PRESENTATION ON AR.WALTER GROUPIS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to our guide AR. ROOPALI for her exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout this presentation. The blessing, help and guidence given by her time time shall carry us a long way in the journey of life on which we are about to embark……

WALTER GROPIUS

HUMAN BRAIN IS LIKE UMBRELLA,IT WORKS WHEN IT IS OPEN….

_ WALTER GROPIUS

Biography of WalterGropius

EARLY LIFE

• Full name -GEORGE WALTER ADOLF GROPIUS.

• Born in Berlin 18 May 1883• He was the third child of Walter

Adolph Gropius and Manon Auguste Pauline Scharn weber.

• Earlier he was taught by his father.

EARLY EDUCATION• Educated in private elementary school• 1903 he left school and went to the Technical

University in Munich to study architecture.• Although he studied architecture in Berlin and Munich

(1903-1907), he received no degree.• Gropius could not draw, and was dependent on

collaborators and partner-interpreters throughout his career.

• In school an assistant is hired to complete his homework for him.

• 1904-1905 he served in the military, then went back to school.

• 1907 he left school without completion and went back to Berlin because of the death of his brother.

MARRIED LIFE• •Gropius married Alma Mahler(1879–1964),

widow of Gustav Mahler.• •Walter and Alma has a daughter, named

Manon.• •Manon died of polio at age eighteen.• •Gropius and Alma divorced in 1920.• •Alma had by that time established a

relationship with Franz Werfel, whom she later married.

• •In 1923 Gropius married Ise Frank, and they remained together until his death.

• •He adopted Beate Gropius, also known as Ati

INSPIRATION• •His father and his great-uncle Martin

Gropius were architect, that was why he wanted to become an architect from his childhood days.

• •inspired by William Morris.• •William Morris(24 March 1834 –3 October

1896) was an English textile designer, artist, writer, and socialist who founded a design firm and associated English Arts and Crafts Movement.

Thoughts of AR. Walter Gropius

THOUGHTS• For art is not a ‘profession’. There is

no essential difference between artist and the craftsman.

• The artist is the exalted craftsman……….

PHILOSOPHY• His phylosophy was based on MODERN

ARCHITECTURE. the modern architecture includes international style.

• The most common characteristics of International Style buildings are said to be: i. rectilinear forms; ii. light, taut plane surfaces that have been completely stripped of applied ornamentation and decoration; iii. open interior spaces; iv. a visually weightless quality engendered by the use of cantilever construction. Glass and steel, in combination with usually less visible reinforced concrete, are the characteristic materials of the construction

• He believed of industrialized building carried with it a belief in team work and an acceptance of standardization and prefabrication.

INTERNATIONAL STYLE/ ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

• Simple geometry often rectangular• Used of modern materials like steel

and glass• Smooth surface• Primary colours• Linear and horizontal elements

TECHNIQUE• This advocacy of industrialized

building carried with it a belief in team work and an acceptance of standardization and prefabrication.

• Using technology as a basis, he transformed building into a science of precise mathematical calculations.

• An important theorist and teacher, Gropius introduced a screen wall system that utilized a structural steel frame to support the floors and which allowed the external glass walls to continue without interruption.

FAMOUS WORKS OFWALTER GROPIUS

FAGUS FACTORY (ALFLED GERMANY)

• THE FAGUS FACTORY,A SHOE LAST FACTORY INALFELD IN GERMANY,IS AN IMPORTANT EXAMPLE OF EARLY MODERN ARCHITECTURE.

• IT WAS BUILT AT ALFELD–AN–DER–LEINE IN1911.

• IT WAS IN COLLABORATION WITH ADOLFMEYER.• MOST STRIKING THING: SIMPLICITY AND

CONFIDENCE OF THE ARCHITECTURE.

• INFAGUS WORKS,GROPIUS BROUGHT THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE PAST FIFTEEN YEARS.

• THE MAIN BUILDING CAN BE SEEN AS AN INVERSION OF THE TURBINE FACTORY.

• IT WAS DESIGNED BY GROPIUS KEEPING IN MIND THE SURROUNDINGS.

• IT WAS CALLED BY GROPIUS AN ARTISTIC AND PRACTICAL DESIGN.

• FAGUS BUILDING WAS THE FIRST TO EXTRACT THE FULL AESTHETICALLY REVOLUTIONARY IMPACT FROM THE STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT.

• FAGUS STRUCTURE WAS ACTUALLY A HYBRID CONSTRUCTION OF BRICK COLUMNS,STEELBEAM SAND CONCRETE FLOORS LABS AND STAIRWAYS.

• IT WAS A STEEL FRAME SUPPORTING THE FLOORS, GLASS SCREEN EXTERNAL WALLS.PILLARS ARE SET BEHIND THE FAÇADE SO THAT ITS CURTAIN CHARACTERISFULLY REALIZED.

PLAN;

ELEVATION;

CONSTRUCTUCTION SYSTEM

• The main building was erected on top of a structurally stable basement with flat caps. Non-reinforced (or compressed) concrete, mixed with pebble dashing was used for the basement walls, an unfortunate blend unable to support great individual loads.

• The ceilings were underpinned with a formwork shell and finished in rough-cast plaster on the services installation side. The floors were composed of planks on loose sleepers –that is, sleepers that were not fixed between the floor joists.

• Along the side of the building, 3-millimetre-thick steel plates sealed the wedge between window frame and piers.

DESIGN• Although constructed with different systems,

all of the buildings on the site give a common image and appear as a unified whole.

• The first one is the use of floor-to-ceiling glass windows on steel frames that go around the corners of the buildings without a visible (most of the time without any) structural support.

• The other unifying element is the use of brick.

BAUHAUS ARCHIVE(BERLIN)

•This is the museum of design that collects art pieces, items, documents and literature which relate to the Bauhaus School (1919–1933).•The Bauhaus Archive was founded 1960.•Gropius was asked to design it. In 1964. Berlin

• •He produced plans for a new museum in Darmstadt, which was prevented by local politics.

• •The foundation stone was finally laid in 1976 and the building was ready by 1979.

• •The necessary changes to the plan were carried out by his former colleague Alex Cvijanovic, in conjunction with the Berlin architect Hans Bandel.

PLAN;

SECTION;

ELEVATION;

MATERIALS AND FORMS• The building emphasized the direct and

honest use of materials as a functional design.

• The result was rectilinear architectural forms• structural components such as steel, glass

and concrete were used, directly and honestly, without trying to imitate any other way.

• The colourful metal columns placed at both ends of the ramp.

GROPHIUS HOUSE(Lincoln, Massachusett)

• The Gropius House was the family residence of Gropius.

• •It is now owned by Historic New England and is open to the public.

• •This house was his first architectural commission in the United States.

• •He designed it in 1937, when he came to teach at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design, and it was built in 1938.

• The house caused a sensation when built. In keeping with Bauhaus philosophy, every aspect of the house and its surrounding landscape was planned for maximum efficiency and simplicity.

• Gropius carefully sited the house to complement its New England habitat on a rise within an orchard of 90 apple trees.

• Gropius House mixes up the traditional materials of New England architecture (wood, brick, and fieldstone) with industrial materials such as glass block, acoustic plaster, and chrome banisters.

• •The house structure consists of a traditional New England post and beam wooden frame.

• •It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000.

STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS• The basement of the house was built

in stone, so it uproots a highest level of the ground level.

• Used for brick walls and wood, they are charging and are mostly lined or covered with plaster and wood slats on the front. Some brick walls were left with apparent view.

• The materials used were wooden tablets on the walls, brick, steel to the forges as stairs, pergolas, balustrades, columns and ornamental porches lined with sheet metal building, the foundation stone and flooring, as well as laminated glass for the woodwork and glass block to shed light on some points.

SOME OTHER EXAMPLES OF AR.WALTER GROPHIUS ARE;

- Siemensstadt Housing Estate- MetLife Building- Josephine M.Hagerty House

SIEMENSSTADT HOUSING STATE(eurasia, germany, western

estate)• •It is a non profit residential community in

the Charlottenburg - Wilmersdorf district of Berlin.

• •It is one of the six Modernist Housing Estates in Berlin recognized in July 2008 by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

METLIFE BUILDING(park avenue, New york)

• •The MetLife Building is a skyscraper.• •Built in 1958–63 as the Pan Am

Building, then headquarters of Pan American World Airways.

• •It is in collaboration with Emery Roth & Sons, Pietro Belluschi.

JOSEPHINE M.HAGERTY HOUSE(Massachett)

•Located a few feet from the shoreline, it was the first building in the United States commissioned from Gropius.• The house was built in 1938 and

added to the National Historic Register in 1997.

CONCLUSION• GROPIUS IS RECOGNIZED AS ONE OF THE

FOUR PIONEERS OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE,THE OTHERS BEING MIESVANDERROHE,FRANK LYOD WRIGHT ANDLE-CORBUSIER.

• GROPIUS WAS QUICK TO SEE THE ADVANTAGES OF ECONOMY IN THE BUILDINGS.

• GROPIUS WAS EXPERIMENTED IN HIS PROJECTS.

REFERRENCE• www.wikipedia.com• GROPIUS book by TASCHEN• BAUHAUS book by TASCHEN• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Walter_Gropius• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus_Factory• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_ Morris• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma _Mahler

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