O rZ Am{U BVa g§gmYZo - soppecom.org _wÔo g_moa Ambo Ë`m§Mm g_mdoe øm nwpñVHo$_Ü`o H$aÊ`mMm...

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O_rZ Am{U BVa g§gmYZo:{ó`m g_mZVoÀ`m A{YH$mar AmhoV H$m?

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O_rZ Am{U BVa g§gmYZo:{ó`m g_mZVoÀ`m A{YH$mar AmhoV H$m?

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O_rZ Am{U BVa g§gmYZo: {ó`m g_mZVoÀ`m A{YH$mar AmhoV H$m?_hmamï´>mVrc n[apñWVrMm AmT>mdm Am{U nwT>rc {Xem

© gr_m Hw$bH$Ur©, ñZohm ^Q>

gmonoH$m°_ (Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem Management)

_o 2017

N>m`m{MÌo : gmonoH$m°_À`m {d{dY Aä`mgm§_YyZ

_wIn¥ð>, aoIm{MÌo d _m§S>Ur : àmB©_ E§Q>aàmB©Pog, nwUo

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hr nwpñVH$m V`ma H$aV AgVmZm gmonoH$m°_Zo AmOda _{hbm, O_rZ, nmUr Am{U g§gmYZo øm {df`m§da doimodoir Ho$boë`m Aä`mgm§_YyZ Amboë`m AZw^dmMm dmQ>m _moR>m Amho. øm gd© Aä`mgm§_Üò Amåhmbm Á`m§Mo ghH$m`© {_imbo, Ë`m gdm©§À`m Zmdm§Mm C„oI øm{R>H$mUr H$aUo AdKS> Amho. na§Vw doimodoir Amåhm§bm ghH$m`© Ho$boë`m gdm©§Mo Amåhr Am^mar AmhmoV.

øm_Üò gmonoH$m°_Zo 2015 _Üò Collective for Advancing Knowledge

and Action for Women's Livelihoods Rights À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Ho$boë`m øm {df`mdarb Aä`mgmMm C„oI H$amdm bmJob. øm Aä`mgmV _hmamï´>, JwOamW Am{U CÎma àXoe _Yrb àËòH$s EH$m Ho$g ñQ>S>rMm g_mdoe hmoVm. øm Aä`mgmV Am_À`m ~amo~a gh^mJr Pmbobo Am_Mo ghH$mar Am{U øm Aä`mgmgmR>r Amåhm§bm AW©ghmæ` Ho$bobr AmZ§Xr hr g§ñWm `m§Mo Amåhr Am^mar AmhmoV.

_mJrb EH$ dfm©nmgyZ øm {df`mda _hmamï´>mV H$m_ H$aVmZm øm nwpñVHo$Mm nm`m V`ma Pmbm. øm gd© àH«$sòV gm_rb AgUmè`m gdm©§Mo {deof Am^ma _mZUo Amåhm§bm Amdí`H$ dmQ>Vo. gdm©V àW_ gmonoH$m°_ À`m ~amo~a øm à{H«$òV gh^mJr AgUmè`m Am` Eb Eg bm° H$m°boO, ór Aä`mg H|$ÐmÀ`m O`m gmJSo> Am{U àgÞm BZd„r øm§Mo {deof Am^ma. VgoM øm à{H«$ògmR>r AW©ghmæ` XoUmè`m pñdgES> B§{S>`m øm g§ñWoMohr Amåhr Am^mar AmhmoV. øm à{H«$òV gmVË`mZo Am_À`m ~amo~a AgUmè`m N>m`m XmVma øm§Mo {deof YÝ`dmX. _hmamï´>mV gwê$ Pmboë`m øm à{H«$òbm amï´>r` nmVirdarb ZoQ>dH©$ er OmoSy>Z KoUmè`m _{hbm {H$gmZ A{YH$ma _§M (_H$m_) _Yë`m Am_À`m ghH$m`m©§Mo Amåhr Am^mar AmhmoV.

_mJÀ`m EH$ dfm©V _hmamï´>mVrb {d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§er doimodoir Pmboë`m MMm©§_YyZ øm {df`m~ÔbMo Oo _wÔo g_moa Ambo Ë`m§Mm g_mdoe øm nwpñVHo$_Üò H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. øm gd© MMm©§_Üò gh^mJr Pmboë`m _hmamï´>mVrb g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§À`m gh^mJm{edm` ho H$m_ nyU© hmoD$ eH$bo ZgVo. Ë`m§À`m CËñ\y$V© gh^mJmgmR>r Amåhr Ë`m§Mo Am^mar AmhmoV.

1. http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CEDAW/Shared%20Documents/1_Global/INT_CEDAW_GEC_7933_E.pdf

2. http://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/draft%20national%20policy%20for%20women%202016.pdf

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OmJ{VH$ nmVirda Jm« _rU _{hbmÀ§ `m h¸$mM§ r Amio I nQ>m`bm bmJbbo r Amh.o CEDAW (Convention on

the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women) À`m H$b_ 14 À`m 34 ì`m 1gMw Zdo ê$Z ho ñnï> hmVo o . VgMo Jm« _rU _{hbme§ r g~§ {§ YV 14 ì`m H$b_m_Ü o Ago gm{§ JVbo Amho H$s gd©

gXñ`mZ§ r - 1) amï>r` nmVirdarb Ymao UmM§ m Jm« _rU _{hbm Am{U _{hbm eVo H$è`mÀ§ `m ~Ôb ñWm{ZH$ gX§ ^m_© Ü o {dMma H$amdm 2) g_mZVm gmYÊ`mgmR>r _{hbm eVo H$è`mM§ o A{YH$ma ~iH$Q> H$amdVo . CEDAW À`m 34 ì`m gdg© mYmaU gMy Z_o Ü o EH$mpË_H$ Ymao UmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVZy Jm« _rU _{hbmÀ§ `m AÞ Am{U nmfo Umdarb h¸$ ñnï>nUo _mÝ` H$o bm AgZy gXñ` Xeo mZo nTw >rb Jmïo >tdarb Ë`mM§ m h¸$ _mÝ` H$ê$Z Ë`mMo ga§ jU H$amdo Ago Z_Xy H$o bo Amho - A) Zg¡ {JH© $ Am{U CËnmXH$ gg§ mYZmÀ§ `m _mbH$sMm, Ë`mM§ m dmna Am{U Ë`mM§ o {Z`mOo Z H$aÊ`mMm h¸$, ~) `m½o ` H$m_ Am{U gm_m{OH$ gaw jMo m h¸$ H$) Amam½o ` gdo Mo m h¸$. 3) CËnmXZ, à{H$« `m, {dVaU, ~mOmanRo >Mo r CnbãYVm, ì`mnma Am{U JV§w dUHy $ øm_Yrb _{hbmM§ m gh^mJ dmT>{dU.o n[afXZo o Jm« _rU _{hbm_§ Yrb dJo dJo io JQ>, VgMo d{§ MV JQ>mM§ m {dMma H$ê$Z EH$ g_J« aMZm {Xbr Amh.o

2øm Am§Vaamï´>r` {Z`_mdbrbm Yê$Z ^maVmÀ`m 2016 À`m ZdrZ _{hbm YmoaUm_Üò J«m_rU _{hbm eoVH$è`m§gmR>r AgUmar YmoaUo ~iH$Q> H$ê$Z, ~XbË`m g_mOmVrb _{hbm§Mo àý OmUyZ KoD$Z, Am{U

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_hmamï´>mVrb O{_ZrÀ`m h¸$mg§~§YrMo bT>o

_hmamï´>m_Üò X{bV, Am{Xdmgr Am{U _{hbm§À`m A{YH$mam§gmR>rÀ`m bT>çm§Mm _moR>m B{Vhmg Amho. Am{XdmgtÀ`m O{_Zrdarb h¸$mgmR>rÀ`m bT>çmMo EH$ _hËdmMo CXmhaU åhUOo 70 À`m XeH$mV Ywio {OëømVrb ehmXm òWo l{_H$ g§KQ>ZoZo JwOa g_mOmÀ`m O_rZ EH$ÌrH$aUmÀ`m {damoYmV Ho$bobm bT>m. Ë`mMà_mUo S>m° Am§~oS>H$am§Mo ghH$mar XmXmgmho~ Jm`H$dmS> øm§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr 50 Am{U 60 À`m XeH$mV X{bVm§À`m O{_Zrdarb h¸$m§gmR>r Pmbobm bT>m _hËdnyU© Amho. 1986 _Üò X{bV Am{U Am{Xdmgr h¸$m§da H$m_ H$aUmè`m g§KQ>Zm _hmamï´> H$ï>H$ar Am§XmobZ g{_Vr øm ZmdmZo EH$Ì Amë`m Am{U nwT>o øm g§KQ>Zobm emo{fV OZ Am§XmobZ åhUyZ AmoiIbo OmD$ bmJbo. emo{fV OZ Am§XmobZmMo H$m_ àm_w»`mZo R>mUo, nmbKa Am{U am`JS> {OëømV Mmby Amho.

Á`m{R>H$mUr _{hbm§À`m O{_Zrdarb h¸$m§Mm {dMma Ho$bm Jobm Amho, Ago à`ËZ WmoSo> AmhoV. Aem bT>çm§n¡H$s EH$ à_wI CXmhaU åhUOo eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr "bú_r _wº$s' _mohr_. 1989 _Üò g§KQ>ZoMo ZoVo eaX Omoer øm§Zr g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`m©§Zm AmYr© _mb_Îmm KamVrb _{hboÀ`m Zmdmda H$aÊ`mMo AmdmhZ Ho$bo Am{U øm _mo{h_oMr gwédmV Pmbr. Xþgam Agm EH$ à`ËZ åhUOo am`JS> {OëømVrb Am{Xdmgr h¸$ gwajm g§KQ>ZoÀ`m d¡embr nmQ>rb øm§Zr Ho$bobm Am{Xdmgr _{hbm§À`m KaR>mUmÀ`m O{_ZrgmR>rMm bT>m. Ë`mM~amo~a ~miH¥$îU aoUHo$ øm§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr ^Q>Š`m {d_wº$ OmVt_Yrb bmoH$ Ka Am{U CnOr{dHo$gmR>r O{_ZrMm VwH$S>m, Am{U Vr H$gÊ`mgmR>r nmUr Am{U H$O© ømMr _mJUr H$aV AmhoV.

_hmamï´>mV {dYdm n[aË`º$m _{hbm§À`m O_rZ Am{U BVa h¸$m§gmR>r AZoH$ g§KQ>Zm H$m_ H$aV AmhoV. ór _wº$s g§Kf© Midi ho Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ à_wI CXmhaU. 1989 _Üò ór _wº$s g§Kf© MidirÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ gm§Jbr {OëømVrb {dYdm-n[aË`º$m {ó`m§Zr KamgmR>r OmJm {_i{dÊ`mÀ`m _mJUrgh _moR>m bT>m {Xbm. Am§XmobZm_wio VmËH$mbrZ {Oëhm{YH$mar `m§Zm JmdR>mU {dñVma OoWo hmoB©b VoWo àmYmÝ`mZo n[aË`º$m/{dYdm {ó`m§Zm KamgmR>r OmJm XoÊ`mV òB©b Agm {ZU©` ¿`mdm bmJbm. øm {ZU©`m Z§Va gm§Jbr

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AmO O_rZ, nmUr, O§Jb ømgma»`m g§gmYZm§À`m n[apñWVr_Üò PnmQ>çmZo ~Xb hmoV Amho. O_rZ O§Jbo nmUr `m gd© g§gmYZmÀ`m dmnam_Üò AZoH$ ~Xb hmoV AmhoV. eoVrImbrb O_rZr _moR>çm à_mUmV {dH$mgmÀ`m ZmdmImbr eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z bw~mS>ë`m OmV AmhoV. VgoM O§Jbm§Mm {bbmd Ho$bm OmV Amho. eoVrMo nmUr CÚmoJmgmR>r didbo OmV Amho. ehao _moR>r hmoV AmhoV d Ë`m§Mr O_rZ d nmÊ`mMr JaO XoIrb dmT>V Mmbbr Amho. eoVr_Üòhr AÞYmÝ`mImbrb O_rZ H$_r hmoD$Z ZJXr {nH$m§Imbrb O_rZ dmT>Vo Amho. H§$ÌmQ>r eoVrMr (contract farming) g§H$ënZm _yi YaVo Amho. g§gmYZm§da h¸$ àñWm{nV H$aÊ`mMo ^m§S>dbr joÌmMo à`ËZ {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>V AmhoV. ^yg§nmXZ H$m`Úm_Üò ~Xb H$aÊ`mV Ambobm Amho. Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a øm gd© KQ>H$m§Mm gm_Zm H$aUmao bT>o hr EH$m ~mOybm gwê$ AmhoV. ho gd© {df` hmVmiÊ`mMr øm nwpñVHo$Mr ì`már Oar Zgbr Var Ë`mMo ^mZ {Z{üVM Amho. _{hbm§À`m g§gmYZm§darb h¸$m§Mm {dMma H$aV AgVmZm øm gd© ì`mnH$ nmœ©^y_rÀ`m g§X^m©Zo H$mhr à_wI _wÚm§Mr _m§S>Ur H$aÊ`mMm hm à`ËZ Amho. _hmamï´>mV m {df`mda H$m_ H$aUmè`m JQ>m§Zm ømMm Cn`moJ hmoB©b Aer Amem Amho.

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ehar ^mJmÀ`m VwbZoV J«m_rU _{hbm§_Üò gmjaVoMo à_mU AOyZhr H$_r Amho. VgoM nwéfm§À`m VwbZoV _{hbm§_Üò gmjaVoMo à_mUhr H$_r Amho [ nwéfm§_Yrb gmjaVm - EHy$U (88%), J«m_rU (85%), ehar (92%)] VgoM amï´>r` Z_wZm nmhUrÀ`m AhdmbmVrb (Ahdmb 537) AmH$So>dmar nm{hë`mg J«m_rU _{hbm§_Üò 10 dr Am{U Ë`mnwT>o {ejU KoVboë`m _{hbm§Mo à_mU H$_r Amho Ago {XgyZ òVo. øm_wio _{hbm§À`m amoOJmamÀ`m g§Ytda _`m©Xm oVmV.

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H$YrVar {ddmh Pmbm Amho Aem _{hbm§er EHy$U EH$Q>çm {ó`m§Mr ({dYdm, doJù`m amhUmè`m Am{U KQ>ñ\$moQ>rV) Q>¸o$dmar 15% Amho. øm _{hbm§À`m JQ>mbm _mb_Îmoda/ g§gmYZm§da h¸$ {_i{dUo nwéfgÎmmH$ ì`dñWoV A{YH$M H$R>rU OmVo. Ë`m_wio `m JQ>mH$So> _{hbm g§KQ>Zm§Mo {deof bj Agbo nm{hOo. {dYdm n[aË`º$m {ó`m§À`m bT>çm_wio _hmamï´>mV EH$Q>çm {ó`m§Zm aoeZ H$mS©>, noÝeZ BË`mXr `moOZm§Mm bm^ {_imbm Amho. AbrH$So>M Vob§JUm gaH$maZo EH$Q>çm {ó`m§gmR>r é. 1000 _{hZm noÝeZ `moOZm Omhra Ho$br Amho.

{nÊ`mMo nmUr Am{U ñdÀN>Vm

Hw$Qw>§~mgmR>r {nÊ`mMo Am{U BVa dmnamMo nmUr {_i{dÊ`mMr àmW{_H$ O~m~Xmar Hw$Qw>§~mVrb {ó`m nma nmS>V AgVmV. VgoM ñdÀN>VoÀ`m gmo`r Zgë`mg _{hbm§Zm doJdoJù`m àH$maÀ`m AS>MUtZm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo. Ë`m_wio m~m~VMr AmH$So>dmar nmhUo _hËdmMo Amho.

H$moï>H$ 2 - {nÊ`mÀ`m nmÊ`mMm _w»` ómoV, Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr Q>¸o$dmar

J«m_rU mJmV nmUrnwadR>m moOZo Ûmao {_iUmao nmUr ho 50% Hw$Qw>§~m§Mm (32% à{H«$`m Ho$boë`m ómoVmVyZ Va 18% à{H«$`m Z Ho$boë`m ómoVmVyZ) {nÊ`mÀ`m nmÊ`mMm à_wI ómoV Amho. 47% Hw$Qw>§~o {d{har, ~moAadob Am{U hmVn§n øm§À`m _mY_mVyZ ^yObmda Adb§~yZ AmhoV. Ë`m nmÊ`mÀ`m JwUdÎmo ~m~V H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr _m{hVr CnbãY Zmhr. VgoM Á`m§À`mH$S>o O_rZ Am{U {dhrar ImoXÊ`mgmR>r n¡gm Amho

{nÊ`mÀ`m nmÊ`mMm ómoV

à{H«$`m Ho$boë`m ómoVmVyZ ZimZo {_iUmao nmUr

à{H«$`m Z Ho$boë`m ómoVmVyZ ZimZo {_iUmao nmUr

PmH$bobr {dhra

Z PmH$bobr {dhra

hmVn§n

Q>çy~dob/ ~moAa dob

Pam

ZXr/ H$mbdm

Vbmd

BVa ómoV

ehar

85.7

3.4

1

1.6

2.8

3.8

0.1

0.1

0.3

1.2

J«m_rU

32

18.3

3.2

21.1

15.7

7.2

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.9

EHy$U

56.3

11.6

2.2

12.2

9.9

5.7

0.3

0.4

0.4

1


2 / O_rZ Am{U BVa g§gmYZo: {ó`m g_mZVoÀ`m A{YH$mar AmhoV H$m?

Vo bmoH$ øm ómoVm§da Adb§~yZ amhÿ eH$VmV. nmÊ`mÀ`m Q>§MmB©À`m H$mimV ^y{_hrZ, Jar~ _{hbm§Mo H$ï> A{YH$M dmT>VmV.

H$moï>H$ 3 - nmÊ`mÀ`m ómoVmMo {R>H$mU, Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr Q>¸o$dmar

19.6%$ Hw$Qw>§~m§_Ü`o nmÊ`mMm _w»` ómoV hm KamnmgyZ Xÿa Amho. m{R>H$mUr _{hbm§Zm Xÿada MmbV OmD$Z nmUr AmUÊ`mMo H$m_ H$amdo bmJVo d gmh{OH$M _{hbm§Mm doi Am{U H$ï> dmT>VmV.

H$moï>H$ 4 - ñdÀN>VoÀ`m gmo`r, Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr Q>¸o$dmar

J«m_rU ^mJmVrb 62% Hw$Qw>§~m§_Ü`o ñdV…Mo em¡Mmb` Zmhr. Ë`mn¡H$s Ho$di 6.2% Hw$Qw>§~m§Zm gmd©O{ZH$ em¡Mmb`mMr gmo` CnbãY Amho, na§Vw BVam§Zm CKS>çmda OmÊ`m{edm` n`m©` Zmhr. AbrH$So>M gmonoH$m°_Zo (2014) Ho$boë`m Aä`mgm_YyZ Ago {XgyZ oVo H$s em¡Mmb`mMr ì`dñWm Zgë`m_wio _{hbm§Mm doi dm`m

3OmVmo, Agwa{jVVm dmT>Vo Am{U em[aarH$ d _mZ{gH$ Amamo½`mda AZoH$ dmB©Q> n[aUm_ hmoVmV .

KamÀ`m AmdmamV

KamÀ`m AmdmamÀ`m Odi

KamnmgyZ Xÿa

ehar

79.3

15.6

5.2

J«m_rU

42.9

37.5

19.6

EHy$U

59.4

27.5

13.1



J«m_rU

ehar

EHy$U

38

71.3

53.1

62

28.7

46.9

6.2

21

12.9

55.8

7.7

34

KamÀ`m AmdmamV em¡Mmb` AgUmar

Hw$Qw>§~o

KamÀ`m AmdmamVem¡Mmb` ZgUmar

Hw$Qw>§~o

KamÀ`m AmdmamVem¡Mmb` ZgUmè`mHw$Qw>§~m§gmR>r n`m©`

gmd©O{ZH$ em¡Mmb` CKS>çmda


3."ñdÀN>VoÀ`m Anwè`m gmo`r Am{U _{hbm§da hmoUmao n[aUm_', 2014, gmonoH$m°_

eoVr Am{U {g§MZ

H$moï>H$ 5 - amÁ`mVrb à_wI {nH$m§Imbrb joÌ (joÌ - 00 hoŠQ>a)

Economic survey of Maharashtra _Yrb _m{hVr n{hbr Va _hmamï´>mVrb à_wI {nH$m§Imbrb joÌ n{hbo Va doJdoJù`m {nH$m§À`m ~m~VrV doJim H$b {XgVmo. Vm§Xÿi Am{U JìhmÀ`m ImbMo joÌ dmT>bo Amho, na§Vw Ë`mhr nojm _moR>r dmT> BVa V¥UYmÝ`m_Üò Pmbobr {XgyZ òVo. ømCbQ> Ádmar Am{U ~mOar ImbMo joÌ H$_r Pmbo Amho. na§Vw EHy$U AÞYmÝ`mImbrb joÌ n{hbo Va 2000-2001 À`m VwbZoV _mJÀ`m n§Yam dfm©§V AÞYmÝ`mImbrb joÌm_Üò 19,10,000 hoŠQ>a EdT>r KQ> Pmbr Amho. ømCbQ> D$gmÀ`m joÌmV 30,000 hoŠQ>a Va H$mngmÀ`m joÌmV 1,11,300 hoŠQ>a EdT>r dmT> Pmbr Amho. AÞYmÝ`mImbrb joÌm_Üò Pmboë`m KQ>rMm g§~§Y AÞgwajm, AmhmamVrb nmofU Am{U n`m©`mZo _{hbm§À`m Amamo½`mer Amho.

EHy$U V¥UYmÝò

EHy$U H$S>YmÝò

EHy$U AÞYmÝ`

EHy$U Vob{~`m

Cg

H$mnyg

V§~mIy

1960-61

10606

2349

12955

1868

155

2500

25

9824

3557

13382

2559

687

3077

8

2000-01

ómoV - Economic survey of Maharashtra, 2015-16, Directorate of economics and statistics

(Q>rn - `m{R>H$mUr H$moï>H$ g§{já énmV {Xbobo Amho.)

8059

3413

11472

4211

987

4190

1

2014-15


H$moï>H$ 6 - amÁ`mVrb {g§{MV joÌ

_hmamï´>mVrb EHy$U {g§MZmImbrb ({d{har Am{U BVa ómoV {_iyZ) joÌ ho Ho$di 17.9% Amho. øm {g§{MV joÌmMr {d^mJUr amÁ`mV Ag_mZnUo Pmbobr Amho. _{hbm§À`m ~m~VrV {dMma H$am`Mm Pmbm Va {g§MmZm~m~V _{hbm§Mm gh^mJ A{Ve` ZJÊ` Agm Amho. {g§MZmMm dmna H$gm Agmdm, Ë`mMo h¸$ H$moUË`m AmYmamda R>admdo, {d{har H$moUmÀ`m Zmdmda Agmì`mV, nmUr dmna g§ñWoMo g^mgX H$moU AgmdoV m gd© ~m~VrV J«m_rU nmVirda _{hbm§Mm gh^mJ Odinmg Zmhr. Ë`mMo _w»` H$maU ho EHy$U dJ©, OmV d nwéfàYmZ ì`dñWoer {ZJS>rV Amho. Á`mMr O{_Zrda _mbH$s Ë`mMm nmÊ`mda A{YH$ma ho gmd©{ÌH$nUo _mÝ` Ho$bo Jobo Amho. gmd©O{ZH$ {g§MZ ì`dñWm (åhUOo gmd©O{ZH$ IMm©VyZ {Z_m©U Pmbobr ^yn¥ð>darb nmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm CXm. YaUo d H$mbì`mÛmao Ho$bobo nmÊ`mMo {dVaU) Va bm^joÌmÀ`m {dMmagaUrVM AS>Hy$Z am{hbr Amho. Á`mMr O_rZ bm^joÌmV Ë`mÀ`mM _mbH$sMo nmUr øm VÎdm_wio X{bV, Am{Xdmgr d _{hbm mVyZ AnmoAmnM dJibo OmVmV. gmonoH$m°_À`m H$mhr Aä`mgmVyZ Ago bjmV òVo H$s X{bV d Am{XdmgtÀ`m _mbH$sÀ`m Á`m H$mhr WmoS>çmWmoS>Š`m O{_Zr AmhoV Ë`m bm^joÌmÀ`m

4~mhoaM AmhoV . _{hbm§À`m Zmdo ~hþVoH$ {R>H$mUr O{_ZrMr _mbH$sM Zmhr. Ago Agë`m_wio {g§MZmnmgyZ ho KQ>H$ d§{MVM am{hbo AmhoV. {d{hatMr _mbH$s, nmUbmoQ> {dH$mg g{_Ë`m§Mo g^mgX, nmUr dmna g§ñWm§Mo g^mgX m~m~VrVbr OmV, dJ©, {b§J {Zhm` Aer _m{hVrM AmO CnbãY Zmhr.

_hmamï´>mV gmd©O{ZH$ {g§MZ joÌmV Odinmg 3000 nmUr dmna g§ñWm {Z_m©U Ho$ë`m AmhoV. Ë`mVrb {Zåå`m g§ñWm H$m`©aV AmhoV Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. gmonoH$m°_ d `m joÌmV H$m_ H$aUmè`m XoeâmVrb g§ñWm g§KQ>Zm§À`m aoQ>çm_wio AZoH$ amÁ`m_Üò àËòH$ nmUr dmna g§ñWoÀ`m ì`dñWmnZ g{_Vrda {H$_mZ 3 Var _{hbm AgUo H$m`ÚmZo A{Zdm`© Pmbo Amho. _hmamï´>mV hm H$m`Xm 2005 _Üò nmg Pmbm. _hmamï´>mV Var

477

579

780

999

987

1162

1960-61

1970-71

1980-81

1990-91

2000-01

2009-10

595

768

1055

1672

2262

2159

{g§{MV joÌ (000 hoŠQ>a) EHy$U {g§{MV joÌmMr EHy$U bmJdS> Ho$boë`m

joÌmer Q>¸o$dmar

1072

1347

1835

2671

3249

3321

6.5

8.4

12.3

15.2

17.8

17.9

1220

1570

2415

3319

3852

4050


{dhradf© BVa ómoV {Zìdi (Net) EHy$U (Gross)


4. Assessing Social and Gender Equity in the Water Sector, 2011, SOPPECOM

http://soppecom.org/publications-policy.htm

AmO Ë`m_wio {H$_mZ 4500 Vo 5000 _{hbm gmd©O{ZH$ {g§MZ joÌmV Agm`bm hì`mV. AWm©V Ë`mgmR>r gm_m{OH$ ì`dñWoMm nJS>m d {Z`moOZ, ~OoQ> d _w»`V: BÀN>meº$sMm g§nyU© A^md `m_wio àË`jmV _{hbm {g§MZmÀ`m {Z`moOZmV gH«$s` ZmhrV AgoM {MÌ Amho.

ho {MÌ ~Xbm`Mo Agë`mg Obg§nXm {d^mJ, Obg§YmaU {d^mJ, nmUr nwadR>m d ñdÀN>Vm {d^mJ m gd© {d^mJmZr _{hbm d gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` m Ñï>rZo nmÊ`mÀ`m g§X^m©V EH$ œoVn{ÌH$m H$mT>Ê`mMr JaO Amho. Ë`mV _{hbm d BVa d§{MV KQ>H§$À`m Ñï>rZo H$m`©H«$_ d Ë`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Ago ~OoQ> mMr _m§S>Ur Agbr nm{hOo.

eoVr_Yrb gh^mJ Am{U g§gmYZm§darb h¸$

eoVr_Yrb ~hþVoH$ H$m_mMo AmoPo _{hbm CMbVmV. eoVr_Yrb ~hþVoH$ gd© H$ï>mMr, {H$MH$Q>, doiImD$ H$m_o _{hbm H$aV AgVmV. na§Vw g§gmYZm§da Ë`m§Mr _mbH$s {H§$dm Ë`m§À`mer g§~§{YV {ZU©`à{H«$`oV Ë`m§Mm gh^mJ _mÌ Ë`mà_mUmV Agbobm {XgyZ oV Zmhr.

Vº$m 1 - H$m_Jmam§À`m dJm©§à_mUo _{hbm Am{U nwéfm§Mr Q>¸o$dmar


øm VŠË`mdê$Z {XgyZ oVo H$s EHy$U eoVr H$aUmè`m§n¡H$s 40% Va EHy$U eoV_Owam§n¡H$s 50% øm _{hbm AmhoV. VgoM ImbÀ`m VŠË`mVyZ Oo {MÌ {XgVo Amho Ë`mà_mUo EHy$U nwéf H$m_Jmam§n¡H$s eoVr H$aUmè`m nwéfm§Mr Q>¸o$dmar 23% Va eoV_Owam§Mr Q>¸o$dmar 30% Amho. nU hoM à_mU _{hbm§gmR>r AZwH«$_o 30% Am{U 40% EdT>o A{YH$ Amho.

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

34

66

Totalworkers

40

60

Cultivators

50

50

Agriculturallabourers

44

56

HouseholdIndustry

21

79

Otherworkers

Female

Male


Vº$m 2 - _{hbm Am{U nwéf H$m_Jmam§_Üò H$m_JmamÀ`m dJm©§Mr Q>¸o$dmar, 2011 Mr OZJUZm


eoVr_Üò AgUmao _{hbm§Mo ho moJXmZ O{_ZrÀ`m _mbH$s_Üò _mÌ namdVr©V Pmbobo {XgV Zmhr. 2010-11 À`m H¥$fr JUZo à_mUo amÁ`mVrb yYmaH$ (Operational holders) _{hbm§Mo à_mU Ho$di 15% Amho. `mVyZ AWm©VM O_rZ _mbH$s {gÕ hmoV Zmhr.

Vº$m 3 - _{hbm Am{U nwéf yYmaH$m§Mr Q>¸o$dmar, 2010-11 Mr H¥$frJUZm

ómoV - H¥$fr JUZm, 2010-11

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%Male Female Total

Workers

23

21

2

54

30

40

3

27

25

27

2

45

Other Workers

Household Industry

Agricultural Labourers

Cultivators

85

15

Male

Female


H$moï>H$ 7 - _mM© 2015 AIoa n`©§V XoÊ`mV Amboë`m {H$gmZ H«o$S>rQ> H$mS>m©§Mr g§»`m


Economic survey of Maharashtra øm Ahdmbmà_mUo _mM© 2015 AIoa n`©§V amÁ`mV EHy$U 90.80 bmI {H$gmZ H«o$S>rQ> H$mS©> XoÊ`mV Ambr AmhoV. øm~ÔbMr {b§J^md AmYm[aV {d^mJUr CnbãY Zgë`mZo ømn¡H$s {H$Vr H$mS©> _{hbm§À`m ZmdmZo XoÊ`mV Ambr ho gm§JVm `oV Zmhr. Aem àH$maMr _m{hVr CnbãY hmoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.

_{hbm§à_mUoM AZwgy{MV OmVr Am{U O_mVr øm BVa d§{MV JQ>m§À`m ~m~VrVhr g§gmYZmdarb h¸$m§À`m ~m~VrV n[apñWVr g_mZ Amho ho {XgyZ oVo.

ghH$mar ~±H$

àmXo{eH$ J«m_rU ~±H$

ì`mdgm{`H$ ~±H$

EHy$U

65.30

4.25

21.25

90.80

~±H$_mM© 2015 n`©§V XoÊ`mV Ambobr

{H$gmZ H«o$S>rQ> H$mS©> (g§»`m, bmImV)


H$moï>H$ 8 - _hmamï´>mÀ`m J«m_rU mJmVrb doJdoJù`m dJm©§À`m gm_m{OH$-Am{W©H$ n[apñWVrMr _m{hVr, Q>¸o$dmar, Socio economic caste census, 2011

ómoV - Indian Express, 6 Owb¡ 2015 (http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/landlessness-

is-higher-among-dalits-but-more-adivasis-are-deprived/)

Socio economic caste census _Yrb hr AmH$So>dmar n{hbr Va {XgyZ oVo H$s g§gmYZm§Mr d§{MVVm AZwgy{MV OmVr Am{U O_mVrÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~m§_Ü`o BVa Hw$Qw>§~m§À`m VwbZoZo A{YH$ Amho. {ó`m§Mr AmH$So>dmar `mV CnbãY Zmhr.

EHy$U Hw$Qw>§~o

d§{MV Hw$Qw>§~o (%)

_Owarda Adb§~yZ AgUmar Hw$Qw>§~o (%)

^y{_hrZ Am{U _Owarda Adb§~yZ AgUmar Hw$Qw>§~o (%)

eoVH$ar Hw$Qw>§~o (%)

ñd`§M{bV dmhZ (motor

vehicle) AgUmar Hw$Qw>§~o (XþMmH$s, VrZMmH$s, MmaMmH$s, _mgo_marÀ`m ~moQ>r) (%)

ñdV…Mo n¸o$ Ka AgUmar Hw$Qw>§~o (%)

ñdV…Mm \«$sO AgUmar Hw$Qw>§~o (%)

BVaEHy$U AZwgy{MVOmVr

AZwgy{MVO_mVr

17.92 H$moQ>r

60.61

51.14

29.97

30.10

20.69

18.52

11.04

12.64 H$moQ>r

54.58

46.88

26.02

31.96

24.51

22.31

13.41

3.31 H$moQ>r

72.58

67.27

45.15

18.35

12.59

11.29

6.49

1.96 H$moQ>r

78.58

51.36

29.84

37.93

9.79

6.36

3.43


H$m`Xoera nmœ©^y_r / 11

ì`{º$JV H$m`Xo

_{hbm§Zm Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mH$Sy>Z {_iUmè`m _mb_Îmo_Yrb A{YH$ma ì`{º$JV H$m`Úm§Zwgma R>aVmV. Amnë`m XoemV àË oH$ Y_m©gmR>r doJio ì`{º$JV H$m`Xo AmhoV Am{U _mb_Îmodarb A{YH$ma Ë`mZwgma R>aV AgVmV. {h§Xÿ, erI, ~m¡Õ Am{U O¡Z Y{_©`m§Mo _mb_Îmo g§~§YmVrb A{YH$ma 1956 gmbr àW_ bmJy Pmboë`m {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Xm øm H$m`ÚmZwgma d Ë`mVrb 2005 gmbÀ`m gwYmaUoZwgma R>aVmV. _wpñ_b, p¼üZ Am{U nmaer Y{_©`m§Mo ømg§Xm^m©Vrb ñdV§Ì H$m`Xo AmhoV. VgoM Am{Xdmgr g_wXm`m§_Üò Ë`m§Mo doJio {Z`_ bmJy hmoVmV. øm gd© ì`{º$JV H$m`Úm§Mr nwT>o WmoS>Š`mV MMm© Ho$br Amho. H$m`ÚmVrb gd© ~m~r g{dñVanUo _m§S>boë`m ZgyZ _{hbm§À`m _mb_Îmodarb h¸$m§À`m g§X^m©Vrb à_wI _wÚm§Mm AmT>mdm KoVbobm Amho.

{h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Xm (gwYmaUm 2005)

{h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Úm~Ôb AmOda ~aoM {bImU Pmbo Amho. {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Xm àW_ 1956 _Üò bmJy Pmbm. Ë`mdoir H$m`Úmà_mUo _wbtZm d{S>bmonm{O©V _mb_Îmo_Üò h¸$ {_imbm Agbm Var Vmo _`m©{XV hmoVm Am{U _wbm§À`m ~amo~arMm ZìhVm. àW_ 1994 _Üò _hmamï´> gaH$ma Va 2005 _Üò H|$Ð gaH$ma V\}$ {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Úm_Üò ~Xb H$aÊ`mV Ambm, Am{U AmVm d{S>bmon{O©V _mb_Îmo_Üò OÝ_mZoM _wbtZm _wbm§À`m g_mZ h¸$ {_iVmo. H$m`ÚmMr A§_b~OmdUr gwê$ Pmbr Vgo H$mhr _wÔo CnpñWV hmoD$ bmJbo. hm H$m`Xm 9 gßQ>|~a 2005 Z§Va OÝ_mbm Amboë`m _wbtZmM bmJy hmoUma H$m? Ë`mAmYr OÝ_mbm Amboë`m _wbtMo H$m`? øm _wX²Úm§da ñnï>Vm oÊ`mgmR>r _w§~B© Cƒ Ý`m`mb`mZo EH$m I§S>nrR>mMr {Z`wº$s Ho$br. 14 Am°JñQ> 2014 amoOr øm I§S>nrR>mZo Amnbm {ZU©` {Xbm. øm {ZU©`mà_mUo Ý`m`mb`mZo 2005 Z§Va d Ë`mnydr© OÝ_mbm Amboë`m gd© _wbtMm g_mZ h¸$ _mÝ` Ho$bm. Ago Agbo Var 2005 gmbr Oa Vr ór Or{dV Agob VaM {Vbm hm H$m`Xm bmJy hmoVmo. Ë`mMà_mUo H$m`Xm bmJy hmoÊ`mnydr© Hw$Qw>§~m_Üò _mb_ÎmoMr H$m`Xoera dmQ>Ur Pmbr Agob Va _{hbobm Zì`mZo dmagm h¸$mVrb dmQ>UrgmR>r _mJUr H$aVm oUma Zmhr ho hr m I§S>nrR>mZo ñnï> Ho$bo.

^mJ 2 / H$m`Xoera nmœ©^y_r


{h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Úm_Üò nVrÀ`m _mb_Îmo_Üò nËZrMm h¸$ _mÌ _`m©{XV Amho. nVrÀ`m _¥Ë`yZ§Va {dYdm nËZrbm Ë`mÀ`m _mb_Îmo_Üò h¸$ {_iVmo, _mÌ Vmo h`mV AgVmZm Ë`mÀ`m O{_ZrMr dmQ>Ur Pmë`mg Ë`m_Üò nËZrbm h¸$ {_iV Zmhr.

2005 À`m gwYmaUo_Yrb AmUIr EH$ ~Xb åhUOo H$m`Úm_Yrb H$b_ 4 (2) H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mV Ambo. ho H$b_ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$ë`m_wio {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Úmbm O{_Zr g§X^m©Vrb BVa H$m`Úm§_wio _`m©Xm oUma Zmhr ho ñnï> Pmbo. `m_wio amÁ`mVrb {g{b§J, Hw$i d{hdmQ>, VyH$So> ~§Xr H$m`Xm BË`mXr ho {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`ÚmÀ`m (2005) A§_b~OmdUr _Üò H$moUVrhr ~mYm AmUy eH$Uma ZmhrV.

ho gd© ~Xb Pmbo Agbo Var {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Úm_Üò AOyZhr H$mhr _hËdmMo ~Xb hmoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. Ë`mn¡H$s à_wI _wÔm åhUOo H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$b_ 30 à_mUo ì`º$sbm Amnë`m _mb_ÎmoMo _¥Ë`wnÌmÛmao hdo Vgo dmQ>n H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ Amho. øm_wio H$m`ÚmZo _wbtZm g_mZ h¸$ {Xbobm Agbm Var àË`jmV Vmo S>mdbbm OmÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. Ë`m_wio Vgo Z hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo H$m`Úm_Üò gwYmaUm H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. øm{R>H$mUr _wñbr_ ng©Zb bm° Mm g§X^© n{hbm Va Ë`m_Üò _¥Ë`ynÌmÛmao {H$Vr _mb_Îmm XoD$Z Q>mH$Vm òB©b ømda ~§YZ KmVbobo Amho. Xþgam _wÔm åhUOo H$m`ÚmÀ`m àË`j A§_b~OmdUr_Üò Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s {ó`m Amnë`m d{S>bmonm{O©V O{_Zr_Yrb h¸$ ^mdm§gmR>r h¸$gmoS> nÌ H$ê$Z gmoSy>Z XoVmV. hr à{H«$`m gmonr hmoD$ Zò ømgmR>r H$m`Úm_ÜòM Ver VaVyX AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.

_wñbr_ ng©Zb bm°

1937 n`©§V maVmVrb _wñbr_ Y{_©`m§Zm H$ñQ>_ar H$m`Xo bmJy hmoV hmoVo Oo AZoH$ ~m~VrV AÝ`m`H$maH$ hmoVo. 1937 _Üò earAV H$m`Xm bmJy Pmë`mZ§Va _wñbr_ Y{_©`m§À`m dmagm, {ddmh, KQ>ñ\$moQ>, BË`mXr ~m~r _wñbr_ ng©Zb bm° (earAV) à_mUo {Z`§{ÌV hmoD$ bmJë`m.

_wñbr_ dmagm h¸$ VrZ à_wI VÎdm§da AmYm[aV Amho.

1. Hw$amUm_Üò H$mhr ì`º$s¨Zm R>am{dH$ dmQ>m XoÊ`mV Ambobm Amho 2. Cabobr _mb_Îmm agnatic heirs H$So> (d{S>bm§À`m ~mOyZo oUmao d§eO) Am{U Vo Zgë`mg uterine

heirs H$So> (AmB©À`m ~mOyZo oUmao d§eO) OmVo 3. XoUJr hr _mb_ÎmoÀ`m 1/3 mJmnojm A{YH$ Agy eH$V Zmhr. åhUOoM _¥Ë`ynÌmÛmao ì`º$s 1/3 nojm

A{YH$ _mb_Îmm XoD$Z Q>mHy$ eH$V Zmhr.

_{hbm§À`m _mb_Îmo _Yrb h¸$mÀ`m g§X^m©V Bñbm_ nyd© H$m`Xm Am{U _wñbr_ ng©Zb bm° øm§À`mV AgUmao à_wI \$aH$ nwT>rb à_mUo AmhoV

1. nVr Am{U nËZr øm§Zm dmag _mZÊ`mV Ambo 2. _{hbm Am{U (AmB©À`m ~mOyZo oUmao ZmVodmB©H$ (cognates) øm§Zm dmagm h¸$ {_imbm 3. nmbH$ Am{U nyd©O (ascendants) øm§Zm nwéf d§eO AgVmZmhr dmagm h¸$ {_imbm4. gmYmaU {Z`_ åhUyZ _{hbobm nwéfmÀ`m AmYm© {hñgm _mÝ` H$aÊ`mV Ambm

Zì`mZo g_m{dï> Ho$boë`m dmagm§_Üò àm_w»`mZo _{hbm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVm. AemàH$mao m H$m`ÚmZo dmagm§_Üò _moR>çm à_mUmV à{V{Z{YËd {_imbo Agbo Var _{hbm§Mm {hñgm _mÌ nwéfm§À`m {Zå_m amhVmo.


B§{S>`Z gŠgoeZ A°ŠQ>, 1925

p¼üZ Am{U nmagr Y{_©`m§Mo _mb_ÎmoÀ`m h¸$m§g§~§YrÀ`m nÕVr 1925 À`m B§{S>`Z gŠgoeZ A°ŠQ> Zwgma R>aVmV. H$m`ÚmÀ`m 31 Vo 49 øm H$b_m§_Üò p¼üZ Va 50 Vo 56 øm H$b_m§_Üò nmagr dmagm h¸$m§Mo {Z`_ {Xbobo AmhoV.

p¼üZ Y_m©À`m H$m`Úmà_mUo d{S>bm§À`m _mb_Îmo_Üò _wbtZm _wbm§À`m ~amo~arZo h¸$ XoÊ`mV Ambobm Amho. nVrÀ`m nümV Ë`mÀ`m {dYdm nËZrbmhr g§nÎmr_Üò h¸$ {_iVmo, na§Vw Vmo {H$Vr {_iUma ho Ë`mMo BVa d§eO Am{U aº$mMo ZmVodmB©H$ H$moU AmhoV ømda R>aVo. EImÚm nwéfmÀ`m nümV {dYdm nËZr Am{U _wbo AgVrb, Va Ë`mÀ`m nËZrbm 1/3 {hñgm {_iob Am{U Cd©arV 2/3 {hñgm Ë`mÀ`m _wbm§_Üò g_mZ nÕVrZo dmQ>bm OmB©b. EImÚm nwéfmÀ`m nümV {dYdm nËZr Agob, _wbo ZgVrb, nU Ë`mMo aº$mMo ZmVodmB©H$ - AmB©-dS>rb, mD$-~{hU AgVrb Va Ë`mÀ`m nËZrbm 1/2 h¸$ {_iob Am{U Cd©[aV 1/2 ^mJ Ë`mÀ`m aº$mÀ`m ZmVodmB©H$m§Zm {_iob. Am{U Oa Ë`mÀ`m nümV _wbo {H§$dm ZmVodmB©H$ Ago H$moUr Zgob Va Ë`mMr gd© g§nÎmr Ë`mÀ`m {dYdm nËZrbm {_iob.

nmagr dmagm h¸$ H$m`Úmà_mUo néw fmÀ`m _Ë¥ `Zy V§ a {dYdm nËZr, _bw o Am{U _bw r ømZ§ m gn§ Îmr_Ü o g_mZ h¸$ {_iVm.o VgMo Ë`mÀ`m nümV Ë`mMo AmB-© dS>rb h`mV AgVrb Va Ë`mZ§ mhr _bw mÀ§ `m AmYm© {hñgm {_iVm.o

_wñbr_ ng©Zb bm° Am{U B§{S>`Z gŠgoeZ A°ŠQ> øm XmoÝhr _Üò {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Úmà_mUo g§nÎmr_Üò d{S>bmonm{O©V Am{U ñdH$ï>m{O©V Agm \$aH$ Ho$bobm Zmhr.

`mì`{V[aº$ Am{Xdmgr g_wXm`m§Mo dmagm§À`m g§X^m©V ñdV…Mo ñdV§Ì {Z`_ AgyZ Ë`m g_wXm`m§_Üò Ë`mZwgma O{_Zrg§X^m©Vrb ì`dhma Ho$bo OmVmV.

O{_Zr g§X^m©Vrb H$m`Xo

ì`{º$JV H$m`Úm§À`m ~amo~arZo O{_Zrer g§~§{YV H$mhr BVa H$m`Úm§Mm øm{R>H$mUr {dMma H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. amÁ`KQ>ZoÀ`m H$b_ 246 à_mUo àËòH$ amÁ`mbm Ë`m_Yrb O{_Zrg§~§Yr H$m`Xo H$aÊ`mMm g§nyU© h¸$ Amho. Ë`m_wio XoemVrb doJdoJù`m amÁ`m§_Üò O{_Zrg§~§YrMo H$m`Xo doJdoJio Agbobo {XgyZ òVmV. O{_Zrer g§~§{YV H$m`Xo ho àm_w»`mZo d{hdmQ>rer g§~§{YV H$amam§Mo {Z`_Z, O{_ZrÀ`m _mbH$s _Yrb \o$a\$ma, H$_mb ^yYmaUoMo {Z`_, O_rZXmar gma»`m àWm§Mo {Z_w©bZ, O{_ZrMo {dI§S>Z BË`mXr {df`m§er {ZJS>rV AgVmV. amÁ`mVrb H$m`Xo ho dmagm H$m`Úm§À`m A§_b~OmdUrÀ`m AmS> òD$ eH$VmV. `m nwpñVHo$Mr ì`már ~KVm m gd© H$m`Úm§Mr g§nyU© MMm© H$aVm oUma Zmhr na§Vw _{hbm§À`m A{YH$mamda hmoUmao n[aUm_ _m§S>Ê`mMm à`ËZ òWo Ho$bm Amho. {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ (2005) _Yrb H$b_ 4(2) Jmië`mZ§Va {ZXmZ Ë`mH$m`Úm§VJ©V òUmè`m g_mOmbm amÁ`mVrb O{_ZrMo H$m`Xo AmS> òUma ZmhrV Ago VËdV: Var Amho. _wñbr_, p¼üZ, nmagr Y{_©`mg§R>r AWm©VM amÁ`mMo H$m`Xo bmJy amhVrb d Ë`m_wio EH$ àH$maMr Ag_mZVm XoIrb {Z_m©U Pmbr Amho.


AWmV© ì`dhmamVrb H$m`Xm hm H$mJXmdarb H$m`Úmnjo m Iny M dJo im AgVm.o Ë`m_iw o {hX§ ÿ dmagm h¸$mImbr XIo rb _{hbmZ§ m \$ma H$mhr mVZy A{YH$ma àmá Pmbo AmhVo Ago {MÌ _hmamï>mV Var {XgV Zmhr.

YmaU O{_ZtMo VwH$So> nmS>Ê`mg à{V~§Y H$aÊ`m~m~V d Ë`m§Mo EH$ÌrH$aU H$aÊ`m~m~V A{Y{Z`_ (The Bombay Prevention of Fragmentation and Consolidation of

Holdings act) 1947

øm H$m`Úm_Üò O{_ZrMo {d^mOZ EH$m R>am{dH$ _`m©XoÀ`m nbrH$So> H$aVm òUma Zmhr Ago Z_yX Ho$bobo Amho. Ë`m_wio dmagm§_Üò O{_ZrMo {d^mOZ H$aV AgVmZm øm H$m`ÚmZo KmVbobr _`m©Xm {dMmamV KoD$Z H$amdo bmJVo.

_hmamï´> eoVO_rZ (O_rZYmaUoMr H$_mb _`m©Xm) A{Y{Z`_ (The Maharashtra agricultural lands (ceiling on holdings) act) 1961

H$_mb ^yYmaUoÀ`m øm H$m`ÚmImbr àËòH$ ì`º$sÀ`m Zmdmda OmñVrV OmñV {H$Vr O_rZ Agmdr ho gm§JUmar _`m©Xm KmbÊ`mV Ambr. øm H$m`Úm_wio Hw$Qw>§~mH$So> Agbobr O_rZ OmD$ Zò, ømgmR>r AZoH$Xm Hw$Qw>§~mVrb {ó`m§À`m Zmdmda Ë`mn¡H$s H$mhr O_rZ H$ê$Z {Xbr OmVo.

_hmamï´> Hw$id{hdmQ> d eoVO_rZ A{Y{Z`_ (Maharashtra Tenancy and Agricultural Lands act), 1948

"H$gob Ë`mMr O_rZ' ho Hw$iH$m`ÚmMo _w»` VÎd hmoVo. øm H$m`Úmà_mUo 1 E{àb 1957 amoOr Or ì`º$s Hw$i åhUyZ O_rZ H$gV hmoVr, Vr O{_ZrMr H$m`Xoera _mbH$ Pmbr. øm_Üò {ó`m§À`m h¸$m§Mm doJim {dMma Ho$bm Jobobm Zmhr. Hw$io åhUyZ àm_w»`mZo nwéfm§Mr Zmdo Agë`mZo O{_Zr Ë`m§À`m ZmdmZo Pmë`m. Aem àH$mao {_iUmè`m O{_Zt_Üò _{hbm§À`m ZmdmMm g_mdoe H$gm H$aVm òB©b ømMm {dMma H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a `m H$m`ÚmMm Xþgam n[aUm_ åhUOo ^yYmaH$ ñdV… O_rZ H$gV Zgbo Var Am¡nMm[aH$nUo eoVr I§S>mZo XoÊ`mg V`ma hmoV ZmhrV. O{_Zrda Hw$im§Mo Zmd bmJbo Va O_rZ Amnë`m Vmã`mVyZ OmB©b Aer Ë`m§Zm ^rVr dmQ>Vo. `mMm n[aUm_ O_rZ I§S>mZo KoD$Z eoVr H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§da hmoVmo. _{hbm§À`m gm_w{hH$ eoVr à`moJmdarb mJm_Üò mMr MMm© Ho$br Amho.

^yg§nmXZ d nwZd©gZmg§~§YrMm H|$Ð gaH$maMm H$m`Xm The right to fair compensation and transparency in land acquisition,

rehabilitation and resettlement act, 2013

1894 À`m yg§nmXZ H$m`Úm_wio eoVH$ar, Am{Xdmgr, X{bVm§À`m O{_Zr bw~mS>ë`m OmV hmoË`m d Ë`mMm {damoY AZoH$ g§KQ>Zm H$aV hmoË`m. {~«Q>reH$mbrZ H$m`Xm ~Xbbm nm{hOo Aer _mJUr gmVË`mZo H$aÊ`mV òV hmoVr Am{U 2013 gmbr EH$ ZdrZ H$m`Xm bmJy H$aÊ`mV Ambm. Am¡Úmo{JH$aU, eharH$aU, VgoM Amdí`H$ godm§Mr ~m§YUr BË`mXr H$maUm§gmR>r O_rZ g§nmXZ H$aV AgVmZm Ë`m_wio Á`m§À`mda n[aUm_ hmoB©b Aem Hw$Qw>§~m§Zm mo½` Vmo _mo~Xbm {_imdm, VgoM øm à{H«$`m§_Üò Ë`m§Mm gh^mJ dmT>mdm øm CÔoemZo hm H$m`Xm ~Z{dÊ`mV Ambm. øm H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$mhr VaVwXr (CXmhaUmW© {dñWm{nVm§À`m nwZd©gZm_Üò n`m©`r


CnOr{dHo$Mm {dMma ZgUo) {dñWm{nVm§À`m Ñï>rZo \$m`ÚmÀ`m Zgë`m, Var AZoH$ Mm§Jë`m VaVwXrhr øm H$m`ÚmV H$aÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV. Ogo H$s g§nmXZm_wio ~m{YV hmoUmè`m bmoH$m§Mr nyd©g§_Vr, gm_m{OH$ n[aUm_m§Mo _yë`_mnZ H$aUmè`m Aä`mgmMr VaVyX BË`mXr. øm H$m`Úm_Üò gwYmaUm H$aUmao {dYo`H$ 2015 _Üò _m§S>Ê`mV Ambo. øm ZdrZ {dYo`H$m_Üò O{_ZrÀ`m dmnamgmR>rMo nmM {deof {d^mJ Z_yX H$aÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV - amï´>r` gwajm, g§ajU, J«m_rU nm`m^yV gw{dYm, Am¡Úmo{JH$ H$m°arS>m°a, Am{U J[a~m§gmR>r Ka~m§YUr. øm {dYo`H$mà_mUo g§nmXZ Ho$br OmUmar O_rZ Oa øm nmM n¡H$s EH$m H$maUmgmR>r Ho$br OmV Agob Va H$m`ÚmV Z_yX Ho$bobr, 80 Q>¸o$ bmoH$m§À`m g§_VrÀ`m Amdí`H$VoMr VaVyX bmJy hmoUma Zmhr. VgoM Aem doir gm_m{OH$ n[aUm_ _yë`_mnZmMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr Agohr øm {dYo`H$m_Üò åh§Q>bo Amho. øm ZdrZ VaVwXr AWm©VM eoVH$è`m§gmR>r AÝ`m`H$maH$ Agë`mZo AZoH$ g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm øm {dYo`H$mMm {damoY H$aV AmhoV.

_hmamï´> àH$ën ~m{YV ì`º$s¨Mo nwZd©gZ A{Y{Z`_, (Maharashtra Project ffected Persons Rehabilitation ct), 1999

àH$ënJ«ñV ì`º$s¨Mo nwZd©gZ H$aÊ`m g§X^m©V àËòH$ amÁ`mMm Amnbm ñdV…Mm H$m`Xm Amho. _hmamï´>mVrb H$m`Úm_Üò Ago Z_yX H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho H$s ~m{YV ì`º$s¨Mo nwZd©gZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r nwaoer O_rZ CnbãY Pmë`mg Aem àH$ënmnmgyZ bm^ {_iV Agboë`m JmdmVrb O{_Zrda {H§$dm joÌmda Ë`m§Mo nwZd©gZ H$aÊ`mV òB©b. Ë`mM ~amo~a BVa H$moUË`m gw{dYm nwZd©{gV bmoH$m§Zm nwa{dë`m Om`bm hì`mV ho øm H$m`Úm_Üò Z_yX H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho.

_hmamï´> _wÐm§H$ A{Y{Z`_ (Bombay Stamp act) 1958

~m°å~o ñQ>±n A°ŠQ> _Üò 1997 _Üò H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m gwYmaUo _Üò Ago Z_yX H$aÊ`mV Ambo H$s O{_ZrMo hñVm§VaU Hw$Qw>§~m_Yrb ì`º$sÀ`m ZmdmZo H$am`Mo Agob, Va Vo Ho$di 100 é À`m ñQ>±n nona Ûmao H$aVm òB©b. Ë`mgmR>r AmUIr _wÐm§H$ ewëH$ aÊ`mMr JaO Zmhr. Ë`mM~amo~a 1997 _Üò _hmamï´> emgZmZo øm ~Xbmbm A{YH$m{YH$ à{gÕr XoÊ`mgmR>r EH$ n[anÌH$hr à{gÕ Ho$bo. 2015 _Üò Ho$boë`m ZdrZ gwYmaUoà_mUo hr {H§$_V é 200 EdT>r H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. øm gwYmaUoMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z _hmamï´>mVrb H$mhr g§ñWm Zdè`mÀ`m O{_Zr_Yrb H$mhr mJ nËZrÀ`m ZmdmZo H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aV AmhoV.

_m°So>b A°J«rH$ëMa b±S> {b{g§J A°ŠQ>, 2016

gßQ>|~a 2015 _Üò ZrVr Am`moJmZo ^maVmVë`m AZoH$ amÁ`mVë`m Hw$i H$m`Úm§Mm AmT>mdm KoD$Z O_rZ ^mSo>nÅ>o/I§S>mZo XoUo H$m`Xoera H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Ë`m_Üò H$m` gwYmaUm H$amì`m bmJVrb ho VnmgÊ`mgmR>r S>m° VOm_wb hH$ øm§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr EH$m g{_VrMr Zo_UyH$ Ho$br.

boIr H$amamZo mS>çmZo AWdm I§S>mZo O_rZ {Xë`mg Vr Hw$i H$m`Úm§VJ©V Hw$imMrM hmoUma m rVrZo O_rZ _mbH$ Aem àH$maMo boIr H$ama H$am`bm H$MaVmV {H§$~hþZm Vm|S>r ~mobrda XoIrb eoVr mSo>nÅ>rZo XoÊ`mg V`ma ZgVmV. Xwgè`m ~mOybm I§S>mZo eoVr H$aUmao eoVH$ar/eoV_Oya boIr H$ama Zgë`m_wio AZoH$ nmVù`mda Agwa{jV AgVmV. CXm. H$ama Zgë`m_wio ~±H$/g§ñWoÀ`m H$Om©g nmÌ ZgVmV d Z¡g{J©H$ {H§$dm ì`{º$JV A[aï> Amë`mg ZwH$gmZ gmogmdo bmJVo, emgH$s` moOZm§Mm ZwH$gmZ anmB©Mm bm^ _mÌ O_rZ


_mbH$M KoVmZm {XgVmV. m _hÎdmÀ`m H$maUm_wio eoVr Amog nS>br Amho d CËnmXH$Vm KQ>br Amho Ago `m AhdmbmV àm_w»`mZo _m§S>bo Jobo Amho. ho {MÌ ~Xbm`Mo Agë`mg eoVr I§S>mZo {H§$dm ^mSo>nÅ>rZo XoUo H$m`Xoera H$aÊ`mMm àñVmd d EH$ Z_wZm H$m`ÚmMm _gwXm m g{_VrZo m AhdmbmV àñVwV Ho$bm Amho. m Z_wZm H$m`ÚmMo Zmd "_m°So>b A°J«rH$ëMa b±S> {b{g§J A°ŠQ>' 2016 Ago Amho. Ë`m_mJo hr y{_H$m hmoVr H$s O_rZ ^mSo>nÅ>o H$m`Xoera Ho$ë`mg Ë`m_wio eoVr _Yrb H$m`©j_Vm Am{U ì`dgm`m§Vrb d¡{dÜ` dmT>ob, J«m_rU mJmV PnmQ>çmZo ~Xb KSy>Z oB©b, VgoM Ag_mZVoÀ`m _wX²ÚmMm {dMma hmoB©b. g{_VrZo Amnbm Ahdmb VgoM Z_wZm H$m`Xm 11 E{àb 2016 amoOr ZrVr Am`moJmbm gmXa Ho$bm.

O_rZ mSo>nÅ>o H$m`Xoera H$aÊ`mMm _wÔm AZoH$ dfo© MMo©V Amho, Am{U Ë`mÑï>rZo O{_ZrMo nwZ{d©VaU Am{U ^mSo>nÅ>o øm XmoÝhr {df`m§da MMm© gwê$ H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo hm à`ËZ ñdmJVmh© Amho. na§Vw øm AhdmbmV O{_ZrÀ`m nwZ{d©VaUmMm _wÔm nyU©nUo Xwb©{jV Ho$bobm Amho.

Z_wZm H$m`Úm_Yrb H$mhr _wÔo g_mZVoÀ`m Ñï>rZo mo½` ZmhrV. CXm. EH$m ì`º$sZo {H$Vr O_rZ I§S>mZo ¿`mdr `mda ~§YZ AgUo JaOoMo Amho. Vo gÜ`mÀ`m Z_wÝ`mV Zmhr. O_rZ _mbH$ d I§S>mZo KoUmam BÀNw>H$ Aem XmoKm§_Ü`oM H$ama hmoÊ`mMr VaVyX gÜ`mÀ`m H$m`ÚmV Amho. _{hbm JQ> {H§$dm H$mhr eoVH$ar ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mm `m_Ü`o g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm Zmhr. O{_ZrgmR>r ^mSo> {H$Vr Agmdo d Vo R>adÊ`mgmR>r H$m` AmYma Agmdm `m~Ôb XoIrb H$m`ÚmV H$mhrM VaVwXr ZmhrV. I§S>mZo O_rZ KoUmè`m ì`º$sÀ`m Ñï>rZo Am{W©H$ gwajogmR>r H$mhr R>mog nmdbo CMbbobr {XgV ZmhrV. H$O© XoÊ`mgmR>r ~±Ho$Mm {dœmg XoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo A{YH$ ñnï>Vm AgÊ`mMr JaO Amho.

AZwgy{MV O_mVr d BVa nma§nm[aH$ dZ {Zdmgr (dZh¸$ _mÝ` H$aUo) A{Y{Z`_ [Scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers (recognition of forest rights)

act] 2006

AZoH$ dfm©§À`m bT>çmZ§Va hm H$m`Xm nm[aV H$aÊ`mV Ambm. øm dZm{YH$ma H$m`ÚmZo Am{Xdmgr Am{U O§Jbmda Adb§~yZ AgUmè`m g_wXm`m§Mm O§Jbmdarb h¸$ àñWm{nV Pmbm. H$m`ÚmZo O_rZ H$gÊ`mMo, O§JbmMm dmna H$aÊ`mMo, VgoM Ë`mMo g§dY©Z H$aÊ`mMo A{YH$ma bmoH$m§Zm {Xbo. VgoM ì`{º$JV {Xbo OmUmao h¸$ ho nVr-nËZr XmoKm§À`m g§`wº$ ZmdmZo {Xbo OmVrb Ago H$m`ÚmV Z_yX H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho.

nmÊ`mg§X^m©Vrb H$m`Xo d YmoaU

_hmamï´> amÁ` nmUr YmoaU (2003), _hmamï´> Obg§nÎmr {Z`moOZ àm{YH$aU (_O{Zàm) (2005), _hmamï´> {g§MZ nÕVtMo eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z ì`dñWmnZ A{Y{Z`_, (2005) ho VrZ _hÎdmMo H$m`Xo/YmoaU 2000 Z§Va _hmamï´>mV bmJy Pmbo. nmÊ`mMo {Z`moOZ, ì`dñWmnZ, {dVaU d dmna m~m~VrVbo {Z`_ d nÕVr R>adUmao ho H$m`Xo AmhoV.

gdg© mYmaUnUo Ago {XgZy `Vo o H$s øm gñ§ WmË_H$ Am{U Am{WH© $ gYw ma Ymao Um_iw o gaH$maMr ^{y _H$m "gdo m naw dUma'o nmgZy "àmËo gmhZ XUo ma'o Aer ~Xbbr. Jar~ Am{U d{§ MV KQ>H$mÀ§ `m nmÊ`mdarb h¸$md§ a hmUo mao ømMo n[aUm_ Xaÿ Jm_r AmhVo . ømMr H$mhr CXmhaUo ¿`m`Mr Pmë`mg eVo rH$S>yZ CÚmJo mH§ $S>o didbbo o nmUr, {~Ja eVo r dmnamgmR>r {Xbo OmUmao A{YH$m{YH$ nmUr, AÞYmÝ`mnjo m ZJXr {nH$mZ§ m àmYmÝ` XUo mar eVo r _Yrb


Ymao Uo Aer H$mhr XVo m Vo rb. ømMo n[aUm_ gm_m{OH$ Am{U CËnmXZ g~§ Y§ md§ a hmVo AgZy {d{dY dJmVª rb _{hbmÀ§ `m Ñï>rZo Ë`mMm {dMma hmUo o _hËdmMo Amh.o KaJVw r dmnamÀ`m nmÊ`mÀ`m ì`{V[aº$ BVa H$m`Xo Am{U Ymao Um_§ Ü o _{hbmM§ m C„Io A^mdmZMo gmnS>Vm.o Ë`m_iw o _{hbmÀ§ `m gg§ mYZmd§ arb h¸$mg§ mR>r H$m_ H$aV AgVmZm Amnë`mbm nmÊ`mÀ`m jÌo mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Amnë`m _mJÊ`m H$m` AmhVo ømMr _mS§ >Ur H$amdr bmJbo .

_hmamï´> {g§MZ nÕVtMo eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z ì`dñWmnZ A{Y{Z`_, Maharashtra Management of Irrigation Systems by Farmers (MMISF) 2005

{g§MZ àH$ënm§_YyZ H$mbì`mZo eoVrgmR>r {Xë`m OmUmè`m nmÊ`mMo bmoH$m§Zr Amnë`m bm^joÌmV ñdV… nmUr dmna g§ñWm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {Z`moOZ H$amdo hm øm H$m`ÚmMm CÔoe Amho. AmO øm H$m`ÚmImbr _hmamï´>mV gw_mao 3000 nmUr dmna g§ñWm ñWmnZ Pmboë`m AmhoV. øm H$m`ÚmMo EH$ d¡{eï²>` åhUOo øm H$m`ÚmZo nmUr dmna g§ñWm§À`m ì`dñWmnZ g{_Vrda _{hbm§Zm AmajU {_imbo. H$m`Úmà_mUo g{_Vr_Üò 9 {H§$dm 12 gXñ` AgVmV. Ë`mn¡H$s {H$_mZ 3 gXñ` Var _{hbm Agë`mM nm{hOoV Ago AmVm H$m`ÚmZo ñnï> Ho$bo Amho. {g§MZ joÌmVrb _{hbm§Mm gh^mJ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>rMo ho n{hbo nmD$b Amho.

emgZ {ZU©`, n[anÌHo$, AmXoe d A{YgyMZm

_hmamï´>mMo n{hbo _{hbm YmoaU 1994 gmbr Omhra Pmbo d Ë`m Xaå`mZ _{hbm§À`m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ AZoH$ emgZ {ZU©` KoÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`mVrb H$mhr AË`§V _hÎdmMo AmhoV.

emgH$s` O_rZ _§OwarMo AmXoe nVr Am{U nËZrÀ`m g§`wº$ ZmdmZo(n[anÌH$, _hgyb Am{U dZ {d^mJ, 10 Am°JñQ> 1994)

øm n[anÌH$mà_mUo emgZm_m\©$V XoÊ`mV oUmar O_rZ/Kao BË`mXr nVr Am{U nËZrÀ`m g§`wº$ ZmdmZo XoÊ`mV òVrb. EImXm nwéf O_rZ/Ka {_iVo doir A{ddm{hV Agob Va {ddmhmZ§Va Ë`mMr nËZr AmnmoAmn ghbm^YmaH$ ~Zob. {g{b§J H$m`Úm§VJ©V {dVarV hmoUmè`m O{_Zr, X{bV Am{XdmgtZm {dVaU H$aÊ`mV òUmè`m JmàmZ O{_Zr BË`mXr O{_ZtMm ømV g_mdoe hmoVmo. hm {ZU©` _hÎdmMm Amho d Ë`mMr mo½` àH$mao A§_b~OmdUr hmoÊ`mMr JaO Amho.

emgH$s` nS> Am{U JmàmZ O{_Zrdarb eoVrgmR>r Pmbobr A{VH«$_Uo {Z`_mZwHy${bV H$aUo (emgZ{ZU©`, _hgyb Am{U dZ {d^mJ, 27 {S>g|~a 1978, 28 Zmoìh|~a 1991)

øm g§X^m©Vrb n{hbm emgZ {ZU©` 1978 gmbr H$aÊ`mV Ambm. øm {Z`_mà_mUo X{bV, Am{Xdmgr ^y{_hrZ Hw$Qw>§~m§Zr eoVrgmR>r gaH$mar O{_Zrda Ho$bobr, {XZm§H$ 31 _mM© 1978 amoOr ApñVÎdmV AgUmar A{VH«$_Uo {Z`_mZwHy${bV H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`m§ZVa 1991 _Üò Zì`mZo Ho$boë`m {ZU©`mà_mUo 1 E{àb 1978 Vo 14 E{àb 1990 øm H$mimV Pmboë`m eoVrgmR>rÀ`m A{VH«$_Um§Zm XoIrb {Z`_mZwHy${bV H$aÊ`mV Ambo.

Ë`m§ZVa doimodoir ZdrZ emgZ {ZU©` H$mTy>Z `m {Z`_m§Mr A§_b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mg§~§Yr AmXoe H$mT>Ê`mV Ambo AmhoV.


Hw$im§Mm KaR>mUmÀ`m O{_Zrdarb h¸$

_~§w B© H$w id{hdmQ> d eVo O_rZ H$m`Xm (1948) bmJy Pmë`mZV§ a "H$gbo Ë`mMr O_rZ' øm VÎdmZo O_rZ H$gUmar H$w io Ë`m O{_ZrMr _mbH$ Pmbr. Ë`mdio r H$w imM§ m KaR>mUmÀ`m O{_Zrdahr AgmM h¸$ àñWm{nV H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo _mÌ H$¥ Vr Pmbr ZìhVr. Ë`mÑï>rZo n{hbm à`ËZ 2000 gmbÀ`m A{YgMy ZZo o H$aÊ`mV Ambm.

Hw$im§Mm KaR>mUmÀ`m O{_Zrdarb h¸$ - gZ 2000 Mr A{YgyMZm(A{YgyMZm, _hgyb Am{U dZ {d^mJ, 29 _o 2000)

øm A{YgyMZo_Üò Z_yX Ho$bo hmoVo H$s, _hmamï´> Hw$id{hdmQ> d eoVO_rZ A{Y{Z`_ (1948 Mm _hmamï´> A{Y{Z`_ H«$_m§H$ 67) `mÀ`m H$b_ 17-~ Mo nmoQ>H$b_ (2) AÝdò {_imboë`m eº$s¨Mm dmna H$ê$Z _hmamï´> emgZ mÛmao Cº$ H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$b_ 17-~ Mo nmoQ>H$b_ (2) À`m à`moOZmgmR>r 1 _o 2000 hr VmarI {Z{X©ï> H$aV Amho.

2000 À`m A{YgyMZo_Yrb EH$ _hËdmMr ÌwQ>r Aer hmoVr H$s H$b_ 17 ~ _Yrb nmoQ>H$b_ 1 Oo JmdmVrb {R>H$mUo d Ë`mdarb Kao m g§~Yr {d{hV arVrZo A{YH$ma V`ma H$aÊ`m{df`r {ZXo©e XoÊ`m~ÔbMo Amho, Vo Z H$aVm nmoQ>H$b_ 2 g§~§Yr A{YgyMZm H$mT>Ê`mV Ambr. Ë`m_wio nmoQ>H$b_ 17 ~ Mr mo½` àH$mao A§_b~OmdUr H$aUo eŠ` Pmbo Zmhr. hr dmQ> 2017 gmbÀ`m ZdrZ A{YgyMZo Ûmao _moH$ir Pmbr Amho.

4 OmZodmar 2017 Mr A{YgyMZm

øm ZdrZ A{YgyMZo_Üò Z_yX Ho$bo Amho H$s "_hmamï´> Hw$id{hdmQ> d eoVO_rZ A{Y{Z`_ (1948Mm _hmamï´> A{Y{Z`_ H«$_m§H$ 67) `mÀ`m H$b_ 18 À`m I§S> (A) gh H$b_ 17-~ À`m nmoQ>H$b_ (1) AÝdò àXmZ H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m A{YH$mam§Mm dmna H$ê$Z _hmamï´> emgZ `mÛmao Agm {ZXoe XoVo H$s, Cº$ A{Y{Z`_ bmJy Agboë`m JmdmVrb eoV_Oya d H$mamJram§À`m dñË`m§Mr {R>H$mUo d Kao Am{U KamImbrb O{_Zr mg§~§Yr A{YH$ma A{^boI gXa A{Y{Z`_mImbrb _w§~B© Hw$id{hdmQ> d eoVO_rZ {Z`_ 1956 À`m {Z`_ 11 AÝdò {d{hV arVrZo V`ma H$aÊ`mV mdoV.'

AmVm ømnwT>o àý Amho Vmo hm H$s KaR>mUmMr hr O_rZ nVr-nËZr øm§À`m g§`wº$ ZmdmZo {_iUma H$m? øm A{YgyMZo_Üò Ë`mg§~§YmV H$mhr mî` Ho$bobo Zmhr. 1994 À`m emgZ {ZU©`m_Üò Ho$di gaH$mar O{_Zr Am{U Kam§Mo {dVaU hmoVmZm Vo nVr-nËZrÀ`m g§`wº$ ZmdmZo hmoB©b Ago åh§Q>bo Amho. øm_Üò {g{b§J Imbr {dVaU Ho$bobr, JmdR>mU {dñVmamV {_imbobr, {H§$dm JmàmZ ao½`wbamB©O H$ê$Z {_imbobr øm O_rZrMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. Hw$im§Zm {_iUmè`m O{_ZtMm ømV C„oI Zmhr. Ë`m_wio Vgo H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`mbm AmJ«h Yamdm bmJob, d gaH$maH$So> Ver _mJUr H$amdr bmJob.

Aem _hÎdmÀ`m {ZU©`m§À`m OmoS>rZo H$mhr nm°ß`w{bñQ> {ZU©` XoIrb emgZmZo KoVbo d `m {ZU©`m§Mr A§_b~OmdUr H$aUo hm AZmdYmZmZo _hmamï´>mVrb AZoH$ g§ñWm g§KQ>Zm§Mm _moR>m H$m`©H«$_ hmoD$Z ~gbm. Aem àH$maMo XmoZ emgZ {ZU©` åhUOo "bú_r _wº$s' Am{U "Ka XmoKm§Mo'.

bú_r _wº$s - 7/12 À`m CVmè`mda nwéfm§À`m ~amo~arZo nËZrMo Zmd bmdUo(n[anÌH$, _hgyb Am{U dZ {d^mJ, 15 gßQ>|~a 1992 )

øm n[anÌH$m_Üò H$mhr gm_m{OH$ g§KQ>Zm§Zr gwM{dë`mà_mUo gd© g§~§{YVm§Zm AmXoe XoÊ`mV Ambm Amho H$s EImÚm ì`º$sZo Amnë`m ñdV…À`m O{_ZrV Amnë`m H$m`Xoera nËZrÀ`m ZmdmMm 7/12 À`m CVmè`mV ñdV…~amo~a gh{hñgoXma åhUyZ Zm|X ¿`mdr Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$ë`mg _hmamï´> _hgyb A{Y{Z`_ 1966 à_mUo \o$a\$ma Zm|Xr~m~VMr à{H«$`m nyU© H$ê$Z Zm|X KoÊ`mg haH$V Zmhr.

eaX OmoetÀ`m bú_r _wº$s Am§XmobZmMr Zm|X KoD$Z "bú_r _wº$s' m ZmdmZo n[anÌH$ H$mT>Ê`mV Ambo. ho n[anÌH$ g§nÎmr h¸$mÀ`m H$m`ÚmMm g§X^© XoV Zmhr Am{U åhUyZM Vo {H$Vr H$m`Xoera Amho `m~m~V àý {Z_m©U hmoVmV.

Ka XmoKm§Mo(n[anÌH$, J«m_{dH$mg Am{U Obg§YmaU {d^mJ, 20 Zmoìh|~a 2003)

Ka ho nVr-nËZr XmoKm§À`m ZmdmZo AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho Ago øm n[anÌH$mV Z_yX Ho$bo Amho. J«m_n§Mm`VtZm Aer gyMZm XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho H$s 2003 nmgyZ \$m°_© 8 _Üò KamMr Zm|X nVr-nËZr XmoKm§À`m Zmdmda H$amdr. Ë`mgmR>r gyMZm Am{U haH$Vr _mJdyZ, J«m_n§Mm`VrMm R>amd KoD$Z g§`wº$ ZmdmZo Zm|Xr H$aÊ`mMr H$m`©dmhr VËH$mi H$amdr. gXa H$m`©dmhr VËH$mi nyU© H$ê$Z Ë`m~m~VMr à_mUnÌo {S>g|~a 2003 AIoa n`©§V XoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$amdr.

bú_r _wº$s à_mUoM AgUmao ho Xþgao n[anÌH$ Amho. mV AZoH$ J¥{hVo {XgyZ oVmV na§Vw H$m`ÚmMm C„oI {XgV Zmhr Am{U åhUyZM Iè`m AWm©Zr g§nÎmr hr g§`wº$ ZmdmZo Pmbr H$m mMr ehm{Zem VoìhmM hmoB©b Ooìhm Ë`m OmJo~m~VMo H$mhr IaoXr-{dH«$sMo ì`dhma hmoVrb.

`mVrb H$m`Xoera {H$MH$Q> ~m~r nyU©V: _mhrV Zgë`m_wio AZoH$ g§ñWm/g§KQ>Zm§Zr `m gd© {ZU©`m§À`m A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r AWH$ à`ËZ Ho$bo AmhoV. Ë`mMm _{hbm§gmR>r gwajm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r \$m`Xm Pmë`mMohr `m g§ñWm/g§KQ>Zm Z_yX H$aVmV. na§Vw `mVyZ EH$ bjmV òVo H$s Ago gd© {ZU©` ho H$m`©H«$_ nmVirda ZoÊ`mnydr© Ë`mMr g§nyU© ehm{Zem H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho d emgZmer `m g§X^m©V g§dmX gmYUo JaOoMo Amho. `mnwT>o XoIrb _{hbm g§ñWm/g§KQ>Zm§Zr emgZmbm H$m`ÚmMm g§X^© Zgboë`m `m gd© {ZU©`m§À`m ~m~VrV hm àý {dMmabm nm{hOo d Ë`m{df`r ^y{_H$m KoÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>bo nm{hOo. A§_b~OmdUr Pmbobo gd© {ZU©` ho H$m`ÚmÀ`m Mm¡H$Q>rV H$go ~gdVm òVrb `mMr MMm© emgZm~amo~a H$aUo A{Zdm`© Amho. Ë`mAmYr _{hbm g§KQ>ZmV XoIrb m~m~V ñnï>Vm AgUo JaOoMo Amho.


eoVr-O_rZ {df`H$ _hmamï´>mVrb n[apñWVr / 21

gZ 2015 - 16 _Üò AmÈbEg bm° H$m°boO Mo ór Aä`mg H|$Ð Am{U gmonoH$m°_ øm§Zr _{hbm§À`m O{_Zrdarb h¸$mg§~§Yr AmO _hmamï´>mV H$m` n[apñWVr Amho ho OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r EH$ N>moQ>m Aä`mg Ho$bm. øm Aä`mgm§VJ©V _hmamï´>mÀ`m doJdoJù`m ^mJm§_Üò ~¡R>H$m KoD$Z Ë`m{R>H$mUr H$m_ H$aUmè`m g§ñWm/g§KQ>Zm§er g§dmX gmYÊ`mV Ambm. VgoM H$mhr g§ñWm/g§KQ>Zm§À`m brS>g© ~amo~a ñdV§ÌnUo MMm© H$aÊ`mV Ambr. øm MMm©§_YyZ Oo _wÔo g_moa Ambo, Ë`m~Ôb øm{R>H$mUr WmoS>Š`mV _m§S>Ur Ho$br Amho. H$mhr _wÔo ho gd© {R>H$mUÀ`m MMm©§_Üò g_mZ hmoVo, Va H$mhr àý ho Ë`m Ë`m {d^mJÀ`m n[apñWVrer g§~§{YV Ago hmoVo

_hmamï´>mÀ`m doJdoJù`m mJm§VyZ g_moa Ambobo àý

H$moH$UmV Pmboë`m MMm©§_Üò Am{Xdmgr g_wXm`m§Mo O_rZ Am{U O§Jbmdarb h¸$, KaR>mUmdarb h¸$, Hw$im§À`m O{_Zrdarb A{YH$mamMm àý, gaH$maH$Sy>Z doJdoJù`m àH$ënm§gmR>r KoVbr OmUmar O_rZ Am{U Ë`mMm CnOr{dHo$da hmoUmam n[aUm_ ho {df` g_moa Ambo. H$moH$Um_Üò H$m_m{Z{_Îm ñWbm§Va H$ê$Z OmUmè`m nwéfm§Mo à_mU _moR>o Amho, Am{U Aem Hw$Qw>§~m§_Üò eoVrMr O~m~Xmar _{hbm§da òVo. øm ^mJmV AWm©VM mVeoVr àm_w»`mZo Ho$br OmVo. eoVr_Yrb H$ï>mMr Am{U doiImD$ H$m_o, Ogo H$s noaUrÀ`m AmYr hmVmZo _mVr _moH$ir H$aUo, noaUr, mVmÀ`m amonm§Mr bmdUr B. _{hbm H$aVmV. øm mJm_Üò yg§nmXZmÀ`m {damoYmV AZoH$ bT>o Cô am{hbobo AmhoV. øm bT>çm§_Üò _{hbm§Mm nwT>mH$ma A{YH$ AgVmo. øm mJmVrb H$m`©H$Ë`m©§À`m åhUÊ`mZwgma øm_mJMo à_wI H$maU åhUOo AOyZ _{hbm§da ~mOmanoR>oMm n[aUm_ Pmbobm Zmhr. Ë`m Hw$Qw>§~mMr CnOr{dH$m Am{U AÞYmÝ` gwajm ømMm {dMma A{YH$ H$aVmV. øm mJmVrb AmUIr EH$ _hËdmMm bT>m åhUOo KaR>mUmÀ`m O{_ZtMm. Hw$im§Zm KaR>mUmÀ`m O{_Zrda h¸$ XoUmam H$m`Xm Pmbobm Agbm Var Ë`mMr A§_b~OmdUr Oer ìhm`bm hdr Ver hmoV Zmhr. Hw$im§À`m ZmdmZo Ë`m O{_Zr H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV O{_ZrMo _mbH$ VgoM gaH$mar A{YH$mar øm§Mm {damoY hmoV Agë`mZo Vr à{H«$`m gwairV hmoD$

^mJ 3 / eoVr-O_rZ {df`H _hmamï´>mVrb n[apñWVr


eH$V Zmhr. Hw$im§Mm h¸$ Agboë`m eoVO{_ZrÀ`m ~m~VrVhr {VM n[apñWVr Amho. H$m`Xm AgyZ XoIrb AZoH$ Hw$im§Mo O{_ZrgmR>r Ho$bobo Xmdo AOyZ VgoM {e„H$ AmhoV. m O{_Zr g§`wº$ ZmdmZo Ho$ë`m nm{hOoV Aer _mJUr XoIrb nwT>o oÊ`mMr JaO Amho.

Z§Xþa~ma òWo Pmboë`m ~¡R>H$sV gh^mJr g§ñWm àm_w»`mZo Ë`m ^mJmVrb Am{Xdmgr g_wXm`m§~amo~a H$m_ H$aUmè`m hmoË`m. øm ^mJmVrb Am{Xdmgr bmoH$ ^y{_hrZ {H§$dm N>moQ>o ^yYmaH$ AmhoV. eoVr àm_w»`mZo {Oam`Vr Amho, Am{U Iarn h§Jm_mZ§Va bmoH$ H$m_mÀ`m emoYmW© BVaÌ OmVmV. BWo H$mhr {R>H$mUr bmoH$m§Zr Amnë`m JmdmVbo O§Jb amIbo Amho, Am{U øm à`ËZmVhr JmdmVrb _{hbm§Mm nwT>mH$ma A{YH$ Amho. øm àH$maÀ`m à`ËZm§Zm PmS>m§Mr bmJdS> H$aUo, O§JbmV CJdUmè`m ^mÁ`m§Mr bmJdS> H$aUo, Ë`mÀ`m {dH«$sgmR>r _{hbm§Zm ~mOmanoR> CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo Aem àH$maMo ghH$m`© {_iÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. ømn¡H$s H$mhr Jmoï>r ZaoJmÀ`m H$m_m§_YyZ Mm§Jë`m àH$mao hmoD$ eH$VmV, na§Vw ZaoJmÀ`m A§_b~OmdUr_Üò AZoH$ AS>MUr AmhoV. 2005 À`m dZh¸$ H$m`ÚmImbr Ho$bobo AZoH$ Xmdo AOyZ VgoM nSy>Z AmhoV. H$m`Úm_Üò ñnï> Ho$bo Amho, H$s Á`mdoir d¡`{º$H$ h¸$ {Xbo OmVrb Ë`mdoir Vo nVr-nËZr XmoKm§À`m ZmdmZo {Xbo OmVrb. na§Vw àË`jmV _mÌ Vgo hmoVmZm {XgV Zmhr.

_amR>dmS>çmÀ`m MMm©§_Üò XþîH$mi hm gdm©V _hËdmMm g§X^© hmoVm. XþîH$mim_wio J«m_rU ^mJmVrb nwéf ehar mJm§_Üò H$m_mgmR>r OmV AmhoV Am{U eoVrMr O~m~Xmar _{hbm§da oD$Z nS>Vo Amho Ago {XgyZ oVo. _amR>dmS>çmÀ`m ^mJmVrb CgVmoS>Ur H$m_Jmam§Mm àýhr _moR>m Amho. Cg VmoS>UrgmR>rMo H§$ÌmQ> Zdam-~m`H$moÀ`m OmoS>rbm {Xbo OmVo. Ë`m_wio _wbm§Mr b¾o bdH$a bmdyZ XoÊ`mH$So> H$b AgVmo. Cg VmoS>UrMo H$m_ H$aUmè`m _Oya _{hbm§Zm AZoH$Xm {h§gmMmamMm gm_Zm H$amdm bmJVmo. XþîH$mim_wio eoVr Am{U BVa CnOr{dHo$da _moR>m n[aUm_ Pmbm Agë`mMo øm MMm©§_YyZ g_moa Ambo. `m ^mJmV _m`H«$mo \$m`ZmÝg H§$nÝ`m§Zr (MFI) Mm§JbmM O_ ~gdbobm Amho. gmVË`mZo nS>Umè`m XþîH$mim_wio AÞ nmUr {dH$V KoÊ`mgmR>r åhUOoM OJÊ`mgmR>r H$O© ¿`m`bm bmJUo Aer {d{MÌ n[apñWVr {Z_m©U Pmbr Amho. MFI Mo ~hþVoH$ gd© JQ> ho ^y{_hrZ, X{bV, Am{Xdmgr d ^Q>Š`m g_mOmÀ`m _{hbm§Mo AmhoV. `m H$Om©À`m AmoÂ`m_wio _{hbm AmË_hË`m H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm hmoV AmhoV. Aem gmYZhrZ _{hbm§gmR>r H$moUË`m _mJÊ`m Agmì`mV mMm {dMma H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.

_amR>dmS>çm_Üò AZoH$ dfm©§nmgyZ X{bVm§Mm JmàmZ O{_Zrdarb h¸$mgmR>rMm bT>m Mmby Amho. dfm©Zwdfo© H$gV Agboë`m O{_Ztda Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobo Xmdo AOyZ nSy>Z AmhoV. Ago Xmdo H$aUmè`m AZoH$ X{bVm§Zm {h§gmMmamMm gm_Zm H$amdm bmJVmo. _amR>dmS>çmVrb AZoH$ JQ> Jar~, y{_hrZ, Q>Š`m g_mOm§~amo~a H$m_ H$aVmV, Am{U Ë`m_wio Aem JQ>m§À`m h¸$m§À`m àýmda VnerbmV MMm© Pmbr. O{_Zrdarb h¸$m§Mm {dMma H$aV AgVmZm Aem g§gmYZhrZ g_yhm§Mm Am{U {deof H$ê$Z Ë`m_Yrb _{hbm§Mm g_mdoe Ë`mV H$gm hmoB©b øm~ÔbMm {dMma H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.

{dX^© ^mJm_Üò eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË_hË`m hm AWm©VM MMo©_Yrb gdm©V _hËdmMm _wÔm hmoVm. AmË_hË`mJ«ñV eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb VéU {dYdm _{hbm§Zm Zdè`mÀ`m nümV eoVrMr O~m~Xmar CMbmdr bmJVo. AZoH$Xm Zdè`mÀ`m ZmdmZo Agbobr O_rZ {H$Vr, Ë`mÀ`mda H$O© {H$Vr hmoVo Aem Jmoï>tMr _m{hVr Ë`m§Zm ZgVo. Ka d O{_Zrdarb h¸$ Ë`m§Zm {_iobM ømMr ImÌr ZgVo. eoVH$è`m§Zm gaH$maH$Sy>Z {_iUmar _XV AZoH$Xm Ë`m§À`mn`©§V nmohmoMV Zmhr. Aem n[apñWVr_Üò eoVr gm§^miUo

eoVr-O_rZ {df`H$ _hmamï´>mVrb n[apñWVr / 23

Ë`m§À`mgmR>r Iyn AdKS> OmVo. øm MMo©_Üò eoVr_Yrb dmT>V Mmbbobo `m§ÌrH$sH$aU Am{U Ë`mMm _{hbm§À`m amoOJmamda hmoUmam n[aUm_ hm _wÔmg_moa Ambm. eoVrMr A{Z{üVVm Am{U H$m_mMo AmoPo øm_wio _{hbm§Zm emar[aH$ Am{U _mZ{gH$ VUmd OmUdVmo. øm VUmdm_wio AmoT>dUmao AmOma hm _{hbm§gmR>r J§^ra àý Amho.

_{hbm§Mm O_rZ Am{U g§gmYZm§darb A{YH$ma

H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ _mb_Îmo_Yrb A{YH$ma

AmYr ~{KVë`m à_mUo _{hbm§Mm dmagm h¸$mZo {_iUmam Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m O{_Zrdarb A{YH$ma hm ì`{º$JV H$m`Úm§Zwgma R>aV AgVmo. Amnë`mH$So> àËòH$ Y_m©Mo doJio ì`{º$JV H$m`Xo AmhoV. _{hbm§À`m h¸$m§gmR>r H$m_ H$aUmè`m H$m`©H$Ë`m©§Mm AZw^d Agm Amho H$s Á`mdoir H$m`Xo _{hbm§À`m ~mOyZo AgVmV Voìhmhr Ë`mMr A§_b~OmdUr `mo½` nÕVrZo Z Pmë`mZo _{hbm§Zm Ë`m§Mm h¸$ {_iy eH$V Zmhr. {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`ÚmZo _wbtZm d{S>bmonm{O©V _mb_Îmo_Üò _wbm§À`m ~amo~arZo h¸$ {Xbm Amho. na§Vw àË`jmV _mÌ AZoH$ _{hbm Amnë`m mdm§gmR>r Amnbm h¸$ gmoSy>Z XoVmV Ago {XgVo.

nwéfgÎmmH$ ì`dñWo_Üò _{hbm§À`m g§nÎmrdarb A{YH$mamda ~§YZo oVmV. b¾mZ§Va hmoUmè`m {dñWmnZm_wio Ë`m§Zm mdm§À`m ~amo~arMo dmag g_Obo OmV Zmhr. H$m`Xoera VaVyX AgyZhr gm_m{OH$ àWm daMT> R>aVmV. Ë`m_wio EH$ Va _mhoaÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mer Mm§Jbo g§~§Y R>odÊ`mgmR>r _{hbm ñdV… Amnbm h¸$ gmoSy>Z XoVmV, {H§$dm Vgo H$aÊ`mgmR>r _mhoaÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mH$Sy>Z Ë`m§À`mda X~md AmUbm OmVmo. Ë`m§À`m b¾mV Ho$bobm IM© Am{U {Xbobm hþ§S>m ømÀ`m ~Xë`mV Ë`m§Zr nwT>o O{_Zrdarb h¸$ gmoS>mdm Aer Anojm Ho$br OmVo.

_{hbm§Mm Zdè`mÀ`m {H§$dm gmgaÀ`m O{_ZrVrb {hñgm hm AmUIr doJim _wÔm Amho. AmO _hmamï´>mV AZoH$ g§ñWm- g§KQ>Zm doJodJù`m emgZ{ZU©`m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z nVrÀ`m O{_Zr_Yrb EH$ {hñgm nËZrÀ`m ZmdmZo H$aUo, amhË`m Kamda XmoKm§Mo Zmd bmdUo Aem àH$maMo H$m_ H$aV AmhoV. na§Vw Ago H$aV AgVmZm Ë`m emgZ {ZU©`m_Üò IamoIa {H$Vr VÏ` Amho, Am{U Ë`m_wio IamoIa _{hbm§Zm O{_Zrda h¸$ {_iVmo Amho H$m ho VnmgyZ nmhUo JaOoMo Amho. Ë`mMr g{dñVa MMm© AmYrÀ`m mJm_Üò Ho$brM Amho.

_hmamï´>mÀ`m gd© ^mJm§_YyZ {dYdm Am{U n[aË`º$m {ó`m§À`m O{_Zrdarb h¸$mMm àý g_moa Ambm. øm _{hbm§Zm Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m g§nÎmr_Üò h¸$ {_idm`Mm Va _moR>m g§Kf© H$amdm bmJVmo. {dYdm {ó`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m Zdè`mÀ`m O{_Zrda h¸$ {_iob H$m Zmhr ho ~è`mMXm Ë`m§Zm _wbJm Amho H$m Zmhr ømda R>aVo. {dX^m©_Üò AmË_hË`m Ho$boë`m eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb {dYdm§Zm AZoH$Xm O{_Zrda h¸$ àñWm{nV H$aUo AdKS> OmVo Ago {XgyZ Ambo. n[aË`º$m {ó`m§Mr n[apñWVr Ë`m§À`m A{Z{üV d¡dm{hH$ pñWVr_wio A{YH$M H$R>rU hmoVo. gmgaÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mV Aem àH$mao h¸$ _mJy nmhUmè`m EH$Q>çm {ó`m§Zm AZoH$Xm {h§gmMmamMm gm_Zm H$amdm bmJVmo. CXmhaUmW© H$moH$UmVrb Am{Xdmgr mJm§_Üò Aem _{hbm§Zm S>mH$sU R>adbo OmVo {H§$dm Xþgao b¾ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§À`mda X~md AmUbm OmVmo.


gmd©O{ZH$ g§gmYZm§darb A{YH$ma

_{hbm§À`m O_rZ Am{U BVa g§gmYZm§darb h¸$m§Mm {dMma H$aV AgVmZm Ho$di Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m g§nÎmrMm {dMma H$ê$Z nwaogo Zmhr Va O§Jb, JmàmZ, nmÊ`mMo ómoV, BË`mXr gmd©O{ZH$ g§gmYZm§Mm nU {dMma Ho$bm Jobm nm{hOo. y{_hrZ g_wXm`m§À`m g§X^m©V ho {deofH$ê$Z _hËdmMo Amho.

AZoH$ g§ñWm/g§KQ>Zm dZA{YH$ma H$m`ÚmImbr Am{Xdmgr g_wXm`m§_Yrb d¡`{º$H$ VgoM gm_wXm{`H$ h¸$ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZerb AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm bm§~bMH$ à{H«$`m§nmgyZ Vo ImOJr joÌmÀ`m dmT>Ë`m A{VH«$_Um n`©§V AZoH$ AS>Wio AmhoV. dZh¸$ H$m`Úm_Üò Z_yX Ho$bo Amho H$s d¡`{º$H$ nmVirda {Xbo OmUmao h¸$ ho nVr-nËZr XmoKm§À`m g§`wº$ ZmdmZo {Xbo OmVrb. na§Vw àË`jmV AZoH$Xm Vgo hmoV Zmhr Ago {XgVo.

JmàmZ O_rZ ao½`wbamB©O H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrVhr hrM n[apñWVr {XgyZ oVo. AmYr 1978 _Üò Am{U Z§Va 1991 _Üò JmàmZ O_rZ {Z`_mZwHw${bV H$aÊ`mg§~§YrMo emgZ {ZU©` _hmamï´> gaH$maZo H$mT>bo. na§Vw àË`jmV øm {Z`_m§Mr A§_b~OmdUr _mÌ Pmbr Zmhr. AZoH$ dfm©§nmgyZ Vr O_rZ H$gV AgyZhr AOyZhr AZoH$ X{bVm§Mo O_rZ Ë`m§À`m Zmdmda hmoÊ`mgmR>r Ho$bobo Xmdo VgoM nSy>Z AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm oUmè`m AS>MUr øm àemgH$s` Am{U gm_m{OH$ Aem XmoÝhr àH$maÀ`m AmhoV. Á`m§Mr O_rZ AOyZ Ë`m§À`m Zmdmda Pmbobr Zmhr Ago JmàmZYmaH$ ho O{_ZrMo _mbH$ Zgë`mZo eoVH$è`m§gmR>r AgUmè`m `moOZm {H§$dm XþîH$mimgma»`m g§H$Q>m§_Üò gaH$maH$Sy>Z {_iUmar _XV Ë`m§Zm {_iy eH$V Zmhr. gÜ`m JmàmZ O_rZ ao½`wbamB©O H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ho$di EH$ emgZ {ZU©` Amho. Ë`mMo H$m`Úm_Üò énm§Va ìhmdo Aer g§KQ>Zm§Mr _mJUr Amho.

gÜ`m CnbãY AgUmè`m gd© gmd©O{ZH$ O{_ZtMr - JmdVrb gm_m{`H$ O_rZ, JmàmZ, _§{Xam§À`m Q´>ñQ>H$So> AgUmè`m O{_Zr, dŠ\$ ~moS>m©H$So> Agboë`m O{_Zr, {g{b§JÀ`m H$m`ÚmImbr gaH$maH$So> Agboë`m O{_Zr - _m{hVr Jmoim H$ê$Z hr O_rZ JQ>mZo eoVr H$aUmè`m _{hbm§À`m JQ>m§Zm dmnaÊ`mgmR>r H$er XoVm oB©b ømMm {dMma H$amdm bmJob.

_{hbm eoVH$è`m§Mo doJio à`moJ / 25

H$moï>H$ 9 -_hmamï´>mVrb O_rZ YmaUoMo àH$ma

ómoV - H¥$fr JUZm, 2010-11

H¥$fr JUZo_Yrb m AmH$So>dmardê$Z {XgyZ oVo H$s _hmamï´>mV Ho$di 38 yYmaH$m§Zr O_rZ I§S>mZo KoVbr AgyZ, øm O{_ZrMo EHy$U joÌ 299 hoŠQ>a Amho. àË`jmV _mÌ Ago {ZarjUmV Ambobo Amho H$s, _hmamï´>mÀ`m doJdoJù`m ^mJmV _{hbm AWdm BVa eoVH$ar ñdV§ÌnUo {H§$dm JQ>mZo O_rZ I§S>mZo KoD$Z Ë`mda eoVr H$aVmV. Aer CXmhaUo AZoH$ AmhoV. na§Vw ~hþVoH$ doim øm àH$mao I§S>mZo O_rZ KoÊ`mMo H$moUVohr H$m`Xoera ì`dhma Ho$bo OmV ZmhrV, Am{U Ë`m_wio Ë`mMr Zm|X hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr.

AmYrÀ`m ^mJmV C„oIboë`m Aä`mgmV Ho$boë`m gd© {d^mJm§Vrb MMm©§_YyZ Aer AZoH$ CXmhaUo g_moa Ambr Á`m_Ü o _{hbm eoVH$ar EH$Ì oD$Z, I§S>mZo O_rZ KoD$Z, eoVr H$ê$Z Amnë`m CnOr{dHo$bm hmV^ma bmdV hmoË`m. Am§~oOmoJmB© VmbwŠ`mVrb H$mhr _{hbm§Zr A§Hw$a g§ñWoÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo g|{Ð` eoVrMo CËnmXZ gwê$ Ho$bo Amho. øm _{hbm Amnë`m Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m O{_Zrda ñdV§ÌnUo ^mOrnmë`mMr eoVr H$aVmV. Ë`m§Zr Amnë`mgmR>r VodT>m EH$ O{_ZrMm VwH$S>m R>odÊ`mgmR>r Zdè`mbm/Hw$Qw>§~mVrb BVam§Zm V`ma Ho$bo Amho. H$mhr

13698965

13694086

0

38

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19767061

19758732

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^mJ 4 / _{hbm eoVH$è`m§Mo doJio à`moJ


5. http://www.kudumbashree.org/

_{hbm§Zr WmoS>r O_rZ ñdV…À`m Zmdmdahr H$ê$Z KoVbr Amho. Xa AmR>dS>çmbm Amnbr ^mOr Ë`m VmbwŠ`mÀ`m ~mOmamV AmUyZ {dH$VmV. _mJrb H$mhr dfm©§nmgyZ ~mOmamV R>am{dH$ {R>H$mUr øm _{hbm Amnbm mOrnmbm {dH$m`bm ~gVmV, Am{U AmVm Ë`m§Mo R>am{dH$ J«mhH$ hr AmhoV. øm CnH«$_mVyZ Ë`m§Zm Mm§Jbm \$m`Xm hmoVmo Amho. _amR>dmS>çmVrb _{hbm§À`m EH$m ~MVJQ>mZo EH${ÌV |S>rMo CËnmXZ H$aÊ`mMm à`moJ Ho$bm Amho. hr ^|S>r {Z`m©V H$aÊ`mMo gd© H$m_ øm JQ>mÀ`m _{hbm H$aVmV. H$moH$Um_Üò _w§~B©bm ñWbm§Va H$ê$Z Joboë`m eoVH$è`m§Mr nS>rH$ am{hbobr O_rZ _{hbm JQ>mZo I§S>mZo KoVmV Am{U {VWo ^mV Am{U BVa YmÝ`mMr eoVr H$aVmV. _amR>dmS>çmV _{hbm JQ>mZo _OwarMo H§$ÌmQ> KoVmV. AemàH$mao JQ>mZo H$m_ KoVë`mZo Ë`m§Zm A{YH$ \$m`Xm {_iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm {Z_m©U hmoVo. amÁ`mV Aem àmH$maMr AZoH$ CXmhaUo AmhoV.

Aem àH$mao eoVr H$aV AgVmZm AWm©VM _{hbm§Zm H$mhr AS>MUr OmUdVmV. I§S>mZo O_rZ XoÊ`mgmR>r Ho$bo OmUmao ~hþVoH$ ì`dhma ho Vm|S>r Ho$bobo AZm¡nMm[aH$ àH$maMo AgVmV. A{YH$ H$mimgmR>r O_rZ mS>çmZo {Xbr Va Vr Amnë`m hmVmVyZ OmB©b Aem rVrZo O_rZ _mbH$ Vgo H$ama H$aÊ`mg V`ma hmoV ZmhrV. H$ama AZm¡nMm[aH$ Agë`mZo Am{U øm _{hbm§Mm O{_Zrda H$mhr h¸$ Zgë`mZo emgZmH$Sy>Z {_iUmè`m `moOZm§Mm Ë`m§Zm bm^ KoVm oV Zmhr. VgoM XþîH$mi BË`mXrÀ`m H$mimV {_iUmè`m \$m`Úm§Mm bm^ {_iV Zmhr. Ë`m_wio Aem àH$mao eoVr H$ê$ nmhUmè`m _{hbm§Zm gwa{jVVm {_iÊ`mgmR>r Aem H$amam§Zm H$m`ÚmMr EH$ Mm¡H$Q> {_iUo Amdí`H$ Amho. VgoM øm _{hbm§Zm à{ejU, H«o$S>rQ>, ~mOmanoR>oMr CnbãYVm BË`mXr gmhmæ` {_im`bm hdo. Ë`m Ñï>rZo Ho$ai _Yrb Hw$Qw>§~lrÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ am~{dÊ`mV Ambobm gm_w{hH$ eoVrMm à`moJ ho EH$ _hËdmMo CXmhaU Amho.

5Hw$Qw>§~lrMm gm_w{hH$ eoVrMm à`moJ

J[a~r {ZdmaU Am{U _{hbm§Mo g~brH$aU øm XmoZ CÔoem§gh gZ 1998 _Üò Hw$Qw>§~lr CnH«$_mMr gwédmV Pmbr. AmO Hw$Qw>§~lr ho XoemVrb _{hbm g~brH$aUmMo EH$ à_wI _m°So>b åhUyZ AmoiIbo OmVo. Hw$Qw>§~lr ho ~MVJQ>m§À`m BVa _m°So>ëgnojm doJio R>abo Vo XmoZ Jmoï>t_wio. n{hbr åhUOo Ë`mMm AmdmH$m. gwédmVrnmgyZM A{YH$m{YH$ _{hbm§n`©§V nmohMUo hm øm CnH«$_mMm CÔoe hmoVm, Am{U AmO Hw$Qw>§~lrMo ApñVËd àËòH$ n§Mm`Vr_Üò Amho, Am{U Ë`m§Mr gXñ` g§»`m 39.97 bmI EdT>r Amho. Hw$Qw>§~lrMr aMZm VrZ nmVù`m§da Ho$bobr Amho - Zo~ahÿS> J«wßg (10 Vo 20 _{hbm§Mm JQ>), E[aAm So>ìhbn_|Q> gmogm`Q>r (dm°S©> nmVirdarb Zo~ahÿS> J«wßgMo g§KQ>Z), Am{U H$å`w{ZQ>r So>ìhbn_|Q> gmogm`Q>r (n§Mm`V/ å`w{Z{gnb nmVirdarb E[aAm So>ìhbn_|Q> gmogm`Q>rMo g§KQ>Z). Xþgao _hËdmMo d¡{eï²>` åhUOo Ë`m§Mm ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ` g§ñWm§er AgUmam g_Ýd`. n§Mm`VrV\}$ am~{dë`m OmUmè`m {dH$mgmÀ`m gd© `moOZm am~{dÊ`m_Üò Hw$Qw>§~lrMm gh^mJ AgVmo. Ë`m_wio ~MVJQ> AmYm[aV Am{W©H$ gwa{jVVoÀ`m nbrH$So> OmD$Z ñWm{ZH$ Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmÀ`m {XeoZo øm CnH«$_mMm à`ËZ am{hbm Amho.

Hw$Qw>§~lrMm EH$ _hËdmMm CnH«$_ åhUOo gm_w{hH$ eoVr H$aUmè`m _{hbm§Mo JQ>. 2010 À`m XeH$mÀ`m


CÎmamYm©V Ho$ai gaH$maZo mVeoVrbm nwZé‚mrdZ XoÊ`mgmR>r doJdoJio à`ËZ gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo. gm_w{hH$ eoVr hm Ë`mn¡H$sM EH$ hmoVm. na§Vw Ë`mbm åhUmdo Vgo è {_iV ZìhVo. 2010 _Üò Hw$Qw>§~lr `m CnH«$_mV gh^mJr Pmbo Am{U _{hbm§À`m JQ>m§Zm gm_w{hH$ eoVr H$aÊ`mg Ë`m§Zr àmoËgmhZ XoÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br. Ë`mZ§Va øm CnH«$_mZo Iam Omoa Yabm. AmO Hw$Qw>§~lrÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _{hbm§Mo AZoH$ JQ> gm_w{hH$ eoVr_Üò gH«$s` AmhoV. OmZodmar 2016 Mr AmH$So>dmar nm{hbr Va gm_w{hH$ eoVr H$aUmè`m JQ>m§Mr g§»`m 59,478 AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s 27381 JQ> ~±Ho$er OmoS>bobo AmhoV. øm JQ>m§Zr Ho$boë`m eoVrImbMo EHy$U joÌ 43375 hoŠQ>a EdT>o Amho. Ë`mn¡H$s gw_mao 12537 hoŠQ>a da Vm§Xÿi, 9070 hoŠQ>ada mOrnmbm, 9719 hoŠQ>ada H§$X_wio, Am{U 11768 hoŠQ>ada Ho$ir Ago CËnmXZ KoVbo OmVo.

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gm_w{hH$ eoVrÀ`m øm à`moJmV Or nÕV dmnabr OmVo Vr gmYmaUnUo Aer Amho. Zo~ahÿS> J«wßg n§Mm`VrÀ`m _XVrZo JmdmVrb nS>rH$ Agbobr O_rZ emoYyZ H$mT>VmV. øm_Üò JmdmVrb gmd©O{ZH$ O_rZ VgoM ImOJr O_rZ Aem XmoÝhtMm g_mdoe AgVmo. Aem JmdmV {H$Vr O{_Zr AmhoV Ë`mMr mXr ~Zdbr OmVo. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m O{_ZtÀ`m _mbH$m§er O_rZ {_i{dÊ`m~Ôb MMm© Ho$br OmVo. hr MMm© n§Mm`V à_wIm§À`m CnpñWVrV hmoVo, Am{U Ë`m§À`m g_moaM H$amamda gøm Ho$ë`m OmVmV. ho H$ama gmÜ`m H$mJXmda Ho$bo OmVmV. EH$Xm O_rZ _mbH$mZo O_rZ XoÊ`mg nadmZJr {Xbr H$s OoEbOrMr ñWmnZm Ho$br OmVo, Am{U Ë`m _{hbm EH$ÌnUo Ë`m O{_Zrda eoVr H$aÊ`mg gwédmV H$aVmV.

eoVr H$aUmè`m JQ>m§À`m ~amo~arZo Ë`m§Zm nyaH$ R>aVrb Ago BVa CÚmoJ, Ogo H$s eoVr _mbmMr {dH«$s H$aUmar XþH$mZo Am{U H°$\o$O, àmoS>çwga H§$nZr BË`mXr _{hbm§À`m JQ>m§Zr gwê$ Ho$bo AmhoV.

hm à`moJ èñdr hmoÊ`mMo EH$ _hËdmMo H$maU åhUOo gaH$maÀ`m {d{dY {d^mJm§_Üò AgUmam g_Ýd`. Hw$Qw>§~lr J«m_{dH$mg Am{U H¥$fr {d^mJm~amo~a g_Ýd` gmYyZ `moOZm am~{dÊ`mV _XV H$aVo. ZaoJm V\}$ bmJdS> H$aÊ`mgmR>r O_rZ V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m_mgmR>r gmhmæ` {_iVo, Va _{hbm {H$gmZ geº$sH$aU nar`moOZo _YyZ _{hbm§Zm Amdí`H$ AgUmè`m H$m¡eë`m§Mo à{ejU {Xbo OmVo. øm{R>H$mUr J«rZ Am_r© Am{U \y$S> goŠ`w[aQ>r Am_r© Mo H$m_ _hËdmMo R>aVo. Zm~mS©> Am{U NRLM `m§À`m g_Ýd`m_wio _{hbm§Zm AË`§V H$_r ì`mOXamZo H$O© {_iy eH$Vo, Am{U øm CnH«$_mVyZ Ë`m§Zm H$mhr \$m`Xm {_iy eH$Vmo. H¥$fr ImË`mH$Sy>Z _{hbm§Zm {~`mUo Am{U BVa gm_J«r VgoM Vm§{ÌH$ gmhmæ` {_iVo. Aem àH$mao øm gd© g§ñWm§À`m EH$Ì òÊ`m_wio hm CnH«$_ eñdr hmoUo eŠ` Pmbo Amho.

AmO _hmamï´>mV Mmby AgUmè`m doJdoJù`m CnH«$_m§À`m g_Ýd`mVyZ Aem àH$maMm à`moJ am~{dUo eŠ` Amho. Ë`mÑï>rZo gÜ`m _hmamï´>mV Mmby AgUmè`m H$mhr CnH«$_m§Mr _m{hVr m{R>H$mUr {Xbr Amho.


6. http://www.umed.in/English/DefaultEnglish.aspx

_hmamï´>mV Mmby AgUmao CnH«$_

6_hmamï´> ñQ>oQ> éab bm`ìhbrhÿS> {_eZ (MSRLM)

{d{dY JQ>m§H$Sy>Z Amboë`m gyMZm bjmV KoD$Z H|$Ð gaH$maZo 2010 _Üò Vmon`©§V Mmby Agboë`m ñdU©O`§Vr J«m_ ñdamoOJma moOZo Mo énm§Va National Rural Livelihoods Mission _Üò Ho$bo. hm CnH«$_ XoemVrb 12 amÁ`m§_Üò Mmby Amho. J[a~r {ZdmaUmÀ`m `m CnH«$_mbm H|$Ð gaH$ma~amo~a OmJ{VH$ ~±Ho$H$Sy>Z {ZYr {_iV Amho.

hm CnH«$_ _hmamï´>mV _hmamï´> ñQ>oQ> éab bm`ìhbrhÿS> {_eZ (MSRLM) _m\©$V am~{dbm OmVmo. _hmamï´>mVrb `m CnH«$_mbm C_oX Ago Zmd XoÊ`mV Ambo Amho. C_oX Mr gwédmV Owb¡ 2011 _Üò Pmbr. _hmamï´> ñQ>oQ> {_eZ ho J«m_{dH$mg {d^mJmer OmoS>bobo Amho. øm CnH«$_mA§VJ©V BÝQ>opÝgìh Am{U Zm°Z-BÝQ>opÝgìh Aem XmoZ nmVù`m§da H$m_ MmbVo. BÝQ>opÝgìh nmVirda 13 {Oëøm§_Yrb 50 VmbwŠ`m§_Üò H$m_ Mmby Amho, Va Caboë`m 301 VmbwŠ`m§_Üò Zm°Z-BÝQ>opÝgìh àH$maMo H$m_ Mmby Amho. `m 13 {Oëøm§_Üò JS>{Mamobr, `dV_mi, Z§Xþa~ma, OmbZm, Jm|{X`m, dYm©, gmobmnya, Cñ_mZm~mX, R>mUo, aËZm{Jar, ~rS>, M§Ðnya Am{U {g§YwXþJ© m {Oëøm§Mm g_mdoe Amho.

`m CnH«$_mA§VJ©V _{hbm§Mo ~MVJQ>m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ g§KQ>Z Ho$bo OmVo. m ~MVJQ>m§Mo nwT>o Jmd, ŠbñQ>a, VmbwH$m Am{U {Oëhm nmVirda \o$S>aoeZ Ho$bo OmVo. doJdoJù`m g§ñWm§~amo~a (CXmhaUmW© _m{d_) nmQ>©Za{en H$ê$Z {_eZ V\}$ J«m_rU CnOr{dHo$er g§~§{YV doJdoJio à`moJ Ho$bo OmVmV. ~MVJQ>m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ gm_m{OH$ _mo~rbm`PoeZ, H$Om©§Mr CnbãYVm, amoOJma{Z{_©Vr Ago CnH«$_ am~{dbo OmVmV. Ë`mM~amo~a øm CnH«$_m§_Üò gh^mJr AgUmè`m ì`º$s Am{U g§ñWm§À`m j_Vm {dH$mgmgmR>r à{ejUo KoUo hm Ë`m§À`m H$m_mMm EH$ _moR>m mJ Amho.


7. http://www.mavimindia.org/

Ë`m§À`m 2013-14 À`m dm{f©H$ AhdmbmVrb AmH$So>dmar n{hbr Va Ë`m§Mo H$m` H$m_ Mmby Amho `mMm A§XmO oD$ eHo$b.

H$moï>H$ 10 - _hmamï´> ñQ>oQ> éab bm`ìhbrhÿS> {_eZMr ì`már

ómoV - C_oX, dm{f©H$ Ahdmb 2013-14

7_hmamï´> Am{W©H$ {dH$mg _hm_§S>i (_m{d_)

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Aem àH$maÀ`m doJdoJù`m gaH$mar CnH«$_ Am{U moOZm§_Üò _moR>çm à_mUmV {ZYr CnbãY Amho. VgoM MSRLM Am{U _m{d_À`m _mÜ`_m§VyZ amÁ`m_Üò _{hbm§À`m ~MVJQ>m§Mo _moR>o Omio V`ma Pmbo Amho. m ~MVJQ>m§Mo g§KQ>Z hmoD$Z Jmd Am{U VmbwH$m nmVirdaÀ`m g§ñWmhr V`ma Pmboë`m AmhoV. `m gd© KQ>H$m§_Üò g_Ýd` gmYyZ Ë`m§À`mH$S>rb g§gmYZm§Mm EH${ÌV Cn`moJ Ho$ë`mg J«m_rU _{hbm§À`m CnOr{dHo$gmR>r H$mhr doJio à`moJ gwê$ H$aVm oVrb.

øm nydr© Ho$boë`m gd© MMo©À`m AmYmao _{hbm§Mm O§Jb, O_rZ, nmUrAm{U BVa g§gmYZm§darb h¸$ dmT>{dÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo H$m` H$am`bm hdo m~Ôb H$mhr gyMZm§Mr _m§S>Ur m {R>H$mUr Ho$bobr Amho.

1. {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Xm

{h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`Úm_Yrb gwYmaUoà_mUo (2005) _wbtZm d{S>bmonm{O©V g§nÎmr_Üò g_mZ h¸$ {_im`bm hdm. na§Vw doJdoJù`m H$maUm§_wio àË`jmV Ë`mMr A§_b~OmdUr hmoV Zmhr Ago {XgVo. AZoH$ _{hbm ñdIwerZo {H§$dm X~mdmImbr Amnë`m {hí`mMr g§nÎmr ^mdm§À`m ZmdmZo H$ê$Z XoVmV. hr àWm Wm§~{dÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo nwT>rb Jmoï>r H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho Ago dmQ>Vo -

�àË`jmV Ago hmoVo ho _mhrV Agbo Var Ë`m~ÔbMr nÕVera _m{hVr Jmoim H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. Aem àH$mao {H$Vr _{hbm g§nÎmrdarb h¸$ gmoSy>Z XoVmV, mMr _m{hVr {_idyZ Vr à{gÕ Ho$ë`mg m àýmMr ì`mnH$Vm ñnï> hmoD$ eHo$b.

�hr h¸$gmoS> nÌm§Mr H$madmB© VbmR>r nmVirda hmoV AgVo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m{R>H$mUr hñVjon H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. m àým~Ôb Ë`m§À`mV OmJ¥Vr {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r VbmR>r nmVirdarb A{YH$mè`m§Mr à{ejUo ¿`m`bm hdrV. Ë`mM~amo~a H$moUr _{hbm X~mdmImbr Amnbm h¸$ gmoS>V AgVrb Va Aem KQ>Zm§Mr _m{hVr XoÊ`m~Ôb Ë`m§Zm gyMZm XoÊ`mV mì`mV, OoUoH$ê$Z Aem Ho$gog _Üò H$mhr H$madmB© hmoD$ eHo$b.

�Aem àH$mao h¸$gmoS> H$aÊ`mgmR>r A{YH$ _wÐm§H$ ewëH$ bmJy H$aÊ`mV `mdo, AWdm {h§Xÿ dmagm h¸$ H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$b_ 6 _ÜòM {h à{H«$`m AdKS> H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo H$mhr gwYmaUm H$amdr OoUo H$ê$Z Ë`mbm Amim ~gÊ`mg _XV hmoD$ eHo$b.

�_{hbm§Zm ì`{º$JV H$m`Úm§À`m A§_b~OmdUr_Üò oUmè`m AS>MUr _m§S>Ê`mgmR>r EH$ g{_Vr Agmdr, Á`m_Üò g§~§{YV {d^mJm§Mo emgH$s` A{YH$mar Am{U ór g§KQ>Zm§Mo H$m`©H$Vo© gh^mJr AgVrb.

_mJÊ`m / 31

^mJ 5 / _mJÊ`m

�Ë`mM~amo~a nËZrbm nVrÀ`m h`mVrV Ë`mÀ`m g§nÎmrV {hñgm H$gm {_idVm òD$ eHo$b `mgmR>r H$m`ÚmV H$m` àH$maÀ`m gwYmaUm/~Xb H$amdo bmJVrb mda {dMma hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.

2. dZ{YH$ma H$m`Xm 2006

2006 gmbÀ`m dZh¸$ H$m`Úm_wio O§Jbm§da Adb§~yZ AgUmè`m Am{Xdmgr bmoH$m§Mm O§Jbmdarb h¸$ àñWm{nV Pmbm Amho. m H$m`ÚmMr à^mdr A§_~OmdUr H$ê$Z Am{XdmgtÀ`m CnOr{dHo$gmR>r H$mhr n`m©` Cô H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo nwT>rb _wÔo _hËdmMo AmhoV

�O§Jbmdarb h¸$mMo Xmdo H$aÊ`mMr à{H«$`m pŠbï> Am{U doiImD$ AgyZ, AOyZhr AZoH$ XmdoXmam§Mo Xmdo nSy>Z AmhoV. hr à{H«$`m bdH$amV bdH$a nyU© hmoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.

�m H$m`Úmà_mUo {Xbo OmUmao gd© ImOJr Xmdo nVr-nËZr m§À`m g§`wº$ ZmdmZo {Xbo OmUo Ano{jV Amho. na§Vw àË`jmV _mÌ AZoH$ {R>H$mUr Vgo hmoV Zmhr Ago {XgVo. m {Z`_mMr H$S>H$ A§_b~OmdUr Pmbr nm{hOo.

�gm_w{hH$ dZh¸$ nyU© g_wXm`mbm O§Jbmda A{YH$ma XoVmo, na§Vw Ë`m_Üò {ó`m§Mm A{YH$ma AÑí` amhVmo. Ë`m_wio JmdmVrb gd© _{hbm§Zm gm_w{hH$ O§Jbmdarb h¸$ Ñí` ñdê$nmV {_iÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mVrb H$mhr ^mJmda _{hbm§Mm h¸$ _mÝ` H$ê$Z Ë`m ^mJmVrb O§Jb bmJdS>-dmna, Ë`mMo g§ajU, g§dY©Z `m~ÔbÀ`m {ZU©`m§V àË`j _{hbm§Mm gh^mJ H$gm {Z_m©U hmoB©b ho nhmdo bmJob.

�m O§Jbm§_Üò _{hbm§Zm dZ^mÁ`m§Mr bmJdS> H$ê$Z Ë`mMr {dH«$s H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~mOmanoR> CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xë`mg Ë`m§À`m CnOr{dHo$gmR>r hmV^ma bmJy eHo$b.

3. I§S>mZr O_rZ KoUo ~m~V

_hmamï´>mÀ`m doJdoJù`m ^mJm§_Üò _{hbm I§S>mZo O_rZ KoD$Z ñdV§ÌnUo {H§$dm JQ>mZo eoVr H$aVmV Aer AZoH$ CXmhaUo {XgyZ oVmV. m àH$maÀ`m à`moJm§Zm MmbZm XoÊ`mgmR>r nwT>rb _wÔo _hËdmMo AmhoV

�O{_Zr I§S>mZo KoÊ`mMo ~hþVoH$ H$ama ho AZm¡nMm[aH$ AgVmV. Ë`m_wio Vr O_rZ I§S>mZo KoVboë`m _{hbm§Zm gwajm {_iy eH$V Zmhr, VgoM ~±Ho$VyZ Ë`mgmR>r H$O© KoUo hr AdKS> OmVo. Aem àH$maMr EH$ ì`dñWm C^r H$aÊ`mMr JaO Amho, Á`m_Üò `m àH$maÀ`m H$amam§Zm Jmd nmVirda n§Mm`Vr H$Sy>Z _mÝ`Vm {_iob, Am{U Á`m_wio _{hbm eoVH$è`m§Zm mo½` Vo g§ajU {_iy eHo$b.

�O_rZ mS>onQ²>Q>çmZo XoÊ`m~m~VMm Z_wZm H$m`Xm {ZVr Am`moJmZo gmXa Ho$bm Amho. _Ü`àXoe gaH$maZo hm H$m`Xm nm[aV Ho$bm AgyZ H$Zm©Q>H$ Am{U CÎmaàXoe_Üò Ë`m Ñï>rZo à{H«$`m gwê$ Ho$br Amho. _hmamï´>mVhr Vr gwê$ ìhm`bm hdr.

�m _{hbm§Zm H«o$S>rQ> Am{U BVa BZnwQ>g, H$m¡eë` à{ejU Am{U Ë`m§À`m {nH${dboë`m _mbmgmR>r ~mOmanoR> ho ghH$m`© CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xë`mg hm à`moJ Mm§Jë`m àH$mao Mmby eH$Vmo.

�Aem àH$maMo Oo doJio à`moJ AmO _hmamï´>mV hmoV AmhoV, Ë`m§Mo g§H$bZ H$ê$Z Ë`mbm à{gÕr XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.


4. _m°So>b A°J«rH$ëMa b±S> {b{g§J A°ŠQ>, 2016

eoVrda Adb§~yZ AgUmè`m _moR>çm bmoH$g§»òbm Oa øm H$m`Xoera gwYmamMm \$m`Xm ìhm`Mm Agob d OwÝ`m MwH$m Q>mim`À`m AgVrb Va øm AhdmbmV Agboë`m AmYr Z_yX Ho$boë`m H$mhr _wÚm§Mm nwZ{d©Mma H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. øm_Üò àm_w»`mZo _{hbm, X{bV, Am{Xdmgr Am{U BVa gm_m{OH$-Am{W©H$ Xw~©b KQ>H$ Oo Aën^yYmaH$ AmhoV, na§Vw Á`m§À`m CnOr{dHo$Mm _moR>m mJ eoVrda Adb§~yZ Amho, Ë`m§Zm gm_mdyZ KoUo, eoVrMr H$m`©j_Vm dmT>dÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo ImÌrMo nmUr, H«o$S>rQ>, amoOJma h_r, bmoH$m{^_wI V§ÌkmZmda A{YH$ma BË`mXr Jmoï>tMmhr {dMma hmoUo JaOoMo Amho.

d§{MV _{hbm, Am{Xdmgr X{bV JQ>m§À`m Ñï>rZo hm H$m`Xm \$m`ÚmMm R>am`Mm Agë`mg _hmamï´> amÁ`mZo H$mhr {H$_mZ VaVwXtMm A§V^m©d H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.

�I§S>mZo KoVm oÊ`mÀ`m O{_Zrda H$_mb yYmaUm Agmdr OoUo H$ê$Z O{_ZrMo EH$ÌrH$aU Q>miVm oB©b �ho H$ama boIr AgmdoV d Ë`mV emgZmMr _Ü`ñVr Agmdr �H$ama _mbH$ d I§S>mZo KoUmè`m ì`º$snwaVmM _`m©{XV Z R>odVm Ë`mV _{hbm {H§$dm eoVH$ar JQ>m§Zm XoIrb

dmd Agmdm OoUo H$ê$Z gm_w{hH$ eoVrgmR>r g§Yr dmTy> eH$Vrb �mSo> R>adÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr {H$_mZ AmYma {H$_Vr emgZm_m\©$V R>adë`m Omì`mV. �mSo>nÅ>rZo O_rZ KoUmè`mgmR>r EImXo AmoiInÌ Agmdo OoUo H$ê$Z ~±H$ AWdm BVa g§ñWmH$Sy>Z H$O©

KoUo gmo`rñH$a R>aob �m gd© H$amam§Mr Zm|X J«m_n§Mm`Vr _Üò hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mM ~amo~a I§S>mZo XoUmao d KoUmao Aem

BÀNw>H$m§Mr mXr XoIrb J«m_n§Mm`VrV Agmdr d gd© {ZU©` ho J«m_gôV KoVbo OmdoV.

5. JmàmZ O{_Zr ao½`wbamB©O H$aUo~m~V

_amR>dmS>çm_Üò AZoH$ XeHo$ X{bVm§Mm JmàmZ O{_{ZgmR>rMm bT>m Mmby Amho. m g§X^m©V nwT>rb _mJÊ`m _hËdmÀ`m AmhoV

�JmàmZ O{_Zr ao½`wbamB©O H$aÊ`mMm Omo emgZ {ZU©` Amho, Ë`mà_mUo X{bVm§Zm Vo H$gV Agboë`m JmàmZ O{_Zr Ë`m§À`m ZmdmZo H$ê$Z {Xë`m Joë`m nm{hOoV. AZoH$ JmàmZYmaH$m§Mo Xmdo AOyZhr VgoM nSy>Z AmhoV, Ë`m§À`mda bdH$amV bdH$a H$madmB© hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.

�ho Xmdo _§Oya hmoV AgVmZm JmàmZYmaH$ åhUyZ nVr-nËZr XmoKm§À`m ZmdmZo Vr O_rZ {_iob Agm {Z`_ Amho. m {Z`_mMr H$S>H$ A§_b~OmdUr ìhm`bm hdr.

�Á`m JmàmZYmaH$m§Zm O_rZ AOyZ Ë`m§À`m ZmdmZo {_imbr Zmhr, Ë`m§Zm Vo O{_ZrMo _mbH$ Zgë`mZo eoVH$è`m§Zm {_iUmè`m {d{dY moOZm, VgoM XþîH$mimgma»`m g§H$Q>H$mimV {_iUmè`m gdbVr m§Mm bm^ KoVm oV Zmhr. Ë`m§Zmhr hm bm^ {_iÊ`mMr gmo` hmoUo JaOoMo Amho.

�gÜ`m JmàmZ O{_Zr ao½`wbamB©O H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ho$di EH$ emgZ {ZU©` Amho, Ë`mMo dZ A{YH$ma H$m`Úmà_mUo H$m`ÚmV énm§Va hmoUo JaOoMo Amho

_mJÊ`m / 33

6. Hw$im§À`m h¸$m§Mm {ZH$mb bmdUo~m~V

JmàmZYmaH$mà§ _mUMo H$mHo $Um_Yrb H$w imM§ m Vo H$gV Agbbo r O_rZ {_i{dÊ`mMm bT>m AZHo $ df© o Mmby Amho �AZoH$ Hw$im§Mo nSy>Z Agbobo Xmdo bdH$amV bdH$a à{H«$`m nyU© hmoD$Z Ë`m§À`m ZmdmZo Ë`m§Zm O_rZ

{_im`bm hdr �O{_Zrda Hw$i åhUyZ ~hþVoH$ doim nwéfmMo Zmd Agë`mZo {_iUmar O_rZ hr nwéfmÀ`m ZmdmZo {_iVo.

gaH$mar ImË`m§H$Sy>Z {Xë`m OmUmè`m O{_Zrda Á`mà_mUo nVr-nËZr XmoKm§Mo Zmd bmdÊ`mMm {Z`_ Amho, Vgm Vmo Hw$i H$m`ÚmImbr {_iUmè`m O{_ZrÀ`m ~m~VrVhr bmJy hmoÊ`mgmR>r H$m` H$amdo bmJob `mMm {dMma hmoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.

7. amhrb Ë`mMo Ka 4 OmZodmarMr A{YgyMZm

4 OmZodmar 2017 amoOr Omhra Ho$boë`m A{YgyMZoà_mUo "_hmamï´> Hw$id{hdmQ> d eoVO_rZ A{Y{Z`_' øm H$m`ÚmImbr Hw$im§Zm Vo ahmV Agbobr O_rZ Ë`m§À`m ZmdmZo hmoÊ`mMr dmQ> _moH$ir Pmbr. øm Zmo{Q>{\$Ho$eZ _Üò KaR>mUmMr OmJm nVr-nËZrÀ`m g§`wº$ ZmdmZo {_iÊ`mMr VaVyX Zmhr. Var AmUIr EH$ Zmo{Q>{\$Ho$eZ H$mTy>Z Ago Omhra H$amdo H$s øm O{_Zr nVr-nËZr À`m g§`wº$ ZmdmZo, Am{U {dYdm- n[aË`º$m _{hbm Agë`mg Ë`m§À`m ñdV…À`m ZmdmZo {Xë`m OmVrb. ømgmR>r _hgyb Am{U dZ {d^mJmMo 10Am°JñQ> 1994 _Yrb n[anÌH$mMm (emgZ n[anÌH$ H«$_m§H$ g§H$sU©1094/4679/78/~-1) g§X^© dmnaVm oB©b.

8. {dYdm narË`mº$m§Mo g§nÎmrV A{YH$ma d JmdR>mUmV KamgmR>r OmJm

{dYdm Am{U n[aË`º$m _{hbm§Zm nVrÀ`m g§nÎmr_Üò {hñgm _mJUo H$R>rU OmVo. gÜ`mÀ`m n[apñWVrV Ë`mgmR>r m§Zm gmhmæ` H$ê$ eHo$b Aer ì`dñWm C^maUo JaOoMo Amho.

_hmamï´>amÁ`mÀ`m2015À`m_{hbmYmoaUm_Üò(nmZ 46) Ago Z_yX H$aÊ`mV Ambobo Amho H$s JmdmVrb nS>rV O_rZ {H$Vr Amho ømMm AmT>mdm KoD$Z {h O_rZ _{hbm§À`m JQ>m§Zm n§Mm`VrÀ`m g§_Vr H$amamZo XoÊ`mV òB©b. EH$Q>çm _{hbm, _{hbm Hw$Qw>§~à_wI øm§Zm Aem àH$maÀ`m H$amam§_Üò àmYmÝ` XoÊ`mV òB©b. na§Vw àË`jmV ho Pmbobo Zmhr. `m YmoaUmMr àË`j A§_b~OmdUr hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho dË`m AZwe§JmZr EH$ ZmoQ>r{\$Ho$eZ {ZKUo Amdí`H$ Amho. mgmR>r _{hbm g§KQ>Zm§Zr Omoa YaÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.

JmdR>mU {dñVma OoWo OoWo àñVm{dV hmoV Agob VoWo n[aË`º$m {dYdm {ó`m§Zm KamgmR>r OmJm XoÊ`mV àmYmÝ` {_imdo Agm {ZU©` gm§Jbr{OëømV90 À`m XeH$mV Omo bT>m Pmbm Ë`mVyZ KoVbm Jobm d 5 Jmdm_Üò Ë`mMr A_b~OmdUr XoIrb Pmbr. gm§Jbr {OëømV KoÊ`mV Amboë`m m {ZU©`mMo gmd©ÌrH$aU hmoÊ`mMr JaO Amho d Ver _mJUr H$aÊ`mV mdr.


9. AmË_hË`mJ«ñV eoVH$ar Hw$Qw>§~m§Vrb {dYdm _{hbm§Mm n«íZ

{dX^m©Vrb AmË_hË`m Ho$boë`m eoVH$è`m§À`m níMmV eoVr H$aUmè`m _{hbm§Mm àíZ J§^ra Amho. øm _{hbm§Zm _XV H$ê$ eH$Vrb Aer _mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ` AmYma H|$Ðo C^maÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. Ë`m§À`mda AgUmè`m H$Om©~Ôb Ë`m§Zm _m{hVr {_idyZ XoUo, VgoM Ë`m§À`m ZmdmZo O_rZ {_iÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm gm_m{OH$ Am{U H$m`Xoera ghH$m`© {_im`bm hdo. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r AgUmè`m `moOZm VgoM gaH$mar {ZYr Ë`m§À`mn`ªV nmohmoMVmo Amho ømMr ImÌr H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$ ñdV§Ì ì`dñWm Agbr nm{hOo. eoVH$ar Hw$Qw>§~mVrb Á`m _{hbm§Zr AmË_hË`m Ho$ë`m AmhoV, Ë`m§À`m ZmdmZo O_rZ Zgë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m Zmdm§Mr Zm|X AmË_hË`m Ho$boë`m eoVH$è`m§À`m `mXrV hmoV Zmhr. Aem _{hbm§À`m ZmdmZo O_rZ Agmo AWdm Zgmo, `mXr_Üò Ë`m§À`m Zmdm§Mr Zm|X H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ {Oëhm{YH$mar nmVirda ìhm`bm hdo.

10. _wñbr_ _{hbm§Mo dmagm h¸$

_wñbr_ _{hbm§À`m _mb_Îmodarb h¸$m§À`m g§X^m©V gaH$ma H$Sy>Z \$maer H¥$Vr hmoV Zmhr. _hmamï´>mVrb J«m_rU ^mJmV ~hþVoH$ {R>H$mUr ì`dhmamV _wñbr_ ng©Zb H$m`Úmà_mUo dmagm Z hmoVm Vmo {h§Xÿ dmagm H$m`Úmà_mUoM hmoVmZm {XgVmo. ~¡R>H$m§_YyZ AmUIr EH$ _mJUr g_moa Ambr Vr åhUOo dŠ\$ ~moS>m©À`m O{_ZtMo Ë`mMm dmna H$emgmR>r Ho$bm OmVmo mg§X^m©V Am°S>rQ> H$aÊ`mV mdo. Aem O{_Zr Ë`m g_mOmVrb _{hbm eoVH$è`m§À`m JQ>m§Zm XoÊ`mV mì`mV.

11. nmÊ`mÀ`m g§X^m©Vrb _mJÊ`m

nmÊ`mMo {Z`moOZ, h¸$, ì`dñWmnZ d dmna `m gd© {ZU©`à{H«$`m_Üò _{hbm§Mm g_mdoe AgUo _hÎdmMo Amho. KaJwVr dmnamMo nmUr d {g§MZmMo nmUr `mÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r Jmd d YaUmÀ`m bm^joÌmda g{_Ë`m ñWmnZ Pmë`m AmhoV. Ë`m_Üò _{hbm§Mm gh^mJ Oar Agbm Var Vmo AW©nyU© hmoÊ`mgmR>r nmÊ`mer g§~§{YV gd© {d^mJm§Zr _{hbm§À`m g§X^m©V EH$ g{dñVa ñQ´>°Q>oOr nona V`ma H$amdm d Ë`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Aem ~OoQ>Mr VaVyX H$amdr.

12. CnOr{dHo $g§X^m©Vrb moOZm d H$m`©H«$_

gÜ`m _hmamï´>mV gaH$maMo doJdJio CnH«$_ Mmby AmhoV. _hmamï´> éab bm`ìh{bhÿS> {_eZ Am{U _m{d_ Jmdm§_Üò ~MVJQ>m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _{hbm§Zm g§KQ>rV H$ê$Z amoOJma {Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mMo à`moJ H$aV AmhoV. _{hbm§Zm ñdñV XamZo H$O© {_iÊ`mÀ`m `moOZm AmhoV. _{hbm {H$gmZ geº$sH$aU n[a`moOZm `mgma»`m `moOZm AmhoV. VgoM ZaoJm_m\©$V eoVr-O{_ZrMr H$m_o H$aÊ`mgmR>r n¡gm CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Vmo. Hw$Qw>§~lr gma»`m CXmhaUmà_mUo `m gd© g§gmYZm§Mm EH${ÌV dmna Ho$ë`mg J«m_rU _{hbm§À`m CnOr{dHo$gmR>r Mm§Jbm n`m©` C^m amhÿ eH$Vmo.

_mJÊ`m / 35

13. _m`H«$mo \$m`ZmÝg H§$nÝ`m§Zm Amim KmbÊ`mMr JaO

_m`H«$mo \$m`ZmÝg H§$nÝ`m§Mo dmT>Vo à_mU - Img H$ê$Z XþîH$mir ^mJ Am{U eoVH$ar AmË_hË`m J«ñV {dX^m©_Ü`o - hm J§^ra {df` Amho. øm H§$nÝ`m§da {Z`§ÌU R>odUo JaOoMo Amho. VgoM XþîH$mi, {H§$dm eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË_hË`m ømgma»`m g§H$Q>H$mimV H$O© naV\o$S>rMo Oo {Z`_ [aPd© ~±Ho$À`m {Z`_m§à_mUo bmJy hmoVmV Vo øm H§$nÝ`m§Zmhr bmJy ìhmdoV. mg§X^m©V Am§Y«àXoe gaH$maZo {Xbobm dQ>hþHw$_ nmhVm oB©b.

14. j_Vm {dH$mg d à{ejUo

Jmdm_§ Ü o _{hbmÀ§ `m h¸$mg§ mR>r H$m_ H$aUmè`m gñ§ Wm/gK§ Q>ZmM§ o à{V{ZYr VgMo eVo H$ar _{hbm `mZ§ m Ob OJ§ b d O{_Zr g~§ Y§ rMo dJo dJo io H$m`Xo Am{U Ë`mMr A_§ b~OmdUr, VgMo O_rZ Am{U gg§ mYZmd§ arb _{hbmM§ m A{YH$ma mgX§ ^mV© à{ejUo {_idrV. VgMo VbmR>r,Jm« _ gdo H$, ganM§ d Jm« _ nM§ m`VrMo gXñ`, VhgrbXma mZ§ mhr H$m`ÚmMdo EH$§ XarV g_mOmVrb {df_Vm mgX§ ^mV© à{ejU {_iUo Amdí`H$ AmhVo .

15. H$m`Úmer gwg§JV Zgboë`m emgZ {ZU©`m~m~V Iwbmgm H$aUo

bú_r _wº$s(1992), Ka XmoKm§Mo(2003) `m gma»`m n[anÌH$m§Mr A§_b~OmdUr _hmamï>mV AZoH$ {R>H$mUr Pmbr Amho. hr n[anÌHo$ H$m`Úmer gwg§JV Zgë`m_wio Ë`mVyZ dmagm, IaoXr {dH«$s d BVa ì`dhmam_Ü`o àý {Z_m©U hmoD$ eH$VmV. Ë`m AZwf§JmZo emgZmZo `m gd© g§X^m©Vrb Amnbr ^y{_H$m ñnï> H$aÊ`mMr JaO Amho.


g§X^© :

1. SOPPECOM. 2008. Women and land rights in Maharashtra: Exploring the facilitating and constraining factors in achieving resource rights

2. SOPPECOM. 2012. Women and land rights: study of campaigns led by SWISSID India partners, YUVrural, Sakav, and RDC

3. Women's Studies Centre, ILS Law College, SOPPECOM. 2016. Women's right over land forest and water: issues emerging from state level consultation held on 5-6 pril 2016

4. gmonoH$m°_. 2016. {ó`m d O{_Zrdarb A{YH$ma : gm§Jbr {OëømVrb EH$ Aä`mg

5. Kulkarni, Seema. 2017. Collective farming in Kerala and lessons for Maharashtra http://vikalpsangam.org/static/media/uploads/Resources/kudumbashreecollectivefarmingvsseema.pdf

g§X^© / 37

gmonoH$m°_ (Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem

Management) hr EH$ ñd`§godr g§ñWm AgyZ 1991 nmgyZ Z¡g{J©H$ gmYZ g§nÎmrMo ì`dñWmnZ øm {df`mV H$m_ H$aV Amho. Ë`m A§VJ©V nmÊ`mMo ì`dñWmnZ Am{U g§~§{YV àý hm gmonoH$m°_À`m H$m_mMm à_wI ^mJ am{hbm Amho. Z¡g{J©H$ gmYZm§Mm `mo½` Am{U emœV dmna, Ë`mVyZ {_iUmè`m \$m`ÚmMo g_Ý`m`r nÕVrZo dmQ>n, Am{U øm g§gmYZm§Mo {dH|${ÐV Am{U bmoH$emhr nÕVrZo ì`dñWmnZ hr g§ñWoMr à_wI VÎdo AmhoV. àm_w»`mZo g§emoYZ/Aä`mg, à{ejUo, YmoaUmË_H$ nmVirda _m§S>Ur ho g§ñWoÀ`m H$m_mMo ñdê$n Amho.

gmonoH$m°_À`m Z¡g{J©H$ gmYZm§Mo g_Ý`m`r dmQ>n Am{U Ë`m§Mo EH${ÌV ì`dñWmnZ `mg§~§Yr Ñï>rH$moZm_Üò "{b§J^md' hm EH$ AË`§V _hËdmMm _wÔm Amho. {b§J^md, nmUr Am{U CnOr{dH$m øm§À`mer g§~§{YV doJdoJù`m {df`m§da gmonoH$m°_Mo H$m_ Mmby Amho. _{hbm§Mm O_rZ Am{U BVa Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm§darb h¸$ hm Ë`mn¡H$sM EH$ à_wI {df`.

øm {df`mda _mJrb H$mhr dfmª_Üò Ho$boë`m H$m_mdaM hr nwpñVH$m AmYm[aV Amho. AmO øm àýmg§~§Yr _hmamï´>mV H$m` n[apñWVr Amho, VgoM øm àýmda ^{dî`mV H$m_ H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo H$m` H$aVm òB©b ømMr _m§S>Ur H$aÊ`mMm hm EH$ à`ËZ Amho.

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