Christoph Gabriel1,2 / Andrea Pešková2 / Ingo Feldhausen1,2

Universität Hamburg, IRom1 / SFB 538 “Mehrsprachigkeit” (Projekt H9)2

Prosodic phrasing and language contact: Evidence from two varieties of Argentinean Spanishfrom two varieties of Argentinean Spanish

32. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft (DGfS)

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 25 February 2010 12:30-13:00

Structure0 Goals

1 Spanish in Buenos Aires and Neuquén1 Spanish in Buenos Aires and Neuquén1.1 Buenos Aires (BA, Porteño)1.2 Neuquén (NQN)q ( )

2 Phrasing: Peninsular Spanish and Italian

3 Phrasing: BA and NQN3. Phrasing: BA and NQN3.1 Methods and Material3.2 Results3.2 Results

4. Concluding remarks

R fReferences

0. Goals

1. Examine ‘traces’ of Italian prosody in the phrasing patterns and b d li ti i t i ti f A ti S i hboundary realizations in two varieties of Argentinean Spanish:

● Buenos Aires (BA)(strong Italian influence)

● Neuquén (NQN)(less strong Italian influence)(less strong Italian influence)

2. Discuss the results within the Spanish ToBI labeling system.p _ g y

1. Spanish in Buenos Aires and Neuquén

1.1 Buenos Aires (BA, Porteño)

● Prestigious variety of Argentinean g y gSpanish

● porteño < puerto (‘harbor’)po te o pue to ( a bo )

● Originally spoken in the capital of Buenos Aires it is nowadays spread allBuenos Aires, it is nowadays spread all over the the coastal region down to Patagonia and Tierra del fuego(Fireland).

1. Spanish in Buenos Aires and Neuquén

1.1 Buenos Aires (BA, Porteño)

● Strong Italian influence due to immigration: about 3.000.000 immigrants from Central and Southern Italy between 1855immigrants from Central and Southern Italy between 1855-1946.

A thi d f th l ti f B Ai It li (● A third of the population of Buenos Aires: Italians (some neighborhoods, e.g. San Telmo: 45%).

● Long-lasting period of Spanish-Italian bilingualism:

Lexicon: laburo (< it. lavoro ‘work’)manyar (< it. mangiare ‘to eat’)

Segmental phonology : Cipoletti [tS] (place name)g p gy p [ S] (p )belladona [l…] (plant)

1. Spanish in Buenos Aires and Neuquén

1.1 Buenos Aires (BA, Porteño)

Prosody

P t ñ S i h d i l l h t i d● Porteño Spanish prosody is regularly characterized as ‘sounding Italian’ (Vidal de Battini 1964).

● Pre nuclear pitch accents: rising pitch movements peak● Pre-nuclear pitch accents: rising pitch movements, peak within the metrically strong syllable L+H*.(~ nuclear/focal accent in most Spanish varieties; pre nuclear accents(~ nuclear/focal accent in most Spanish varieties; pre-nuclear accents regularly surface with a delayed peak L+>H*).

L+>H*L+H* (Spanish_ToBI, Aguilar et al. 2009)

1. Spanish in Buenos Aires and Neuquén

1.1 Buenos Aires (BA, Porteño)

● Nuclear accent (neutral declaratives):fall within the metrically strong syllable H+L*fall within the metrically strong syllable H LPeninsular Spanish:~ nuclear accent in confirmatory and H+L*imperative yes-no questions

● Tri tonal pitch accent L+H*+L

H+L

Aguilar et al. (2009)

● Tri-tonal pitch accent L+H +L(contrastive focus, emphasis) Not described in other Spanish varietiesNot described in other Spanish varieties.

L+H*+L

Gabriel et al. (2010)Gabriel et al. (2010)

1. Spanish in Buenos Aires and Neuquén

1.1 Buenos Aires (BA, Porteño)● Absolute interrogatives: Series of ¡H* tones, final L%

~ Italian (Savino 2009), vs. Peninsular Spanish (Aguilar et al. 2009)( ), p ( g )

L+H* L+¡H* L+¡H*

L%

● Partial interrogatives: high scaling of WhP, low plateau.

L- … L- L%WhPWhP

1. Spanish in Buenos Aires and Neuquén

1.1 Buenos Aires (BA, Porteño)

Typical tonal shape of broad focus declaratives:

Peninsular Spanish

María miraba la LUna.

Italian (a), Porteño Spanish (b)

a) Maria mirava la LUna.| | |

L+>H* L+>H* L+H*

)b) María miraba la LUna.

| | |L+H* L+H* H+L*L H L H H L

1. Spanish in Buenos Aires and Neuquén

1.1 Neuquén (NQN)

● Neuquén, Northern Patagonia ( l ti 200 000)(population: ~ 200.000)

● Dialect similar to Porteño Spanish

(slight differences in nuclear configurations, segmental phonology and phrasing) Neuquén

● Migration-induced contact with Italian less important: Settlers from Italy only represent a small group on a par with other immigrants.

2. Phrasing: Peninsular Spanish and Italian

Two recent studies …

D’Imperio et al. (2005)

● Phrasing in several Romance languages, among them Peninsular Spanish and (Neapolitan) Italian

● Role of syntactic and prosodic branchingness in determining phrasing decisions

Frota et al. (2007)

Ph ti f i t di t h l (i ) b d i (BI 3)● Phonetic cues of intermediate phrasal (ip) boundaries (BI 3)

2. Phrasing: Peninsular Spanish and Italian

D’Imperio et al. (2005): Differences between Spanish and Italian

Spanish ItalianSVO (S)(VO) [79%] SVO (SVO) [97%]SVO → (S)(VO) [79%]Syntactically non-branching S & O

SVO → (SVO) [97%]Syntactically non-branching S & O

SVOO → (S)(VO) [93%] SVOO → (SVO) [91%]

M t i i d l ti ( b hi bj t)

SVOO (S)(VO) [93%]Synt. non-branching S & branching O

SVOO (SVO) [91%]Synt. non-branching S & branching O

Most common grouping in declaratives (non-branching subject), irrespective of the branchingness of the object (O, OO):Spanish: (S)(VO) Italian: (SVO)Spanish: (S)(VO) Italian: (SVO)

2. Phrasing: Peninsular Spanish and Italian

D’Imperio et al. (2005): Similarities between Spanish and Italian

Spanish ItalianSSVO → (S)(VO) [~100%] SSVO → (S)(VO) [84 5%]SSVO → (S)(VO) [~100%]Branching S & non-branching O

SSVO → (S)(VO) [84,5%]Branching S & non-branching O

SSVOO → (S)(VO) [~100%] SSVOO → (S)(VO)Branching S & O Branching S & O

Strong tendency in both languages: ip boundary after (prosodic-Strong tendency in both languages: ip boundary after (prosodic-ally and syntactically) branching subjects (SS) → (S)(VO).

2. Phrasing: Peninsular Spanish and Italian

Frota et al. (2007): Boundary cues

Cont. Rise (CR)

Sustained Pitch (SP)

Boundary Tone

Pitch Reset

Pre‐boundary Lengthening

Pause

H       L (PBL)

Spanish 88.4 11.2 99.3    0.7 76.0 40.2 28.2p

Italian 54.5 45.5 98.7    1.3 98.0 100.0 16.7

Spanish: Clear prevalence of continuation rise (CR)

(Frota et al. 2007:135)

Optional use of pre-boundary lengthening (40.2%)

Italian: Balanced relationship: CR and SPp PBL is obligatory (100%)

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.1 Methods and MaterialProduction experiment (scripted speech)● Nov/Dec 2008 in Argentina (Buenos Aires and Neuquén)

BA 25 bj t (11 14 f) NQN 25 bj t (8 17f)● BA: 25 subjects (11 m, 14 f), NQN: 25 subjects (8m, 17f)● native speakers of the variety, 10 SVO sentences

Syntactic branching condition (N + AP, N + PP)1. La libélula miraba a la belladona. SVO1. La libélula miraba a la belladona. SVO2. La libélula miraba a la belladona venenosa. SVOO3. La libélula amazónica miraba a la belladona. SSVO4 La libélula amazónica miraba a la belladona venenosa SSVOO4. La libélula amazónica miraba a la belladona venenosa. SSVOO

‘The (Amazonian) dragonfly watched the (poisonous) belladonna.’

5. La libélula de Málaga miraba a la belladona. SSVOg6. La libélula de Málaga miraba a la belladona venenosa. SSVOO

‘The dragonfly from Málaga watched the (poisonous) belladonna.’

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.1 Methods and MaterialProsodic branching condition (proper names)

7. Bárbara miraba a Verónica. SVO8. Bárbara miraba a Verónica Diego Solana. SVOOO9. Bárbara Duarte Álamo miraba a Verónica. SSSVO10. Bárbara Duarte Álamo miraba a Verónica Diego Solana. SSSVOOO

‘Bárbara (Duarte Álamo) used to look at Verónica (Diego Solana).’

Procedure

● Data were presented as a PowerPoint file● Data were presented as a PowerPoint file● Subjects were told to produce the target sentences first at

normal, then at rapid speech rate.● Recorded as .wav-files (Marantz PMD 671)● PRAAT

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

La libélula (amazónica) miraba a la belladona (venenosa).(Syntactic branching condition)

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

Bárbara (Duarte Álamo) miraba a Verónica (Diego Solana).(Prosodic branching condition)

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2 Results3.2.1 Tonal cues

(1) Continuation Rise CR

(2) Sustained Pitch SP(2) Sustained Pitch SP

(3) Pitch Reset PR

(4) Pre-boundary Upstep PU

(5) ‘Hat’ Contour HC( )

(6) Complex ip Boundary tone LH- CB

All (1 6) ith d ti l (PBL)

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All cues (1-6) can co-occur with a durational cue (PBL).

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues

unmarked F0 contour, no prosodic boundary

L+H*regular L+H* H+L*regular downtrend

σ* σ* σ*/ L+H*pitch accents L+H* H+L* /

20

/ L+Hpitch accents L+H* H+L* /

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues

(1) Continuation rise (CR)H-

regular downtrend

L+H* L+H* H+L*

* * *σ* σ* σ*pitch accents / L+H* L+H* H+L* /

21

/H-/ip boundarytones

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues

(1) Continuation rise (CR)

40000

200

300

Cont. Rise50

100

Pitc

h (H

z)

Bár- -ba- -ra Du- -ar- -te Á- -la- -mo mi- -ra- -ba a Ve- -ró- -ni- -ca Die- -go So- -la- -na

Bárbara Duarte Álamo miraba a Verónica Diego Solana

22Sentence: Pers12_S10N

B. D. Á. used to look at V. D. S.

Time (s)0 3.551

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues

(2) Sustained pitch (SP)!H- / M-

regular downtrend

L+H* L+H* H+L*downtrend

σ* σ* σ*pitch accents / L+H* L+H* H+L* /

23

/H-/ip boundarytones

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues(2) Sustained pitch (SP)

350

300

200

Sustained Pitch

50

100

Pitch (Hz)

La li- -bé- -lu- -la de Má- -la- -ga mi- -ra- -ba la be- -lla- -do- -na

La libélula de Málaga miraba la belladona

24Sentence: Pers10_S5N

The dragonfly of M. watched the b.

Time (s)0 2.803

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues

(3) Pitch reset (PR)¡H*

regular downtrend

¡HL+H* L+H* H+L*

downtrend

σ* σ* σ*pitch accents / L+H* L+H* H+L* /

25

ip boundarytones

/H-/

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues(3) Pitch reset (PR)

350

300

200

Pitch Reset

50

100

Pitch (Hz)

Bár- -ba- -ra Du- -ar- -te Á- -la- -mo mi- -ra- -ba a Ve- -ró- -ni- -ca

Bárbara Duarte Álamo miraba a Verónica

26Sentence: Pers5_S9N

B. D. Á. used to look at V.

Time (s)0 2.84

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues

(4) Pre-boundary upstep (PU)¡H*

regular downtrend

¡HL+H* L+H* H+L*

downtrend

σ* σ* σ*pitch accents / L+H* L+H* H+L* /

27

/H-/ip boundarytones

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues(4) Pre-boundary upstep (PU)

300

250

150

200

250

Preboundary Upstep

50

100

Pitch (Hz)

La li- -bé- -lu- -la a- -ma- -zó- -ni- -ca mi- -ra- -ba la be- -lla- -do- -na ve--ne- -no- -sa

La libélula amazónica miraba la belladona venenosa

28Sentence: Pers13_S4S

The amazonic dragonfly watched the poisonous b.

Time (s)0 3.073

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues

(5) ‘Hat’ contour (HC)HL-

regular downtrend

HLL+H* L+H* H+L*

downtrend

σ* σ* σ*pitch accents / L+H* L+H* H+L* /

29

/H-/ip boundarytones

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues(5) ‘Hat’ contour (HC)(5) Hat contour (HC)

250

100

150

200

50

100

Pitch (Hz)

Bár- -ba- -ra Du- -ar- -te Á- -la- -mo mi- -ra- -ba a Ve- -ró- -ni- -ca

Bárbara Duarte Álamo miraba a Verónica

30Sentence: Pers8_S9S

B. D. Á. used to look at V.

Time (s)0 2.376

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues

LH-(6) Complex boundary tone (CB)

regular downtrend

LHL+H* L+H* H+L*

downtrend

σ* σ* σ*pitch accents / L+H* L+H* H+L* /

31

/H-/ip boundarytones

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues(6) Complex boundary tone (CB)

250

L H-

150

200L

Complex Boundary Tone

75

100

Pitch (Hz)

Bár- -ba- -ra mi- -ra- -ba a Ve- -ró- -ni- -ca

Bárbara miraba a Verónica

32Sentence: Pers9_S7N

B. used to look at V.

Time (s)0 1.89

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues

CB

Frequencies of tonal boundary cues (in %)

SP SP

CB

cent

age)

CR CR(Per

c

ITALIAN

45.5

33

54.5

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.1 Tonal cues

tonal cue Sp_ToBI

(1) (CR) C ti ti Ri (L H*) H(1) (CR) Continuation Rise (L+H*) H-

(2) (SP) Sustained Pitch (L+H*) !H- / M-

(3) (PR) Pitch Reset _ (L+¡H*)

(4) (PU) Pre-boundary Upstep (L+¡H*)

/H-/( ) ( ) y p p ( ¡ ) _

(5) (HC) ‘Hat’ Contour (L+H*) HL-

(6) (CB) Complex Boundary tone (L+H*) LH(6) (CB) Complex Boundary tone (L+H*) LH-

● No pragmatic difference between the use of tonal cues within

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one variety (broad focus declaratives).● Different surface realizations of underlying /H-/.

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.2 Duration

Pre-boundary Lengthening (PBL, cf. Frota et al. 2007:135):Lengthening of the very last syllable before the boundaryLengthening of the very last syllable before the boundary● Italian: 100%● Peninsular Spanish: 40,2%Peninsular Spanish: 40,2%

Buenos Aires (BA) and Neuquén (NQN) SpanishComparison of [la] in target sentences (1, 2)● pre-boundary position

[ La libélula][S La libélula] …● non-boundary environment (IP-initial position)

[S La libélula ] …

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[S La libélula ] …

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.2 Duration

PBL of [la] in libélula

[l ] 116[la] 116msIP position

[la] 168msPre-boundaryPre boundary position

36

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.2 Duration

SVO BA SVOO BA

37

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.2 Duration

SVO NQN SVOO NQN

38

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.2 Duration

Buenos Aires (BA): PBL (76,5%)SVO: 70 1% (La libélula miraba a la belladona )SVO: 70,1% (La libélula miraba a la belladona.)SVOO: 82,3% (La libélula miraba a la belladona venenosa.)all: 76,5%a 6,5%

Neuquén (NQN): PBL (100%)SVO: 100%SVOO: 100%all: 100%all: 100%

39

PBL across varieties:IT (100%) > NQN.SP (100%) > BA.SP (76,5%) > ES.SP (40,2%)

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.3 Phrasing patterns

P t f h i tt i BA d

7080e

Percentages of phrasing patterns in BA and NQN Spanish

203040506070

erce

ntag

e

BA NQN(SVO) 30 64 24

01020

pe

(SVO) 30,64 24(S)(VO) 68,09 75,2(SV)(O) 0,43 0,6(S)( )(O)

40

(S)(V)(O) 0,85 0,2

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.3 Phrasing patterns

Percentages of phrasing patterns di t h t

90100

e

according to speech rate(n = normal; r = rapid)

304050607080

erce

ntag

e

BA_n BA_r NQN_n NQN_r(SVO) 18 43 9 39

01020pe

(SVO) 18 43 9 39(S)(VO) 79 57 90 60,6(SV)(O) 1 0 0,7 0,4(S)(V)(O) 2 0 0 3 0

41

(S)(V)(O) 2 0 0,3 0

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

3.2.3 Phrasing patterns

Percentages of phrasing patterns according to branchingness (normal speech rate)

80

100

120

age

g ( p )

40

60

80

perc

enta

SVO SVOO SSVO SSVOO SSVO SSVOO SVO SVOOO SSSVOSSSVOOO

0

20

OO

(SVO) BA 26 26 26 30 9 4 22 35 0 0

(S)(VO) BA 74 74 70 65 83 96 78 61 100 96

42

(SVO) NQN 24 24 0 4 0 0 16 16 0 4

(S)(VO) NQN 72 72 100 96 100 100 84 84 100 92

3. Phrasing: BA and NQN

The two Argentinean varieties (BA and NQN) exhibit bothPeninsular Spanish and Italian characteristics.● Tonal cues: Balanced relationship between continuation rise

(CR) and sustained pitch (SP) in both varieties (~ Italian), butlower percentages than in Italian due to the use of other boundary cuesboundary cues.

● Duration: In both varieties, PBL is more frequent than in Peninsular Spanish (BA: 76 5% NQN: 100% ~ Italian)Peninsular Spanish (BA: 76,5%, NQN: 100% ~ Italian).

● Phrasing patterns: BA (porteño) has a stronger tendency towards ‘Italian’ patterns i e higher frequency of (SVO)towards Italian patterns, i.e. higher frequency of (SVO).However, a pilot study on BA spontaneous speech reveals a higher percentage of (SVO) (45 5%) (Pešková et al 2009)

43

higher percentage of (SVO) (45,5%) (Pešková et al. 2009).

4. Concluding remarks

How to interpret the ‘Italian’ features?● The differences between BA and NQN are less significant

than one expect at first sight. Regardless of the (strong vs. weak) Italian influence, both varieties exhibit ‘Italian’ characteristics, even though to a different degree.

● ‘Italian’ features in BA: Audible traces of the massive immigration (Spanish/Italian bilingualism etc.)

● ‘Italian’ features in NQN: Constant spreading of porteño (BA), formerly an urban substandard of the capital, nowadays established as the Argentinean standard varietyestablished as the Argentinean standard variety.

Sp_ToBIDiff t f f d l i /H / [H ] [!H ] [HL ]

44

● Different surface cues of underlying /H-/: [H-], [!H-], [HL-] …● Proposal: Additional phonological tier.

¡MUCHÍSIMAS GRACIAS¡MUCHÍSIMAS GRACIASPOR SU ATENCIÓN!

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FORYOUR KIND ATTENTION!

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DĚKUJEME ZA VAŠI POZORNOST!

References

Aguilar, Lourdes / de la Mota, Carme / Prieto, Pilar (2009): Sp_ToBI. Training t i l htt // di b t/ t bi/ /i d hmaterials. http://prosodia.uab.cat/sp_tobi/ en/index.php.

Colantoni, Laura / Gurlekian, Jorge (2004): “Convergence and intonation. Historical evidence from Buenos Aires Spanish:” In: Bilingualism:Historical evidence from Buenos Aires Spanish: In: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7, 107-119.

D’Imperio, Mariapaola (2002): “Italian Intonation: An Overview and Some p , p ( )Questions.” In: Probus 14, 37-69.

D’Imperio, Mariapaola / Elordieta, Gorka / Frota, Sonia / Prieto, Pilar / Vigário, M i (2005) “I t ti l h i i R Th l f t tiMarina (2005): “Intonational phrasing in Romance: The role of syntactic and prosodic structure.” In: Frota, Sonia et al. (eds.): Prosodies. Berlin: De Gruyter, 59-98.

Frota, Sonia / D’Imperio, Mariapaola / Elordieta, Gorka / Prieto, Pilar / Vigário, Marina (2007): “The phonetics and phonology of intonational phrasing in R ” I P i t Pil t l ( d ) S t l d P di I i

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Romance.” In: Prieto, Pilar et al. (eds.): Segmental and Prosodic Issues in Romance Phonology. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 131-153.

References

Gabriel, Christoph / Feldhausen, Ingo / Pešková, Andrea / Colantoni, Laura / L S A / A V l i / L b tí L ld (2010) “B AiLee, Su-Ar / Arana, Valeria / Labastía, Leopoldo (2010): “Buenos Aires Spanish (Porteño)”. To appear in Prieto, P. (ed.): Transcription of Intonation of the Spanish Language. München: Lincom.

Vidal de Battini, Berta Elena (1964): El español de la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Consejo Nacional de Educación.

Pešková, Andrea / Feldhausen, Ingo / Gabriel, Christoph (2009): Prosodic phrasing in different focus constructions: the case of Porteño Spanish. Poster presented at PaPI 2009, June 17th, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.Poster presented at PaPI 2009, June 17th, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

Savino, Michelina (2009): Where is the Rise in Italian Yes-No Question Intonation? A Corpus-Based Study on Regional Accents. Poster presented at PaPI 2009, June 17th, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

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