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g . b]zdf hlt klg kl/jt{g ePsf 5g\ oL ;a} lzIffs} pkh x'g\ . To;}n] ;du| /fi6«sf] pGgogdf lzIffsf] ckl/xfo{tf 5 . cfh lj1fgsf If]qdf ;'wf/ ug{'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . To;}n] d'n'sdf lzIffsf] cfjZostf ;jf{]kl/ ePsfn] cfhsf] lzIff u'0f:t/Lo, hLjgf]kof]uL / Jojxf/d'vL agfpg' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 .g]kfndf lzIff k|bfg u/fpgsf nflu ljleGg gf/f lnP/ g]kfn ;/sf/ cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . t/ ;/sf/sf] PSn} kxnn] of] ;Dej ePg . d'n'sdf u'0f:t/Lo / cGt/f{i6«o ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;lsg] lzIffsf] vf]hL ub}{ s}of}+ ljBfyL{x¿ ljb]lzg yfn] . b]zsf] ;Ifd / bIf hgzlQmsf] ljb]zlt/ cfsif{0f al9/x]sf] a]nfdf /fHon] s'g} ;f]r agfpg ;s]g . g t of]hgf g} sfof{Gjog

ug{ ;Sof] . o; kl/l:yltn] ›lje"t eP/ cfkm\gf] b]zdf ljb]lzg] wg/fzL hDdf ug]{ / ljBfyL{nfO{ cGo d'n's;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] lzIff lbg] clek|fon] lghL ljBfno :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . jf:tjdf lghL ljBfnosf] :yfkgf /x/n] xf]Og afWotfn] ePsf] atfpF5g\, lzIffsdL{x¿ . …lghL ljBfnon] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k|bfg u/fpgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu xft]dfnf] ub}{ cufl9 a9]sf] 5 . of] ;/sf/sf] gLlt, lgod, lgb]{lzsfdf /x]/ lzIffsf] ljsf;df ;f/ly ag]sf] 5 . t/ /fHon] lghL ljBfnonfO{ h'g ¿kdf x]g{'kg]{ xf] cyf{t\ ;Ddfg ug{'kg]{ xf] To;f] ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . a? cg]s k|sf/sf ;f:tL v]Kg afWo agfPsf] 5 .Ú PgKofJ;g eQmk'/sf cWoIf hLaL v8\sf / sfe|]sf cWoIf ch'{g a~hf/f eG5g\ .b]zdf ePsf ljleGg kl/jt{gdf klg lghL ljBfnon] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg cf/f]x cj/f]xnfO{ kf/ ub}{ lghL ljBfno o; cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf] 5 . h:tf];'s} ljifd kl/l:yltdf klg lghL ljBfnon] cfkm\gf] ceLi6 nIo k"/f u/]s} 5 . t/ klg /fHosf] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . a? lghL ljBfnon] lbPsf] lzIffaf6 k|efljt eO{ hgtfsf] cfsif{0f lbgfg'lbg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . lghL ljBfnon] ;/sf/åf/f ;~rflnt ;/sf/L ljBfnosf] cfwf lx:;f cf]u6]sf] bfaL ljBfno ;~rfnsx¿sf] 5 . …;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] ef/ v]lklbPsf] 5 . To;}n] of] cj:yf;Dd cfOk'Ubf lghL ljBfnon] ljleGg r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{'k/]sf] 5 . ptf cleefjsx¿ cfkm\gf ;Gtfgsf] eljiosf] af/]df lrlGtt ePsf] cj:yf 5 . cleefjs cfkm\gf] cfDbfgLsf] dxTjk"0f{ c+z lzIffdf vr{ ug{ afWo ePsf 5g\ . t/ tL afnaflnsfx¿ ;do ;'xfpFbf] lzIff kfpgaf6 al~rt ePsf 5g\ . ;dosf] dfu / cleefjssf] rfxgfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ lghL ljBfnox¿ lzIff k|bfg ug{ pBt 5g\ .Ú PgKofJ;gsf jl/i7 pkfWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ clwsf/L eG5g\ .pgn] lghL ljBfnon] pTkfbg u/]sf ljBfyL{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o:t/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] ePsf] atfP . …lghL ljBfnonfO{ wgLsf] :s"n, wgL cleefjssf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] k9\g] :s"n,

ljBfyL{ cefjdf g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ljBfno aGb x'g] qmd al9/x]sf] a]nf ?jf08fdf eg] To;sf] ljk/Lt lghL ljBfno aGb x'g] qmddf 5 . ljBfyL{ cefjdf ljBfyL{ sd x'Fbf aGb x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ . ?jf08fsf ;fd"bflos / ;/sf/L ljBfnodf ljBfyL{sf] cfsif{0f a9\b} hfFbf lghL ljBfno aGb x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf x'g\ .lghL ljBfno ;~rfnsx¿n] ;/sf/;dIf cg'bfg lbgsf nflu cfu|x u/] klg ;/sf/n] pgLx¿sf] cfu|x c:jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f lghL ljBfnox¿ aGb x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf x'g\ .ToxfFsf] ;/sf/n] !@ jif]{ cfwf/e"t lzIff gLlt NofP;Fu} lghL ljBfno w/fkdf k/]sf x'g\ .ToxfFsf] lzIff dGqfno cg';f/ ToxfFsf ;fd"bflos ljBfnodf lzIf0f ;fdu|L, tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ a9fOFb}5 . ;fy} :s'nsf] z'Nsdf klg ef/L s6f}tL ul/Fb}5 .h;n] ubf{ #) eGbf lghL ljBfnox¿ o; jif}{ aGb x'g] ePsf x'g\ . ;fy} cGo lghL ljBfnox¿ klg ljBfyL{ gkfpg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf x'g\ . clxn] lghL

?jf08fdf ;fd"bflos ljBfno /fd|f] x'Fbf lghL ljBfno w/fkdf

ljBfnox¿ ;~rfng vr{ ;d]t wfGg g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ .?jf08fdf ! xhf/ %&% :s'ndWo] hDdf $^) j6f ;/sf/L :s'n 5g\ . afFsL wfld{s ;+:yfx¿n] ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] ^@) :s'n Sofyf]lns rr{, @&( :s'n Pªlnsfg rr{, @@ j6f ljBfno P8\e]lG6:6 rr{ / !^ j6f ljBfno d'l:ndn] rnfPsf 5g\ . To:t} !&* ljBfno cleefjs ;+3 tyf lghL nufgLdf ;~rfngdf cfPsf 5g\ .?jf08fdf w]/} h;f] :s'nx¿ lghL nufgLdf vf]lnPsf 5g\ . tYof+s cg';f/ lghL :s'ndf ;g\ @)!@ df ! nfv ! xhf/ %!) ljBfyL{ /x]sf]df ;g\ @)!^ ;Dd 36]/ &( xhf/ &^ ljBfyL{ k'u]sf lyP .

5

cfj/0f

rsf{] z'Ns lng] :s"n eGb} cg]s nf~5gf nufP klg Tof] jf:tljstf xf]Og .Ú /fHon] ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] Pp6f ljBfyL{ pTkfbg ug{ nufPsf] nufgLeGbf lghL ljBfnodf k9\g] ljBfyL{sf] nufgL sd 5 . t/ cleefjssf] k|ToIf nufgL nfu]sfn] lghL ljBfno dx+uf] b]lvP tfklg ;fd'bflos ljBfno a9L vlr{nf] / dx+uf] 5 . lghL ljBfno ;~rfnsx¿sf] klg ljZn]if0f 5 . …clxn] ljBfyL{sf] :t/ dfkg ug]{ P;O{O{ k/LIffnfO{ dfq klg pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . ;fob o; d'n'sdf lghL ljBfnosf] nufgL / sfo{ut s'zntf geOlbPsf] eP P;O{O{ k/LIffsf] kl/0ffd s] lg:sg] lyof] <Ú k|ltk|Zg ub}{ eg], …oxfFaf6 pTkflbt ljBfyL{ d'n'ssf] h'g;'s} If]qdf klg ;lhn} laSg / leHg ;S5g\ . To;}n] /fHon] lghL ljBfnonfO{ ;f}t]nf] Jojxf/ xf]Og glhssf] lxt}ifL / 3/s} ;b:osf] Jojxf/ ug{'k5{ .Úclxn] g]kfndf lghL ljBfnosf] ;+Vof gf} xhf/ /x]sf] 5 eg] ljBfnodf cWoog/t ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof s/La @) nfv /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ljBfnodf k7gkf7g u/fpg] lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof Ps nfv %) xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . s/La %–^ ca{ ?lkofFsf] cfly{s kl/rfng eO{ cfPsf] 5 . o; cfFs8fnfO{ x]bf{ /fHosf] olt 7"nf] ef/ lghL ljBfnon] yfd]sf] b]lvG5 . ca /fHon] slt k|ltzt ljBfyL{nfO{ cfkm\gf] 5ftfd'lg /fv]sf] 5 t < of] ;f]rgLo s'/f xf] . olt w]/} ljBfno / ljBfyL{nfO{ ;docg';f/sf] lzIff, lzIfs / sd{rf/LnfO{ /f]huf/ lbO{ a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:ofnfO{ s]xL xb;Dd Go"gLs/0f ug{' lghL ljBfnosf] sfo{ d'n'ssf nflu uj{sf] s'/f xf] .…;fFRr} of] d'n'sdf lghL ljBfnosf]

clxn] g]kfndf lghL ljBfnosf] ;+Vof gf} xhf/ /x]sf] 5 eg] ljBfnodf cWoog/t ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof s/La @) nfv /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ljBfnodf k7gkf7g u/fpg] lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof Ps nfv %) xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . s/La %–^ ca{ ?lkofFsf] cfly{s kl/rfng eO{ cfPsf] 5 .

lzIffdf lghLs/0f g/f]lsP s] x'G5 < o;f] eG5 kl5Nnf] cWoog k|ltj]bglzIffdf al9/x]sf] lghLs/0f / Jofkf/Ls/0fn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] lbuf] ljsf; nIosf u'0f:t/Lo / ;j{;'ne lzIff;DaGwL sfo{;"rLsf] sfof{Gjogdf afwf pTkGg x'g] @^ c;f]hdf sf7df8f}+df ;fj{hlgs lzIff;DaGwL Ps cWoog k|ltj]bgn] cf}+NofPsf] 5 .Ph's]zg OG6/g]zgn -OcfO{_sf nflu 8f k|df]b e§ / km]/fnL 6Ln] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf tof/ kf/]sf] …g]kfnsf] lzIffdf lghLs/0fsf] 9fFrfÚ;DaGwL cWoogdf ;g\ !(*) cufl8 g]kfndf slt klg g/x]sf] lghL ljBfnox¿n] clxn] k|fylds txdf cWoog ug]{ s'n ljBfyL{sf] !%=# k|ltzt, lgDg dfWolds txdf !^=@ k|ltzt / dfWolds txdf !(=# k|ltzt ljBfyL{ ;d]l6/x]sf] pNn]v 5 . lghL If]qaf6 ;~rfngdf cfPsf ljBfnon] lbg] lzIff ;]jfeGbf gfkmfaf6 k|]l/t /x]sf] eGb} lzIff P]gdf lghL ljBfnox¿ sDkgL P]gdf btf{ ug{ kfpg] k|fjwfg ul/Psf]n] lzIffsf] Jofkf/ df}nfPsf] k|ltj]bgdf :ki6 kfl/Psf] 5 .k|ltj]bgdf lghL lzIff If]qsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg / ;fj{hlgs lzIffdf nufgL a9fpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . lghL If]q qmdzM lj:tf/ ePsf lzIff If]qdf juL{o vf8n a9\g] lgrf]8 cWoogsf] /x]sf] 5 .z}lIfs 6«]8 o'lgogsdL{sf] e"ldsfaf/] 5nkmn ug{ Ph's]zg OG6/g]zgn -OcfO{_sf] Plzof k|zfGt If]qLo cf7f}F ;Dd]ngsf] clGtd lbg ;f] cWoog ;fj{hlgs ub}{ lzIff /fHodGqL z]ifgfy clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/n] lzIffdf !) k|ltztaf6 ah]6 j[l4 u/]/ !% ;Dd k'of{pg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/] . ;+3Lotfsf] dd{cg';f/ gofF lzIff gLlt th{'df ug{ pRr:t/Lo lzIff cfof]un] sfd ul//x]sf] klg pgn] atfP .OcfO{sf dxf;lrj k|m]8 efg lno'j]gn] ;Dd]ngn] lzIffdf lghLs/0fsf k|lts"n c;/af/] cWoogn] 5nkmnsf nflu d'2fx¿ cl3 ;f/]sf] atfP . g]kfn;lxt ljZjsf sl/a #% d'n'ssf lzIfs, lzIffnosf sd{rf/L / /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfosf k|ltlglw ;xefuL ;Dd]ngsf] pkk|wfgdGqL uf]kfndfg >]i7n] pb\3f6g u/]sf lyP .…6«fG;kmld{ª Plzof Kofl;lkms M Ph's]zg o'lgog 8«fOleª Ph's]zg @)#) Ph]08fÚ ljifosf] ;f] tLglbg] ;Dd]ngsf cj;/df OcfO{sf ;b:o ;+:yfx¿ g]kfn /fli6«o lzIfs ;+u7gsf cWoIf afa'/fd yfkf, g]kfn lzIfs ;+3sf dxf;lrj /fh]G› kf}8]n / ;+:yfut ljBfno lzIfs o'lgogsf cWoIf d's'Gb uf}tdn] ;fj{hlgs lzIffdf nufgL a9fpg dfu ub}{ lzIf0f k]zfnfO{ Jofj;flos agfpg] af/]sf !) a"Fb] k|lta4tfkq ;fj{hlgs u/] .;+ljwfgtM lzIff;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt u/] klg x/]s jif{ lzIffsf] ah]6 3l6/x]sf]df sfo{qmddf z}lIfs ;+u7gx¿n] lrGtf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . cf=j= @)!! df !(=% k|ltzt k'u]sf] lzIffsf] ah]6 36]/ cf=j @)!& df (=*! k|ltzt k'Ug' b'Mvb /x]sf] g]kfn /fli6«o lzIfs ;+u7gsf dxf;lrj nId0f zdf{n] atfP .

lzIffdf lghLs/0f gug{ Pl;ofnL ;~hfnsf] ;'emfjlghLs/0fnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/P ;fdflhs / cfly{s lje]b cem a9]/ hfg] wf/0ff /fVb} lzIff;DaGwL Pl;of k|zfGt If]qdf sfo{/t gful/s ;~hfnn] /fHon] ;fd'bflos ljBfnodflysf] nufgL a9fpg ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 . …lzIffdf ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/LÚ ;DaGwL 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf nflu g]kfn cfPsf …Pl;of–;fpy Kofl;lkms P;f]l;P;g km/ a]l;s PG8 P8N6 Ph's];gÚsf ljz]if1 /]g] /fon] kqsf/;Fu s'/f ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o cWoog / cg'ejn] lzIffdf lghLs/0f / Jofkf/Ls/0f x'g gx'g]df hf]8 lbP .pgn] lzIffsf] kx'Frdf cfpg afFsL /x]sf / u'0f:t/Lo lzIff ckgfPsfnfO{ ;]jf ug]{ sfd ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] ePsf] pNn]v u/] . ;f] ;~hfndf #) d'n'ssf @)) ;b:o ;+:yf 5g\ . ;a}sf nflu lzIff;DaGwL ljZjJofkL cg'udg k|ltj]bg p4[t ub}{ /]g]n] eg], …To:tf] s'g} k|df0f 5}g hxfF lghL ljBfnosf] l;h{gzLntfsf sf/0f u'0f:t/Lo lzIffnfO{ of]ubfg k'u]sf] xf];\ .Ú

5

6

cfj/0f

:yfkgf geOlbPsf] eP /fHon] oL ljBfyL{nfO{ cfkm\gf] 5ftfd'lg /fVg ;SYof] xf]nf t < oL lzIfs sd{rf/LnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] lyof] t <Ú k|Zg uDeL/ eP klg /fHon] To;af/]df ;f]Rg g;Sbf b'Mv dgfp u5{g\, eQmk'/sf] P;P; ;bgsf k|c d's]z of]~hg . …o:tf] kl/l:yltdf ;/sf/n] lghL ljBfnodf cWofkg/t lzIfs sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnddf ;xefuL u/fO k7gkf7gnfO{ cem u'0f:t/Lo agfpg]tkm{ nfUg'k5{ . To;}n] lghL ljBfnosf] b]gnfO{ p;n] a'‰g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . g t d"Nof+sg g} ug{ ;s]sf] 5 .Ú pgsf] u'gf;f] 5 .otf lghL ljBfnon] cfkm\gf] dfq k|ult rfx]sf] b]lvFb}g . o;n] cfkm" PSn} xf]Og ;fy} cufl8 a9f}F eGb} win-win sf] l;4fGtnfO{ c+lusf/ u/]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] k7gkf7gdf Tolt 7"nf] kl/df0fdf nufgL nfu]sf] ljBfnosf] z}lIfs cj:yfnfO{ s;/L dha't agfpg] eGg] af/]df lghL ljBfnon] of]hgf agfPsf] 5 . lghL

æu'0ffTds lzIffdf pTs[i6tfM xfd|f] k|ltj4tfÚÚ gf/f;lxt lrtjgsf] ;f}/fxfdf cfof]hgf x'g nfu]sf] /fli6«o lghL tyf cfjf;Lo P;f]l;o;g g]kfn

-Pg KofA;g_ sf] 5}7f}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf] eJo ;kmntfsf] nflu xflb{s z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}F .



ch'{g aGhf/fcWoIftyf

sfe|] g]zgn KofA;g kl/jf/

lbn axfb/ v8\sfcWoIftyf

hfh/sf]6 g]zgn KofA;g kl/jf/

xflb{s z'esfdgf xflb{s z'esfdgf

ljBfnon] …k|fOe]6, klJns kf6\g/l;kÚ sf] cjwf/0ff NofPsf] 5 . /fHon] tL of]hgf / cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;'Gg rfxFb}g . a? lghL ljBfnosf] ktg s;/L u/fpg ;lsG5 eGg] of]hgf agfpg vf]H5 . lghL ljBfnosf] ktg u/fpgsf nflu slxn] cgfjZos s/sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg yfN5 eg] slxn] lje]bsf/L gLlt h;cGtu{t $% k|ltzt cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf u/L pRr lzIff cWoog ugf{sf nflu lghL ljBfnodf cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ al~rt u/fpFF5 clg slxn] ljBfno juL{s/0f t slxn] ljBfnonfO{ ;xsf/Ldf n}hfg] lg0f{o u5{ . …Pp6fnfO{ ;/sf/L ljBfnodf k9]s} sf/0f $% k|ltzt 5fqa[lQ ;'/lIft x'g' / csf]{n] lghL ljBfnodf k9]s} sf/0f $% k|ltzt 5fqa[lQaf6 al~rt x'g' eg]sf] ;/f;/ lghL ljBfnodfly s}+rL rnfPh:t} xf] . o:tf] gLlt u0ftflGqs d'n'sdf s;}sf nflu dfGo xF'b}g . o:tf] lje]bsf/L gLlt clanDa vf/]h ul/g'k5{ .Ú pgLx¿sf] dfu 5 .

cfhsf] ;Gbe{df ljZj ;'xfpFbf], ljBfyL{n] rfx]sf], d'n'sn] vf]h]sf] lzIff lbg] cleef/f af]s]sf] ljBfnosf ¿kdf lghL ljBfno b]lvPsf 5g\ . clg ;fd'bflos ljBfno;Fu xft]dfnf] ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] of]hgf agfpg' cfjZos 5 . ca /fHon] lghL ljBfnonfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/]/ b]zsf] z}lIfs :t/nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ u/fpg] vfnsf] lzIff k|bfg u/fpgsf nflu cfwf/e"t ;xof]u ug{' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . cfkm\g} nufgLdf :yflkt ePsf lghL ljBfnon] klg s/La #% k|ltzt ljBfyL{nfO{ ljleGg zLif{sdf 5fqa[lQ k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . ul/j, h]x]Gbf/, åGåkLl8t, dlxnf, hghflt, blnt, l;dfGts[th:tf ljleGg gfddf pgLx¿n] lgMz'Ns lzIff kfO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . /fHon] lghL ljBfnosf] o;k|sf/ Tofu, ;]jf, ;xof]u / pbf/tfsf] ;Ddfg ug{'k5{ . cfkm\gf of]hgfdf lghL ljBfno tyf lzIfs sd{rf/LnfO{ k|f]T;fxg:j¿k k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ug{'k5{ . w

7

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>4f, elQm / ;Dk"0f{ t/fO{sf] ;femf ;f+:s[lts k|ltlaDasf] ¿kdf 57 kj{ dgfOG5 . ;To / clx+;fk|lt dfgjsf] ?lr a9fpg] / ;a} hLjk|lt ;xfg'e"lt /fVg clek|]l/t ug]{ t/fO{jf;Lsf] dxfg\ rf8 xf], 57 kj{ . t/fO{sf ;a} hfthfltn] ;femf ¿kdf dgfpg] o; kj{sf] ljz]iftf xf] . ;"o{ pkf;gf k/Dk/fsf] df]xs k4lt dflgPsf] ;+;f/df oxL Ps o:tf] kj{ xf] h;df c:tfpFbf] / pbfpFbf] ;"o{nfO{ k"hf ul/G5 . o; kj{df rflxg] efF8fs'F8f j:t'hftsf] aGbf]a:t t/fO{df Ps dlxgf cufl8b]lv g} ug{ yflnG5 .ljz]if u/]/ t/fO{jf;Ln] sflQs z'SnkIfdf dgfpg] of] kj{ rf/ lbg;Dd dgfOG5 . sflQs dlxgfsf] rf}yLb]lv j|tfn' eO{ of] kj{ dgfpg ;'? ul/G5 / ;KtdLsf] laxfg of] kj{sf] ;dfkg ul/G5 .klxnf] lbg cyf{t\ rt'yL{sf lbgnfO{ …c/af–c/afOgÚ jf gxfg vfg eGg] ul/Psf] 5 . of] lbgdf j|tfn'x¿n] vf]nf, gfnf, gbL, kf]v/L / tnfpnufotsf hnfzodf uO{ g'xfOw'jfO{ u/]/ z'4 eO{ rf]vf] vfgf vfg] u5{g\ . j|tLn] ef]hgdf df5fdf;', n;'g, Kofh / sf]bf] h:tf] j:t' kl/Tofu u/L o;} lbgb]lv j|t a:g yfN5g\ . of] lbgnfO{ j|tfn'x¿n] cfFvf klg eGg] u5{g\ .k~rdL ltly -bf];|f] lbg_ nfO{ …v/gfÚ -;+/If0f cyf{t\ kfksf] Ifo_ elgG5 . v/gf 57 kj{sf] cl3Nnf] lbg ePsfn] of] lbg j|tfn'x¿ lbgel/ lgh{nf j|t a:5g\ / ;fFem kv g'xfP/ rf]vf] eO{ cfˆgf] s'n b]jtf :yfkgf u/]sf] k"hf sf]7fdf gofF r'nf] :yfkgf u/L k|;fb agfpg] ul/G5 . k|;fbsf ¿kdf ljz]if u/L kfs]sf] s]/f / vL/nfO{ lng] ul/G5 . To;kl5 ufO{sf] uf]a/n] lnkkf]t u/L c/af rfdnsf] lk7f]af6 tof/ kfl/Psf] emf]nn] e"ld ;'zf]let u/]/ j|tLn] /flt rG›f]bokl5 rG›dfnfO{ kfo; -vL/_ r9fO{ ;f]xL k|;fb u|x0f u5{g\ . o; lbgkl5 j|tLn] k"0f{ j|t lng'kb{5 .ifi7Lsf lbg -t];|f] lbg_ ux'F / rfdn cf]vn, hfFtf] jf l9sLdf s'6fg–lk;fg u/L To;af6 lg:s]sf] lk7f]af6 ljleGg u'lnof]

vfB ;fdu|L agfOG5 . 57 k"hfsf ;fdu|L tof/ kfbf{ ljz]if rgfvf] x'g'k5{ . k"hfsf ;fdu|L rf]vf] / z'4 x'g'kb{5, h'7f] x'g uPdf clgi6 x'g] hgljZjf; 5 . To;}n] k"hf ;fdu|L tof/ kfbf{ dlxnfn] >4fk"j{s uLt ufpg] u5{g\ .s]/jf h km/n 3p/; jf]k/ ;'uf d8/fo .df/af} /] ;'ujf wg'if; ;'uf lu/] d'/emfo ..57 dftfnfO{ r9fpg] kmnkm"n h'7f] x'g'x'Fb}g . 57 dftfnfO{ r9fpg] s]/f ;'ufn] gvfpmFg\ eg]/ uLtaf6} ;r]t u/fpg vf]lhPsf] 5 . ;f]xL lbg cGgafx]s kmnkm"n, 7s'cf, e';jf, vh'/L, k]?lsof tyf d'nf, ufh/, a];f/sf] ufF7f], Hofld/, gl/jn, ;'Gtnf, s]/f, gfª\nf], sf]lgof, ;/af, 9fsg, df6f]sf] xfyL 7"nf] 9SsLdf /fvL kl/jf/sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ljleGg elQm Pjd\ nf]suLt ufpFb} lgwf{l/t hnfzo;Dd k'Ug] u5{g\ . o; cj;/df j|tfn' dlxnfn] >4fk"j{s ufpg] u5{g\ –xftaf d] km"njf s] 8lnof, 57 k"hg hfo .57L d}of xf]Oa ;xfo, 57 k"hg hfo .. -xftdf km"nsf] 8fnf] lnP/ 57L d}ofsf] k"hfsf nflu uO/x]sf 5f}F, 57L dftf xfdLdfly ljz]if s[kf agfO/fVg' xf]nf ._lgwf{l/t hnfzodf k'u]/ kl/sf/x¿ hnfzosf] lsgf/df /fVg'cl3 To; 7fpF / k"hf ;fdu|LnfO{ j|tLn] kfFrk6s ;fi6fË b08jt u5{g\ . To; 7fpFnfO{ kljq kfg{ kl/jf/sf ;b:on] klxn] g} tflGqs k4ltcg'¿k …cl/kg lrqÚ sf]/]sf x'G5g\ .To;kl5 j|tLn] ;GWofsfnLg cyf{t\ c:tfpg nfu]sf] ;"o{nfO{ k|;fb:j¿k c3{ lbg kfgLdf k;]/ ;"o{ c:tfpGh]n;Dd cf/fwgf ug]{ u5{g\ . o; qmddf j|tLn] b'j} xTs]nfdf …lk7f/Ú / l;Gb"/nufP/ cIftf km"n xfn]/ cGo c3{ ;fdu|L kfnf]kfnf] u/L c:tfrnufdL ;"o{nfO{ ck{0f u/]/ l8ndf cfpg] u5{g\ .kj{sf] rf}yf] lbg -clGtd lbg_ nfO{ kf/g -kfj{0f_ elgG5 . o; lbg laxfg piffsfndf j|t lng]x¿ k'gM hnfzodf k'uL cl3Nnf] lbg u/]sf] qmd bf]xf]¥ofO{ k|ftMsfnLg ;"o{nfO{ c3{ lbO{ kj{sf]

;dfkg ul/G5 .c3{ ;DkGg ePkl5 ;"o{ k'/f0f >j0f ug]{ rng 5 . j|tLn] 57 j|tsf] syf ;'G5g\ / ;'gfpF5g\ . o; kj{df oyf;Dej 6'Kkf]df kft ePsf] rf/j6f pv'nfO{ uf8]/ To;leq k"hf ug]{ rng klg /x]sf] 5 . k|ftMsfnLg c3{df bLk dfnfn] ;lhPsf hnfzodf ck"j{sf] cg'e"lt klg k|fKt x'G5 .dxfef/tsf cg';f/ ›f]kbL;lxt kf08jx¿ c1ftjf;df /xFbf pQm u'Ktjf; ;kmn xf];\ egL ;"o{b]jnfO{ cf/fwgf u/]sf lyP . pQm ;dodf kf08jx¿ ldlynfsf] lj/f6 /fhfsf If]qdf af; a;]sf] pNn]v 5 . nf]ssyg adf]lhd ;f]xL ;dob]lv 57 dgfpg] k/Dk/fsf] yfngL ePsf] xf] . ;"o{ k'/f0fcg';f/ ;j{k|yd clqd'lgsL kTgL cg';'ofn] 57 j|t u/]sL lyOg\ . kmn:j¿k pgn] c6n ;f}efUo / kltk|]d k|fKt ul/g\ / ToxL a]nfb]lv …57 kj{Ú dgfpg] k/Dk/fsf] ;'?jft ePsf] tYo pNn]v 5 .;+;f/sf ;Dk"0f{ ef}lts ljsf; ;"o{dfly g} cfwfl/t 5g\ . ltgsf] zlQmlagf ?v, la?jf, jg:klt, k|f0fL, hLjhGt' s;}sf] klg cl:tTj /xg ;Sb}g . ;"o{ ls/0fsf] lrlsT;fdfly s}ofF} lrlsT;sn] u|Gy n]v]sf] kfOG5 . ;"o{sf] ls/0fjf6 s}of}F c;fWo tyf cIfo /f]usf] cfZro{hgs pkrf/;d]t vf]lhPsf] 5 .;fDj k'/f0fdf cfˆg} lktf >Ls[i0f tyf dxlif{ b'jf{;fsf] ;/fkåf/f s'i7/f]uaf6 kLl8t ;fDj ;"o{sf] cf/fwgfsf] kmn:j¿k /f]u d'Qm x'g uPsf] eGg] rrf{ 5 .57 kj{df j|t u/] b'Mv / bl/›tfaf6 d'lQm kfOG5 eGg] hgljZjf; 5 . o;df em'Kkf–em'Kkf kmnx¿ r9fpFbf ;"o{ b]ptf k|zGg eO{ j|tLsf s'6'Da;lxt ;a} ;Gtfgsf] enf] x'G5 eGg] dfGotf 5 . o; kj{df hf] j|t a:g ;Sb}g p;n] csf]{ j|t ug]{af6 j|t u/fpg] u5{g\ . cfly{s cefjdf leIff dfu]/} eP klg of] kj{ dflg;x¿ dgfpg] u5{g\ .w

57 kj{df j|t u/] b'Mv / bl/b|tfaf6 d'lQm kfOG5 eGg] hgljZjf; 5 . o;df em'Kkf–em'Kkf kmnx¿ r9fpFbf ;"o{ b]ptf k|zGg eO{ j|tLsf s'6'Da;lxt ;a} ;Gtfgsf] enf] x'G5 eGg] dfGotf 5 .

18

cfh x/]s lzIfs tyf cleefjsx¿ s;/L cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/L tyf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k9\g rfxg] tyf k9\g ;Sg] agfpg] eGg] ljifodf lrlGtt b]lvG5g\

. ;fwf/0ftof afnaflnsfx¿ k9\g n]Vg dg gug{] t klxn]b]lv g} xf] t/ clxn] 6]lnlehg, df]afOn, sDKo'6/ tyf 6\ofan]6sf] cfudgn] lo ;d:ofx¿ cem a9L b]vf kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . rfvnfUbf / l5gl5gd} km]l/g] syf j:t' x]g{ kfOg] sf6'{gsf] /+lug rnlrq x]g]{ afgL tyf dg} n7\ofpg] u]d df]afOndf v]Ng kfOg] x'Fbf afnaflnsfx¿ k9fO n]vfOeGbf klg sDKo'6/, df]afOn tyf 6]lnlehgsf] kl5 nfu]sf x'G5g\ . csf]{ lt/ afnaflnsfx¿

p2]ZoM afnaflnsfsf] k9fOsf nflu rflxg] l;ksf] ljsf;, k9\gnfO{ pTk]|/0ff tyf u'0ffTds ;do latfpg]pd]/M @ b]lv !) jif{sf afnaflnsfsf] lglDt ljz]if k|efjsf/L;doM lgoldt ¿kdf !% b]lv #) hlt;fdu|LM /+uLg lrq ePsf syfsf lstfj

;Fu;Fu} k9fO (shared reading)

cleefjsn] klg k9\g} k5{

xfd|f Zofd :j]t af]l/ª lstfa tyf p2]ZoljxLg u[xsfo{ b]v]/ lt s;/L gug]{ eGg] axfgf vf]Hg yfN5g\ . / To;sf/0fn] 3/df tyf ljBfnodf afnaflnsf tyf lzIfs, cleefjssf] ;DaGwdf tgfa a9fpFb} 5 .

k"j{ k|fylds tyf k|fylds txsf xfdL lzIfs tyf cleefjsx¿n] clxn] s;/L afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ l;Sg] OR5f gdf/Lsg k9\g tyf n]Vg ;xfotf ug]{ / afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ eljiodf rflxg] Ps]8]lds tyf Jofjxfl/s l;kx¿sf] ljsf; u/fpg] eGg] ljifodf lrlGtt 5f}F . o;sfnflu Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ tl/sf eg]sf] ;Fu;Fu} k9fO tyf shared reading xf] . ;Fu;Fu} k9fO (shared reading) @ b]lv !) jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsf;Fu ug{ k|efjsf/L x'G5 . of] s'/f 3/df cleefjs tyf :s'ndf lzIfsn] afnaflnsf;Fu lgoldt ¿kdf ubf{ afnaflnsfx¿sf] af}l4s tyf ;Dj]ufTds ljsf;df w]/} ;xfotf k'Ub5 .

@ b]lv $ jif{sf afnaflnsfx¿ ev{/} dfq Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg ;Sg] ePsf x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f rf/ jif{eGbf cuf8L cleefjs tyf lzIfsn] afnaflnsfsf lglDt syf elglbg] tyf kl9lbg'sf ;fy;fy} ToxfF ePsf lrq b]vfP/ lrqsf] af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ ubf{ afnaflnsfdf ;'g]sf] s'/f a'‰g], Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg ;Sg] tyf lstfj tyf k9fOdf rfv lbg] x'G5g\ .

$ b]lv ^ jif{sf afnaflnsfx¿n] cj la:tf/} cIf/, zAb tyf jfSo k9\g tyf lrGg Wofg lbg] x'Fbf o; ;dodf afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIfs tyf cleefjsn] b}lgs ¿kdf syf elglbg], kl9lbg] ;fy;fy} syfdf cfPsf s]lx zAb tyf jfSof+zx¿ ;Fu} k9\gfn] pgLx¿sf] k9\g] afgL tyf Ifdtfsf] a[l4 x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nfluf tnsf] lrqdf b]vfPemF}, syf k9\bf k9\b} bf]xf]¥ofP/ cfpg] x/kmx¿ k9\g nufpg] . oxfF xfdL b]Vg ;S5f}F, g]kfnLdf k9\bf æb'v]sf] lyof]Æ tyf c+u|]hLdf "Hurt" afnaflnsfnfO{ k9\g nufpg ;lsG5 .

o;sf ;fy} afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ syf kl9;s]kl5 s]lx zAbx¿ sxfF 5g eg]/ vf]Hg nufpg ;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu tnsf] lrqdf b]vfPem}F syf afnaflnsfnfO{ s's'/, ;'+u'/, la/fnf] tyf 8fS6/ h:tf zAbx¿ vf]h]/ b]vfpg pTk|]l/t ugf{n] pgLx¿sf] zAb lrGg], vf]Hg] tyf k9\g] l;ksf] ljsf; x'G5 . olb English c+u|]hL k9fpg] xf] eg] pig, dog, cat, doctor h:tf zAbx¿ vf]h]/ k9\g nufpg ;lsG5 .

lktfDj/ g]pkfg]lzIfs tflnd ljefu k|d'v, O;LO;L

19

safas

syfsf] af/]df 5nkmn klg ug'{ w]/} /fd|f] x'G5 . pbx/0fsf] nflu olb xfdLn] tnsf] syf k9\of}F eg] afnaflnsfnfO{ lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg ;lsG5M afv|fn] lsg d2t u/]sf] xf]nf < s's'/sf] xft s] eP/ b'v]sf] xf]nf < o:tf k|Zgx¿ Ps csf{nfO ;f]Wg], ;'Gg], pt/ lbg], 5nkmn ug]{ ubf{ k9]sf] s'/f a'em]/ pQ/ lbg] l;ksf] ljsf; x'G5 .

^ jif{ eGbf dflysf afnaflnsfx¿;Fu rfxL shared reading cem k|efjsf/L tyf la:t[t tyf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ug{ ;lsG5 . olta]nfsf w]/} h;f] afnaflnsfx¿n] 7DofP/ slg slg k9\g yfln;s]sf x'G5g\ . w]/} cleefjsx¿n] of] pd]/df ug]{ uNtL eg]sf] ltdLnfO{ k9\g cfpF5, cfkm} k9 eg]/ 5f]8\g] . afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm} km// k9\g ;Sg] eO;s]sf x'Fb}gg\ / slg slg k9]sf] s'/f a'‰g / k9fOsf] dhf lng ;Sb}gg\ . To;sf/0f cleefjs tyf lzIfsn] afnaflnsf;Fu (÷!) jif{ ;Dd shared reading ug{ cfjZos 5 . syf k9\bf cfwf cfwf k9\g klg /fd|f] x'G5 o; pd]/df, tn pbfx/0f lbPem} afnsnfO{ ! k]h k9\g nufpg] cfkm"n] csf]{ k]h k9\g], km]/L afnsnfO{ csf]{ k]h k9\g nufpg] .

o;}u/L lgDg s[ofsnfkx¿ ubf{ of] k|efjsf/L x'G5M dfly eg] emF} syfsf] af/]df 5nkmn, syfsf/sf] af/]df 5nkmn, s'g rl/q /fd|f] nfUof]< lsg< ltdL of] syfnfO{ cem rfv nfUbf] / /fd|f] agfpg s;/L o;sf] cGTo u5f}{ < cflb OToflb . d}n] ut % jif{b]lv lgoldt ¿kdf d]/L 5f]/L;Fu dfly plNnlvt tl/sfaf6 shared reading ub}{ cfPsf] 5' . o;n] pgsf] k9fO l;ksf] ljsf;, tyf lstfjk|lt rfv a9fpg], cfˆgf s'/fx¿ tfls{s ¿kdf lg8/tfsf ;fy /fVg], k9]sf] s'/f

yk hfgsf/Lsf] nflu M gf]l6;af]8{ g+= !^!* )&))& !!!!! df 8fon u/L ;'Gg ;Sg' x'g]5 . pNn]lvt dxz'n b/df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgodfg';f/ nfUg] s/ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g .

@)&$ ;fnsf] j8f bz}+, z'e bLkfjnL, 57 kj{tyf g]kfn ;Djt\sf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{ u|fxs ju{df

xflb{s dª\undo z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

a'em]/ cfkm} pQ/ lbg ;Sg] tyf cfTdljZjf; a9fpg ;xfotf k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

xfdL x/]s cleefjs tyf lzIfsn] afnaflnsf;Fu lgoldt ¿kdf ;do latfpg] tyf shared reading ug]{ afgL u¥of}F eg] xfd|f afnaflnsfx¿sf] l8lh6n ldl8ofdf Wofg sd hfg], k7g l;k tyf cfTdljZjf;sf] ljsf; w]/} x'G5 .

$ b]lv ^ jif{sf afnaflnsfx¿n] cj la:tf/} cIf/, zAb tyf jfSo k9\g tyf lrGg Wofg

lbg] x'Fbf o; ;dodf afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIfs tyf cleefjsn] b}lgs ¿kdf syf elglbg],

kl9lbg] ;fy;fy} syfdf cfPsf s]lx zAb tyf jfSof+zx¿ ;Fu} k9\gfn] pgLx¿sf] k9\g] afgL

tyf Ifdtfsf] a[l4 x'G5 .

20

g]kfn ;/sf/;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

e|i6rf/LnfO{ lt/:sf/ / OdfGbf/LnfO{ k'/:sf/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; u/f}+

3"; lng] / lbg] b'j} plQs} bf]ifL x'g\ .

21


xflb{s z'esfdgf

k|sfz kf08];+:yfks

tyf

/f];L PS;Sn'l;e O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'ns~rgk'/


xflb{s z'esfdgf

a|h]Gb| ld>;+:yfks lk|lG;kn

tyf

;ef]{bo O+lUn; af]l8{ª :s'nhgsk'/—*, /dfgGb rf]s


xflb{s z'esfdgf

s}nfnL g]zgn KofA;gs'n k|;fb e§

cWoIfpk]Gb| cj:yL

pkfWoIfr'8fd0fL a'9fyf]sL

pkfWoIf

/fh]Gb| rfkfufO{;lrj

nlnt ;fp8;x—;lrj

a?0f lji6sf]iffWoIf

ho/fd aGbf/f;x—sf]iffWoIf/fda]6L /fgf

;b:o/fd rGb| cfrfo{

;b:o

dx]z s'df/ hf]zL;b:o

Zofd sfsL{;b:o

l8=cf/= /]UdLk|d'v ;Nnfxsf//fwf zdf{ emf

;Nnfxsf/

Ps 3/ Ps /f];d» xf]:6]nsf] ;'ljwf» Jojl:yt k':tsfno» lj1fg k|of]uzfnfsf] Jo:yf» e"sDk/lxt ljBfno ejg» oftfoft ;'ljwf» zfGt jftfj/0f ;fy} dG6]:j/L

lzIf0f k4lt

/f];d O+lUn; af]l8{ª :s'n -P;=8L= ;]s]G8/L :s'n_kf08'ahf/, eQmk'/, ;Dks{M (*$(!&^$(^, (*%!!&^$(^E-mail: [email protected] URL: www. rosamschool.com

;'ljwf

22

ljrf/d~r

lghL ljBfnox¿sf] Pp6f 5ftf ;+u7g Pg KofA;gsf] /fli6«o dxflwj]zg oxL sflt{s !& ut]b]lv !( ut];Dd lrtjgsf] ;f}/fxfdf x'g] to ePsf] 5 . o;n] b]ze/Lsf Pg KofA;gdf cfj4 ;b:o ljBfnox¿df Ps lsl;dsf] pT;fxsf] ;+rf/ ePsf] 5 . ;a}sf] cgluGtL OR5f rfxgf / ck]Iff klg

5g\ . xfdLn] ljleGg lhNnfdf lj:tfl/t Pg KofA;gsf cWoIfx¿nfO{ …dxflwj]zgaf6 s] ck]Iff ug'{x'G5<Ú egL lh1f;f /fv]sf lyof}F . k|fKt ck]Iff / ;'emfjx¿ g'jfuLsf] sflt{s c+sdf ;d]6]sf 5f}F .

ch'{g aGhf/fcWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g sfe|]

O{= as' zfxcWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g ;Kt/L

a'4 lu/LcWoIfg]zgn KofA;g alb{of

lh=jL= v8\sfcWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g eQmk'/

d'n'se/ ;+rflnt ;+:yfut ljBfnox¿sf] 5ftf ;+u7g, PgKofA;g lghL:t/af6 lzIff If]qdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgnfO{ Jojl:yt, dof{lbt / o;;Fu cfj4 ;a}sf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ tyf ;dofg's'n b]

lvg] r'gf}tLx¿sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Ifd cfPsf] 5 . PgKofA;gsf] cf;Gg dxflwj]zgaf6 xfdL ;xefuL k|ltlgwLx¿n] lgDg ljwfx¿df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;kmn x'g ;sf}F egL PgKofA;g sfe|] lhNnf ck]Iff /fVb5 . » /fHon] b]vfPsf] lje]bsf/L gLltsf] cGTo ug{ » ljBfnosf] ;Dklt / :jfldTjsf] ljifodf b]lvPsf] cGof}nsf]

cGTo ug{ » PgKofA;gsf] nflu ;a} If]qdf 3/ hUuf vl/b ug{ sf]if a[l4

ug{ » z'Ns lgwf{/0fdf hl6ntf ;dfwfg ug{

/fd|f] / ;zQm JolQmn] casf] g]t[Tj ug'{k5{ . h;n] xfd|f] ;+u7gnfO{ alnof] agfcf];\, lzIff lgodfjnLdf lghL ljBfnosf] jsfnt ug{ ;sf];\ . lzIff s/ ldgfx ug'{ k¥of], $% k|ltzt cf/If0f l;6 vf/]

h ug'{k5{ . ;/sf/n] lghL ljBfnonfO{ !) k|ltzt ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqj[lQ b]p eG5 t/ ToxL !) k|ltzt 5fqj[lQdf k9]sf] ljBfyL{n] $% k|ltzt cf/If0fl;6df efu lng kfpFb}gg\ . lghL ljBfnodf k9]sf ul/j, blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ cGofo eof] . of] ljifodf casf] g]t[Tjn] ;/sf/;Fu ax; ug'{k5{ .

casf] g]t[Tjn] 5fqj[lQdf ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . ;/sf/L ljBfnonfO{ 5fqj[lQ lbg] / lghL ljBfnonfO{ glbg] cGofosf] lj?4df n8\g' kb{5 . casf] g]t[Tjsf] lhDdf p;n] kfpg' k5{ hf] lghL ljBfnosf] xs lxtsf] nflu n8\g tof/

x'G5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] Pp6f gful/snfO{ b'O{ k|sf/n] x]5{ . lghL ljBfnodf k9\g] aRrfnfO{ k/fO Jojxf/ ub}{ cfPsf] ;/sf/;Fu To;sf] lj?4df n8\g ;Sg] k|ltlgwL cjsf] dxflwj]zgn] lbg' k5{ .

g]kfnsf] ko{6sLo If]q lrtjgsf] ;f}/fxfdf ;DkGg x'g] g]zgn KofA;gsf] 5}7f}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg xfdL g]zgn KofA;lgi6sf nflu Ps d]nf xf] . b]ze/sf g]zgn KofA;g;Fu cfa4 ;+:yfsf

k|ltlgwLx¿, lzIffljb\, tyf kqsf/x¿sf] hd36 xf] of] / o;n] /fHosf] z}lIfs pGgogdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng]5 . ;+:yfsf ljut / cfufdL lbgsf jf/]df ;DalGwt JolQmx¿;Fu 5nkmn / cGt/s[of clg cfufdL lbgsf nflu c;n sfo{ ;ldlt rog o; e]nfaf6 ul/g]5 . dxflwj]zgnfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ s]Gb|, lhNnf / ;b:o ljBfnosf] ;fd"lxs k|of; cfjZos 5 . dxflwj]zgnfO{ r':t, b'?:t / k|efjsf/L agfpg d ;DalGwt kIfx¿nfO{ cg'/f]w ub{5' . of] dxflwj]zg l;h{gfTds / lgdf{0ffTds x'g'sf ;fy} Pstfsf] k|tLs aGg' k5{ . /fHosf] Psnf}6L gLltlgodn] ubf{ bzsf}+ ljtfO;s]sf] ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] cndlnPsf] ofqfn] ult kfpg' k5{ eGg] p2]Zo o; e]nfsf] /xg'k5{ . /fHodf cfˆgf] bl/nf] pkl:ylt hgfpg ;kmn lghL lzIffnfO{ ;f]xL cg'¿ksf] :yfg lbnfpg of] dxflwj]zg sf]z]9'ª\uf] ;fljt aGg' k5{ . To;}n], o; e]nfdf lzIffsf ljut, jt{dfg / eljiosf jf/]df 5nkmn ub}{ To;df xfd|f] ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf / :yfg vf]hL ug{ ;s]df af}l4s JolQmsf] o; hdftsf] sb/ eljiodf x'g]5 .…;+:sf/hGo lzIffdf, cfw'lgstd k|of]u / g]zgn KofA;gsf] :yfgÚ 5]6f}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf] jx;sf] ljifo agf];\ / aGg'k5{ eGg] ck]Iff;lxt dxflwj]zg ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' .

O{= an axfb'/ 7s'NnfcWoIfg]zgn KofA;g c5fd

of] dxflwj]zgn] o:tf] lsl;dsf] g]t[Tj kfcf];\ h;n] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lghL ljBfnodflysf] b[li6sf]0fdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofcf];\ . ;fy} lghL ljBfnosf sfd / lqmofsnfkdf cgfjZos x:tIf]k aGb ug{ ;sf];\ .

23

rGb| gf/fo0f d08ncWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g wg'iff

wd]{Gb| df]QmfgcWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g bf]nvf

k|bLk s'df/ ltjf/LcWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g l;/fxf

k|sfz u}/]cWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g slknj:t'

cf]d axfb'/ tGbgcWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g u'NdL

gf/fo0f /fhynf cWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g dsjfgk'/

casf] dxflwj]zgn] s'zn g]t[Tjsf] rog xf];\ . h;n] xfd|f] ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] ljljw ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;sf];\ . ;/sf/n] xfdLnfO{ e]befjsf] b[li6n] s/sf] bfo/f Pj+ 5fqj[lQdf xfdLnfO{ ;xefuL gu/fpg] k|j[lQn]

xfd|f] cfGbf]ngdf hfg' kg]{ jfWotf cfPsf] 5 . casf] g]t[Tjn] ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] lk/ dsf{ a'em]/ cuf8L a9\g ;Sg] x'g'k¥of] . casf] dxflwj]zgdf xfdL To:tf] g]t[Tj rfxG5f}F . $% k|ltzt 5fqj[lQsf] s'/f, ! k|ltzt lzIff z'Nssf ljifodf ;/sf/;Fu ax; ug{ ;Sg] casf] g]t[Tj x'g'kb{5 .

z}lIfs ljs[lt / lj;+ultsf] cGTosf] nflu casf] dxflwj]zg x'g'kb{5 . b]zdf b]vfk/]sf c/fhstfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ Pj+ hNbf] aNbf], ;do;fk]If lzIff, u'0f:tLo lzIff lbP/ b]zdf bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ casf] g]t[Tj cfpg' kof]{ .

dxflwj]zg x'g cTofjZos 5 . gofF kl/jt{gsf] ;+3f/df /fli6«o dxflwj]zgn] lghL ljBfnosf] oyfy{, aRrf k9fpg cleefjssf] /f]hfOdf lghL ljBfno g} kg]{ u/]sf] xfnsf] cj:yfdf xfdL s] xf}F / xfdL sxfF 5f}F< ;/sf/n] s:tf]

:yfgdf /fv]sf] 5 / jf:tjdf xfdL s:tf] :yfgdf 5f}F eGg] s'/fx¿sf] lgSof}{n ug{ 5}7f}+ dxflwj]zgdf Jofks 5nkmn xf];\ . dxflwj]zg ;Eo / eJo ?kdf ;DkGg xf];\ eGg] sfdgf ub{5' .

g]zgn KofA;g eg]sf] lghL ljBfnox¿sf] xslxtsf] nflu n8\g] 5ftf ;+u7g xf] . o;n] lzIff If]qnfO{ 7"nf] prfO{df nu]/ cGt/f{li6«o hutdf g]kfnsf] klxrfg agfpgdf ;kmn ePsf] 5 . g]zgn KofA;gsf] e"ldsf ef]lnsf] lbgdf s] x'g ;S5< of]

;dfhsf] nflu, of] b]zsf] afnaflnsfsf] nflu, o'jfx¿sf] nflu, lzIfsx¿sf] nflu, nufgLstf{x¿sf] xslxtsf] nflu s;/L o;n] eljio to u5{< eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f cjsf] dxflwj]zgn] ug]{5 .

casf] dxflwj]zgn] clxn]sf]eGbf /fd|f] g]t[Tj kfcf];\ . b]zel/ km}lnPsf lghL ljBfno / ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿nfO{ h;/L 5'6\6f 5'6\6} lx;fan] x]l/GYof] clxn] :yfgLo tx x'Fb} ubf{v]/L xfdLx¿n] /fli6«o lghL ljBfnon] 5}7f}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]

zg ub}{ ubf{ ;/sf/n] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf ;dfgtf xf]; eGg rfxG5' . k|To]s :yfgLo txnfO{ ;dfg / ;Ddfg efjn] Jojxf/ ul/of]; eGg] rfxG5' .

clxn];Dd ;/sf/sf] gLltlgod h;/L cfO/fv]sf] 5, To;df s]lGb|o ;ldltn] kxn ubf{ klg ;/sf/n] s]xL Wofg glbPsf] cj:yf 5 . slDtdf klg lghL :t/df vf]lnPsf lghL ljBfnox¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] lbg'kg]{ ;xof]ux¿, cg'bfgx¿

h'g ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿n] kfO/fv]sf 5g\ Tof] gkfO/fv]sf] cj:yf 5 . lhNnf lzIff sfof{no cGtu{t x'g] lqmofsnfkx¿df klg xfdL lghL ljBfnonfO{ ;xefuLtf u/fOof];\ .

ljrf/d~r

24

k|sfz s'df/ lg/f}nfcWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g wgs'6f

/fhg s'df/ 5f/fxfªcWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g df]/ª

/fds[i0f la=s=cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g tgx'F

eLd axfb'/ a'9fyf]sLcWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g bfª

s'df/ k|;fb clwsf/L cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g pbok'/

lbn axfb'/ v8\sfcWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g, hfh/sf]6

u0f]z /fO{cWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g, ;'g;/L

sdn yfkfcWoIf,cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g, ;Nofg

casf] dxflwj]zgaf6 ;an / ;Ifd g]t[Tj cfpg' k¥of] . lghL ljBfnox¿sf] ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{ af6f]df cu|;/ x'g] g]t[Tj kfpg' k¥of] . ljBfno lzIffdf r/d cGof}ntfsf] l:ylt 5 . cfpg] sfo{;ldltn] To;nfO{ lrg{ ;sf];\ .

5}7f}+ dxflwj]zg cfkm}df Pp6f P]ltxfl;s kj{ xf] . dxflwj]zgdf Pp6f gofF ;+/rgf agfP/ ;a} hgfdf Ps¿ktf NofP/, ;fyLx¿aLr dgd'tfa gx'g] u/L k|ltlgwL 5fGg] dfxf]n agf];\ / ;a} lhNnfaf6 Tof] vfnsf] of]ubfg xf];\ eGg] rfxgf 5 . ;a}

nfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpg ;Sg] ;+/rgf agfpg ;lsof];\ . /fd|f], ;s[o, ultzLn JolQmTjx¿sf] sfo{;ldlt agf];\ eGg] d]/f] z'esfdgf .

5}7f}+ dxflwj]zg g]zgn KofA;gsf] dxfg kj{ xf] . o;nfO{ ;a} ldn]/ ;DkGg ug'{ ;a}sf] bfloTj xf] . ;+:yfut ljBfnodf b]lvPsf ;d:of, ;/sf/sf] gLlt dxflwj]zgsf] d'Vo ljifoa:t' /xg] 5 . ;+:yfut ljBfno;Fu hf]l8Psf lzIff lgodfjnLb]

lv lnP/ To;sf u'0f:t/, ;/sf/sf] ?rLsf s'/f of] dxflwj]zgdf 5nkmn xf];\ .

dxflwj]zgn] ;Ifd g]t[Tj rog ug{ ;sf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf . r'gfjeGbf lg ;xdltdf ;Ifd, ;an, ;+u7gnfO{ xfSg ;Sg] g]t[Tj rog ug{ ;sf];\ . bfª lhNnfn] ;se/ r'gfjL k|lqmofdf eGbf ;xdltdf hfg'k5{ eGg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

casf] dxflwj]zgn] gofF lbzflgb]{z lbG5 eg]/ xfdLn] dx;'; u/]sf 5f}F . ca cfpg] g]t[Tjn] ;do ;fk]If lzIffnfO{ Psbd /fd|f];Fun] cuf8L a9fP/ k|To]s k|b]zdf cfˆgf] k|ltlgwL hgfP/ lzIff If]qdf /fd|f] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ dx;'; xfdLn] ul//x]

sf 5f}F . lghL ljBfnosf] xslxtsf] nflu casf] g]t[Tj ;s[o ¿kdf nfU5 eGg] cfzf u/]sf 5f}F .

ca x'g] g]zgn KofA;gsf] k|ltlgwL c;n, ;zQm vfnsf] rog x'g' kb{5 . b'u{d lhNnfdf lghL ljBfno ;+rfng ug{ c;xh 5, To;nfO{ ;xh agfpg casf] g]t[Tjn] ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . ;+u7g cGtu{tsf ljBfnox¿df cfOkg]{ ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf]

nflu ljBfnon] ;xof]u dfu]sf] avt ;xL tl/sfn], ;zQm 9Ën], l56f] 5l/6f] 9Ën] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] JolQmsf] vfFrf] b]V5' . ;+u7g agfP/ dfq cf}lrTo x'Fb}g, sfof{Gjogsf] lbzf k|i6 x'g'kb{5 .

dxflwj]zgsf] ;kmntfsf] nflu ;a} lhNnfsf] k|ltlgwLx¿sf] ;lqmo ;xefuLtf x'g'kof]{ . casf] g]t[Tj o:tf] cfpg' kof]{ h;n] cfˆgf] :jfy{sf] nflu geP/ ;+u7gsf] nflu s]xL u5'{ eGg] xf];\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghL ljBfnonfO{ Joj;fosf] ¿kdf x]

l//x]sf 5g\, of] ;f]rnfO{ abNg ;Sg'kb{5 . lghL ljBfnon] b]zsf] nflu of]ubfg ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f ljZj:t kfg{ ;Sg' k¥of] .

of] clwj]zgdf On]S;g eGbf klg ;]n]S;g xf];\ eGg] rfxG5' . 8fOgflds JolQm h;n] g]zgn KofA;gnfO{ cem prfO{df k'¥ofpg ;sf];\ To:tf] g]t[Tj cfcf];\ eGg] rfxG5' . To;sf] nflu xfdL 5'6\6f 5'6\6} 7fpFdf a;]/ k|b]z—k|b]zsf] klg ;+of]hg

u/]/ Pp6f k"j{ r'gfj h:tf] ul//x]sf] 5f}F . s;sf] kIfdf slt dt k5{ To;nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ hfg] / r'gfj gug]{ ;f]rdf 5f}F / ToxL g} xfd|f] ;'emfj x'g]5 .

25

z/b e08f/LcWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g ;'v]{t

s[i0f k|;fb bfxfn cWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g wflbª

;+lhj /fO{ cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g emfkf

v8\u axfb'/ yfkf cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g b}n]v

casf] dxflwj]zgdf xfd|f] Pp6} dfq dfu r'gfj/lxt ;j{;Ddt s'zn g]t[Tj rog u/]sf] x]g{ rfxG5f}F . casf] g]t[Tjn] ;du| g]kfndf lghL ljBfnosf] xslxtsf] nflu dfq xf]Og ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs hutsf] z}lIfs kf7\oqmd kl/dflh{t ug{

;Sg] x'g'kof]{ . ;/sf/sf] lghL ljBfnok|lt x]g]{ x]kfxf b[li6df kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Sg] / lghL ljBfno / ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;Ddfg cj;/ lbnfpg ;Sg] cjsf] g]t[Tj x'g' k¥of] .

Pg KofA;g eg]sf] /fi6«df u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ vf]lnPsf] ;+u7g xf] . ca cfpg] PgKofA;gsf] gofF sfo{;ldltn] b]zsf] lzIff If]qdf u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ ;lqmo ¿kdf sfd u/f];\ . lghL lzIff If]qsf] :yfloTjnfO{ sfod ug{ ;/

sf/;dIf xfd|f] s'/f /flvof];\ . lghL If]qsf] nflu ;xL lgb]{zg cyjf ;xL sfg"gsf] lgjf{x ug{ o;n] ;/sf/nfO{ 3R3Rofjf];\ eGg] xfdL rfxG5f}F .

casf] PgKofA;gsf] 5}7f}+ dxflwj]zgn] r'Gg] gofF g]t[Tj alnof] / bl/nf] x'g k¥of] . lghL ljBfnosf] xslxtsf nflu n8\g] ;xL g]t[Tj cfpg'k¥of] . lghL ljBfnox¿sf] w]/} ;d:ofx¿ 5g\, cg]s ;+s6af6 u'lh|/x]

sf 5g\ . o;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{ Psbd h'emf? lsl;dsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] rog xf];\ eGg] xfd|f] z'esfdgf . Pg KofA;gsf] 5}7f}+ clwj]zgaf6 cfpg] gofF s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] xfd|f] ;Nnfx ;'emfjnfO{ sfof{Gjog u5{ eGg] k"0f{ ¿kdf ck]Iff /fv]sf 5f}F .

d'Vo ¿kdf o;nfO{ KofA;g / PgKofA;gsf] Pp6f ;dfgfGt/ z}lIfs Pzf]l;ogsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug'{ k5{ eGg] d]/f] ;'emfj /xg]5 . ;/sf/sf] Pp6f gofF b[li6sf]0f /xf];\ . clwsf+z ;/sf/L z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿n] k|bfg ug{ g;s]sf] u'0f:t/Lo lzIff

lbg lghL ljBfnox¿n] h'g k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 To;sf] sb/ ug]{ ;/sf/L dfxf}n agf];\ . ;du| b]zsf] lzIff ;'wf/df ;/sf/L lgsfosf] /fd|f] ;Nnfx ;'emfj /xf];\ eGg] ck]Iff ub{5' .

lji0f' k/fh'nL cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g sf7df08f}F

ef]h axfb'/ syfotcWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g 8f]6L

;j{k|yd t lghL ljBfnosf] 5ftf ;+u7g PgKofA;gsf] dxflwj]zg ;kmntfsf] ;fy ;DkGg xf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' . dxflwj]zg eg]sf] xfd|f] nflu rf8 xf] . of] ;Eo / eAo x'g'k5{ eGg]df b'O{ dt /x]g . of] dxflwj]zg x'Fb}}

ubf{ lglZrt ¿kdf o;n] s]lx Ph]08f agfpg' g} k5{ . of] dxflwj]zgn] s] ug{ ;S5 eGg] s'/fx¿ cfpg' k/\of] . lghL ljBfnox¿ sDkgLdf 5g\ . of] sDkgLsf] h'g :jfldTj 5 of] sfod g} /xg' k5{ . lghL ljBfnosf] :yfloTjsf] s'/f ;+ljwfgdf JofVof ul/of] t/ of] nfdf] ;do;Dd s;/L l6Sg] eGg] lghL nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f to ug'{k5{ . clxn] t of] lghL ljBfnosf] cj:yf x:t]df x}F;] u/]sf] cj:yf 5, o;nfO{ /fHon] gh/ cGbfh ug{ x'Fb}g . o:tf s'/fx¿ of] dxflwj]zgaf6 p7fpg' k5{ eGg] xf] . ;du|df of] dxflwj]zg lghL ljBfnosf] xs / lxtdf x'g' k/\of] . lghL ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿n] ;/sf/n] lbg] 5fqj[lt kfO/fv]sf 5}gg\ h'g xfdLnfO{ lje]b u/]sf] dxz'; x'G5 . o;sf] cGTo ug{ casf] g]t[Tj ;Ifd / ;an x'g' k5{ eGg] xfd|f] wf/0ff xf] .

b]z el/sf lghL ljBfnox¿ hltklg 5g\, jxfFx¿sf] ;femf ;+u7g xf] of] . ca ljz]if ul/ lghL sDkgLdf cfa4 ljBfnox¿ / JolQmsf] nufgLnfO{ ;'/lIft ug]{ lx;fan] Pstfa4 ePsf] ;+u7g xf] . o;af6 xfdLn] lghL nufgL b]

zel/sf hlt klg 5g\ pgLx¿sf] nflu Pp6f cfwf/ tof/ ul/lbg' k5{ h:tf] nfU5 . ca ;/sf/n] klg lghL ljBfnosf] w]/} s'/f g;'lg/x]sf] cj:yf xf] . xfd|f] s'/f g;'g]/ a]nf a]nf gLlt lgb]{zgx¿ Pstkm{ nlu/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . casf] dxflwj]zgn] ;/sf/nfO{ Ps ¿kn] bafa rflxF lbg} k5{ . clxn] of] lzIff P]gdf ePsf] kl/jt{g / hltklg lgodfjnLx¿ cfO/x]sf 5g\ of] ;a} Ps kIfLo eP/ cfPsf] 5 . o; ljifon] dxflwj]zgdf ljz]if dxTj kfpg] 5 eGg] xfdLn] cfzf lnPsf 5f}F .

26

s'nk|;fb e6\6cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g s}nfnL

/d]z clwsf/L cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g gjnk/f;L

ca cfpg] 5}7f}+ dxflwj]zg ;kmntfsf ;fy ;DkGg xf];\ eGg] rfxgf 5 . ;/sf/n] h'g clxn] lghL ljBfnox¿nfO{ 5'6\6} b[li6sf]0fn] x]l//fsf] 5 . To;nfO{ lrg{ ;Sg] vfnsf] g]t[Tj s]Gb|df cfcf];\ eGg] rfxgf 5 .

lghL ljBfnosf h'g ;d:ofx¿ 5g\, ltgnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] vfnsf], lzIff If]qdf cfPsf gLlt kl/jt{g ug]{ vfnsf] g]t[Tj cfcf];\ eGg] xfd|f] rfxgf /x]sf] 5 . clxn] ev{/} dfq km]l/ of] !) k|ltzt 5fqj[lt lbg' kg]{ lgb]{lzsf kl/jt{g eP/ ca @% k|ltzt 5fqj[lt lbg' kg]{ eGg] s'/f cfPsf] 5 . !) k|ltzt x'Fbf t xfdLnfO{ ufXf] kl//fv]sf] 5, cem @% k|ltzt ubf{ t ljBfno rnfpg} ;lsGg . csf]{ lghL ljBfnodf cWoog ug]{ 5fq 5fqfnfO{ ;/sf/L sf]6fdf n8\g gkfpg] eGg] lgod cfPsf] 5, o;nfO{ klg x6fpg' kg]{ 5 . Pp6} /fHosf ljBfyL{ Pp6fnfO{ sfvf csf]{nfO{ kfvf lsg ug]{< eGg] d'2fnfO{ ;/sf/;dIf cl3 ;fg'{k5{ eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf 5 . lzIff eg]sf] df}lns xs clwsf/ xf] h;df s/ nfUb}g . g]kfn dfq o:tf] b]z xf] h;df df}lns xsclwsf/ dfly s/ nufOG5 . df}lns xs clwsf/ leq lzIffnfO{ /fv]sf] 5 clg ! k|ltzt s/ nufOPsf] 5 h'g kmnfdsf] lrp/f rkfpg] h:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 . clxn] ) b]lv Kn; 6";Dd dfWolds ;/x /fv]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ ls t ! b]lv !@ ;Dd nfg' k5{ h;sf] !! / !@ 5 vf/]h ug{k5{ clg jxfFx¿n] pRr lzIff :gfts / :gftsf]Q/ rnfpg' k5{ . To;f] ePg eg] dflj txsf ljBfnodf tfnf nfpg kg]{ cj:yf x'G5 . :s'n n]an :s'nn] g} rnfpg' k5{ eGg] xfd|f] dfu xf] . clxn] of] $–% j6f ;d:of Psbd ljs/fn ePsf] 5 xfd|f] lghL ljBfnox¿sf] nflu .

of] Pg KofA;gsf] 5}7f}+ s]Gb|Lo dxflwj]zg h'g ;f}/fxfdf x'g uO/x]sf] 5, ;j{;Ddt 9+uaf6 ;DkGg xf];\ eGg] rfxgf /x]sf] 5 . of] dxflwj]zg Pp6f r'gfjL dfxf]ndf dfq s]Gb|Lt geP/ clxn] lzIff

;a}sf] df}lns clwsf/ xf], ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfn] o;df s'7f/f3ft u/]s]f 5 . o;sf nflu klg 5nkmnsf] Joj:yf xf];\ . lghL ljBfnox¿sf nflu gLltut cjwf/0ff ;/sf/n] to ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/f of] dxflwj]zgdf p7f];\ . ;/sf/L lje]b cGt ug]{ k|of; klg dxflwj]zgn] u/f];\ . xfd|f] z'esfdgf 5 .

s'j]/ a:g]tcWoIf,g]zgn KofA;g afFs]

casf] of] 5}7f}+ clwj]zg ;j{;DdtL, ;a}sf] k|ltlglwTj u/]/ Pp6f hfu?s l6d cfcf];\ h'g l6dn] PgKofA;g cGt/utsf ljBfnox¿sf] pGglt / k|ultsf]

nflu sfd u/f];\ . ;/sf/n] h'g lje]bsf/L ¿kn] $% k|ltzt 5fqj[lt lbb}Fg To;sf] cGTo u/fpg' k5{ . (– !@sf] cjwf/0ff Nofpb}F5 g]kfn ;/sf/n] Tof] cfpg' x'Fb}g . o;sf] nflu ca cfpg] gofF l6dn] kxn ug'{k5{ eGg] cfzf u5f}F{ .

……u'0ffTds lzIffdf pTs[i6tfM xfd|f] k|ltj4tfÆ gf/f;lxt lrtjgsf] ;f}/fxfdf cfof]hgf x'g nfu]sf] /fli6«o lghL tyf cfjf;Lo

P;f]l;o;g g]kfn -Pg KofA;g_ sf] 5}7f}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg eJotfk"j{s ;kmn xf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

xflb{s z'esfdgf

ef]h syfoftcWoIftyf

8f]6L g]zgn KofA;g

27

/fdaxfb'/ df]rL cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g sf:sL

/ljg kf}8]n cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g l;Gw'nL

afns[i0f zdf{, cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g afun'ª

b]pk|sfz /fO{, cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g ¿kGb]xL

/fd;'Gb/ rf}w/L cWoIf, Pg KofA;g k;f{

k|e'nfn k|;fb s'Zjfx,cWoIf, g]zgn KofA;g af/f

5}7f}+ clwj]zgn] Pp6f /fd|f] sfo{ ;ldlt tof/ u/f];\ . lghL ljBfno tyf l;ªuf] /fi6«sf] lzIffsf] :t/df cxd e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ vfn] s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldlt tof/ u/f];\ . cfufdL lbgdf ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿ /fi6«nfO{ ;]

jf / ;xof]u ug]{ vfn] cfcf];\ . lghL ljBfnosf hlt klg ;d:ofx¿ 5g\, 5fqj[ltsf s'/f x'g\, lzIffdf nufOPsf s/ x'g\, ;/sf/L ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿n] kfpg] cf/If0f ;L6 h'g lghL ljBfnosf ljBfyL{n] kfO/x]sf 5}gg\, o:tf w]/} s'/fx¿ ca cfpg] g]t[Tjn] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Ifd xf];\ eGg] cfzf lnPsf] 5' .

;j{k|yd t Pg KofA;gsf] clxn] x'g uO{/x]sf] /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf] ;kmntfsf] nflu z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' . g]kfnsf] z}lIfs kl/l:ytLnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg], of] If]qdf ug{'kg]{ sfdx¿ y'k|} 5g\ . Pg KofA;gdf cfa4 ePsf ljofnox¿n]

u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg u/]/ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ eljiosf s0f{wf/ agfpg] 7"nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 h'g lgs} ;/fxgLo sfd xf] . To;}u/L g]kfnsf] s'gf s'gfdf /x]sf w]/} lhNnfdf Pg KofA;gdf cfa4 w]/} ljBfnox¿ 5g\ / lt ljBfnox¿sf] z}lIfs If]qsf] Oltxf; x]g]{ xf] eg] w]/} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] kfO{G5 . t/ xfdLsxfF w]/} eGbf w]/} ljBfyL{nfO{ ljb]z hfg afWo agfpg] rng h'g rn]sf] 5, Tof] rng /f]Sgsf] nflu cfpg] lbgx¿df ;j{;'ne tl/sfn] g]kfnd} u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug'{k5{ . aflxl/g] 7"nf] wg/fzL /f]Sg'k5{ . o; ljifodf klg dxflwj]zgdf 5nkmn x'g'k5{ eGg] nfU5 .

Pg KofA;gsf] dxflwj]zg ;f}xf{b| ¿kdf ;DkGg xf];\ . dxflwj]zgn] ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs cfGbf]ngnfO{{ ;zQm ¿kdf cl3 a9fpgsf] nflu ;kmn xf];\ / To;sf] nflu ToxL vfnsf] sfo{;ldlt rog u/f];\ eGg] z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' .

clwj]zg ^ dlxgfn] l9nf] eO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ca cfpg] 5}7f}+ Pg KofA;gsf] dxflwj]zgdf o:tf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] rog x'G5 eGg] nfU5 h;n] g]kfnsf] lzIff If]qdf ePsf cGof]ntfnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ / g]kfnsf] lzIff k4tLnfO{

cGt/fli6«o :t/df kl/lrt u/fpg ;Ifd x'g]5g\ .

of] g]zgn KofA;gsf] dxflwj]zg Pp6f s'De d]nf g} xf] . of] dxflwj]zg ;kmn ug{ d]/f] Pp6f dfq egfO{ s] 5 eg] g]kfne/L 5l/P/ a;]sf g]zgn KofA;gsf kbflwsf/Lsf] Ps} 7fpF e]nf x'g k/\of] . To;kl5 ;a} lhNnfsf sfo{ ;ldlt ldn]/ hfg'kof]{, cfkm"cfkm"df k|lt:kwf{ ug{' ePg . To;n] ubf{ Pp6f ;+u7g 6'6\g] ;Defjgf a9L

x'G5 . h;sf sf/0f cfkm}df dgd'6fj x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . ldn]/ hfg'kof]{ d]/f] Tolt dfq egfO{ 5 . dxflwj]zg ;kmn x'gkof{] . k;f{ lhNnf Pg KofA;gsf] cWoIfsf] gftfn] s] eGg rfxG5' eGbf Pg KofA;g Pp6f sd{7, h'wf? /fli6«o ;+u7g xf] . Pp6f sd{7 cWoIf cfcf];\ / ;+u7gnfO{ alnof] agfcf];\ .

of] g]Zgn KofA;gdf lhNnf cWoIfsf] gftfn] d]/f] ljrf/ s] 5 eGbf, ;j{k|yd h'gklg JolQm o;df cfcf];\ p;n] g]Zgn KofA;gnfO{ a'e\mg'kof]{{, o;sf] sfd / st{Jo s] xf]< kof{Kt ;do lbg'kof]{ . hltklg k|fOe]6 af]l8{Ë :s'nx¿ 5g\ gLlt lgb]

{zgsf] gfddf ljleGg tl/sfn] ltgdfly cfqmd0f eO{/x]sf 5g\ . To:tf cfqmd0faf6 d'lQm lbnfpg] JolQm x'g'kof]{ . ljutaf6 l;s]/ gofF aGg] sfo{;ldltn] w/} /fd|f /fd|f sfdx¿ ug{ ;S5g\ . dnfO{ nfU5 klxn] eGbf kSs} klg casf gofF ;fyLx¿n] ;a} k|ltlglw lhNnfsf ck]IffnfO{ ztk|ltzt sfof{Gjog ug'{x'G5 .

28

sf7df8f}+ . /fli6«o lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfno Pzf]l;P;g g]kfn -g]zgn KofA;g_sf] 5}+6f} /fli6«o dxflwj]zg sflt{s !&–!( ;Dd lrtjgsf] ;f}/fxfdf x'Fb]5 . ;f] ;Dd]ngdf b]zel/sf @%)) k|ltlglwx¿sf] pkl:ylt /xg] g]zgn KofA;gsf] egfO 5 . ;Lldt ;fwg / ;|f]taf6 lzIff If]qsf] ljsf; /fHoaf6dfq k"0f{tM c;Dej /x]sf] cj:yfdf Joltmut nufgLaf6 ;d]t lzIffsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df ;3fp k'[uf];\ eGg] clek|fon] b]ze/ lghL nufgLdf ;~rflnt lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfnosf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g ug{, ljBfnonfO{ :yfloTj k|bfg u/L ;+:yfkssf] jf nufgLstf{sf] nufgL tyf :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] ;'/Iff ug{, ;+:yfkssf] j+zfg'qmdfg';f/ :jfldTj :yfgfGt/g x'Fb} hfg] clwsf/ ;'/Iff ug{, Pj+ ;+:yfks, lk|lG;kn, lzIfs, sd{rf/L Pj+ ljBfyL{x¿sf] xs, lxt tyf rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf nflu lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfnox¿sf] lar kf/:kl/s P]Soa4tf / ;dGjo :yflkt eO{ lzIffsf] ljsf; x'g ;sf];\ eGg] x]t'n] ;a}sf] ;xdltn] /fli6«o :t/df æ/fli6«o lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfno Pzf]l;P;g g]kfnÆ sf] @)%$ ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .g]zgn KofJ;gsf] ljwfgcg'';f/ k|To]s #–# jif{df /fli6«o dxflwj]zg u/fpFb} 5}6f}+ dxflwj]zg lrtjgsf] ;f}/fxfdf xF'b}5 . o;eGbf cl3 @)%$ ;fndf sf7df8f}+df klxnf] dxflwjz]g ePsf] lyof] . bf];|f] dxflwjz]g klg sf7df8f}+d} / t];|f] / rf}yf] eg] qmdzM x]6f}8f / hgsk'/df ePsf] lyof] . klxnf] dxflwjz]g ubf{ ;'?df

% ;o ;b:o /x]sf] ;f] ;+u7gdf bf];|f] dxflwj]zgdf & ;o, t];|f]df * ;o, rf}yf]df Pshf/, kfFrf}+df !# ;o ;b:o k'u]sf] ;+u7gn] 5}6f}+ dxflwjz]g;Dd cfOk'Ubf @%)) ;b:o ljBfno k'u]sf] 5 . dxflwj]zgsf nflu ljleGg pk;ldltx¿ agfOPsf 5g\ . tL ;ldltx¿n] cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ tof/L ;sfO;]s]sf 5g\ . …dxflwj]zgsf] k|ltgLlw rog ug]{ s'/f, nlhl:6s s'/f ;ls;s]sf] 5 . dxflwj]zg :ynnfO{ g]zgn KofA;gsf] klxrfg lbg] sfd ePsf] 5 . g]zgn KofA;gsf cWoIf s0f{axfb'/ zfxLn] eg] . pgn] dxflwj]zgdf ;xefuLx¿sf] nflu cfjf;, a:g], vfg] Joj:yfsf] nflu klg tof/L ;ls;s]sf] atfP . dxflwj]zgsf] tof/L x'Fb} ubf{ g]zgn KofA;gn] lghL lzIffsf] jt{dfg cj:yfaf/] ljifo ;dfjz] u/]sf] :dfl/sfsf] klg sfd ;sfO;s]sf] 5 . Tof] klg dxflwjz]gsf] tof/Ls} ¿kdf ;+u7gn] :jLsf/]sf] 5 . …clxn] ljBdfg lzIffdf kl/jt{g x'Fb}5 . w]/} ljifox¿df cGof]n 5 . xfdLn] yf]/} cfp6 ;f]l;{ª u/]/ s]xL lj1x¿;Fu k/fdz{ u/L pgLx¿sf] cWoogd"ns ;fdu|L ;dfj]z u/]/ :dfl/sfsf] tof/L ;sfPsf 5f}F .Ú ;+u7gn] hgfPsf] 5 .g]zgn KofA;gsf] d'vkqsf] ¿kdf k|sflzt :dfl/sfdf kf7\oqmdsf] ljifo, ;+3Lotfdf lzIff / lghL If]qsf] e"ldsfaf/], z'Ns lgwf{/0f dfkb08s} ljifodf, k/LIff d"Nof+sgs} af/]df efiffs} ljifonfO{ klg ;d]6]sf] 5 . To;/L :dfl/

sfdf ;d]6]sf] ljifoaf/]df klg dxflwjz]gdf Jofks 5nkmn x'g] ;|f]tsf] egfO 5 .x'g t dxflwj]zg eGg] ljlQSs} JolQm g} a9L xfjL x'g] k/Dk/f aGg] u/]sf] 5 . Tof] k/Dk/fnfO{ qmde+u u/L g]zgn KofA;gn] JolQms]Gb|Lt eGbf klg z}lIfs d'4fs]Gb|Lt x'g] u/L cfGtl/s tof/L ul//x]sf] 5 . Tof] sf/0f klg of] k6ssf] dxflwj]zg cGo dxflwjz]geGbf km/s x'g] PgKofA;lgi6x¿sf] bfaL 5 . clxn] ablnPsf] /fhgLlts :j¿k / ;+/rgfcg';f/ g]zgn KofA;gnfO{ s;/L 9fNg] eGg] ljifo lgwf{/0f ug]{ ePsf]n] ljwfg ;+zf]wg klg dxflwj]zgsf] d'Vo cfsif{0fsf] ljifo xf] eGbf km/s gknf{ . o;}n] To;sf] tof/L klg b|'tt/ ¿kdf cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 .;+u7gsf]] cfTdf eg]s} ljwfg ePsf]n] ljwfgnfO{ hLjGt agfpg] sfddf ;+u7gsdL{x¿ nflu/x]sf 5g\ . ljwfgn] g} ;+u7gsf] af6f], sfo{qmd / gLlt to ug]{ ePsf]n] slt kbsf cfsf+IfL pDd]bjf/x¿ kv{ / x]/sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] klg ;|f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 . …pb\3f6g ;qkl5 aGb ;q ;'? x'G5, h'g !& ut] ;fFemaf6} ;'? x'G5 . To;df k|b]z–k|b]zaf6 k|ltgLlwd"ns lhNnfx¿sf] xfdL ;a} sDkfon u/]/ lng], To;af6 ;+u7gsf] 8s'd]G6]zg ug]{ / To;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] sfd x'G5 . csf]{, xfdLn] ljwfg ;+zf]wg klg /fv]sf 5f}F . clxn]sf] d'n'ssf] k|fb]lzs ;+/rgfcg';f/ h'g ;+3Lo zf;g nfu" ePsf] 5 xfdLn] Tof] ;+zf]wgnfO{ k|:tfj ug]{ / kf; ug]{, To;kl5 !* ut] laxfgaf6} xfdLn] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL

o;/L x'Fb}5 g]zgn KofA;gsf] 5}6f}+ xflwj]zg

29

s'g s'g ag] t pk;ldltx¿ <

qm=; pk ;ldltx¿sf] gfd ;+of]hs

! ;d'b3f6g ;df/f]x, d~r÷:jfut4f/ Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt

>L ;"o{jxfb'/ clwsf/L

@ cfly{s >f]t Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt >L s'df/jxfb'/ e§/fO{

# k|rf/ k|;f/, k|sfzg, Pj+ lgdGq0f pk ;ldlt >L k|Nxfb bfxfn

$ ;Dks{ Pj+ ;DfGjo cg'udg pk ;ldlt >L kf08j xdfn

% dxflwj]zg ;lrjfno Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt >L lzjz+s/ dxtf]

^ dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sng pk ;ldlt >L Zofd l;+x df}gL

& lgjf{rg cg'udg Pj+ sfo{qmd d'Nofªsg pk ;ldlt

>L hubLz k|zfb cf]nL

* clen]v Pj+ /lhi6«]zg JoJf:yfkg pk ;ldlt >L yfg]Zj/ zfx

( ;Ddfg , k|z+;f, clegGbg kq tof/L pk ;ldlt >L rlGb|sf u'Ktf

!) cfjf; tyf ef]hg Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt >L j|h]Gb| ld>

!! lj1fkg tyf ;xof]u ;+sng pk ;ldlt >L dgf]hs'df/ l3ld/]

!@ s]lGb|o lgjf{rg sfof{Gjog pk ;ldlt >L k|sfzjxfb'/ kf08]o

!# laz]if ;"rgf ;'emfj Pa+ sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt

>L 1fg]Gb|df]xg e§/fO{

!$ ;xlhs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt >L s[i0fk|;fb e'iffn

!% sfo{zfnf uf]li7 ;+rfng pk ;ldlt >L wd{/fh dfFemL

!^ k|eftkm]/L Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt >L gGbg ofbj

!& nlhl:6s Joj:yfkg >L k|tfk jxfb'/ yfkf

!* k|d'v÷lalzi7 cltyL lgdGq0ff Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt

>L s0f{jxfb'/ zfxL

!( Pg KofJ;g ;d[l4 cleofg Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt >L ;'jfif Gof}kfg]

@) :jf:Yo ;]jf Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt >L /fh' nfdf

@! ;f:s[ltssfo{qmd;+rfng pk;ldlt >L /fd kf08]o

@@ ;'emfj ;+sng Pa+ 3f]if0ffkq tof/L pk ;ldlt >L ;'jf]bs'df/ 8fFuL

@# :jo+ ;]js kl/rfng pk ;ldlt >L O{Gb|b]j zfx

@$ s]lGb|o ;ldlt ;j{ ;Ddt rog÷Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt

>L s0f{ jxfb'/ zfxL

@% ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f tyf Joj:yfkg pk ;ldlt >L gf/fo0f zdf{

@^ :dfl/sf k|sfzg pk ;ldlt >L k|jf]w k|efs/ l/hfn

k|lqmof nfu" ug]{ 5f}F . ;+/rgfut s'/fx¿ xfdL ;Dd]ngdf u5f}{FÚ cWoIf zfxLn] eg] .pgn] dxflwj]zgn] cfufdL tLgjif]{ sfo{sfnsf] dfq geP/ ;du| lghL ljBfnox¿sf] lbzflgb]{z klg ug]{ bfaL ub}{ dxflwj]zgsf] qmd r'gfjL s'/fx¿afx]s …;+3Lo zf;gdf ljBfno / lghL If]qsf] e"ldsf / z'Ns lgwf{/0f ljifodf lj1x¿af6 sfo{kq g} k|:t't x'g] sfo{qmd to ePsf] atfP . …;du| ljifoj:t'af/]df uxg 5nkmn u/L PgKofA;lgi6x¿af6 cfjZos ;Nnfx, ;'emfj lnP/ g]zgn KofA;gsf] sl/s'nd ;DaGwL, ;+3Lo zf;gdf xfd|f] Joj:yf;DaGwL cflwsfl/s wf/0ffnfO{ !( ut] ;fj{hlgs u5f}{+ . To;kl5 nueu 5}6f}+ dxflwj]zgn] lj6 df5{ .Údxflwj]zg / P]h]08fx¿ cf;Gg dxflwj]zgsf nflu …u'0ffTds lzIffdf pTs[i6tf M xfd|f] k|ltj4tfÚ cyf{t\ PlS:n]G; Og Sjfln6L Ph's]zg, cfj/ sld6d]G6 . to u/]sf] ;+u7gn] dxflwj]zgsf] Ph]08fx¿df d'Votof clxn]s} ;d;fdlos ljifox¿nfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]sf] 5 . …ca lzIff P]g g} vf/]h eP/ gofF P]g cfpFb}5 . klxnf] sfd s] xf] eg] gLltut ¿kdf h'g nufgL 5, h'g /fO6 6' k|f]k6L{ / k|f]km]zg, RjfO; 5 . Tof] klg km08fd]G6n /fO{6 xf] . h;/L xfdLn] lgMz'Ns / clgjfo{ eGbf ;fd'bflos dfq xf] eGg] nfU5 . t/ lghL klg kmG8fd]G6n /fO6df k5{ . o;nfO{ /]u'n]6 ug{sf nflu xfd|f] kxnsbdL x'g'k5{ eGg] g} klxnf] Ph]08f xf]Ú Ph]08faf/]df cWoIf zfxL eG5g\, …bf];|f] Ph]08fsf ¿kdf qmfOl;; Dofg]Hd]G6 k/]sf] 5 . To;sf nflu g]zgn KofA;gleq :k]zn 6f:s kmf];{ lgdf{0f ug]{ tof/L klg 5nkmnsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .Ú To;cnfjf dxflwjz]gn] ;d[l4sf] s'/fnfO{ klg hf]8]sf] 5 . …xfdLn] sDtLdf ;d[l4sf] s'/fnfO{ cl3 a9fO/x]sf 5f}F . :s'n eg]sf] cfhsf] ef]ln cfpg] lrh xf]Og . nfdf] ;do;Dd hfg] xf] eg] t ;+u7gsf] :j¿k klg ;+u7gsf] cfly{s :j¿k klg bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf x'g'kof]{ . xfdLn] ToxL eP/ ;d[l4 cleofg eGg] sfo{qmd g} rnfPsf 5f}F . Tof] klg dxflwj]zgsf] Ph]08fleq g} k5{ .Ú pgn] yk] . To;sf ;fy} dxflwj]zgdf lhNnf lhNnf, k|b]zsf] dfq geP/ s]Gb|s} klg cfkm\gf] a]Un} ejg agfpg] cleofgn] klg k|j]z kfpg] ;Defjgf b]lvPs]f 5 . pgLx¿n] ljBfyL{ / lzIfssf] :yfloTj / j[lQ ljsf;s]Gb|Lt ljifonfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] lglZrt 5 .

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dxflwj]zgsf] tof/L sxfF k'Uof] <dxflwj]zgsf] k|ltlglw rog ug]{ s'/f, nlhl:6s s'/f ;ls;s]sf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] kmnf]ck ldl6ªh:tf] u/]/ ljleGg ;a sldl6x¿nfO{ PlS6e]6 ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . ;aeGbf dxflwj]zg :yndf lkmlhsNnL :ynnfO{ g]zgn KofA;gsf] klxrfg lbg] sfd ePsf] 5 .k|ltgLlwx¿nfO{ cfjf;, a:g], vfg] Joj:yfsf] nflu klg tof/L ePsf] 5 . gf/fo0fu9df kqsf/ ;Dd]ng klg xfdLn] !% ut]sf] nflu lkmS; ul/;s]sf 5f}F .sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltlysf] ¿kdf pk/fi6«klt gGbaxfb'/ k'gMnfO{ lgdGq0ff u/]sf 5f}F . ljz]if cltlysf] ¿kdf lzIff /fHodGqL z]ifgfy clwsf/L /x]sf 5g\ . To;afx]s xfdLn] of] jif{sf] :dfl/sfnfO{ cln P]ltxfl;s agfpFb}5f}F . clxn] ljBdfg lzIffdf kl/jt{g x'Fb}5 . w]/} ljifox¿df cGof]n 5 . xfdLn] yf]/} cfp6 ;f]l;{ª u/]/ s]xL lj1x¿;Fu k/fdz{ u/L pgLx¿sf] cWoogd"ns ;fdu|L ;dfj]z u/]/ :dfl/sfsf] tof/L ;sfPsf 5f}F . ;f] :dfl/sfdf kf7\oqmdsf] ljifo, ;+3Lotfdf lzIff / lghL If]qsf] e"ldsfaf/], z'Ns lgwf{/0f dfkb08s} ljifodf, k/LIff d"Nof+sgs} af/]df, efiffs} ljifonfO{ klg ;d]6]sf 5f}F .dxflwj]zgsf] lbg-!&, !* / !(_ df pb\3f6g ;qafx]s c? s]s:tf sfo{qmdx¿ x'G5g\ < h;n] ubf{ lghL lzIffsf] lbzf klxNofpg sf]z]9'+uf xf]cf];\ <Pp6f t pb\3f6g ;q ;]/]df]lgon 6fOksf] x'g] ef] . To;sf] k|ToIf k|zf/0fsf] tof/L klg hf/L 5 . To;kl5sf] aGb ;q !& ut] ;fFemaf6} ;'? x'G5 . To;df k|b]z–k|b]zaf6 k|ltlglwd"ns lhNnfx¿sf] xfdL ;a} sDkfon u/]/ lng], To;af6 ;+u7gsf] 8s'd]G6]zg ug]{ / To;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] sfd x'G5 . csf]{, xfdLn] ljwfg ;+zf]

wg klg /fv]sf 5f}F . clxn]sf] d'n'ssf] k|fb]lzs ;+/rgfcg';f/ h'g ;+3Lo zf;g nfu" ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] Tof] ;+;f]wgnfO{ k|:tfj ug]{ / kf; ug]{, To;kl5 !* ut] laxfgaf6} xfdLn] lgjf{rg;DaGwL k|lqmof nfu" u5f}{F . ;+/rgfut s'/fx¿ xfdL ;Dd]ngdf u5f}F . t];|f], g]zgn KofA;gsf] ca cfpg] tLgjif]{ sfo{sfndf lbzf lgb]{z s] x'G5 eGg] s'/fx¿ cWoIfaf6 k|:tfj ug]{ sfo{qmd 5 . To;nfO{ kf; u5f}{F . Tof] gLlt aG5 . ;fy} xfdLn] h'g ljifoj:t' :dfl/sfdfkm{t cufl8 ;f/]sf 5f}F, To;df lghL ljBfnosf] Oltxf; eGg] ljifo, z'Nssf] af/]df cGt/f{li6«o cEof;af/] klg hfgsf/L 5 . Tof] ljifodf klg uxg ¿kdf 5nkmn x'G5 .dxflwj]zgsf] qmddf r'gfjsf] k|lqmof klg cufl8 al9/xG5 eg] PgKofJ;gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;+3Lo zf;gdf ljBfno / lghL If]qsf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df sfo{kq k|:t't

x'G5 . To;sf] nflu lzIff dGqfnosf ;x;lrj 8f= xl/ nD;fn, sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnosf afnrGb| n'OF6]naf6 l6Kk0fL x'G5 . z'Ns lgwf{/0f ljifodf lx;fgsf cWoIf /d]z l;njfnaf6 sfo{kq k|:t't x'G5 . Kofgn l8:szg x'G5 . ;du| ljifoj:t'af/]df uxg 5nkmn u/L PgKofA;lgi6x¿af6 cfjZos ;Nnfx, ;'emfj lnP/ g]zgn KofA;gsf] sl/s'nd;DaGwL, ;+3Lo zf;gdf xfd|f] Joj:yf;DaGwL cflwsfl/s wf/0ffnfO{ !( ut] ;fj{hlgs u5f}{+ .dxflwjz]gdf slt lzIffsdL{x¿sf] ;xeflutf /xg] lglZrt eof] <xfdLn] k|ltgLlw g} !$ ;o b]lv !% ;o;Ddsf] xf/fxf/L b]v]sf 5f}F . To;df c? $÷% ;o ko{j]Ifs u/L nueu @ xhf/ hgfsf] ;xeflutf lglZrt b]lvG5 .

5}7f}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgklxnf lrGtg To;kl5 r'gfj

oxL sflt{s !& ut]b]lv lrtjgsf] ;f}/fxfdf cfof]hgf x'g nfu]sf] /fli6«o lghL tyf cfjf;Lo P;f]l;o;g g]kfn -Pg KofA;g_ sf] 5}7f}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf] tof/Lsf] r6f/f]df g'jfuLn] Pg KofA;gsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf s0f{axfb'/ zfxL;Fu # lbgcl3 e]6]/ dxflwj]zgs]lGb|t enfs';f/L u/]sf] 5 . g'jfuLsf] lh1f;f / pgsf] hjfkm h:tfsf] t:t} .

;+j]bgzLn If]q xf] Sof/] . Sof6jfsdf lxF8\g] dfG5]nfO{ t x]5{ lg ;a} dfG5]n] . cfnf]rgfdfq xf] / cfs{if0f klg t 5 . :s'ndf klg k|fOe]6 :s'n eg] kl5 w]/}n] x]5{g\ .

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dxflwj]zg eGg] ljlQSs} JolQm rog jf kb rogn] ljz]if :yfg kfpF5 g}, t/ Tof] sf/0fn] PgKofA;gsf] gLlt cf]em]ndf t kb}{g < xfd|f] cg'ejn] klg ToxL eG5 . ljutdf % j6f dxflwj]zgsf] cg'ejn] klg ToxL eG5 . dxflwj]zg eGgf;fy dfG5] Psf]xf]l/g] /x]5g\ . of] kN6 xfdL dxflwjz]gsf] pb\3f6g ;qd} h'g :dfl/sf af8\5f}F Tof] :dfl/sfdf Psbd lrGtg ug'{kg]{ vfnsf ljifoj:t' 5g\ . To;n] klg 5'6\6} ax;sf] ljifo agfpF5 g} . ljrf/;lxtsf], gLlt;lxtsf] g]t[Tj lng ;Sg] s;n] t < eGg] ljifo klg 5nkmn x'G5 . oBlk ;fyLx¿n] ljsNksf] ¿kdf ufpF–ufpF, :s'n–:s'n k'u]/ cfkm\gf] P8\ef]s];L ug'{ePsf] 5 t/ ca ;fFlRrs} dgn] t vfg'kof]{ . ef]6} xfNg] xf], ef]6 t uf]Ko x'G5, ef]6} xfNgnfO{ t cfTd}b]lv dfGg] s'/f cfpF5 lg . Tof] s'/fsf] nflu sltsf] Olnlhan x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;DejtM o:tf vfnsf gLltdf xfdLn] k|:tfj ul/;s]kl5 To;df cl8u x'g] g]t[Tj rflxof] . t/ gLltut g]t[Tjsf] 5nkmn / j]6]hsf] lx;fan], k|fyldstfsf] lx;fan] OSjoNnL kfpg'k5{ eGg] g} xf] . t/ gLlt dfq eP/ x'Gg, dfG5]nfO{ xf8{j]o/, ;km\6j]o/dfq eg]/ x'Gg, clN6d]6\nL t Xo'dgj]o/ rflxG5 g} . To;nfO{ ln8 ug]{ t dfG5] g} xf], dfG5] t km]l/ tu8fsf] rflxof] .dxflwj]zgsf d'Vo P]h]08fx¿ s]s] x'g\ <of] k6ssf] dxflwj]zgsf] Ph]08fx¿df d'Votof clxn]s} sfg"gs} s'/fx¿ 5g\ . lzIffsf] clxn] t gjf}+ ;+;f]wg eof], cf7f}+ ;+;f]wg;Dd hfFbf sDkgL vf/]h;Ddsf] j'+bf pNn]v eP/ ;+;bLo ;ldltdf uof] . vf/]h} ug]{ clg sf]ck/]l6e / lghL lzIffnfO{ ;xsf/L / u'7Ldfkm{t\ dfq Joj:yf ug]{ s'/f ;/sf/n] cl3 a9fP . Tof] sfd ePkl5 g]zgn KofA;gsf] kxndf sfFu|]; kf6L{sf] cu'jfOdf s]xL kf6L{sf dfG5]x¿nfO{ /fv]/ 5nkmn x'Fbf xfdLn] of] lgtfGt lghL nufgL / hf]lvddf rn]sf] :s'n xf], o;df s'g} cg'bfg 5}g, o;nfO{ k|f]k6L{ /fO6\;sf] lx;fan] /fO6 6' k|fkm]zgsf] lx;fan], /fO6 6' RjfO;sf] lx;fan] klg ;f]Rg'k5{, ljsNk lbg'k5{ . lghL If]qdf u'7L klg Pp6f ljsNk xf], Tof] xfdLn] cfkQL ug{ ldNb}g, sf]ck/]l6e klg xf] eg] sDkgL klg ljsNk xf] . lsgeg] sDkgLdf hfg'kg]{ afWotf 5 . slxF ;/sf/L cg'bfg, sxLF s]xL ;xof]u ePsf] eP xfdL 5f]8\lbG5f+F

klg eGYof}F xf]nf . t/ clxn] t xfdLnfO{ a}+s;Fu nf]g lng'k5{, To;sf] nflu d]/f] xf] eGg] gb]vfO x'Gg . Tof] lx;fan] sDkgL xfd|f] afWotf xf] eg]/ elg;s]kl5 ca KofA;gn] To;df w"nd"n] gLlt lnof] . KofA;gn] sDkgL xfd|f] dfu x}g eGg'ef] . ca To;}nfO{ 6]s]/ sDkgL vf/]hsf] s'/f cfof] . To;kl5 xfdLn] c8fg lnof}F . To;df xfdLn] ;kmntf kfPkl5 ePsf sDkgLnfO{ gug]{ eg]/ lzIff P]g cfPsf] xf] . t/ Toltn] k'u]g, ca lzIff P]g g} vf/]h eP/ gofF P]g cfpFb}5 . ca klxnf] sfd s] xf] eg] gLltut ¿kdf h'g nufgL 5, h'g /fO6 6' k|f]k6L{ / k|f]km]zg, RjfO; 5 . Tof] klg km08fd]G6n /fO{6 xf] . h;/L xfdLn] lgMz'Ns / clgjfo{ eGbf ;fd'bflos dfq xf] eGg] nfU5 . t/ lghL klg kmG8fd]G6n /fO6df k5{ . o;nfO{ /]u'n]6 ug{sf nflu xfd|f] kxnsbdL x'g'k5{ eGg] g} klxnf] Ph]08f xf] . bf];|f] Ph]08fsf ¿kdf qmfOl;; Dofg]Hd]G6 k/]sf] 5 . To;sf nflu g]zgn KofA;gleq :k]zn 6f:s kmf];{ lgdf{0f ug]{ tof/L klg 5nkmnsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .csf]{ xfdLn] ;d[l4sf] s'/fnfO{ klg hf]8]sf 5f}F . cfly{s ¿kdf cl3 ga9L x'Gg .sfd k/]sf] a]nfdf g]zgn KofA;gn] s]xL u/]g eG5g\ lg PgKofA;glgi6x¿ <sfd k/]sf] a]nfdf g]zgn KofA;gn] s]xL u/]g eG5g\ d]Da/x¿ . t/ cl3 kl5 k};f ltg'{kof]{, d]Da/ l/Go" ug'{kof]{nufotsf sfd ug'{kof]{ eg] ;+u7g rNg] eg]sf] t d]Da/x¿af6} xf] . Tof] cj:yfdf o;nfO{ ef]n]lG6o/ eg]/, cfP cfFk uP em6f/f] eg]h:tf] ug]{ d]Da/ :s'nx¿ klg 5g\ . ca To;nfO{ rflxF Psflt/ 5f]8f}F . :s'nkl5sf] lhDd]jf/L t ;+u7gsf] x'G5 . clg Tof] s'/fnfO{ hf]8]/ xfdLn] sDtLdf ;d[l4sf] s'/fnfO{ cl3 a9fO/x]sf 5f}F . :s'n eg]sf] cfhsf] ef]ln cfpg] lrh xf]Og . nfdf] ;do;Dd hfg] xf] eg] t ;+u7gsf] :j¿k klg ;+u7gsf] cfly{s :j¿k klg bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf x'g'kof]{ . xfdLn] ToxL eP/ ;d[l4 cleofg eGg] sfo{qmd g} rnfPsf 5f}F . Tof] klg dxflwj]zgsf] Ph]08fleq g} k5{ . dxflwj]zgn] To;nfO{ kf; u/]/ sDtLdf @# j6f lhNnfdf cfkm\gf] 3/hUuf agfpg] k|lqmofdf 5g\ . tLgj6f 3/ t d}n] g} pb\3f6g u/]F . b'O{ 7fpFdf hu lznfGof; u/]F . sDtLdf cfpg] ;fndf xfd|f hlt klg lhNnf sldl6x¿ 5g\, ;a} 7fpFdf cfkm\gf] 3/hUuf agfpg'kof]{, s]Gb|df klg agfpg'kof]{ . Tof] klg cleofg} xf] .

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32

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bLuf] cfwf/ tof/ gul/lbg] xf] eg] cleefjssf] cfly{s Ifdtfn] wfGg ;Sg] cj:yf ePsf g]kfnL ljBfyL{x¿n] ljBfno:t/sf] lzIffsf nflu ;d]t ljb]z wfpg'kg]{ cj:yf k'gM bf]xf]l/g] lglZrt 5 . h'g cj:yf g]kfndf lghL ;|f]tsf ljBfnox¿ ;~rflnt x'g yfNg'k"j{sf] eGbf

klg eofjx x'g ;Sb5 . ljBfnoLo lzIffsf nflu ljb]z hfg

;Sg] ckf/ wg/flz hf]ufOlbg'sf cltl/Qm nfvf}F g]kfnL gful/sx¿nfO{ k|ToIf jf k/f]If ¿kdf /f]huf/L k|bfg ug{] lghL jf ;+:yfut ljBfnox¿n] sDkgL P]gsf] lgb{]zfg';f/ s/;d]t a'emfP/ /fi6«sf] cfly{s ef/ pNn]vgLo ¿kn] jxg ul//x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] z}lIfs ljsf;df lghL If]qsf ljBfnox¿n] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf eGg] xf] eg] o:tf ljBfnox¿n] u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg u/]sf 5g\, /fHon] lzIff If]qdf k|ltjif{ yk ub}{ hfg'kg{] c/af}F ¿lkofF ah]6sf] Joo ef/ jxg ul/lbPsf 5g\, nfvf}F JolQmnfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf /f]huf/L k|bfg u/]sf 5g\, u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|flKtsf nflu k|To]s jif{ ljb]zlt/ hfg ;Sg] s/f]8f}F ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ;l~rltdf pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf 5g\ / xhf/f}F ljBfyL{x¿nfO{

5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . pko{'Qm a'Fbfx¿nfO{ JofVof ug{] xf] eg] xhf/eGbf a9L g} kfgf eg{'kg{] x'G5 . cfkm}F c;'/lIft / cfqmfGt ag]sf lghL If]qsf ljBfnox¿n] u/]sf pko{'Qm ;xof]ux¿sf] d"NofÍg ug{'kg{] ePsf] 5}g / <

clxn]sf] ;dodf /fi6«sf] d"ne"t bfloTj cfˆgf gful/sx¿sf afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIff k|bfg ug{' xf] . lzIff To:tf] x'g'k5{, h;n] :t/Lo hLljsf]kfh{g u/fpg ;sf];\ . lzIff ljsf;sf nflu d'n'ssf] j:t'l:ylt / k|rlnt ;+ljwfg tyf sfg"gsf] kl/lwleq /x]/ gLltlgod th{'df ug{ tyf nfu" ug{ ;/sf/ k"0f{t M :jtGq 5 / gful/sx¿ klg cfˆgf] lghL ;DklQk|ltsf] clwsf/ k|fKt ug{sf nflu plQs} :jtGq 5g\ .

cfo;|f]t, z}lIfs :t/, cfwf/e"t ef}lts ;'ljwf, lzIfssd{rf/LnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] ;'ljwf, ljBfnosf] Jooef/, z'Nsb/ cflbsf cfwf/df Ps¿ktf gePsfn] ;a} ;+:yfut ljBfnox¿nfO{ Pp6} s;Ln] hfFRg vf]Hg'n] klg ;d:of ;dfwfgdf afwf k/]sf] xf] . /fHo kIf, /fhgLlts bnx¿ / ltgsf e|ft[;Ë7gx¿, ljBfno ;~rfnsx¿sf k|ltlglw ;+:yfx¿, lzIfsx¿sf] k|ltlglw ;+:yf tyf cleefjsx¿sf k|ltlglw;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿n] k"jf{u|x/lxt eP/ Ps kIfn] csf]{ kIfsf] ;d:ofnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ ;dfwfgsf] laGb'df k'Ug'sf] bf];|f] ljsNk 5}g .



odaxfb'/ v8\sf;+:yfks lk|lG;kn

tyf l;4fy{ njb]n af]l8{ª :s"n

kf]v/f–(

xflb{s z'esfdgf

36

b]zsf] z}lIfs cj:yf Psbd gfh's 5, ca x'g] g]Zfgn KofA;gsf] 5}7f}F /fli6«o clwj]zgdf b]zsf] z}lIfs d'4fx¿nfO{ lnP/ hfg] of]hgf agfPsf] 5' . bf];|f] of] sfo{sfndf ug{ g;s]sf sfdx¿ w]/} 5g\ cfkm\

gf] If]qb]lv lnP/ ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ljBfnosf ;d:of a'em]/ b:tfj]h tof/ ug{] d]/f] ljrf/ /x]sf] 5 . ck"0f{ ;d:of / ;dfwfg eg]/ Pp6f b:tfj]h tof/ u/]/ ljleGg lhNnfdf / ljleGg 7fpFdf o;nfO{ xfdLn] p7fpg] 5fF} . ;/sf/n] lzIff If]qdf nfu" ug]{ lgoddf s]–s] x'g'k5{ / xfd|f ;d:ofx¿nfO{ s;/L ;dfwfg ug'{k5{ / ;/sf/n] o;nfO{ s;/L ;Daf]wg ug{'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf xfdL nfU5f}F . o; ljifodf a9L d]/f] ;do k|of]u ug]{5' . lghL ;+u7gsf ;b:o ljBfnox¿ h'g ufpFlt/ 5g\, pgLx¿ w]/} ;d:ofu|:t 5g\ . xfdLn] ;x/dfeGbf klg ltgLx¿nfO{ x]g{'k5{ eGg] d]/f] dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . ;d:of / ;dfwfg g} xfd|f] k|d'v d'4fsf] ¿kdf /xg] 5 . o;sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df g} /x]/ xfdL ;fyLx¿n] 5}7f}F dxflwj]zgdf lghL If]qsf ;d:ofx¿ phfu/ ug]{5f}F . o;nfO{ g} ;Daf]wg u/]/ d"n P]h]G8f agfpg] 5f}F .

deGbf cu|h / s[ofzLn ;fyLx¿ cWoIfsf] cfsf+IfL x'g'x'G5 . d of]

;do ljBfnosf] ;'wf/sf] lglDt / lghL ljBfnodf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ jl/i7 pkfWoIf eP/} ug{ ;S5' h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 . lghL ljBfnox¿df ljljw vfnsf ;d:ofx¿ b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . Pp6f eg]sf] :yfgLo ;/sf/, To;df !—!@ nfO{ :yfgLo ;Ldf leq /xg] ePsf x'gfn] xfdLn] ! b]lv !@ ;Ddsf] lzIffnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu s;/L ldn]/ sfd ug{ ;lsG5 / ;+:yfut ljBfnonfO{ s;/L ;xh jftfj/0f agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] dxTjk"0f{ ljifo /x]sf] 5 . lghL ljBfnon] /fi6«sf] ## k|ltzt lzIffsf] of]ubfg lbO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . nfvf}F lzIfsn] /f]huf/ kfO/fv]sf 5g\ / w]/} cleefjsx¿sf] ljZjf; kfPsf 5f}F . o:tf] cj:yfdf lghL ljBfnosf] :yfloTj x'g]

u/L, 5fqj[lQsf] ljifodf, z'Ns lgwf{/0fsf] ljifodf h'g ;d:of kl//x]sf] 5 o;nfO{ ;dfwfg / Jojl:yt ug{sf] lglDt d]/f] JolQmut / ;f+u7lgs k|of; /xg]5 . ljBfno txaf/]sf] cGof]n x6fpg h?/L 5 . df]km;nsf ljBfnox¿sf] z}lIfs of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ pgLx¿sf] :t/f]Ggltsf nflu ;/sf/n] ;ˆ6 nf]gsf] Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos 5 . lzIfsnfO{ ;do;fk]If tflnd lbg'k5{ eGg] d]/f] rfxgf xf] / k|oTg ug]{5' . cleefjssf] h'g ;+:yfut ljBfnodfly ljZjf; 5 Tof] ljZjf;nfO{ sfod /fVg klg xfdLn] cleefjsn] ck]Iff u/]sf] k|fljlws lzIff, Jojxfl/s lzIff, g}lts lzIff / xfd|f ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;dfhdf s;/L lehfpg] / g]kfnd} /f]huf/sf] cj;/ ;[hgf ug{ ;Sg] ljBfyL{ pTkfbg s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf klg sfd ug]{5' .

b"/b/fhsf ljBfnox¿sf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ cfjZos b]v]sf] 5'

;+:yfut ljBfnodfly cleefjssf] ljZjf; sfod ug{ k|of;/t x'g]5'

1fg]Gbdf]xg e§/fO{

;'o{ axfb'/ clwsf/L

7]ufgf M sf:sL, kf]v/f, n]vgfy gu/kflnsf– @(z}lIfs cg'ej M @)%^ :ffnb]lv ;+Ungtf M l;l4ljgfos af]l8{ª :s"npd]bjf/L M s]lGb|o jl/i7 pkfWoIf

7]ufgf M skg;+nUgtf M lk|lG;kn hf];]km xfO{ :s'n, skg,

OG6/g]zgn hf];]km :s'n, x]/fN8 OG6/g]Zgn sn]h

z}lIfs cg'ej M @$ jif{pd]bjf/L M s]lGb|o jl/i7 pkfWoIf

37

lghL :jfldTjdf nufgL ePsf ljBfnox¿sf] xslxt / ;+/If0fsf] nflu pgLx¿sf] nufgL ;'/Iffsf] lglDt kxn ug]{ klxnf] Ph]08f x'g]5 . bf];|f] clxn] d'n'sn] rfx]sf] u'0f:tl/o lzIff k|bfg ug{sf] nflu xfdL cfˆgf

;b:o ljBfnox¿nfO{ ;s];DDf k|fljlws lzIff k|bfg ug{], of]Uo lzIfsx¿af6 u'0f:tl/o lzIff k|bfg ug]{, Jojxfl/s, sfdof]uL lzIff k|bfg ug]{ Pp6f s'/f 5 . csf]{ s'/f lghL ljBfnonfO{ ;/sf/, dGqfno, cleefjs, ljBfyL{ ;+u7g rf/}lt/af6 cfqmd0f e}O/x]sf] 5 . oBkL xfdLn] jt{dfgdf nfvf}F ljBfyL{ ljb]z hfg] qmdnfO{ /f]s]sf 5f}F, nfvf}F lzIfsnfO{ xfdLn] /f]huf/ k|bfg u/]sf 5f}F . c/af}F ljb]z hfg] k};f xfdLn] d'n'sd} /f]s]sf 5f}F . t/ klg xfdLnfO{ ;/sf/n] x]g{] b[li6sf]0f cToGt ;f}t]nf], Psf+sL / cToGt k'jf{u|fxL 5 . xfdLn] cfkm\g} nufgL ljBfnodf cku|]8 ug{sf] nflu klg 7"nf] v';fdt ug'{ k5{ . o:tf s'/fx¿ xfd|f r'gf}ltsf ljifox¿ x'g\ . lghL ljBfno ;+rfngdf cj/f]w v8f u/]sf lo s'/fnfO{ lrg{sf] nflu clxn]sf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfn] ;xof]uL e"ldsf v]Ng]5 . xfdLn] u/]sf] ;]jf, xfdLn] u/sf] sfo{ of] d'n'ssf] nflu ckl/xfo{ xf] egL k'li6 ug{sf] nflu d]/f] pd]bjf/L xf] .

d}n] Pg KofA;gsf] s]lGb|o sfo{;ldltsf] ljleGg kbdf /xL sfd u/]sf] 5' . xfn dxf;lrj eP/ sfd ul//xFbf klg d}n] xfd|f ;b:o ljBfnosf w]/} cf/f]x cj/f]xx¿ a'em\g] df}sf kfPsf] 5' . lghL ljBfnosf cj;/ / r'gf}tLx¿af/] yk cg'ej xfl;n ug]{ cj;/ kfPsf] 5' . o;y{ ;+u7gnfO{ yk lj:tf/ ug]{ / ;b:o ljBfnox¿nfO{ ;d[4 agfpg] sfo{df 7f]; of]ubfg ug{ ;S5' eg]/ d}n] pd]bjf/L lbPsf] 5' .

xfd|f] pkl:ylt clgjfo{ k'li6 ug{sf] nflu d]/f] pd]bjf/L

Jofks / ;d[4 ;+u7g d]/f] p2]Zo

hoaxfb'/ >]i7

k|sfz kf08]

7]ugf M bds gu/kflnsf –*, emfkfcg'ej M #% jif{ ;+Ungtf M emfkf df]8n cfjf;Lo df=lj, pd]bjf/L M k|b]z g+ ! sf] cWoIf

7]ufgf M s~rgk'/;+nUgtf M /f]hL PS;Sn'l;e Oªln; af]l8{ª :s'n cg'ej M @) jif{pd]bjf/L M s]lGb|o jl/i7 pkfWoIf



xflb{s z'esfdgf

pbok'/ g]zgn KofA;gs'df/ k|;fb clwsf/L

cWoIfljgf]b s'df/ rf}w/L

pkfWoIfs]bf/ bGjf/

;lrjwg axfb'/ s6jfn

sf]iffWoIfu+uf axfb'/ /fpt

;x—;lrj

O{Zj/ k|;fb sfˆn];b:o

sljGb k|wfg;b:o

tLd/fh /fO{

;b:oe/t v8\sf

;b:o;'vLnfn rf}w/L

;b:o

38

;+:yfnfO{ ;+:yfut ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ klxnf] k|fyldstf xf] . lghL ljBfnodf k9]sf ljBfyL{x¿n] $% k|ltzt cf/If0f sf]6fdf cj;/ gkfpg' cfkm}df lgGbgLo Joj:yf xf] . o;sf] lj?4 cfjfh a'nGb kfg'{ csf]{ Ph]08f xf] .

gjf}F ;+zf]lwt P]gdf @% k|ltzt 5fqj[lt lbg'k5{ eGg] cjwf/0f cfPsf] 5 To;n] lghL ljBfnosf] cl:tTjd} 7"nf] k|Zg lrGx nufPsf] 5 . ;/f]sf/jfnf xfdL;Fu s'g} ;dGjo g} gu/L NofPsf] lgodlj?4 xfdL cfjfh p7fpFb} 5fF} .

;/sf/n] lghL ljBfnox¿nfO{ w/f;foL agfpg] of]hgf;lxt lzIffsf gLlt lgodx¿ NofPsf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . To:tf ;/sf/L gLlt / lgofdfjfnL ;+zf]wg u/L lghL lzIff If]qnfO{ dha't

agfpg' klxnf] P]h]G8f xf] . xfdLn] sDkgL vf]n]/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ s/ ltg]{ u/]sf 5f}F . g]kfn ;/sf/n] clxn] sDkgL aGb ul/ To;nfO{ u'7Ldf nfg] h'g lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 To;nfO{ alxisf/ ug]{ xfd|f] bf];|f] P]h]G8f /xg]5 . ljleGg tl/sfn] lghL ljBfnonfO{ c8\rg dfly c8\rg lbg] Jojxf/ ;/sf/n] u/]sf] 5, To;n] ubf{ lghL ljBfnonfO{ dfly p7\g ufXf] eO{/x]sf] 5 . nufgLstf{sf] nufgLsf] ;'/Iff e}O/fv]sf] 5}g h;n] ubf{ clxn] nufgLstf{sf] nufgL pkof]u ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o;n] z}lIfs jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds k|efj kl//x]sf] 5 . lo ;d:ofnfO{ lgd"{n ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ ul/ of] k6sk6ssf] k|s[ofnfO{ 6'+uf] nufO{, g]kfnnfO{ z}lIfs xa jgfpg] ;f]r /x]sf] 5 .

clxn] lghL ljBfnox¿ x/]s lsl;dn] c;'/lIft dxz'; ul//x]sf 5g\ . ltgnfO{ ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbnfpg' g} clxn]sf] k|fyldstf xf] . d}n] k|b]z g+ # sf] g]t[Tj ug{ kfPF eg] clxn]

sf] of] kl/jlt{t /fhgLlts kl/j]znfO{ s;/L s;/L xfd|f] ;+u7g cg's"n agfpg] eGg] lt/ nfU5' . ;+/rgfut ¿kdf clxn] s]Gb|eGbf k|b]z rflxF alnof] x'g' k5{, To;n] a9L lhDd]jf/L lng' k5{ . casf] lzIff s:tf] x'g'k5{ eGg] k|b]zn] lg0f{o u5{, vfsf tof/ kf5{ . To;}n] casf] xfd|f] of]hgf eg]sf] s;/L k|b]znfO{ ;zQm agfpg] eGg] lt/ g} x'G5 .

;/sf/sf] lje]bsf/L gLltlj?4 cfjfh p7fpg' k5{

lzIffdf ;'/lIft nufgLsf] jftfj/0f agfpF5'

;'/lIft nufgLsf] k|Tofe"ltsf nflu d]/f] pd]bjf/L

s}nfzs'df/ sfsL{

a|h]Gb| ld>

dgf]hs'df/ l3ld/]

7]ufgf M sf=df=g=kf–&, uf}/L3f6 sf7df8f} cg'ej M @^ jif{{ ;+Ungtf M lxnf/L c+u]|hL df=lj, Go'6g sn]h pd]bjf/L M k|b]z g+ # sf] cWoIf

7]ufgf M dxf]Q/L cg'ej M !* jif{ ;+Ungtf M ;af]{bo ;]s]G8/L cªu|]hL af]l8{ª

:s'n, /fdfgGbrf]s hgsk'/ pd]bjf/L M s]lGb|o jl/i7 pkfWoIf

7]ufgf M sf7df8f}+;+nUgtf M 1fge"ld xfO{ :s"n,

x]/fN8 OG6/g]zgn sn]h cg'ej M @% jif{pd]b\jf/L M v'Nnf pkfWoIf, k|b]z g+ # sf] cWoIf

39

g]Zgn KofA;gsf] 5}7f}F /fli6«o dxflwj]zg x'Fb} ubf{, g]kfn ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf k|j]z ul/;s]kl5 k|To]s k|b]zaf6 k|ltlglwTj ug{ kfpg] xfd|f] ljwfg /x]sf] x'gfn] ;f]cg';f/ d k|b]z g+ %sf] g]zgn KofA;gsf] cWoIfsf] ¿kdf

cfkm"nfO{ pEofPsf] cj:yf xf] . of]eGbf c3fl8 d lhNnf cWoIf, s]lGb|o ;b:o / ;lrj x'Fb} ubf{ d}n] lghL ljBfnodf h'g ;d:ofx¿nfO{ b]v]sf] 5', ;+:yfsf] k|d'v :ygfdf k'u]kl5 pQm ;d:ofx¿nfO{ cat/0f u/fpg ;S5' / lghL If]qdf pTkGg ePsf ;d:ox¿nfO{ ;DalGwt 7fpFdf 3R3Rofpg ;Sb5' eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] sf/0fn] k|b]z g+ % sf] cWoIfsf] pd]bjf/L lbPsf] x'F . lghL ljBfnox¿n] clxn];Dd w/} cf/f]x cj/f]x kf/ ub}{ oxfF;Dd cfOk'u]sf] 5 . lt Jojwfgx¿ / hl6n cj:yfx¿nfO{ ;xh ¿kdf cjt/0f u/fpg Ps dfq ljsNksf] ¿kdf ;+:yfut ljBfno h;df klg Pg KofA;gsf] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf x'G5 . ;jf]{RRf cbfntn] # jif{;Dd ;+:yfut ljBfnon] z'Ns a9fpg gkfpg] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . sd{rf/Lsf] z'Ns eg] # jif{;Dd a9fpg gkfpg] s'/f h'g lg0f{o ePsf] 5, o;sf] ;Djf]wg u/]sf] cj:yf 5}g . To;df klg xfdLn] cfjfh p7fpb}F cfPsf 5f}F . o;eGbf cuf8L !) k|ltzt 5fqj[lt k|To]s ;+:yfut ljBfnon] lbP/ b]ze/Lsf lghL ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k9fPsf] cj:yf 5 . clxn] csf]{ P]g z+zf]wg ePsf] 5 . To;df @% k|ltztsf]

g]kfnsf] lghL If]qsf] lzIffdf y'k|} ;d:ofx¿ 5g\ . hgcfGbf]ngb]lv clxn];DDf lghL ljBfnonfO{ ;/sf/n], ;dfhn], ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] w]/} g} gsf/fTds ¿kdf x]/L/x]sf 5g\ . oBkL xfdLx¿ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf of] If]qdf nflu/x]sf 5f}F . /fHoaf6 lgb]{lzt y'k|} lgb]{lzsfx¿df xfd|f] ljdlt /x]sf] 5 . lghL ljBfnox¿n] lzIff If]qdf olt w]/} of]ubfg k'/\ofpFbf k'/\ofpFb} klg /fHosf] tkm{af6 xfdLnfO{ lje]bsf/L Jojxf/ /lxcfPs} 5 . csf]{ /fhg}lts bn / ljBfyL{ eft[ ;+u7gsf efO{alxgLx¿n] lzIffsf] dxTj ga'em]sf] b]lvG5 . csf]{lt/ ;/sf/n] lbg] 5fqj[lQdf klg lghLnfO{ e]befj u/]sf] 5 . lo d'4fx¿ casf] clwj]zgdf d'Vo /xg]5g\ . k|b]z $ sf] cWoIf eO{;s]kl5 oxfFsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yfcg';f/ oxfF ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf s] slt 5 To;nfO{ x]/]/ lzIff gLlt cjnDag ug]{ eGg] /xG5 / /fHon] lzIff If]qnfO{ s;/L x]g'{k5{ eGg] wf/0ff klg xfdL /fHo ;dIf /fV5f}F . lghL ljBfnosf]] of]ubfg ;dfhdf, /fi6«df 5 jf 5}g To;sf] klg d'Nofªsg ug{ nufpg]5f}F .

;+:yfut ljBfnosf] xslxtsf] lglDt nflukg]{5'

lghL lzIffaf/] a'emfpg cfjZos /x]sf] 5

;'af]bs'df/ 8fFuL

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7]ufgf M bfªcg'ej M @)^$ ;fnb]lv ;+Ungtf M ld8 j]:6 KjfOG6 Ps]8]dLpd]bjf/L M k|b]z g+ %sf] cWoIf

7]ufgf M kf]v/f z}lIfs cg'ej M #@ jif{ ;+Ungtf M l;4fy{ nA8]8 af]l8{ª :s'npd]bjf/L M k|b]z g+ $ sf] cWoIf

k|fjwfg cfpF5 eGg] s'/fx¿ aflx/ cfPsf] 5 . k|d'v :yfgdf /x]/ o:t} ;d:onfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 eg] p2]Zo lnPsf] 5' . k|b]z g+ %sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ kfPF eg] o; k|b]zdf dfq geP/ ;Dk"0f{ b]zsf] lghL tyf ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] xslxtsf] nflu d nflu kg]{5' .



xflb{s z'esfdgf

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40

laz]if u/L g]kfndf kb / k|lti7fsf] nflu x/]svfn] lqmofsnfk k|b{zg ug]{ rng /x]sf] 5, kqklqsfdf 7fpF kfpgsf] nflu o:tf Jojxf/ / lqmofsnfk g]kfndf b]lvPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ cGt ug{'k5{ eGg] ljrf/;lxt

k|b]z g+= ^ af6 ;a{;Ddltsf] vfsf tof/ kf/]sf 5f}F . d}n] of] 5}6f}F] dxflwj]zgdf k|b]z cWoIf / s]lGb|o pkfWoIfsf] ¿kdf ;fyLx¿sf] ;xdltdf pd]bjf/L lbPsf] 5' . clxn];Dd PgKofA;gn] ljleGg cf/f]x ca/f]x kf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5, ul/g} /x]sf] 5 . cem} /fi6«JofkL ¿kdf Pg KofA;gnfO{ ;zQm kfg{] vfnsf of]hgf /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf lghL ¿kdf ljBfno ;+~rfng t uof}{F, t/ gLltut ¿kdf xfdLn] ar{:j sfod ug{ ;s]gf}F . g]kfndf clxn] klg xfdLnfO{ ;/sf/n] ckx]ngf u/]sf] 5, 5'6\6} P]g ag]sf] 5}g . d}n] lht] eg] of] z}lIfs gLltut ¿kdf ;+:yfut ljBfnonfO{ ;/sf/n] x]g]{ gh/ 5 To;nfO{ kl/jlt{t ug]{ klxnf] Ph]08f /xg]5 . h;sfnflu sDkgL P]gnfO{ k]m/L Ao'Ftfpg' k5{ . bf];|f] Ph]08f ;+u7gnfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{df kxn /xg]5 . t];|f] P]h]G8f ;+u7gnfO{ gljs/0f ug]{ sf]ifsf] l;h{gf ug,]{ s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0f u/fpg], of] ^ g+ k|b]z ;|f]t tyf ;fwgsf] wgL k|b]zdf PgKofA;gnfO{ dha't agfpgsf] nflu sf]ifsf] l;h{gf ug]{, lhNnf sf]ifsf] lgdf0f{ ug]{, ;b:o ljBfnosf] :t/ plGgltsf] nflu of] vfnsf sf]ifx¿ NofP/ z}lIfs ;xsfo{sf s'/fx¿ NofP/ /fd|f ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿sf] j[lQljsf;sf nflu d}n] kxn ug]{5' . ;a} vfnsf cltl/Qm lqmofsnfknfO{ k|fb]zLs ¿kdf cfof]hgf ug]{ ljrf/ lnPsf] 5' . hlt klg ;~rfnsx¿ xfd|f] kbf{k5f8L 5g\, ;+~rfns¿sf] k|b]z :t/df Pp6f ;+~hfn :yfkgf ug]{ / Tof] ;+~hfnn] sfd u/f];\

clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf ;+ljwfgn] b]znfO{ ;+3Lotftkm{ nlu;s]kl5 ;a} /fhgLlts bn, ;a} ;+:yfx¿, ;a} ;+u7gx¿n] cf–cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs sldl6 agfpg] qmddf g]zgn KofA;gn] klg cfˆgf] ljwfgdf k|b]z sldl6sf] cjwf/0ff Nofof] . xfdL vf; ul/ ca ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf uO;s]kl5 /fli6«o :t/sf] eGbf klg k|b]z :t/sf] dlg6l/ª, k|b]zdf ePsf ljBfnosf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g, To;sf] ;'/Iffsf] lhDdf k|b]zsf] /xG5 eGg] a'emfO cfPsf] 5 . nfdf] ;dob]lv oxfF ePsf lghL ljBfnosf ljljw ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ /fHon] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ul/ d klg ;Ifd 5' of] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg eGg] nfu]/ d}n] cfˆgf] pd]bjf/L lbPsf] 5' . ;a} lhNnfaf6 cfPsf d'4fx¿nfO{ dWogh/ ul/ lt ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ k|d'v sfo{ /xg]5 .

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pkfWoIf

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eGGf] d]/f] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 . k|b]z :t/sf lk|lG;knsf] ;+~hfn :yfkgf ug]{, / ;~hfnn] Ps]8]lds sfdnfO{ cufl8 n}hfcf];\ / ljBfnosf] :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu sfd u/f];\ eGg] of]hgf agfPsf] 5' .



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41




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42

;dfrf/

ljdn d]df]l/ondf P;O{O{ ljbfO{ tyf cleefjs lbj; ;DkGg

We Can : Nepal åf/f lzIfs ;Ddfg

cleefjs lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ ljdn d]df]l/on ljBfkL7n] ljljw ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmdsfaLr @)&# df P;O{O{ pQL0f{ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;Ddfg tyf labfO{ u/]sf] 5 . Pg KofA;gsf s]lGb|o cWoIf s0f{axfb'/ zfxL / ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf 8f= aRr'/fd sfsL{n] P;O{O{df pTs[i6 glthf Nofpg ;kmn ePsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ dfofsf] lrgf] ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks

eQmk'/, c;f]h @*, ljleGg ljBfnox¿ ;lDdlnt ;+:yf We Can : Nepal n] ljleGg ljBfnodf sfo{/t lzIfsx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . eQmk'/ ;'o{ljgfosl:yt Goftfkf]n km'8 a}Ídf ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f /fHodGqL dfggLo df]xdb hfls/ x';]gn] ;b:o ljBfnosf * hgf lzIfsx¿nfO{ vfbf tyf k|df0f—kqn] ;Ddfg u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf lzIffljb k|f= 8f= ljBfgfy sf]O/fnfn] b]zdf ;+3Lo Joj:yf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf lzIffsf] ;+/rgf cGof}ndf k/]sf] jtfP . pgn] lzIfs, cleefjssf] ljrdf

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lzIffsdL{sf] jfsfy'g

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uf]N8]g u]6df ljzfn P;So";L xa ;Dd]ng

eQmk'/—dxfsfnL:yfgl:yt uf]N8]g u]6 O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'ndf eQmk'/ lhNnf :t/Lo ljBfyL{ u'0fLo rqm cyf{t\ P;So";L xa ;Dd]ng eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . eQmk'/ / nlntk'/sf u/L s'n !( ljBfnoaf6 $% j6f ;s{nx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ $)) eGbf a9ÞL ljBfyL{x¿ ;xefuL ;f] ;Dd]ngdf eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfkltn] P;So";Lsf] dWodaf6 l;lh{t ;xsfo{, l;h{gzLntf / j}1flgstfsf] k|z+;f ub}{ o;n] ;du| lzIffsf] ;fy;fy} eQmk'/nfO{ 1fglj1fgsf] s]G› agfpg] cleofgdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg] ljZjf; JoQm u/] . g]kfndf P;So";Lsf k|0f]tf k|fWofks lbg]z rfkfufO{+n] P;So";Lsf] ljz]iftf / pkof]lutfaf/] cfkm\gf egfOx¿ /fv] . To:t} KofA;g eQmk'/sf cWoIf >Ls[i0f s];L, Sj]:6 g]kfnsf cWoIf lg/fhg clwsf/Ln] ;f] xa ;Dd]ngnfO{ xfn;Dds} ljzfn ePsf] atfP . ;Dd]ngdf s]; :68L, Kofgn l8:szg, :sf]/ bL Sjfln6L uf]n, PdPd6LSo"kL cjf8{, zfOg cg :6]h / Do"/n k]+l6+u ;lxt ^ j6f ljleGg sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ul/Psf] lyof] .

uf]N8]g u]6sf ;+:yfks lgb]{zs c~h' hf]zLsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf lk|lG;kn tyf ;Dd]ng ;+of]hs l;Ë nfdfn] ;f] ;Dd]ng sflt{s #), d+l;/ ! / @ ut] hgsk'/df cfof]hgf x'g] Sj]:6 g]kfnsf] !#cf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] cleGg c+u ePsf] atfP . P;So";L ljBfyL{x¿sf] JolQmTj ljsf;df kl/nlIft sfo{qmd ePsf]n] o;af6 rnfv / c;n u'0f;lxtsf] ;j{u'0f ;DkGg gful/s lgdf{0f x'g] ljZjf; ul/G5 . ;Dd]ngsf] ;dfkg ;df/f]xdf lzIff ljefusf k"j{lgb]{zs ;'Gb/s'df/ zfSon] ;xefuL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|df0fkq tyf k'/:sf/ k|bfg u/]sf lyP . lzIff / P;So";Laf/] lg/Gt/ snd rnfPafkt kqsf/ dxf;+3 eQmk'/sf cWoIf k'is/ a'9fyf]sLnfO{ k|yd P;So";L kqsfl/tf ;Ddfg tyf gub k'/:sf/ ;d]t k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .csf]{ xa ;Dd]ng ;g\ @)!* df P8jf+:8 Ps]8dLdf, ;g\ @)!( df gj/Tg / @)@) df ljgfos lzIff lgs]tg :s'nn] ;+of]hg ug]{ to ul/Psf] 5 . w

43

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af/f g]zgn KofA;g

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;Nnfxsf//fh]Gb| u'?ª

;Nnfxsf/

44


xflb{s z'esfdgf

;'v]{t g]zgn KofA;gz/b e08f/L

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g'jfuL ldl8of k|f=ln=;Nnf3f/L, eQmk'/–!&, kmf]g g+= )!–^^!@^$),^^!(#($ df]= (*%!@!()(*E-mail: [email protected] | www.nuwagi.com

45




xflb{s z'esfdgf

ledaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sLcWoIftyf

bfª g]zgn KofA;g

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xflb{s z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}F .

xflb{s z'esfdgf

cf7/fO{ klAns]zg k|f=ln=Atharai Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Anamnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel. 01-4225190, Fax: 4227718 www.athraibooks.com

46

g'jfuL sk km'6;n k|ltof]lutfsf] bf];|f] ;+:s/0f ;DkGg

sf7df08f}, eQmk'/, nlntk'/ / sfe|]sf $@ j6f ljBfnox¿sf] ;xefuLtfdf

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47

P8\efG; Ps]8]dLuf]N8]g u]6 O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'nz+s/ g]zgn O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'ndfp06 Eo" O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'ncldg6L O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'nOdfg'on O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'nUNof8 :6f]g Ps]8]dLhof ;]s]G8/L af]l8{ª :s'nlqmol6e ng{;{ Ps]8]dL/f];d O+lUn; af]l8{ª :s'nO=hL= kfof]lgol/ª :s'nlxdfnog O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'nVjlk|ª Ps]8]dLsf}zn6f/ O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'n

l:k|ª8]n O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L af]l8{ª :s'nl;lePd ;]s]G8/L :s'nk|1f O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'nh]lgy Ps]8]dLP;=P;= ;bg ;]s]G8/L :s'nuf]N8]g ;'gufef O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'nPlS6e O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'nrf0fSo ;]s]G8/L :s'nSoflG88 OG6/g]zgn Ps]8]dLg]S;;\ OG6/g]zgn Ps]8]dLled]Zj/ Ps]8]dL;'lk|d Ps]8]dLgf}nf] Hof]tL O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'n/]Gjf] O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'n

l8«dNofG8 klAns xfO{ :s'nljgfos lzIff lgs]tg ;]s]G8/L :s'n;'b]zf :s'nUnf]an kf7zfnfOi6 KjfOG6 O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'ncfbz{ hgk|]dL ;]s]G8/L :s'ncf]d 1fg dlGb/ ;]s]G8/L :s'nP?8fO6 Ps]8]dLdb/Nof08 O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'nkf/fu0f Ps]8]dLa]n/ OG6/g]zgn Ps]8]dLsfJo :s'nlxdfn Ps]8]dLsDo'lgs]l6e O+lUn; ;]s]G8/L :s'n

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48

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d clxn] klg cfkm\gf] klx/gaf/] plQs} ;r]t / lhDd]jf/ 5' . dnfO{ ;kmf s'/f /fd|f] nfU5 . klx/g dfq xf]Og ljrf/, b[li6sf]0f / Jojxf/ klg ;kmf g} vf]H5' . d ;/;kmfOk|lt cln a9L g} ;Da]bgzLn 5' . d s'g} klg s'/fnfO{ ;sf/fTds eP/ ;f]R5' . gsf/fTds l6Kk0fLaf6 ;'? ePsf] s'/fsfgL / sfdn] ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd lbG5 eGg]df dnfO{ sd} ljZjf; 5 . To;}n] d x/]s If0f, x/]s 7fpFdf x/]s ljifonfO{ ;sf/fTds eP/ ;f]R5' / To;}cg';f/ Jojxf/ u5'{ . sltko gsf/fTds kl/0ffd lbg ;Sg] s'/fx¿n] klg ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd lbPsf] cg'ej 5 . ;sf/fTds ;f]r / Jojxf/sf] zlQm w]/} k6s cg'ej ug]{ df}sf kfPsf] 5' . d ljxfg ;f9] % ah] p7\5' . lgoldt k"hf u5'{ . ljxfg e]63f6sf sfo{qmdx¿ eP u5'{ . geP k|foh;f] ;f9] ( df vfgf vfG5' . To;kl5sf] ;do d :s"ndf x'G5' . d}n] :s"nsf] Sofn]G8/ ;w}F 6]jnd} /fVg] u/]sf] 5' . To;}nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ d of]hgfx¿ agfpF5' . ljBfyL{x¿af/] s'g} u'gf;fx¿ eP ljz]if k|fyldstfsf ;fy x]5'{ . cleefjsx¿af6 cfPsf ;Nnfx ;'emfj / u'gf;fx¿af/] ;xsdL{x¿;Fu 5nkmn u5'{ . k|fo ! ah]kl5 aflx/L sfdsf nflu lg:sG5' . dxTjk"0f{ e]63f6sf sfo{qmdx¿ u5'{ . a]n'sL ;ft ah];Dddf d

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dg k5{ . klx/gdf h:t} d vfgfdf klg ;f}lvg 5' . dnfO{ hxfF txLF vfg dg nfUb}g . / d skmLsf] kf/vL x'F . d cfkm\gf] nflu sk8fx¿ a9Lh;f] cfkm} lsG5' . >LdtLn] NofOb]sf] klg lrQ a'emfpF5' . d]/f] /f]hfOsf] ljifodf d]/f Oi6 ldqx¿af6 /fd|} k|lts[ofx¿ kfpg] u/]sf] 5' . slxn]sfxLF ljb]zdf /xg'x'g] cfkmGtL / ;fyLx¿sf nflu klg sk8fx¿ /f]h]/ k7fOlbg] u/]sf] 5' . dnfO{ cldtfe aRrg / ;ndfg vfgsf] klx/gn] k|]l/t u5{ . pgLx¿ h:t} ;kmf r6Ss ldnfP/ nfPsf] dg k5{ . d]/f s]xL ;dsfnLg ;fyLx¿af6 klg d k|efljt 5' . KofA;gsf jl/i7 pkfWoIf l8s] 9'+ufgf tLdWo] Ps x'g\ . bz jif{cl3 / kl5sf] ;"o{ clwsf/Ldf vf;} km/s 5 h:tf] nfUb}g . ljrf/ pxL 5 . km];g p:t} 5 . t/ o;aLrdf klg sof}F ;fyLx¿;Fu e]6]F, sfd u/]F w]/}n] dnfO{ d]/f] ;sf/fTds ;f]r, Jojxf/, d]/f] klx/gsf sf/0f ;DemG5g\ h:tf] nfU5 . w

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gsf/fTds l6Kk0fLaf6 ;'? ePsf] s'/fsfgL / sfdn] ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd lbG5 eGg]df dnfO{ sd} ljZjf; 5 . To;}n] d x/]s If0f, x/]s 7fpFdf x/]s ljifonfO{ ;sf/fTds eP/ ;f]R5' / To;}cg';f/ Jojxf/ u5'{ .

Game Date

2074 Kartik 10-12

2nd

Registration Open Till :

2074 Asoj 3, 4pmRegistration Fee

Rs. 5000 only (Including 1000 refundable)

Please contact for details

Nuwagi Media Pvt. Ltd.Sallaghari, Bhaktapur

Tel.: 01-6612640 | Mobile: 9841754098, 9849126679

Log on to www.futsalday.com to register your team

Hospital Partner

Online Partner

IT Partner

Official Smartphone

Magazine PartnerTV Partner

FM Partner

Supported by

Shanti Special Food

Parichit Fashion Nepal Photosansar

Venue

Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur(Behind Sajha Petrol Pump)

Game Date

2074 Kartik 10-12

2nd

Registration Open Till :

2074 Asoj 3, 4pmRegistration Fee

Rs. 5000 only (Including 1000 refundable)

Please contact for details

Nuwagi Media Pvt. Ltd.Sallaghari, Bhaktapur

Tel.: 01-6612640 | Mobile: 9841754098, 9849126679

Log on to www.futsalday.com to register your team

Hospital Partner

Online Partner

IT Partner

Official Smartphone

Magazine PartnerTV Partner

FM Partner

Supported by

Shanti Special Food

Parichit Fashion Nepal Photosansar

Venue

Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur(Behind Sajha Petrol Pump)

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Transcript of d=If]=x'=lg= b=g+=M !#÷)&÷&$ · d=If]=x'=lg= b=g+=M !#÷)&#÷&$;dfh ljsf;sf] klxnf] v'8\lsnf]...