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The Strategy for the Danube Action Plan Liviu Muresan

Publikation Vorlage: Datei des Autors Eingestellt am 29.06.2011 unter www.hss.de/download/110606_RM_Muresan.pdf Autor

Dr. Liviu Muresan EURISC Foundation, Romania Veranstaltung

Die Donaustrategie und das Potential der kritischen Infrastrukturen Tagung der Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung am 6.6.2011 Europäisches Haus, Unter den Linden 78, Berlin

The Strategy for the Danube Action Plan

Civil Society contribution

Dr. Liviu MuresanEURISC Foundation, Romania

Four main fields of cooperationThe first main axis of cooperation concerns transport and energy infrastructure, mobility and tourism. Attention will be paid railway connections, developing cross-border networks for gas and electricity, and expanding tourism throughout the region.

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The EU Strategy for the Danube is dedicated to improving life for Europeancitizens in the Danube region in areas such as mobility, connectivity, environmentalprotection, energy efficiency, economic and social development, cultural exchanges etc.

The strategy will contribute substantially to a better coordination between local andregional organizations operating in the Danube region and will bring security in theregion, prosperity, and sustainable development.

EU STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FOR DANUBE REGION

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The main pillars :

A) Connecting the Danube Region 1) To improve mobility and multimodality 2) To encourage more sustainable energy 3) To promote culture and tourism, people to people contacts4) To promote awareness of the key issues affecting all countries in

the Danube Region B) Protecting the Environment in the Danube Region

1) To restore and maintain the quality of waters 2) To manage environmental risks 3) To preserve biodiversity, landscapes and the quality of air and soils

C) Building Prosperity in the Danube Region1) To develop the Knowledge Society through research, education and

information technologies2) To support the competitiveness of enterprises, including cluster

development 3) To invest in people and skills 4) To develop proper infrastructure for navigation and transport of

goods5) To counteract the economic, human and environmental effects of

natural or man-made disastersD) Strengthening the Danube Region

1) To step up institutional capacity and cooperation 2) To work together to promote security and tackle organisedand

serious crime

EU STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FOR DANUBE REGION

All these issues could be approached in different ways.

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RISCEU and National Critical Infrastructure Protection

� EU Program for Critical Infrastructure Protection

� Green Paper on Critical Infrastructure

� Council Directive 2008/114/CE of 8 December 2008 onthe identification and designation of EU criticalinfrastructures and the assessment of the need to improvetheir protection.

� EU COM(2011) – 163/ 31.03.2011 on Critical InformationInfrastructure Protection (‘Achievements and next steps:towards global cyber-security’)

The EPCIP identifies the following ECI sectors:

1. Energy;2. Nuclear industry;3. Information, communication technologies, ICT;4. Water;5. Food;6. Health;7. Financial;8. Transport;9. Chemical industry;10. Space;11. Research facilities.

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RISCCritical Infrastructure Interdependencies

Source: Heller, M (2001). Interdependencies of Civil Infrastructure Systems. The Bridge, a publication of the Nation Academy of Engineering. V. $, #31, 2001

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RISCHighly Connected and Essential Infrastructure and Asset Types

Highly Connected & Interdependent

Infrastructures

Essential & Dependent

Infrastructure

Public & Private Sectors

Asset Types

�Communications�Energy� Transportation�Banking and

Finance

� Water� Sewer� Health Care� Government�Agriculture/

Food

�Residential�Commercial� Industrial�Medical�Military

� Water storage� Power plants

and lines� Gas lines� Buildings� Bridges� Etc.

National, regional, and local economic security depends on these infrastructures

Human health and safety (fire, police, EMS) depend on these infrastructures

Source of economic demand for infrastructures

Natural and unintentional disaster locations and terrorist targets

Based on the National Infrastructure Simulation & Analysis Center - CapabilityDevelopment Strategy. Content modified to support GITA’s GECCo Program - USA

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RISCPriorities:- National Strategies and Legislation; - Legal authorities and CI management structures;- All hazard approach - a risk analysis based on major threat

scenarios, vulnerability of each asset, and potential impact shall be conducted;

- Operator’s Security Plans and Security Liaison Officers for each designated EU Critical Infrastructures

- Interdependencies and Resilience studies;- EU member states CI sector’s representatives cross-cutting

criteria evaluation and negotiations on the basis of the severity of the disruption or destruction of the CI:

a) Public effect (number of population affected);b) Economic effect (significance of economic loss and/or

degradation of products or services);c) Environmental effect;d) Political effects;e) Psychological effects

- Functional information sharing system;- Cyber security measures (CIIP);- Research, training and lesson learned sharing;- Civil Society Institutions Representatives

involvement on all CI management, research,training and other legal issues (NGO’s,Academia, Professional Associations, TradeUnions, Community Organisations, VoluntaryOrganisations, etc..)

Strategy for Energy Security and

Protection of Critical Infrastructures

in Romania

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RISCSecurity of Citizens and Security of Critical Services and Infrastructures

Special attention to be paid by Civil Society structures on:1) Water Supply2) Health Services3) Food and Agriculture Security4) Transportation (air/sea/land)5) Power Generation, Transmission and Storage (incl. oil and gas supplies)6) Information and Communication Technology, including Financial Systems7) Security of Sites (nuclear, chemical, biological, financial, research)8) Space Infrastructure Security9) Protection from Electro Magnetic Pulse and Hazardous Production Materials Effects

Potential New Critical Infrastructures along Danube River?:

a) Biodiversity - defined as the variation of life forms in a given ecosystem, including both animal and plant life. Flora and fauna represent a basic resource that European citizens along Danube River, rely on food, basic processing materials and recreational purposes.

b) Secure access to vital natural and mineral resources, or their substitutes and alternatives, both within Danube River basin and beyond Europe. All states along Danube River needs a trends and future awareness entity, tasked with monitoring societal, technological, political and environmental trends and developments;

c) An understanding of the evolving security dimension associated with emerging significant investment in renewable and alternative energy production. The multibillion euro developments associated with wind, wave and tidal farms will require particularly novel security solutions if the infrastructure is to be protected and the energy supply to be guaranteed.

d) Crisis Management», emergency response forces at the EU, regional and national level, their professionals, structure and equipment, should be considered as a critical societal and governmental infrastructure in a wider sense of the term.

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RISCHuman and Societal Dynamics of Security

A holistic approach to security and innovation must includeefforts to ensure that the social, cultural, legal and politicalaspects of security are taken into account.Civil society representatives should concentrate their workingeffort to promote at EU, regional and national level , theconcept of “societal coherence” with the following mainissues:� Societal Security - Human beings are at the core of security processes� Societal Resilience - Certain risks cannot be catered for, nor avoided. Societies must prepare to face shocks and have the ability to recover� Trust - Assuring security implies nurturing trust among people, institutions and technologies� Awareness raising through education and training -Security is a common responsibility of all stakeholders; the citizen is at the forefront� Interoperability - Interoperability in multiple dimensions is essential to allow security providers to work together

All Public-Private Partnership initiatives on the societalsecurity sector should take into account the triangle of mutualdependency of technology, organisational dynamics andhuman limitations.

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RISCThe EU Internal Security Strategy in Action: Five steps towards a more secure EuropeRelevant issues for Danube River countries

1) Fighting against organised crime which takes a variety of forms: trafficking inhuman beings, drugs and firearms trafficking, money laundering and the illegalshipment and dumping of waste inside and outside Europe, burglary and cartheft, sale of counterfeit and dangerous goods and the actions of itinerant gangsare often local manifestations of global criminal networks.

2) Fighting terrorism by working harder and more closely to prevent thevulnerability of new attacks recurring, similar with the bombings of public transportin Madrid in 2004 and in London in 2005 .

3) Fighting Cybercrime as new requirement , making our citizens, businesses,governments and critical infrastructure better protected from criminals who takeadvantage of modern technologies.

4) Border security also requires more coherent action along Danube Riverstates. With common external borders, smuggling and other cross-border illegalactivity must be targeted and efficient control of the EU's external borders in thisregion is thus crucial for the area of free movement.

5) Natural and man-made disasters in Europe and in its immediateneighborhood and severe climate changes, experienced as frequency andscale in recent years demonstrated the need for a stronger, more coherentcollaboration and better integrated EU and Regional crisis and disaster responsecapacity as well as for the implementation of existing disaster prevention policiesand legislation in the Danube River countries.

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RISCCIP - The importance of public-private security partnerships

Securing and protecting critical infrastructure is one of the most suited areas for public-privatepartnerships, given their often public (national or local) character, which is translated in publicownership or public management or public objective. It is also undoubtedly a development in Europein general regarding private security that more and more sectors and assets are taken away frompublic security to the benefit of the private security sector.

Confederation of European Security Services (CoESS) consider the following actions are crucial:

� Establishment of discussion networks of critical infrastructure security actors (infrastructure owners and operators, security contractors, technology providers, state emergency services), to provide a forum for sharing experiences and best practice and to discuss issues affecting all of them;

� Establishment of sound policies regarding the allocation of liability for acts of terrorism, the right insurance coverage and redress after such acts;

� Improvement of procedures for appropriate information sharing between actors involved in critical infrastructure security and protection, particularly looking at sharing between state authorities and private actors;

� Assuring the quality of protection of critical infrastructure, including consideration of options for the best way forward, for instance voluntary mutual inspection by experts; or compulsory auditing by a recognised authority.

(The Public-Private Opportunity White Paper by CoESS – Confederation of European Security Services © December 2010)

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NNew Developments in the Security Environment� 9/11/2001 – a new chapter in terrorism � 3/11/2004 at Madrid and 07/05/2005 at London - EUROPE as a target

� 2007 - 2008 start of the financial-economic crisis

� 2010 - beginning of major disruptions due to e.g. natural hazards and technological failures - earthquakes (Haiti), volcanoes (Iceland), earthquakes and tsunami (Japan), flooding (Pakistan, USA), nuclear power plant accident (Japan)

� 2011 – start of a massive immigration wave affecting EU-member states (Italy a case in point)

City Security and Critical Infrastructures� Critical infrastructure categories in EU documents: Energy, Transportation, ICT,

Banking, Food, Water, Administration a.o.� Infranomics (by Prof. Adrian Gheorghe and Dr. Marcelo Masera) will be the discipline

of disciplines, grouping all needed knowledge"The new generation of infrastructures will be constructed upon the existing ones, however the services, architecture, business models and attributes of those newly developed systems will signify a qualitative leap forward, and not just more of the same.”� Next generation infrastructure concept (NL)

“Thinking the Unthinkable" for City Security

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RISCThinking the Unthinkable � The wearing out of generational infrastructure

with the possibility of widespread failure (bridgesand highways in the US, old pipelines, etc.);

� Cyber attacks on key critical infrastructures(electricity, banking, water, etc.);

� Man-made disasters, collapse of technologies,enemy within us;

� Major natural hazards with long-termconsequences on business continuity and qualityof life (volcanoes, earthquakes a.o.;

� Climate change with direct impact short and long-term effects (increasing of the sea level, droughtswith effect on food, water supply a.o.;

� Sudden increase of illegal migration from outsideof EU, due to war, economic situation, suddenpopulation shifts within the EU, straining socialservices and formenting xenofobia;

� Large-scale social unrests, long-term and inunexpected domains;

� Limits of governance capacity at central and locallevel due to the shortage of financial means –domino effect in finance sector;

� Cosmic weather forecast and planetary defence.

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Increasing the response capacity of the local authorities

� Security culture as a permanentobjective of the authorities throughinformation and education

� Public-private partnership for mitigationof material and human costs in case ofdisasters

� Improving the resilience capacity of theauthorities

� Drafting local security strategies withthe participation of public institutions,private sector, academia, civil society

� Using the simulation, training and crisismanagement capacities of the newCITY SECURITY WAR ROOM(FROM WAR GAMES TO SERIOUS GAMING) .

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