OCCUlTences 9EcopEco/9Ecoplcx in Stromateis...GCS 17, Stromata Buch VII und VIII, Excerpta Ex...

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APPENDIX 1 OCCUlTences of 9EcopEco/9Ecoplcx in Stromateis Book I Book II Booklli Book IV BookV Book VI Book VII • 1.10,4-5 I 2.5,1-2 • (1.3,2) • l.1,5 • 2.4,2-3 • 1.3,4 I 1.15,2 e (2.5,5) • 3.9,1 • 1.13,2 • 7.61,1-2 e 2.10,2-3 e (1.15,2) • 2.8,2-3 • 5.21,1 I 3.16,1 • 9.75,1-2 e 2.11,1 • 1.16,1 • 10.46,1 • 6.40,1 • 6.36,4 I 10.80,2 e 3.13,1-2 (3x) S 1.17,1 • 10.47,4 • 16.99,2-3 • 6.40,1 I 11.91,4-5 • 3.16,6 I 6.33,1 • (10.47,4) I 17.108,2 • 8.54,4 • 12.98,3 • 7.44,6-7 (3x) I 9.43,1 • 17.77,4 • 22.136,2 • 9.58,5 e 14.108,1 • 7.46,4 • 11.51,4-5 S 20.125,2 I 22.136,4 e 10.66,2 e (14.108,1) • 7.49,4 I 15.73,4-5 I 21.129,4 • 23.152,3 (2x) e (10.66,2) • 15.121,1-2 e 10.56,5-6 • 19.94,6 • 21.130,2 • (23.152,3) I (11.67,3) • 15.132,5 e (l0.57,1) S 21.143,3 • 25.155,2 (3x) • (11.71,1) S 15.138,1 • 10.59,7 • 25.165,3 • 12.78,2 I 17.150,4 I 11.60,2-3 • 25.166,2 S (14.138,3) • 17.155,3 I 11.61,1 I 28.176,1 I 14.140,2-3 • 18.166,3 S 11.61,4 e (28.176,2) I 18.168,4 e (1l.68,4) • 12.72,5 S 12.74,6 I 12.76,5 I 12.76,7 • 12.78,2 • 13.83,3-4 (2x) I 15.91,4 I 16.102,2 TOTALS: 15 10 0 14 14 15 28 References with a small "x" represent multiple occurrences. References in parentheses are the occurrences of E1to1t'tEta which we show in §3.4 (pp.120-121) is closely related to, and sometimes used synonymously with 8Eropta. Book VIII, being a redacted compilation of notes, is not included in this chart. See the discussion in §4.1.3 (pp.148-152). Symbols in the chart: S = a physical 'sight' phenomenon; a visual spectacle I = intellectual' seeing,' or contemplation 8 = 8Eropta, spiritual contemplation • = the meaning is not clearly distinctive enough to classify 296 I

Transcript of OCCUlTences 9EcopEco/9Ecoplcx in Stromateis...GCS 17, Stromata Buch VII und VIII, Excerpta Ex...

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APPENDIX 1

OCCUlTences of 9EcopEco/9Ecoplcx in Stromateis

Book I Book II Booklli Book IV BookV Book VI Book VII • 1.10,4-5 I 2.5,1-2 • (1.3,2) • l.1,5 • 2.4,2-3 • 1.3,4 I 1.15,2 e (2.5,5) • 3.9,1 • 1.13,2 • 7.61,1-2 e 2.10,2-3 e (1.15,2) • 2.8,2-3 • 5.21,1 I 3.16,1 • 9.75,1-2 e 2.11,1

• 1.16,1 • 10.46,1 • 6.40,1 • 6.36,4 I 10.80,2 e 3.13,1-2 (3x) S 1.17,1 • 10.47,4 • 16.99,2-3 • 6.40,1 I 11.91,4-5 • 3.16,6 I 6.33,1 • (10.47,4) I 17.108,2 • 8.54,4 • 12.98,3 • 7.44,6-7 (3x) I 9.43,1 • 17.77,4 • 22.136,2 • 9.58,5 e 14.108,1 • 7.46,4 • 11.51,4-5 S 20.125,2 I 22.136,4 e 10.66,2 e (14.108,1) • 7.49,4 I 15.73,4-5 I 21.129,4 • 23.152,3 (2x) e (10.66,2) • 15.121,1-2 e 10.56,5-6 • 19.94,6 • 21.130,2 • (23.152,3) I (11.67,3) • 15.132,5 e (l0.57,1) S 21.143,3 • 25.155,2 (3x) • (11.71,1) S 15.138,1 • 10.59,7 • 25.165,3 • 12.78,2 I 17.150,4 I 11.60,2-3 • 25.166,2 S (14.138,3) • 17.155,3 I 11.61,1 I 28.176,1 I 14.140,2-3 • 18.166,3 S 11.61,4 e (28.176,2) I 18.168,4 e (1l.68,4)

• 12.72,5 S 12.74,6 I 12.76,5 I 12.76,7 • 12.78,2 • 13.83,3-4 (2x) I 15.91,4 I 16.102,2

TOTALS: 15 10 0 14 14 15 28

References with a small "x" represent multiple occurrences. References in parentheses are the occurrences of E1to1t'tEta which we show in §3.4 (pp.120-121) is closely related to, and sometimes used synonymously with 8Eropta. Book VIII, being a redacted compilation of notes, is not included in this chart. See the discussion in §4.1.3 (pp.148-152).

Symbols in the chart: S = a physical 'sight' phenomenon; a visual spectacle I = intellectual' seeing,' or contemplation 8 = 8Eropta, spiritual contemplation • = the meaning is not clearly distinctive enough to classify

296

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1

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

o

APPENDIX 2

Occurrences of Prayer in Stromateis

93

16 8 ............. . 11················· .................. 13 6

~1 ~2 ~3 ~4 ~5 ~6 ~7

Occurrences of Prayer in Strom. VII 60.----------------------==-------~------------------------------~

45~1----------------------4

30+1---------------------4

15~1----------------------~

o 0 0

Ol~i~i~i~i~i~ i~ i~i~ i~i~i~ i~i~ ~ i~ i~i~

Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

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Bk.Ch. I.l II.18 Lines of text 304 276 Occurrences 7 8

Lines per Occurrence 43.4 34.5

APPENDIX 3

Frequency of yvwO'tS (A Sampling of 8 Chapters)

III. 12 IV.6 V.1 209 228 244

1 11 11

209 20.7 22.1

VI.16 VII. 7 312 315 10 25

31.2 12.6 Cummulative result for all 8 chapters: Average lines oftext/occurrence = 25.0

VII. 12 267 13

20.5

A sample of eight chapters (one from each book of Stromateis in addition to VII.7 and 12) shows the frequency difference of VII. 7 from the rest of the work. The target for the sample chapter size was 300 lines oftext, based on VII. 7. The largest chapter from each book which was also the closest in size was selected. The lines of text are based on the SUihlin edition. The number of occurences of yvroO'tC; are given as estimates; variations such as YVcOO'eCOC;, and yvcoO"tucfj have been taken into consideration, but some variations may have been missed.

Bk.Ch. I.l Lines of text 304

Citations 27 Lines per Citation 11.3

APPENDIX 4

Frequency of Scriptural Citations (A Sampling of8 Chapters)

II.18 III. 12 IV.6 V.l 276 209 228 244 28 34 24 22

9.9 6.1 9.5 11.1

VI. 16 312 12

26 Cummulative result for all 8 chapters: Average lines oftext/citation = 13.1

The same method used in Appendix 3 was used here.

VII. 7 VII. 12 315 267

5 13

63 20.5

The Scriptural citations are based on the Wilson translation, ANCL, as he has chosen a fairly strict guide for citations (not using 1-2 word allusions).

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APPENDIX 5

Categories in Stromateis VII Ascension Texts

perfection angels "stages," or "steps" "summit" "rest" E1t01t'tetCX

9EroptCX

"face to face" 6~tAtCX

"son," or "friend" of God

VII.3.13.1-3

3.13,1-3 10,56-57,2 I 11.68,1-5 13.82,4-7 ./ ./ ./ ./

f····················································· ........................................................................................... . no? ./ no no

f···································· ............................................................................................................ . (the concept)./ ./ "thrones"

···(th~·~·~~~~p1S··· ................. j" ............................... j" ............... ····(th~··~;~~~·Pt)···

~~ ................ ················7··············· ................ ";j ................ ................. :; ............... .

............... ~~ ................................ -:; ................ ................ ";j ................ ............... ~~ ............. ..

................ ";j ................ ................. :; ............................... ~~ ............................... ~~ .............. .

f .. ····· .. · .. · .......... · .. · .. ·· .. ···· .... ·· .... ·· .. ·· .... ···· .. · .. · .. · .. ·· ........ · ............................ · .. ······ .. · .. · .......... ··· .. · .. ·1 (the concept)./ ./ no

................ ";j ................ ............... ~~ ............................... ~~ ................. .. no

no .... ................. ";j ................ .. ..

no

Now I pass over other things in silence, glorifying the Lord. But I affirm that gnostic souls, that surpass in the grandeur of contemplation the mode of life of each of the holy ranks, among whom the blessed abodes of the gods are allotted by distribution, reckoned holy among the holy, transferred entire from among the entire, reaching places better than the better places, embracing the divine vision not in mirrors or by means of minors, but in the transcendently clear and absolutely pure insatiable vision which is the privilege of intensely loving souls, holding festival through endless ages, remain honoured with the indentity of all excellence. Such is the vision attainable by "the pure in heati." This is the function of the Gnostic, who has been perfected, to have convene with God through the great High Priest, being made like the Lord, up to the measure of his capacity, in the whole service of God, which tends to the salvation of men, through care of the beneficence which has us for its object; and on the other side through worship, through teaching and through beneficence in deeds. The Gnostic even fOlms and creates himself; and besides also, he, like to God, adorns those who hear him; assimilating as far as possible the moderation which, arising from practice, tends to impassibility, to Him who by nature possesses impassibility; and especially having unintenupted converse and fellowship with the Lord.

VII.t 0.56,3-57,2 It leads us to the endless and perfect end, teaching us beforehand the future life that we shall lead, according to God, and with gods; after we are freed from all punishment and penalty which we undergo, in consequence of our sins, for salutaty discipline. After which redemption the reward and the honours are assigned to those who have become perfect; when they have got done with purification, and ceased from all service, though it be holy service, and among

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saints. Then become pure in heaIt, and near to the Lord, there awaits them restoration to everlasting contemplation; and they are called by the appellation of gods, being destined to sit on thrones with the other gods that have been first put in their places by the Saviour. Knowledge is therefore quick in purifying, and fit for that acceptable transfOlmation to the better. Whence also with ease it removes [the soul] to what is akin to the soul, divine and holy, and by its own light conveys man through the mystic stages of advancement; till it restores the pure in heart to the crowning place of rest; teaching to gaze on God, face to face, with knowledge and comprehension. For in this consists the perfection of the gnostic soul, in its being with the Lord, where it is in immediate subjection to Him, after rising above all purification and service.

VII.11.68,1-5 For by the service of what is best and most exalted, which is characterized by unity, it renders the Gnostic at once friend and son, having in truth grown "a perfect man, up to the measure of full stature." FUlther, agreement in the same thing is consent. But what is the same is one. And friendship is consummated in likeness; the community lying in oneness. The Gnostic, consequently, in virtue of being a lover of the one true God, is the really perfect man and friend of God, and is placed in the rank of son. For these are names of nobility and knowledge, and perfection in the contemplation of God; which crowning step of advancement the gnostic soul receives, when it has become quite pure, reckoned wOlthy to behold everlastingly God Almighty, "face," it is said, "to face." For having become wholly spiritual, and having in the spiritual Church gone to what is of kindred nature, it abides in the rest of God.

VII.13.82,4-7 Now the temple is great, as the Church, and it is small, as the man who preserves the seed of Abraham. He, therefore, who has God resting in him will not desire aught else. At once leaving all hindrances, and despising all matter which distracts him, he cleaves the heaven by knowledge. And passing through the spiritual Essences, and all rule and authority, he touches the highest thrones, hasting to that alone for the sake of which alone he knew. Mixing, then, "the serpent with the dove," he lives at once perfectly and with a good conscience, mingling faith with hope, in order to the expectation of the future. For he is conscious of the boon he has received, having become wOlthy of obtaining it; and is h'anslated from slavery to adoption, as the consequence of knowledge; knowing God, or rather known of Him, for the end, he puts faIth energies conesponding to the worth of grace. For works follow knowledge, as the shadow the body.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Editions and Translations: Clement of Alexandria:

__ , Migne, J.P., Patrologia Graeca 8-9 (Paris 1857).

__ , Stahlin, 0., Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller, GCS 12, Protrepticus und Paedagoglls, erster Band, ed. Ursula Treu (Berlin 1972); GCS 15, Stromata Buch I-VI, zweiter Band, ed. Ludwig Fruchtel (Berlin 1960); GCS 17, Stromata Buch VII und VIII, Excerpta Ex Theodoto - Eclogae

Propheticae - QUis Dives Salvetur - Fragmente, dritter Band, ed. Ludwig Fruchtel and Ursula Treu (Berlin 1970);

GCS 39, Clemens Alexandrinus Register, vierter Band, Stahlin (Leipzig 1936); Clemens Alexandrimls Register (Band IV-I), ed. Ursula Treu (Berlin, 1980).

__ , Sources Chretiennes, Vol. 70, Le Pedagogue, par H.I. Marrou et M. Harl (Paris 1960), Vol. 30, Les Stromates I, par M. Caster et C. Mondesert (Paris 1951), Vol. 38, Les Stromates II, par P. Camelot et C. Mondesert (Paris 1954), Vol. 278, Les Stromates V, par A. Boulluec et P. Voulet (Paris 1981), Vol. 446, Les Stromates VI, par Patrick Descourteiux (Paris 1999), Vol. 428, Les Stromates VII, par A. Boulluec (Paris 1997).

__ , The Ante-Nicene Christian Library Vol. 4, "Exhortation to the Heathen," "The Instructor," and Book I of "The

Miscellanies; or, Stromata," translation by W. Wilson (Edinburgh 1867). Vol. 12, Books II-VIII of "Miscellanies," translation by W. Wilson (Edinburgh 1869).

__ , Stromateis, Book III, translation and notes by Henry Chadwick, Alexandrian Christianity, LCC II (London 1954).

-- ,Miscellanies, Book VII, translation and notes by J.A. Hort and J.B. Mayor (New York 1902).

__ , The Fathers of the Church Vol. 23, Christ the Educator, translation and notes by Simon P. Wood

(Washington, D.C. 1954). Vol. 85, Stromateis Books One to Three, translation by John Ferguson

(Washington, D.C. 1991).

__ , The Exhortation to the Greeks, The Rich Man's Salvation, and To the Newly Baptized, translation by G.W. Butterworth, LCL (London 1919).

__ , Excerpta Ex Theodoto, translation and notes by R.P. Casey (London 1934).

__ , The Letter to Theodore, translation with notes by Morton Smith, Clement of Alexandria and a Secret Gospel of Mark (Cambridge, USA 1973).

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Other Ancient Writers:

Alcinous, The Handbook of Platonism, translation, introduction and commentary by John Dillon (Oxford 1993).

Barnabas, Epftre de Bamabe, Sources Chretiennes Vol. 172, par Prigent, Pierre and Kraft, Robert A. (Paris 1971).

Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, translated by Lawlor and Oulton, Vol. I & II (London 1954).

__ , A New Eusebius, by J. Stevenson (London 1987).

__ , Sources Chretiennes, Vol. 31, Hist Ecclesiasticus III, par G. Bardy (Paris 1952). Vol. 41, Hist Ecclesiasticlls VI, par G. Bardy (Paris 1955).

Gregory of Nyssa, Life of Moses, translated by Abraham J. Malherbe and Everett Ferguson, CWS (Minneapolis 1978).

__ , Homilies on Ecclesiastes, translation by Stuart George Hall and Rachel Moriarty (New York 1993).

__ , The Lord's Prayer and The Beatitudes, translation by Hilda C. Graef, ACW 18 (London 1954).

__ , Ascetical Works, translation by Virginia Woods Callahan, FC 58 (Washington, D.C. 1967). Works in volume: On Virginity, On What it Means to Call Oneself a Christian, On Perfection, On the Christian Mode of Life, The Life of Saint Macrina, and On the Soul and the Resurrection.

Hippolytus, The Apostolic Tradition, translation by Gregory Dix (London 1937).

__ , Sources Chretiennes, Vol. 11 bis, La Tradition Apostolique, par B. Botte (paris 1984).

Irenaeus, Against Heresies, translation by John Keble, Library of the Fathers series (London, 1872).

__ , Sources Chretiennes, Vol. 153, Contre Les Heresies V, par A. Rousseau (Paris 1969), Vol. 264, Contre Les Heresies I, par A. Rousseau et L. Doutreleau (Paris 1979).

Origen, Contra Celsum, translation by Henry Chadwick (Cambridge 1953).

__ , On First Principles, translation by G.W. Butterworth (London 1936).

__ , The Song of Songs - Commentmy and Homilies, translation by RP. Lawson, ACW 26 (London 1957).

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

__ , Selectionsfrom the Commentaries and Homilies ofOrigen, translation by R.B. Tollinton (London 1929).

__ , An Exhortation to Martyrdom, On Prayer, First Principles: Book IV, Prologue to the Commentary on the Song of Songs, Homily XXVI on Numbers, translation by Rowan A Greer, CWS (London 1979).

__ , Sources Chretiennes, Vol. 132, Contre Celse I, par Marcel Borret (Paris 1967). Vol. 147, Contre Celse VI, de Marcel Borret (Paris 1969).

Philo, The Works of Philo, translated by C.D. Yonge (Peabody, MA 1993).

__ , The Contemplative Life, translation by F.R. Colson, LCL Philo, Vol.IX (Cambridge, USA 1941).

Photius, The Librmy of Photius, translation by lH. Freese (London 1920).

Plato, Platonis Opera, Ioannes Burnet, Vol. I-IV (Oxonii 1905).

__ , Phaedo, translation by R.S. Bluck (London 1955).

__ , Phaedrus, translation by Alexander Nehamas and Paul Woodruff, Hackett Publishing Co., 1995.

__ , The Republic, translation by Paul Shorey, LCL in two volumes (London 1935).

__ , Symposium, translation by W.RM. Lamb, LCL 166, Plato III (London 1991).

__ , Timaeus and Critias, translation by AE. Taylor (London 1929).

Procius, The Elements of Theology, translation and commentary by E.R Dodds (Oxford 1933).

Tertullian, Concerning the Resurrection of the Flesh, translation by A. Souter (London 1922).

__ , The "Prescription" of Heretics, translation by T. Herbert Bindley (London 1914).

__ , Concerning Prayer and Concerning Baptism, translation by Alexander Souter (London 1919).

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

General Works:

Aland, Barbara, Gnosis, papers in honor of Hans Jonas (Gottingen 1978).

Allen, Pauline, Raymond Canning, Lawrence Cross and Janelle Caiger, Prayer and Spirituality in the Early Church, VoU (Brisbane 1998); Vol.II, ed. by Pauline Allen, Wendy Mayer and Lawrence Cross (Brisbane 1999).

Avraamides, Achilles, "Clement of Alexandria and the Gnostics," AOAT 203, Studies in Honor of Tom B. Jones, edited by Marvin A. Powell, Jr., and Ronald H. Sack (Neukirchener 1979).

Armstrong, A.H., Classical Mediterranean Spirituality: Egyptian, Greek, Roman, WS 15 (London 1986).

__ , The Cambridge Histmy of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy (Cambridge 1970).

Arndt, William F. and Gingrich, F. Wilbur, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1979).

Balch, Ferguson, and Meeks, Greeks, Romans, and Christians: Essays in Honor of Abraham J. Malherbe (Minneapolis 1990).

Baltes, Matthias, "Is the Idea of the Good in Plato's Republic Beyond Being?", in Studies in Plato and the Platonic Tradition: Essays Presented to John Whittaker, ed. by Mark Joyle (Aldershot, UK 1997), pp.3-23.

Barnard, L.W., "The 'Epistle of Barnabas' and its Contemporary Setting," ANRW 27.1 (1993), pp.159-207.

__ , "St. Mark and Alexandria," HTR 57 (1964), pp.145-150.

Barrett, C.K., "The Historicity of Acts," JTS 50 (1999), pp.515-534.

Bauer, Walter, Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity, 2nd ed., ET (London 1971).

Beatrice, Pier Franco, "Apollos of Alexandria and the Origins of the Jewish-Christian Baptist Encratism," ANRW 26.2 (1995), pp.1232-1275.

Bell, H. Idris, Egypt: From Alexander the Great to the Arab Conquest (Oxford 1948).

Bercot, David W., A DictionaJY of Early Christian Beliefs (Peabody, MA 1998).

Bigg, Charles, The Origins of Christianity, edited by T.B. Strong (Oxford 1909).

-- , The Christian Platonists of Alexandria (Oxford 1886).

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Blumenthal, R.I., and Markus, R.A., Neoplatonism and Early Christian Thought: Essays in Honor of A.H Armstrong (London 1981).

Bowman, Alan K., Champlin, Edward, and Lintott, Andrew, CAH 10, "The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C.-A.D. 69," 2nd ed. (Cambridge 1996).

Bradley, Denis I.M., "The Transformation of the Stoic Ethic in Clement of Alexandria," SEC 16, edited by Everett Ferguson (New York 1993), pp.43-68.

Brakke, David, Athanasius and the Politics of Asceticism (Oxford 1995).

Brandwood, Leonard, A Word Index to Plato (Leeds,UK 1976).

Brenk, F.E., "Plutarch, Judaism and Christianity," in Studies in Plato and the Platonic Tradition: Essays Presented to John Whittaker, ed. by Mark Joyle (Aldershot, UK 1997), pp.97-117.

Broek, Roelofvan den, "The Christian' School' of Alexandria in the Second and Third Centuries," in Studies in Gnosticism and Alexandrian Christianity, NHMS 39 (Leiden 1996), pp.197-205.

__ , "Jewish and Platonic Speculations in Early Alexandrian Theology: Eugnostus, Philo, Valentinus, and Origen," in SAC: The Roots of Egyptian Christianity, edited by Pearson and Goehring (Philadelphia 1986), pp.190-203.

Brown, Peter, The Body and Society (New York 1988).

Bruce, F.F., '''To the Hebrews': A Document of Roman Christianity?" ANRW 25.4 (1987), pp.3496-3521.

__ , Men andMovements in the Primitive Church, BCL (Carlisle, UK 1979).

__ , Commentary on the Epistle to the Colossians, NICNT - Ephesians and Colossians, with E.K. Simpson (Grand Rapids 1979).

Buell, Denise Kimber, "Producing DescentlDissent: Clement of Alexandria's Use of Filial Metaphors as Intra-Christian Polemic," HTR 90 (1997), pp.89-104.

Butterworth, G.W., "The Deification of Man in Clement of Alexandria," JTS 17 (1916), pp.157-169.

Cameron, Ron, "The Gospel of Thomas and Christian Origins," in The Future oj Early Christianity, edited by Birger A. Pearson (Minneapolis 1991), pp.381-392.

Casey, R.P., "Clement and the Two Divine Logoi," JTS 25 (1924), pp.43-56.

__ , "Clement of Alexandria and the Beginnings of Christian Platonism," HTR 18 (1925), pp.39-101.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chadwick, Henry, "The Ascetic Ideal in the History of the Church," in SCH 22, Monks, Hermits and the Ascetic Tradition (Padstow 1985), pp.1-24.

__ , "Domestication of Gnosis," (pp.3-16) in The Rediscovery of Gnosticism I: The School of Valentin us SHR41,1 (Leiden 1980).

__ , Early Christian Thought and the Classical Tradition (Oxford 1966).

__ , "The Silence of Bishops in Ignatius," HTR 43 (1950), pp.169-172.

__ , Review ofH.A Wolfson's Philo, CR 63 (1949), pp.24-25.

Chadwick, Owen, Western Asceticism, "Introduction," LCC 12 (London 1958), pp.13-31.

Clark, Elizabeth A, Clement's Use of Aristotle: The Aristotelian Contribution to Clement of Alexandria's Refutation of Gnosticism (New York 1977).

Collins, AY., "Numerical Symbolism in Jewish and Early Christian Apocalyptic Literature," ANRW 21.2 (1984), pp.1221-1287.

Cox, Michael, A Handbook of Christian Mysticism (Wellingborough, UK 1986).

Coyle, J. Kevin, "What was 'Prayer' for Early Christians?," PSEC 2, edited by Allen, Mayer and Cross, (Brisbane 1999), pp.25-41.

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