnung von Kenngrößen des Bodenwasserhaushalts mittels KA 5

Saftflussmessungen zur Bestimmung der Transpiration

Vegetationsaufnahmen

zoologische Aufnahmen

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Populationsökologie der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina variegata)

Quelle: www.kaulquappe.de

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Forschungsthemen (Auswahl)

Feasibility Studies for Young Scientists: „Werkzeuge für die Erstellung eines allgemeingültigen Verfahrens zur Erfolgskontrolle von Fließgewässerrevitalisierungen in Deutschland”

„Umweltbericht Ettlingen“

„Vegetations- und Sukzessionsdynamikgrundwasser-bestimmter Waldstandorte mit Stiel-Eiche im nassen Bienwald (Südpfalz)“

Zuarbeiten für UVS und FFH-VP für das geplante Wasserwerk Kastenwört der Stadtwerke Karlsruhe GmbH (Bodenkunde und Hydrologie)

03.11.2009 | Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie (IfGG) | www.ifgg.kit.edu |

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Modellierung der Auswirkungen einer Grundwasserabsenkungauf Bodenwasserhaushalt, Vegetation und Fauna (Dipl.-Geoökol. T. Wirsing)


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Red River Delta – ViGerAs:

Initiation of a Vietnamese-German network

of experts for the assessment of arsenic in

the food chain and on the development and

optimisation of filter techniques to remove

arsenic from contami-nated groundwater in

rural areas of the Red River Delta, Vietnam

Period: 2008 - 2010

Services

• scientific exchange in the various fields concerning arsenic contamination of the water resources, food chain and medical consequences

• Proposal of optimized and adapted filter techniques• Pilot study on distribution of Arsenic in the food

chain identification of major transfer pathways of Arsenic from groundwater into the human body.

• First investigations for the establishment of medical indicators for control of success of reduction of Arsenic exposition of human beings.

Project Cost

• ~ 90 T€ BMBF• ~ 10 T€ DFG

Client and Financing Agency

• Ministry of Science and Technology• Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Project/technical Data:

• Target population about 3 Mio people;• Rural areas of the Red River Delta plain;• Arsenic concentrations up to more than 3 mg/L

Current project partners:

• Ruhr Universiy of Bochum, TU Berlin, University of Trier, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

• Hanoi University of Science, Vietnamese Aca-demy of Science, Inst. of Occ. and Env. Health

• GEH Wasserchemie, Harbauer Umwelttechnik, Allgemeine Hospitalgesellschaft, Psytest

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Cand.-LMChem. Eva Kellermeier Diploma Thesis

Identify differences in nutritional As

background in areas with high and low

levels of arsenic in groundwater

Focus on As pathway: Elevation from

groundwater to soil to crops

Identify main food products in northern

Vietnamese diet

Assess possible nutrient mineral

deficiencies

Tasks: Analytical methodology

Analysis of elemental composition using

applicable x-ray spectrometry and optical-

and mass based spectrometry methods.

Time period

Jan.-Feb. 2010: sampling in Red River Delta,

pretreatment at CETASD, Hanoi University of

Science

Mar.-Aug 2010: analysis, research and

summary of results at IMG, Karlsruhe Institute

of Technology

12 Prof. Max Mustermann – Fakultät für Musterwissenschaften: Präsentationstitel

12 25.03.2011

The isotopic composition of oxygen in arsenate/arsenite:

a new approach to constrain the source of arsenic

in groundwater

DFG Projekt 01/2010 – 12/2012 (IMG – Zsolt Berner, Xiaohui Tang; IfGG – Stefan Norra)

Motivation and Objectives

Natural contamination of groundwater by arsenic became a crucial water quality problem in many parts of the world.

The scale of the problem is notably grave in parts of South and East Asia. Despite the progress in elucidating the

cause of this calamity, many questions are still open. Redox seems to be a major actuator in releasing the arsenic

into the groundwater, but the association of high As groundwaters with low redox environments is still equivocal.

In this study we address this issue by investigating new insights into the ultimate cause for the occurence of

high As groundwaters. Distinguish sites in which the arsenic in groundwater derives directly from surrounding

sediment from such, in which the arsenic was transported to the site of observation

Methods

• Quantitative separation of arsenite from arsenate and

phosphate

• Quantitative precipitation of arsenite and arsenate for

oxygen isotope analysis

• Determination of the isotope ratios

On-line coupling of high-temperature reduction with

graphite and continuous flowmass spectrometry (EA-Py-

CF-IRMS)Work shedule

• Lab experiments are in progress to work out an efficient method for the preconcentration and quantitative separation of arsenate and phosphate from aqueous solutions, and the measurement of the isotope composition of oxygen in arsenate, arsenite.

• The kinetic of the oxygen isotope exchange between water and arsenate/arsenite must be investigated. Thisfeature is critical for the applicability and interpretation of the isotope data

• Applicative investigations: Compare the isotope composition in arsenate and arsenite in groundwater withthat in aquifer sediments in three areas with distinct redox features: Sashipur / Chakadunga, West Bengal, India; Van Phuc, Red River Delta, Vietnam; Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia, China

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Separation of arsenite from arsenate and phosphate

Passing 500 mL of water with an initial AsTot/P ratio of ~1/11 through the separation cartridge, the total As concentration decreased slightly due to the adsorption of As(V), and the P/Astotratio changed dramatically. Passing anew the effluent, phosphate was almost completely removed, without a notable drop in the As-total concentration, indicating an efficient retention of the phosphate on the cartridge without lost of As(III).

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

As(III+V) (µg/L) 90.52 71.87 68.54

P(V) (µg/L) 1009 135.7 8.56

CP0 CP1 CP2

CP0 : initial solutionCP1 : first effluentCP2 : second effluent

Precision of the oxygen isotope analyses

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Replicates

δ 18

0

Silver arsenate used for tests to determine the oxygen isotope ratios in arsenate was precipitated with AgNO3 from a solution prepared from Na2HAsO4 •7H2O.

δ18O = 1.46‰ ± 0.20‰ (n=10)

Preliminary results

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“Influence of hydrostatic head oscillations and of the

availability of organic matter on the release of arsenic

from aquifer sediments in the Bengal Delta Plain (BDP)”DFG-BMZ Project, 2008 - 2011

Doctoral thesis Harald Neidhardt (IMG - Zsolt Berner, IfGG - Stefan Norra)

Background Background

• Selection of adequate sampling sites by hydrochemical screening of a 20x20km area in the Bengal Delta Plain

MethodsMethods

• Installation of five nested piezometers filtered at different depths (12-44m) at a site with highAstot (285 µg/L) and one with low Astot (61 µg/L) concentrations in groundwater

• Recovering and sampling of undisturbed and microbiologically uncontaminated cores

• Ongoing hydrochemical monitoring (bi-weekly since 12.2008), including measuring of field parameters, major and trace elements (by HR-ICP-MS), anions (by IC) and Δ18O and ΔD isotopy (by IRMS)

• Geochemical characterization of the aquifer sediments using XRFA, µ-XRFA, XRD, µ-SyRFA, µ-XANES/EXAFS, sequential extraction, CSA

• Pumping experiment (at the high As site) and injection of organic matter experiment (at the low As site) in December 2009

Project goalsProject goals

- “... assess and quantify the role of bacteria and related biogeochemical processes in mobilizing As to groundwater in shallow Holocene aquifer sediments of the BDP”

- “...figure out the relative role of biological versus inorganic controls on As mobilization”

Nested piezometers at high As site

Screening area and sampling sitesin the Nadia district, West Bengal

Sahispur = high As site, Chakadunga = low As site

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Betrachtete Einflussfaktoren : Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, MikrohabitatUntersuchungszeitraum: April - August 2010Untersuchungsgebiet: Fünf Standorte im Norden von Karlsruhe,

entlang eines West/Ost Transektes

Leitung Zoologie: Prof. Dr. Horst Taraschewski, Dr. Trevor Petney

Leitung IfGG: PD Dr. Stefan Norra, Dipl.-Geoökol. Reiner Gebhardt

Ausführung: cand. rer.nat. Denise Böhnke

Im Rahmen dieser Vergleichsstudie soll geklärt werden, in wie weit die Find-barkeit und damit korreliert die Populationsentwicklung der Zeckenart Ixodes ricinus von Temperatur(-verlauf), Luftfeuchte und Mikrohabitatsmerkmalen beeinflusst wird. Die Ergebnisse sind relevant für das Verständnis der Ökologie von I. ricinusund können eine wichtige Grundlage für Folgeuntersuchungen sein, die Maßnahmen zum Schutz des Menschen vor zeckenübertragenen Krankheiten als Ziel haben.

Zoologisches InstitutAbt. für Ökologie und Parasitologie

Der Einfluss von Mikroklima und Habitat Der Einfluss von Mikroklima und Habitat auf die Populationsentwicklung auf die Populationsentwicklung

von Ixodes ricinus von Ixodes ricinus

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ErwarteteErwartete Ergebnisse:Ergebnisse:P

ho

tos: D

enis

e B

öhnke

� Datensätze zur Findbarkeit der Zecken in Bezug auf Uhrzeit, Vegetationsbeschaffenheit, Feuchte im Bestand sowie Wetterbetrachtungen hinsichtlich Windvorkommen, Temperatur und Luftfeuchte

� Luftfeuchte- sowie Temperaturdaten (Boden, 25 und 50 cm, sowie 4x 25cm/Standort im Bestand verteilt) für jeden Standort im Halbstundentakt über 5 Monate hinweg

� Vergleichsstudie der Zeckenfunde mit

den betrachteten Umweltparametern

� Photodokumentation der Vegetationsentwicklung rund um die Wetterhäuschen

� Sammlung mehrerer 1000 Zecken (Dermacentor, Ixodes) konserviert in 70%gem Ethanol

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Stable isotopes in gas exchange of Norway spruce –

oxygen isotope exchange between CO2 and leaf water

AIM

• Determination of gas exchange and associated parameters (stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2-concentration) of spruce under varying environmental conditions (radiation intensity,temperature, CO2-concentration)

• Determination of oxygen isotope exchange between CO2 and leaf water depending on gas exchange

Diplomarbeit Carola Blessing, 2010

am Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie (IfGG) – Stefan Norra

und am Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK-IFU) – Nick Brüggemann

METHODSOnline measurement of CO2 and H2O concentration and isotopic composition in chamber inflow and outflow using laser specific instruments:

Variation of environmental conditions, e.g. PAR, leaf and soil temperature, relative humidity and soil moisture:•Variation of irradiation period•Variation of radiation intensity•Variation of CO2-concentrationIrrigation with 18O-enriched (δ18O = +270 ‰)

Results

Stomata opening after switching off the light

� Facilitated CO2 diffusion in and out of the leaf, where it exchanges oxygen with enriched leaf water

Stomatal conductance δ18O (vs. VSMOW) in H2O and CO

2

Light on

Light out Light on Light out

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Anthropogenic impacts on quality of water, sediment and soil

in selected areas of the 3 Gorges Dam catchment


proposed project to BMBF/MOST:

“Spatio-temporal in-situ and on-line monitoring to model the processes and dynamics

of relevant physico-chemical parameters of the reservoir by means of a

towed subaqueous sensor system”

Grant expected by BMBF in September 2010

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Kooperation mit dem Forschungszentrum Jülich, Dr. Subklew

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Zhuxi

Wanzhou

Lihe

GaoLiang

Shahe

Gaoweizi

LongbaoWuqiaoDistrikt

Tiancheng Distrikt

Changjiang

Cl-, PSo4-,

Cl-, PSo4-,

Cl-, PSo4-,

Cl-, PSo4-,

Cl-, PSo4-,

Cl-, PSo4-,

NO3-

NO3-

NO3-

NO3-

NO3-

NO3-

Cl-, PSo4-,

Cu,NiPb

CuNi,Pb Zn

Zn

Zn

Zn

NO3-

CuNi,Pb Zn

CuNi,Pb Zn

CuNi,Pb Zn

Ni,Pb Zn, Cu

Ni,Pb

Zn, Cu

CuNi,Pb

CuNi, Pb

ZnCuNi, Pb

Zn

Cu,NiPb Zn

Cu,NiPb Zn

Ni,Pb Cu

Pb ZnCu,Ni

Metall

Anion

Metall

dissolved

dissolved

suspended

Belastung bei Wanzhou

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Diploma Thesis

Franziska Rühle

Cooperation between:

Stefan Norra, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, KIT

Jörg Schäfer, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Université Bordeaux 1

Thomas Neumann, Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, KIT

Stephan Fuchs, Institute of Aquatic Environmental

Engineering, KIT

Funded by Hydrosphere Excellence Cluster Initiative of KIT

Behaviour of dissolved trace metals by

discharging waste water into receiving water

Batch experiments at

Bordeaux and Karlsruhe

Planning:

- period of time: November ’09 – July ’10

- water characteristics: pH, T, conductivity, O2 (in situ)

trace metals, major anions and cations (ICP-MS and IC

analysis) dissolved organic carbon

- particle analyses: SPM content, trace metal charge (acid attack

+ ICP-MS), mineralogy (SEM), particulate organic carbon

(CNS analyser)

- batch experiments: mixture of wastewater and river water

�� observation of the dissolved trace metal behaviour

regarding fixation and desorption processes

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Vielen Dank!

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Doktorarbeit Stefanie Schrader

Analysis of the spatial distribution of airborne particles in the greater area of Beijing via modeling and satellite remote sensing

Methodology

Investigation area on regional scale

List of possible

satellite images

Preselection of possible image

pairs

Meteorological data

Pollution data

Selection of polluted image and reference

image

AOT

Meteorological data

Pollution

data

PM1 + PM2,5

Mixing layer

height

Mixing layer height +

Relative

humidity

PM10

Quicklook

Systems approach for use of high

resolution (30m) Landsat TM images

COSMO-ART Operational weather

forecast model + Aerosols and

Reactive Trace Gases Model

Need of data fusion due to lack of information from single methods

Stefanie Schrader

Agricultural areas and woodland

Construction changes, bright metal roofs

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Investigation of relevant processes of aerosol pollution in Beijing – source identification, elemental composition and bio-availability with respect to different land use types

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2005-2007: 6 sites, since Sep-07: 2 sites (Fig.1)

Aktive: PM2.5 (day + night), TSP (Site 4)

Passive (site CUG): Sigma-II: 2.5-80 µm

Mass and element concentrations, watersoluble

ions, sequential extractions, Black Carbon (BC)

Fig.1. Sampling sites in Beijing.

Fig.2. Spatial variations between the sampling sites.

Spatial differences: highest

concentations in the city center(SE) and lowest concentrations

in the outskirts (NW) (Fig. 2)

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Investigation of relevant processes of aerosol pollution in Beijing – source identification, elemental composition and bio-availability with respect to different land use types

Seasonal variations (Fig. 3) with lowestconcentrations in summer (meteorology)

and highest in winter (stagnant conditions

and additional sources in the heating period)

Anthropogenic sources dominant in winter

and geogenic sources prevail in spring

(dust storm days) � Pb/Ti ratio

Fig.3. Seasonal variations of TSP mass concentrationsand Pb/Ti ratio.

Mixing of different particle types (SEM, Fig.4)

� geogenic particles as “catchers” for smaller anthropogenic particles

Fig.4. Interaction between different particles.

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