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BahastraJurnal llmiah Bahasa dan Sastra

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Adrninistrasi dan Si rkulasi

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lzin Terbit

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/SSN

Percetakan

Rektor Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Jabrohim

Rina Ratih SriSudaryani

Sudarmini

:A.Yumartati, Nursisto, Kasiyarno, Umi Rokhyati, R.Muh.Ali, Nur Sahid,

Bustami Subhan, Adnan Zaid,

Tirto Suwondo, Jabrohim

Prof. Dr. Suminto A.Sayuti (UNY)

Prof. Dr. Sudiro Satoto (UNS)

Nuri Fanuddin

Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Jln. Pramu ka 42 Telp. 37 1 1 20 Yogyakarta e-mail :jurnal bahastra@gmail.com

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The Impo

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================ --Jumal Bahastra diterbitkan oleh Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta. Pengelolaan oleh Jurusan pendidikan

Bahasa dan Sastra lndonesia FKIP Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta. Terbit dua kali setahun. Jurnal inihanya memuat tulisan ilmiah, baik berupa hasil analisis, laporan penelitian, kajian dan penerapan teori,maupun pembahasan pustaka, dalam bidang bahasa dan sastra serta pengajarannya.

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Arnon Rotem (2010) wrote that an

architect needs to be familiar with a wide

range of technologies, methodologies,

undlrstand the software lifecycle, has design

experience, etc., which are categorized as

"hard skills". The hard skills are important'

However, it doesn't stop there if he/she wants

to be a good architect. Someone needs to

master "soft skills" such as leadership'

communication skills, and hunan relation'

It is important to develop language

learner's soft skills in order they are also ready

to become preferred emptroyees when they

graduated from university'--Ther€ are some

iays to build their soft skills up' One of the

ways is through learning process in the class

,oo* applying the Jigsaw learning model' Itprovides^ soft skills development to the

itudents through its activities.

What Are Soft Skills?

The MalaYsian Institute of Higher

Leaming interprets soft skills as incorporating

aspects of generic skills which include non-

academic sfitls such as leadership, teamwork,

communication, and lifelong learning

(Roselina,'2009)- Plotkin ( 2010 ) stated that

soft skills are beiug sensitive to the needs ofothers, wanting to be of service to others,

being courteous, being appreciative, being a

hard worker, being dependable, ffid being

honest. Soft skills are the conrbined product ofa person's aptitude and values.

Vast research and expert opinions have

been sought in the effort to determine the

specific toft tkillt to be implemented and used

il higher institution of learning. Roselina

(2009i identifies seven elements of soft skills''it.y ut (t) communication skills, (2) critical

thinting and problem solving skills, (3) team

work, (+; tlttong learning and information

management skills, (5) entrepreneurship skill,

(6) ettrics and professional moral, and (7)

leadership skill.

Ichsan and Ariyanti (2005), adapting S'

Obrein's Winning Characteristic, splits the

soft skills into slven aspects' They are: (1)

Communication skills, (2) Organizational

LLz

skills, (3) kadership, (4) Logic, (5) Effort, (6)

Group skills, aod (A Ethics which can be

abbreviated into one acronym: COLLEGE.

The first is communication skills'Communicatioo is a process whereby symbols

generated by people are received and proposed

to by other people ( Catchart and Samovar,

198ti: 252).\\ere are some elements involved

in communication, such as people, message,

channels, noise, contex! feedback, and effect

(Gamble, 1984: 8-11).

Ichsan and Ariyanti (2005) divides

communieation skills into two; oral and

written communication' Oral communication

skill has some branches such as personal

communication skills, presentation skills, and

group discussion skill. Some important

Eutot.t of a good personal communicator is

least ambiguity, courageous to ask for

clarification, and responsive to others' gesture

and intonation (Ichsan and Ariyanti, 2005)'

Presentation skill has a big role both in

academic and work environment. It becomes

essential when someone offers an idea or

reports a project progress. An excellent idea

may not attract others if it is not presented in agood *uy. An outstanding presenter always

Iott u sufficient preparation both content and

tools of presentation, starts the session

interestingly, hightrights the important points,

keeps eye contact with the audiences, and be

u*ut" of audience's gesture and intonation

(Ichsan and AriYanti, 2005).

Discussion will give some good

experiences to the students. The students willtearn that to be a good member of a discussion

requires courageousness to express an idea'

This will demonstrate his/her capability. It also

trains him/ her how to run a diseussion be on

the focus of the issue. A good member also

always takes notes on what have been

discussed (Ichsan and Ariyanti, 2005)'

Written communication has the same

pupose with oral communieation' It is also to

communicate an idea to others' The very

essential thing in rwitten communication is

how to convey an idea briefly and clearly' This

demands the students to enjoy writing

activities (Ichsan and Ariyanti, 2005)'

Bahastra Volume XXVI Nomo r 2,Maret1}!2

1

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and interpersonal skill. Team work indicates

otre's aUitlty to work together with various

background people, both social and cultural,

o acf,ieve mutuai objectives. To create a good

*noephere and relationship in the work

crrfum€nt, the members of community or

Sql of PeoPle should have mutual

-mdirg in belief, attitude, and behavior.

I-B U mtls in his book The Art ofIffi Pm) ffi smre features of an

ffi EFq d as clear missio4 informal

5qlrn; b ddl*nssim, active listening,

bt d .Fn6q aaryreemcst is OK,qtin ir fucaid' FYer Personal,

omrr iD ft G cftaiw kadershiP,

dfrrdrd.gE,fuvabEsmdnmstftrir,douflE

lropcrmt fitr rEeE b G's tritYo associre wilh dcts n b Hd a Sgodrelation wie dk$ Pres€rving a good

retationship wift otters is not easy. It requires

mutual fiust, mutual respec! and it takes time'

It will constuct not only a good relationship

with other but also couducive and beneficial

work atmosphere. Some means to buildinterpersonal skill effectiveness are: (1) no

judging, (2) stop complaining, (3) award

appieciation, (4) to bs sincere, (5) always

smile, (6) make someone else feel as an

important persor, and (7) ask and do not

instruct

The last element of soft skill is ethics'

Ethics is the branch of philosophy concemed

with the intent, means, and consequences ofmoral behavior (Manning and Curtis: 2003)'

Some qualities of being an ethics are (1)

attempting to satis$ others, (2) dedicated to

accomplish ideal objectives, (3) lifelong

learning, and (4) always endeavor to be the: best on every moment (Ichsan and Ariyanti,

20os)

Jigsaw Learning Model

Jigsaw is a cooperative learning strategy

that has been used for about forly years' This

technique was invented in 1971 by Professor

Elliot Aronson and his graduate students from

the University of Texas (Error! Hyperlinkreference not valid.). It provides students

LL4

with an opportunity to actively help each otherin their learning. Each student is assigned to a'home gtoups' and an 'exPert group'

consisting of members from different home

groups. Students meet in their expert group to

discuss specific ideas or solve problems. They

then turn to their home SouP, where allmembers share their expert knowledge(http ://www. lkdsb.net/program/elementary/intermediate/di/files).

The procedure of The Jigsaw method are

as follow: First, students are divided up intogroups. The numter in each group depends on

the number of subtopics. It is namely o'home

Soup" or "original groud'. Second, each

member of the group is assigned a section orportion of the material. Next, each student

meeB with the members of the other groups

wto bave the same assigned section formingm expert grol+. Now they are in o'expert

golry". Thia{ the expert group learns the

materiat together and decides on how to teach

the material to the original groups. Then,

stutlents return to their original groups, whose

members are each now an expert in one of the

different areas of the topics being studied, and

teach their area of expertise to the other group

members. In the end, a quiz is given. At that

time no team members may help each other.

The Jigsaw learning model can be used

to cover a large amount of material quickly, to

intoduce students to different perspectives on

a topic, to introduce topics and create interest,

and as a research strategy. In language classes,

there are many subjects such as Vocabulary,Reading Comprehension, Inffoduction toEnglish Literature History, English Business

Letter, etc. can apply the Jigsaw learning

model.

Soft Skills Development Through Jigsaw

The following ParagraPhs

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explanation how the activities in the Jigsaw

*odtt leaming can develop students' soft

skills.

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Bahastra Volume XXVI Nomor 2,Marel2At2

face various characteristics of colleagues andthey will learn the art of leadership and how tobe a good leader.

4. Logic

During the long steps of Jigsaw, studentsmay find some problems. The problems maybe either internal or extemal problems. Theycan be problem in commuuication, problem inhilding a good teamwork, or problem andquesim grven by the lecturer. A simpleFekm My alt€r to be a soptristicated

FrffEm. As wclt, a sophisticared problem maybG ff Gasily by a grEat problem solver. In- - rayr, fu rtuderc my deralq freir skiltsi h b tG 1q c-rcdleril pIsl€m solver. Anrt rLfu rdy ths to solve fuffitur fitftg Am mdermding mdffig fu pdlem, th'r mdden@ 6€rehEs, ilFqffiBring tte roA rc, chocing a$trliqq, md trnslty irylemmiry ir Aproblem solver lrd creaivity. To riseEedivity, tbe sEdents shouH be ope&minde4 optimistic, imaginative, and havinghigh curiosity.

5. Effon

A class has more then twenty students,let's say. They have various backgrounds andcharacteristics. Some are infiovert the othersare extrovert. Some are 'easy going', theothers are 'too careful' students. These maycause a problem in communication. Thosewho have assertiveness, psychologically, willface no dilemma. Those who haven't been ableto be assertive possibly find some diffrcultiesin building communication. This type ofstudents will never free from such thisproblem if they never change their styles to bean assertive persons.

Jigsaw will give the students much moreopportunities to interact intensely with variousbackgrounds of personalities. It means thatthey will have more chance to learn to beassertive. It is not easy to do, but they will feelmore convenient after practicing it. Thelecturer should encourage the students to beassertive.

Including effort is lifelong learning. It isrelated to the independency in leaming.Although Jigsaw is a cooperative learning, itrequires students to be independent. To have agood discussion, where all members are activeand not dominated by certain limited member,every of them should participate in sharingideas, responding questions, etc. It demandsthe students to be independent in searchinginformation, managing it efficiently, andshming it to the others.

6. Group Skills

Some activities in the Jigsaw demand thestudents to work in tearn; starting activities ofgrouping, discussion in the home and expertgfoup.They will meet and work with differentcharact€ristics and qualities people at least inthose two groups. They work together in theteams to achieve mutual objectives. Toachiwe the objectives they have to form asolkl team work- They will leam how to createa good atuosphere and relationship in theirgroups, how to be good listeners, how to formtnrst and openness.unong them, etc.

Interpersonal skills of the students in thegroups may become the vital factor to build asolid team work. For example, when they arediscussing a topic and one of them sharingideas, the quality of their interpersonal skillswill detennine how they give responses. Willthey appreciatq judge, or complain thespeaker? It depends on their interpersonalskill. Intensive interaction and team work willpush them for developing their interpersonalskill.

7. EthicsEthics here means qualities of being

ethics such as attempting to satisff others,dedicated to accomplish ideal objectives,lifetong learning, and always endeavor to bethe best on every occasion. These excellentqualities should be embedded in every studentif they want to have a successful Jigsaw. Ifmost students attempt to be the best in theactivities by being active, independent,cooperative, and try to communicate in a goodway, the Jigsaw activities will award manyadvantages to the students. They will take and

Bahastra Volume XXVI Nomor 2, Maret 2012

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Shanna, O,P" (2008). The power of youremotion (terj.).yoryakarta: DIVAPress.

Shakir Roselina. (2OOg).Soft skills at the , , :

,Malaysian insti-tutes of higher leaming.Asia pacific education review. 309 _ -315.

Shmerling, l"rh. (1996). Communication int!? W*t place; Melbourne: MacmillanEducation Australia pTy;

i .,!

ii' iBahastra V'olume XXVItt8

Nornor'2, Marct