Journalismus vs. Kunst – Wie viel Kreativität verträgt … · Kulturwirtschaft Berlin Form ......

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Von B und C Hahn und Zimmermann Rathausplatz 3 CH-3011 Bern T +41 (0)31 331 28 70 [email protected] www.von-b-und-c.net Kommunikationsdesign Informationsgrafik Designforschung Journalismus vs. Kunst – Wie viel Kreativität verträgt die Grafik? MAZ, Luzern 17. September 2014

Transcript of Journalismus vs. Kunst – Wie viel Kreativität verträgt … · Kulturwirtschaft Berlin Form ......

Page 1: Journalismus vs. Kunst – Wie viel Kreativität verträgt … · Kulturwirtschaft Berlin Form ... Räumliches Controlling des Kantons Zürich ... der Suche nach Risikokapital für

Von B und CHahn und ZimmermannRathausplatz 3CH-3011 Bern

T +41 (0)31 331 28 [email protected]

KommunikationsdesignInformationsgrafikDesignforschung

Journalismus vs. Kunst – Wie viel Kreativität verträgt die Grafik?–MAZ, Luzern 17. September 2014

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2013

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1–Die Ästhetik grosser Datenmengen

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24/7 The AlibiNew York Times Magazine (2007)

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2–Informationen sichtbar machen

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Kulturwirtschaft BerlinForm – Zeitschrift für Design (2010)

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Institutions etc. 54 Create Berlin e.V. 55 Designerdock Headquarters Limited 56 DMY Berlin 57 IDZ / Internationales Design Zentrum

Berlin e.V. 58 Initiative Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft der

Bundesregierung, Regionalbüro Berlin im Haus der Deutschen Wirtschaft

59 Senatsverwaltung für Wirtschaft, Technologie und Frauen

60 TCC Technologie Coaching Center,Kreativ Coaching Center

Museums 61 Bauhaus-Archiv / Museum für Gestaltung 62 Kunstbibliothek 63 Kunstgewerbemuseum 64 Museum der Dinge / Werkbundarchiv 65 Sammlung Boros, Bunker 66 Sammlung industrielle Gestaltung,

Stiftung Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

67 Schaudepot Buchstabenmuseum

Design galleries 68 Appel Design Gallery 69 Clemens Tissi 70 Designtransfer / UdK Berlin 71 Galerie Arndt & Partner 72 Galerie Ulrich Fiedler 73 Galerie Urban Art Info 74 Hans-Peter Jochum 75 Helmrinderknecht 76 Jackson Design GmbH 77 Karena Schuessler Gallery 78 Neugerriemschneider. 79 Pigasus – Polish Poster Gallery 80 Pool Gallery

Hotels 81 Hotel Casa Camper Berlin 82 Hotel Sarotti-Höfe 83 Michelberger Hotel

Studios 1 Alessio Leonardi 2 Berlin Haushoch 3 Beta Tank 4 Buero Botsch Berlin 5 Bureau Mario Lombardo 6 Designerdeutsch 7 Edenspiekermann Berlin 8 Ett la Benn 9 Fons Hickmann m23 10 FontShop 11 Formfjord 12 Hella Jongerius / Jongeriuslab 13 Hort / Eike König 14 Jerszy Seymour 15 Juli Gudehus 16 Jürgen Mayer H. 17 Lambl / Homburger 18 Llot Llov 19 LucasFonts GmbH 20 Lulu 21 Markus Weissbeck Surface Gesellschaft

für Gestaltung 22 Meiré & Meiré 23 MetaDesign 24 Nadine Schemmann / Plastic Pirate 25 Noshe Andreas Gehrke 26 Oliver Wiegener / Ice Cream For Free™ 27 Sarah Illenberger 28 Sonice Development 29 Studio Aisslinger 30 Studio Hausen

Coworking spaces 31 Aqua Carrè Berlin 32 Betahaus 33 Co.up 34 ÏMA Design Village 35 Impakt berlin 36 Made 37 Raumstation Coworking 38 Studio 70 Coworking Space

Shops 39 Andreas Murkudis 40 Kaufhaus des Westens 41 Modulor 42 Neues Modulor Haus (ab 2011) 43 Space Hall 44 Stilwerk Berlin 45 twinkle*twinkle

Bookstores, publisher 46 25 books, Hannes Wanderer 47 Buchhandlung Walther König

an der Museumsinsel 48 Bücherbogen am Savignyplatz 49 do you read me?! Magazine und Lektüre

der Gegenwart 50 Motto Berlin 51 Nicolai Verlag Berlin 52 Pro qm 53 Robert Klanten / Die Gestalten Verlag

Straße des 17. Juni

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3–Die Kunst, aufzuräumen

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PlanungsinstrumenteHochparterre / ETH Zürich – Institut für Städtebau (2014)

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Kommunale Bau- und Zonenordnung (BZO)

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StimmvolkRegierungsrat

11 Planungs-verbändeZPL*, ZPK*, ZPZ*,ZPP*, ZPG*, ZPF*,RZO, RWU, PZU,ZPW, Stadt Zürich**Dachorganisa-tion: RZU

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11 Regionen des Kantons ZürichDie Stadt Zürich i� nach Planungs- und Baugesetz (PBG) eine Planungsregion

Kanton Zürich1,4 Mio. EinwohnerInnen171 Gemeinden

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Verbindlichkeit: BehördenverbindlichPolitikerInnen (vorwiegend politisch motivierte Entscheidungen)

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Vorbereitende politische, wirtscha� liche und gesellscha� liche Leitbilder

(minde� ens Verkehrsrichtplan zwingend)

Kommunaler Richtplan(Stadt Zürich: Verkehr)

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4–Bewusster Einsatz der WerkzeugeFarben, Format, Linienstärken, Schrift …

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Unser Kampf gegen den Hungermuehlhausmoers/Welthungerhilfe (2014)

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HAITI

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projekte mit 22,5 Mio. Eur projektvolumen

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Projekte zur ländlichen und regionalen Entwicklung 14,7 Mio. eur2012: 38 projekte, 9,4 Mio. eur

Sonstige Projekte 1,1 Mio. eur 2012: 12 projekte, 2,4 Mio. eur

Projekte zur Förderung zivil gesellschaftlicher Strukturen 0,9 Mio. eur 2012: 6 projekte, 0,8 Mio. eur

Nothilfeprojekte 0,9 Mio. eur 2012: 5 projekte, 1,6 Mio. eur

Basisinfrastrukturprojekte4,7 Mio. eur2012: 2 projekte, 3,4 Mio. eur

Projekt zur sozialen Integration und Bildung0,2 Mio. eur2012: 1 projekt, 0,1 Mio. eur

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projektländer der Welthungerhilfe

Projekte zur Mobilisierung 1,1 Mio. eur

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Allein im Jahr 2013 hat die Welthungerhilfe Menschen in 40 Ländern mit 355 Auslandsprojekten* unterstützt. 22 Inlandsprojekte

stärkten das Bewusstsein für Hunger und Armut in der deutschen und europäischen Öffentlichkeit und Politik. Seit ihrer Gründung 1962

förderte die Welthungerhilfe 7.348 Auslandsprojekte mit rund 2,66 Milliarden Euro, davon 5.174 Selbsthilfeprojekte.

unser Kampf gegen den Hunger

* Davon 8 überregionale projekte, die hier nicht abgebildet sind

6DaS tun Wir jahreSbericht 2013 |

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Projekte zur ländlichen und regionalen Entwicklung 11 Mio. eur2012: 68 projekte, 7,6 Mio. eur

Projekte zur sozialen Integration und Bildung2 Mio. eur2012: 17 projekte, 2,1 Mio. eur

Projekte zur Förderung zivilgesellschaftlicher Strukturen2,7 Mio. eur2012: 13 projekte, 2,1 Mio. eur

Basisinfrastrukturprojekte6,8 Mio. eur2012: 12 projekte, 5,3 Mio. eur

Nothilfeprojekte 6,8 Mio. eur 2012: 9 projekte,2 Mio. eur

Sonstige Projekte 2,5 Mio. eur2012: 9 projekte, 2,4 Mio. eur

Projekt zu Gesundheit und HIV & Aids0,7 Mio. eur2012: 1 projekt, 0,6 Mio. eur

AFrIKA 20 länder

projekte mit 81,4 Mio. Eur projektvolumen

Basisinfrastrukturprojekte 18,6 Mio. eur 2012: 25 projekte, 18,4 Mio. eur

Projekte zur sozialen Integration und Bildung 5,1 Mio. eur 2012: 20 projekte, 4,8 Mio. eur

Sonstige Projekte 3,6 Mio. eur 2012: 16 projekte, 3,9 Mio. eur

Projekte zur Förderung zivilgesellschaftlicher Strukturen 0,2 Mio. eur 2012: 3 projekte, 0,6 Mio. eur

Projekte zu Gesundheit und HIV & Aids0,7 Mio. eur2011: 1 projekt, 0,5 Mio. eur

136

Projekte zur ländlichen und regionalen Entwicklung 33,9 Mio. eur2012: 65 projekte, 31,4 Mio. eur

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7 | DaS tun Wir jahreSbericht 2013

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Wem gehört die Welt?DIE ZEIT (2014)

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4–Schrift als Informationsträger

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Wie nützt das Neue?Wirtschaftsmagazin brand eins (2013)

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30 Brand eins 07/13

sCHWerPUnKT: ForTsCHriTT Wagen _TeCHnologie

1. Der Toilettentest

Disruptive Technologie – das rufen sie alle. Zumindest fast alle, die Forschungsgeld für Grundlagenforschung beantragen. Die auf der Suche nach Risikokapital für ein Start-up sind. Die Kunden mit einem Produkt der angeblich ganz neuen Art umwerben. Der Durchbruch ist überall. Im Genom, im ultraleichten Verbundstoff, im mobilen Endgerät mit revolutionärer Benutzerober fläche. Wenn er noch nicht da ist, dann steht er unmittelbar bevor. Zum Nutzen des Einzelnen, der Gesellschaft, der Menschheit.

Neue Techniken kommen als Großmäuler auf die Welt. Sie versprechen viel. Ob der Behauptung auch der Beweis folgt, wer-den die Erfinder in der Regel erst mit grauen Haaren erfahren. Das war schon immer so. Vermutlich muss es so sein. Ein Problem der Gegenwart ist allerdings: Die Frequenz der disruptiven

Wie nützt das Neue? Revolutionäre Technik bringt die Welt voran. Stimmt. Aber leider deutlich seltener als behauptet.

Text: Thomas Ramge Grafik: Von B und C, Hahn und Zimmermann

Anteile der Branchen an den gesamten Forschungs- und Entwicklungsausgaben weltweit (Quelle: Booz & Company)

Chemie und Energie7 %

Software und Internet8 %

Sonstige10 %

Industrie10 %

Auto15 %

Gesundheit22 %

Datenverarbeitung und Elektronik

28 %

>

Legende (Grafik rechts):

CH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SchweizSG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SingapurSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SchwedenNL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .NiederlandeBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BelgienDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DeutschlandUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .USADK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DänemarkFI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .FinnlandNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .NorwegenAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ÖsterreichFR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FrankreichCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KanadaGB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Großbritannien

AU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AustralienTW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TaiwanIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IrlandKR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SüdkoreaJP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .JapanES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SpanienCN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ItalienPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PolenRU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RusslandZA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SüdafrikaTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TürkeiIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IndienBR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brasilien

sCHWerPUnKT: ForTsCHriTT Wagen

Brand eins 07/13 31

Index zur Innovationsfähigkeit der führenden Industrieländer im Jahr 2012Kontinente: Europa, Asien, Nordamerika, Australien, Afrika, Südamerika (Quelle: BDI, Deutsche Telekom Stiftung)

CH77

0

10

20

30

40

50

70

80

ZA

4

Innovationsindikator

SE6060

IE48

AU48

TW48

NO53

BE58DK

54 GB49

JP42

KR44

ES23

CN15

5

PL5

4

IT15

IN

0

BR

0

SG63

CA50

FI54

AT53FR

50

US56

DE56

NL59

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sCHWerPUnKT: ForTsCHriTT Wagen

Brand eins 07/13 35

durch unsere Adern tauchen, um irgendwo im Körper irgend-etwas zu reparieren. Windschutzscheiben, an denen dank Mikro-struktur Wasser schneller abläuft, sind wohl eher als inkrementel-ler Fortschritt zu sehen. Auf dem Gipfel überzogener Erwartungen des aktuellen Gartner’s Hype Cycle stehen gerade 3-D-Druck, Hybrid Cloud Computing und Social-Media-Ana lyse. Big Data

hat nach Einschätzung der Gartner-Analysten bei den Erwartun-gen noch Luft nach oben.

5. Das Alte und das Neue

„Innovation hat immer eine bestimmte Historizität“, sagt Marion Weissenberger-Eibl. Der Satz hängt in der Luft ihres Büros im Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung. Die Professorin und Beraterin der Bundeskanzlerin holt etwas weiter aus, um ihn zu erden. Das Datenkompressionsverfahren MP3 kam zur richtigen Zeit. Unabhängig von der viel diskutierten Frage, wer es erfunden hat und wer damit Geld verdient, verklei-nerte MP3 die Dateigrößen von Musiktiteln, sodass sie auf be-zahlbare Flash-Speicher passten und bei der verfügbaren Daten-Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit schnell im Internet heruntergeladen werden konnten. Heute wäre MP3 als Technik gar nicht mehr so wichtig. Denn auch die Datenmengen von Musik in CD-Qualität passen auf Flash-Speicher und sind im Netz transportfähig. MP3 hat sich clever und zum richtigen Zeitpunkt in unseren Alltag gemogelt, ist aber voraussichtlich kein Standard für die Ewigkeit, sondern unterliegt dem immer wiederkehrenden Zyklus der In-novation. Sein Nutzen nimmt ab. Etwas Neues mit höherem Nutzen wird kommen. Woher? Wir wissen es nicht. Weissen-berger-Eibl bringt es auf die Formel: „Es gibt keine natürliche Erbfolge der Innovation.“ Der Kugelschreiber wurde nicht von einem Füllfederhalterhersteller erfunden, sondern von einem ehe-maligen Versicherungsmakler und Rennfahrer.

Wirklich Neues entsteht meist an den Schnittstellen der Tech-nologien und Disziplinen. Zum Beispiel an den Berührungspunk-ten von IT, Biologie und klassischen Ingenieurswissenschaften. Sie unterwandern alle möglichen Felder von Alltag, Arbeit und Wertschöpfung. Sie machen das Leben des Einzelnen einfacher und mehren den Wohlstand vieler. Sie schaffen das, wenn sie sich nach den Phasen der Ernüchterung in frühen Entwicklungssta-dien als lernfähig erweisen. Und wenn ihre Erfinder und Entwick-ler sich darüber austauschen, wo die neue Technik Mehrwert bringen könnte. Oft kommen die Innovationen gar nicht laut auf die Welt, sondern verstecken sich zunächst hinter den Großspre-chern. Leise Kandidaten wären die Sensorik oder die synthetische Biologie.

Armin Grunwald sagt: „Wir sind zu Hype-Junkies verkom-men.“ Kaum habe eine Technik die Erwartungen an sie nicht er-füllt, gierten wir nach der nächsten. „Die Schere zwischen Hype und technischem Fortschritt geht immer weiter auseinander.“ Den gleichen Eindruck hatte schon ein anderer kluger Beobach-ter des Zeitgeists vor rund drei Jahrzehnten. Der Philosoph Odo Marquard, ein Konservativer, ein Lobbyist der Bewahrung der Gegenwart. Marquard war der Überzeugung: Das Neue muss beweisen, dass es besser ist als das Alte. Nicht umgekehrt.

Die Toilette ist dafür das beste Beispiel. --

Ranking der 20 Unternehmen mit den höchsten Ausgaben für Forschung und Entwicklung im Jahr 2011 (in Milliarden US-Dollar)Branchen: Gesundheit, Datenverarbeitung /Elektronik, Auto(Quelle: Bloomberg; Booz & Company)

NovartisRochePfizerMicrosoftSamsung ElectronicsMerckIntelGeneral MotorsNokiaVolkswagenJohnson & JohnsonSanofiPanasonicHonda MotorGlaxoSmithKlineIBMCisco Systems

Daimler

AstraZeneca

9.9

9.6

9.4

9.1

9

9

8.5

8.4

8.1

7.8

7.7

7.5

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.3

6.3

5.8

5.8

5.5

Toyota

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Kulturwirtschaft BerlinForm – Zeitschrift für Design (2010)

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Entwicklung des Clusters Kommunikation, Medien, Kreativwirtschaft Berlin von 2000–2007 Development of the Berlin cluster communication, media, creative industries from 2000 –2007

Design

Books/Press

Information/Communication

Information/ Communication

Books/Press

Software/Games

Design

Advertising

Architecture

Film/Broadcast

Fine Arts

Performing Arts

Music

Software/Games

Film/Broadcast

MusicFine Arts

Advertising

Architecture

Others

Others

Performing Arts

6.3 %

8 %

7.3 %

4.8 %

9.8 %

11.3 %

9.3 % 8.1 %

2007 20.5 %

10.9 %

14.6 %

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Umsatz /Sales1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

Anzahl Unternehmen /Number of companies

Anzahl Unternehmen/ Number of companies

Umsatz/ Sales

Die Prozentangabe (%) entspricht dem Anteil Unternehmen am Cluster /The percentage (%) corresponds to the share of companies in the cluster.

Zunahme gegenüber Vorjahr / Increase on previous yearAbnahme gegenüber Vorjahr /Decrease on previous year

in Mrd. Euro, gerundet / to the nearest billion euros

2007

200

0

50004000300020001000AAAAAAAAAA

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Social Networking WebsitesBeef Magazine (2009)

Classmates

XangaCare2

BlackPlanetLiveJournal

Vampirefreaks

Habbo

Friends ReunitedDeviantART

Trombi

FriendsterReunion

SkyrockLast.fmFotologPlaxo

iWiW

MySpacehi5

LinkedIn

BadooMultiply WAYNXING

Nexopia

FacebookWindows Live SpacesTaggedOrkut

Netlogimeem

Mixi

HyvesViadeo

Stickam

FlixsterBebo

XiaoneiBuzznetStudiVZmyYearbook

MocoSpace

OdnoklassnikiV KontakteNasza-klasa

CafeMom

itsmyTwitter

SonicoGeni

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

235̓ 000ʼ000

120ʼ000ʼ000

90ʼ000ʼ000

80ʼ000ʼ000

51̓ 000ʼ000

40ʼ000ʼ00036̓ 000ʼ000

30ʼ000ʼ000

29ʼ000ʼ000

17ʼ000ʼ00015̓ 000ʼ000

35̓ 000ʼ000

24̓ 000ʼ000

20ʼ936̓ 509

15̓ 000ʼ000

22ʼ000ʼ00021̓ 000ʼ000

15̓ 000ʼ000 13̓ 000ʼ000

20ʼ000ʼ000

50ʼ000ʼ000

27ʼ000ʼ000

17ʼ564̓ 977

20ʼ000ʼ00019ʼ000ʼ000

70ʼ000ʼ000

67ʼ000ʼ000

63̓ 000ʼ000

117ʼ000ʼ000

253̓ 145̓ 404

50 Internetcommunities mit Launchjahr und UserzahlQuelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites (Stand: 06.03.09)Visualisierung: Hahn und Zimmermann

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Classmates

XangaCare2

BlackPlanetLiveJournal

Vampirefreaks

Habbo

Friends ReunitedDeviantART

Trombi

FriendsterReunion

SkyrockLast.fmFotologPlaxo

iWiW

MySpacehi5

LinkedIn

BadooMultiply WAYNXING

Nexopia

FacebookWindows Live SpacesTaggedOrkut

Netlogimeem

Mixi

HyvesViadeo

Stickam

FlixsterBebo

XiaoneiBuzznetStudiVZmyYearbook

MocoSpace

OdnoklassnikiV KontakteNasza-klasa

CafeMom

itsmyTwitter

SonicoGeni

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

235̓ 000ʼ000

120ʼ000ʼ000

90ʼ000ʼ000

80ʼ000ʼ000

51̓ 000ʼ000

40ʼ000ʼ00036̓ 000ʼ000

30ʼ000ʼ000

29ʼ000ʼ000

17ʼ000ʼ00015̓ 000ʼ000

35̓ 000ʼ000

24̓ 000ʼ000

20ʼ936̓ 509

15̓ 000ʼ000

22ʼ000ʼ00021̓ 000ʼ000

15̓ 000ʼ000 13̓ 000ʼ000

20ʼ000ʼ000

50ʼ000ʼ000

27ʼ000ʼ000

17ʼ564̓ 977

20ʼ000ʼ00019ʼ000ʼ000

70ʼ000ʼ000

67ʼ000ʼ000

63̓ 000ʼ000

117ʼ000ʼ000

253̓ 145̓ 404

50 Internetcommunities mit Launchjahr und UserzahlQuelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites (Stand: 06.03.09)Visualisierung: Hahn und Zimmermann

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5–Visuelle Metapher

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SprachenvielfaltDIE ZEIT (2013)

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QuestionsBank Julius Bär (2011)

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36

Are green investments sustainable?

3738

Are green investments sustainable?

3938

Are green investments sustainable?

problem is the lack of incentives, as long as water can be accessed at low, or even no cost. Governments can do their part to encourage the agricultural sector to adopt modern, water-efficient irrigation. In our view, putting a price on water and more effectively controlling its use both offer promises that might induce farmers to better manage water resources, by providing an economic benefit to switching to newer technologies. The mounting pressure to provide adequate water is likely to encourage reforms in this direction in the future.

Water distribution and treatment infrastructureClearly, water infrastructure in much of the developing world is still unsatisfactory, despite considerable improvements achieved in recent years regarding access to drinking water and proper sanitation. Given the relatively low per capita water consumption levels in the developing versus the developed world to date, the pressure on the existing infrastructure will grow, with water usage expected to rise as economic growth in these regions progresses. More supplies of fresh water must be secured. As a consequence, there will also be more waste water to be deal with. Thus, one could reasonably assume that investment in basic water infrastructure is at very least not going to decline in the years ahead. Releasing water untreated, as often happens these days, inflicts severe long-term damage on the environment, not to mention posing a risk to human health and the future sustainability of the water supply.

River systems in selected areas of the world already are showing signs of a severe deterioration in the quality of their water. In China, for example, no less than 71% of water in its seven largest rivers is labeled as grade 4-5, meaning it is undrinkable. But not only in emerging countries is there a strong need to invest in water infrastructure. The developed world also has considerable gaps to close, given that reinvestment in existing facilities have been neglected in the past years. As a consequence, replacement costs loom in the future as the equipment reaches the end of its useful life.

More crop per drop

Agricultural activity consumes 70% of the demand for fresh water worldwide. Asia, with more than two thirds of global irrigated land, depends heavily on irrigation, especially due to its rice production. While global water scarcity is becoming a serious threat to large areas that represent key growing regions, at the same time, the demand for water by industry and households also is on the rise. Farmers will thus face tough pressure to use water more efficiently. Overall, irrigation infrastructure still has a long ways to go, given that large amounts of water never reach the plants for which the water is intended. Technologies to get “more crop per drop’ are at least, in theory, available. Drip irrigation and improved sprinkler infrastructure can significantly reduce the amounts of water needed. One major impediment however, at least in the developing world, is that farmers have little access to financing they need for capital investments to apply these technologies. Another

Quality of drinking water: US Environmental Protection Agency

39

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532

467

440440

326

184 180

68 %

32 %

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Increase 2005–2030

Industry

DomesticAgriculture

3939

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532

467

440440

326

184 180

68 %

32 %

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Increase 2005–2030

Industry

DomesticAgriculture

Looking for new sources of waterBesides becoming more efficient in how we use water, especially in agriculture, there are opportunities on the supply side that can mitigate the impacts of the widening gap between water’s availability and consumption demand. Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water. Global desalination capacity has grown quite significantly in recent decades, and is expected to continue the upward trend, especially in the regions of the Middle East and Northern Africa. Even though production costs per litre of desalinated water have massively declined, it still remains a relatively expensive and energy-intensive technology. Desalination thus has to compete with other options to improve water supply. One such option is treatment and direct re-use of waste water. Beyond drinking water, and specific industrial applications where highest-quality water is critical, we can substantially reduce pressure on natural water resources if we re-use treated, lower-quality water for certain applications, where suitable.

“Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water.”

Potential options for this are numerous, especially in industry but also in households. We do not need drinking water to flush the toilet. Expansions in treatment capacities and corresponding access to infrastructure are required to harness these technologies. However, as with agricultural irrigation, the key to success will be to give consumers of fresh water real incentives, meaning cost savings, to lead them to invest in equipment to reuse water. Such incentives could include, for example, stricter regulations governing how water is consumed, and/or how it is priced.

Annual water demand: 2030 Water Resources Group

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532 bn m3

300

338 320243

8972181

89

28

117

68100

124

40 9280

2312

21

178

54

467 bn m3

440 bn m3440 bn m3

326 bn m3

184 bn m3 180 bn m3

68 %

32 %

Excellent

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Very poor

Life elapsed

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Water demand in bn m3

Industry

Domestic

Agriculture

Increase in annual water demand (2005–2030)

problem is the lack of incentives, as long as water can be accessed at low, or even no cost. Governments can do their part to encourage the agricultural sector to adopt modern, water-efficient irrigation. In our view, putting a price on water and more effectively controlling its use both offer promises that might induce farmers to better manage water resources, by providing an economic benefit to switching to newer technologies. The mounting pressure to provide adequate water is likely to encourage reforms in this direction in the future.

Water distribution and treatment infrastructureClearly, water infrastructure in much of the developing world is still unsatisfactory, despite considerable improvements achieved in recent years regarding access to drinking water and proper sanitation. Given the relatively low per capita water consumption levels in the developing versus the developed world to date, the pressure on the existing infrastructure will grow, with water usage expected to rise as economic growth in these regions progresses. More supplies of fresh water must be secured. As a consequence, there will also be more waste water to be deal with. Thus, one could reasonably assume that investment in basic water infrastructure is at very least not going to decline in the years ahead. Releasing water untreated, as often happens these days, inflicts severe long-term damage on the environment, not to mention posing a risk to human health and the future sustainability of the water supply.

River systems in selected areas of the world already are showing signs of a severe deterioration in the quality of their water. In China, for example, no less than 71% of water in its seven largest rivers is labeled as grade 4-5, meaning it is undrinkable. But not only in emerging countries is there a strong need to invest in water infrastructure. The developed world also has considerable gaps to close, given that reinvestment in existing facilities have been neglected in the past years. As a consequence, replacement costs loom in the future as the equipment reaches the end of its useful life.

More crop per drop

Agricultural activity consumes 70% of the demand for fresh water worldwide. Asia, with more than two thirds of global irrigated land, depends heavily on irrigation, especially due to its rice production. While global water scarcity is becoming a serious threat to large areas that represent key growing regions, at the same time, the demand for water by industry and households also is on the rise. Farmers will thus face tough pressure to use water more efficiently. Overall, irrigation infrastructure still has a long ways to go, given that large amounts of water never reach the plants for which the water is intended. Technologies to get ‘more crop per drop’ are at least, in theory, available. Drip irrigation and improved sprinkler infrastructure can significantly reduce the amounts of water needed. One major impediment, however, at least in the developing world is that farmers have little access to financing they need for capital investments to apply these technologies. Another

Looking for new sources of waterBesides becoming more efficient in how we use water, especially in agriculture, there are opportunities on the supply side that can mitigate the impacts of the widening gap between water’s availability and consumption demand. Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water. Global desalination capacity has grown quite significantly in recent decades, and is expected to continue the upward trend, especially in the regions of the Middle East and Northern Africa. Even though production costs per litre of desalinated water have massively declined, it still remains a relatively expensive and energy-intensive technology. Desalination thus has to compete with other options to improve water supply. One such option is treatment and direct re-use of waste water. Beyond drinking water, and specific industrial applications where highest-quality water is critical, we can substantially reduce pressure on natural water resources if we re-use treated, lower-quality water for certain applications, where suitable.

“Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water.”

Potential options for this are numerous, especially in industry but also in households. We do not need drinking water to flush the toilet. Expansions in treatment capacities and corresponding access to infrastructure are required to harness these technologies. However, as with agricultural irrigation, the key to success will be to give consumers of fresh water real incentives, meaning cost savings, to lead them to invest in equipment to reuse water. Such incentives could include, for example, stricter regulations governing how water is consumed, and/or how it is priced.

Quality of US drinking water infrastructure Source: US Environmental Protection Agency, 2002

38

Are green investments sustainable?

problem is the lack of incentives, as long as water can be accessed at low, or even no cost. Governments can do their part to encourage the agricultural sector to adopt modern, water-efficient irrigation. In our view, putting a price on water and more effectively controlling its use both offer promises that might induce farmers to better manage water resources, by providing an economic benefit to switching to newer technologies. The mounting pressure to provide adequate water is likely to encourage reforms in this direction in the future.

Water distribution and treatment infrastructureClearly, water infrastructure in much of the developing world is still unsatisfactory, despite considerable improvements achieved in recent years regarding access to drinking water and proper sanitation. Given the relatively low per capita water consumption levels in the developing versus the developed world to date, the pressure on the existing infrastructure will grow, with water usage expected to rise as economic growth in these regions progresses. More supplies of fresh water must be secured. As a consequence, there will also be more waste water to be deal with. Thus, one could reasonably assume that investment in basic water infrastructure is at very least not going to decline in the years ahead. Releasing water untreated, as often happens these days, inflicts severe long-term damage on the environment, not to mention posing a risk to human health and the future sustainability of the water supply.

River systems in selected areas of the world already are showing signs of a severe deterioration in the quality of their water. In China, for example, no less than 71% of water in its seven largest rivers is labeled as grade 4-5, meaning it is undrinkable. But not only in emerging countries is there a strong need to invest in water infrastructure. The developed world also has considerable gaps to close, given that reinvestment in existing facilities have been neglected in the past years. As a consequence, replacement costs loom in the future as the equipment reaches the end of its useful life.

More crop per drop

Agricultural activity consumes 70% of the demand for fresh water worldwide. Asia, with more than two thirds of global irrigated land, depends heavily on irrigation, especially due to its rice production. While global water scarcity is becoming a serious threat to large areas that represent key growing regions, at the same time, the demand for water by industry and households also is on the rise. Farmers will thus face tough pressure to use water more efficiently. Overall, irrigation infrastructure still has a long ways to go, given that large amounts of water never reach the plants for which the water is intended. Technologies to get “more crop per drop’ are at least, in theory, available. Drip irrigation and improved sprinkler infrastructure can significantly reduce the amounts of water needed. One major impediment however, at least in the developing world, is that farmers have little access to financing they need for capital investments to apply these technologies. Another

Quality of drinking water: US Environmental Protection Agency

39

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532

467

440440

326

184 180

68 %

32 %

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Increase 2005–2030

Industry

DomesticAgriculture

3939

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532

467

440440

326

184 180

68 %

32 %

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Increase 2005–2030

Industry

DomesticAgriculture

Looking for new sources of waterBesides becoming more efficient in how we use water, especially in agriculture, there are opportunities on the supply side that can mitigate the impacts of the widening gap between water’s availability and consumption demand. Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water. Global desalination capacity has grown quite significantly in recent decades, and is expected to continue the upward trend, especially in the regions of the Middle East and Northern Africa. Even though production costs per litre of desalinated water have massively declined, it still remains a relatively expensive and energy-intensive technology. Desalination thus has to compete with other options to improve water supply. One such option is treatment and direct re-use of waste water. Beyond drinking water, and specific industrial applications where highest-quality water is critical, we can substantially reduce pressure on natural water resources if we re-use treated, lower-quality water for certain applications, where suitable.

“Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water.”

Potential options for this are numerous, especially in industry but also in households. We do not need drinking water to flush the toilet. Expansions in treatment capacities and corresponding access to infrastructure are required to harness these technologies. However, as with agricultural irrigation, the key to success will be to give consumers of fresh water real incentives, meaning cost savings, to lead them to invest in equipment to reuse water. Such incentives could include, for example, stricter regulations governing how water is consumed, and/or how it is priced.

Annual water demand: 2030 Water Resources Group

Industry

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532 bn m3

467 bn m3

440 bn m3440 bn m3

326 bn m3

184 bn m3 180 bn m3

68 %

32 %

Excellent

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Very poor

Life elapsed

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Water demand in bn m3 Domestic

Agriculture

Increase in annual water demand (2005–2030)

Expected increase in annual water demand 2005-2030 Source: 2030 Water Resources Group, 2009

Industry

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-Saharan AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532 bn m3

467 bn m3

440 bn m3440 bn m3

326 bn m3

184 bn m3 180 bn m3

68 %

32 %

Excellent

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Very poor

Life elapsed

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Water demand in billion

cubic metreHousehold

Agriculture

Increase in annual water demand (2005–2030)

problem is the lack of incentives, as long as water can be accessed at low, or even no cost. Governments can do their part to encourage the agricultural sector to adopt modern, water-efficient irrigation. In our view, putting a price on water and more effectively controlling its use both offer promises that might induce farmers to better manage water resources, by providing an economic benefit to switching to newer technologies. The mounting pressure to provide adequate water is likely to encourage reforms in this direction in the future.

Water distribution and treatment infrastructureClearly, water infrastructure in much of the developing world is still unsatisfactory, despite considerable improvements achieved in recent years regarding access to drinking water and proper sanitation. Given the relatively low per capita water consumption levels in the developing versus the developed world to date, the pressure on the existing infrastructure will grow, with water usage expected to rise as economic growth in these regions progresses. More supplies of fresh water must be secured. As a consequence, there will also be more waste water to be deal with. Thus, one could reasonably assume that investment in basic water infrastructure is at very least not going to decline in the years ahead. Releasing water untreated, as often happens these days, inflicts severe long-term damage on the environment, not to mention posing a risk to human health and the future sustainability of the water supply.

River systems in selected areas of the world already are showing signs of a severe deterioration in the quality of their water. In China, for example, no less than 71% of water in its seven largest rivers is labeled as grade 4–5, meaning it is undrinkable. But not only in emerging countries is there a strong need to invest in water infrastructure. The developed world also has considerable gaps to close, given that reinvestment in existing facilities have been neglected in the past years. As a consequence, replacement costs loom in the future as the equipment reaches the end of its useful life.

More crop per drop

Agricultural activity consumes 70% of the demand for fresh water worldwide. Asia, with more than two thirds of global irrigated land, depends heavily on irrigation, especially due to its rice production. While global water scarcity is becoming a serious threat to large areas that represent key growing regions, at the same time, the demand for water by industry and households also is on the rise. Farmers will thus face tough pressure to use water more efficiently. Overall, irrigation infrastructure still has a long ways to go, given that large amounts of water never reach the plants for which the water is intended. Technologies to get ‘more crop per drop’ are at least, in theory, available. Drip irrigation and improved sprinkler infrastructure can significantly reduce the amounts of water needed. One major impediment, however, at least in the developing world is that farmers have little access to financing they need for capital investments to apply these technologies. Another

Looking for new sources of waterBesides becoming more efficient in how we use water, especially in agriculture, there are opportunities on the supply side that can mitigate the impacts of the widening gap between water’s availability and consumption demand. Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water. Global desalination capacity has grown quite significantly in recent decades, and is expected to continue the upward trend, especially in the regions of the Middle East and Northern Africa. Even though production costs per litre of desalinated water have massively declined, it still remains a relatively expensive and energy-intensive technology. Desalination thus has to compete with other options to improve water supply. One such option is treatment and direct reuse of waste water. Beyond drinking water, and specific industrial applications where highest-quality water is critical, we can substantially reduce pressure on natural water resources if we reuse treated, lower-quality water for certain applications, where suitable.

“Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water.”

Potential options for this are numerous, especially in industry but also in households. We do not need drinking water to flush the toilet. Expansions in treatment capacities and corresponding access to infrastructure are required to harness these technologies. However, as with agricultural irrigation, the key to success will be to give consumers of fresh water real incentives, meaning cost savings, to lead them to invest in equipment to reuse water. Such incentives could include, for example, stricter regulations governing how water is consumed, and/or how it is priced.

Quality of US drinking water infrastructureUS Environmental Protection Agency, 2002

38

Are green investments sustainable?

3938

Are green investments sustainable?

problem is the lack of incentives, as long as water can be accessed at low, or even no cost. Governments can do their part to encourage the agricultural sector to adopt modern, water-efficient irrigation. In our view, putting a price on water and more effectively controlling its use both offer promises that might induce farmers to better manage water resources, by providing an economic benefit to switching to newer technologies. The mounting pressure to provide adequate water is likely to encourage reforms in this direction in the future.

Water distribution and treatment infrastructureClearly, water infrastructure in much of the developing world is still unsatisfactory, despite considerable improvements achieved in recent years regarding access to drinking water and proper sanitation. Given the relatively low per capita water consumption levels in the developing versus the developed world to date, the pressure on the existing infrastructure will grow, with water usage expected to rise as economic growth in these regions progresses. More supplies of fresh water must be secured. As a consequence, there will also be more waste water to be deal with. Thus, one could reasonably assume that investment in basic water infrastructure is at very least not going to decline in the years ahead. Releasing water untreated, as often happens these days, inflicts severe long-term damage on the environment, not to mention posing a risk to human health and the future sustainability of the water supply.

River systems in selected areas of the world already are showing signs of a severe deterioration in the quality of their water. In China, for example, no less than 71% of water in its seven largest rivers is labeled as grade 4-5, meaning it is undrinkable. But not only in emerging countries is there a strong need to invest in water infrastructure. The developed world also has considerable gaps to close, given that reinvestment in existing facilities have been neglected in the past years. As a consequence, replacement costs loom in the future as the equipment reaches the end of its useful life.

More crop per drop

Agricultural activity consumes 70% of the demand for fresh water worldwide. Asia, with more than two thirds of global irrigated land, depends heavily on irrigation, especially due to its rice production. While global water scarcity is becoming a serious threat to large areas that represent key growing regions, at the same time, the demand for water by industry and households also is on the rise. Farmers will thus face tough pressure to use water more efficiently. Overall, irrigation infrastructure still has a long ways to go, given that large amounts of water never reach the plants for which the water is intended. Technologies to get “more crop per drop’ are at least, in theory, available. Drip irrigation and improved sprinkler infrastructure can significantly reduce the amounts of water needed. One major impediment however, at least in the developing world, is that farmers have little access to financing they need for capital investments to apply these technologies. Another

Quality of drinking water: US Environmental Protection Agency

39

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532

467

440440

326

184 180

68 %

32 %

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Increase 2005–2030

Industry

DomesticAgriculture

3939

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532

467

440440

326

184 180

68 %

32 %

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Increase 2005–2030

Industry

DomesticAgriculture

Looking for new sources of waterBesides becoming more efficient in how we use water, especially in agriculture, there are opportunities on the supply side that can mitigate the impacts of the widening gap between water’s availability and consumption demand. Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water. Global desalination capacity has grown quite significantly in recent decades, and is expected to continue the upward trend, especially in the regions of the Middle East and Northern Africa. Even though production costs per litre of desalinated water have massively declined, it still remains a relatively expensive and energy-intensive technology. Desalination thus has to compete with other options to improve water supply. One such option is treatment and direct re-use of waste water. Beyond drinking water, and specific industrial applications where highest-quality water is critical, we can substantially reduce pressure on natural water resources if we re-use treated, lower-quality water for certain applications, where suitable.

“Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water.”

Potential options for this are numerous, especially in industry but also in households. We do not need drinking water to flush the toilet. Expansions in treatment capacities and corresponding access to infrastructure are required to harness these technologies. However, as with agricultural irrigation, the key to success will be to give consumers of fresh water real incentives, meaning cost savings, to lead them to invest in equipment to reuse water. Such incentives could include, for example, stricter regulations governing how water is consumed, and/or how it is priced.

Annual water demand: 2030 Water Resources Group

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532 bn m3

300

338 320243

8972181

89

28

117

68100

124

40 9280

2312

21

178

54

467 bn m3

440 bn m3440 bn m3

326 bn m3

184 bn m3 180 bn m3

68 %

32 %

Excellent

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Very poor

Life elapsed

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Water demand in bn m3

Industry

Domestic

Agriculture

Increase in annual water demand (2005–2030)

problem is the lack of incentives, as long as water can be accessed at low, or even no cost. Governments can do their part to encourage the agricultural sector to adopt modern, water-efficient irrigation. In our view, putting a price on water and more effectively controlling its use both offer promises that might induce farmers to better manage water resources, by providing an economic benefit to switching to newer technologies. The mounting pressure to provide adequate water is likely to encourage reforms in this direction in the future.

Water distribution and treatment infrastructureClearly, water infrastructure in much of the developing world is still unsatisfactory, despite considerable improvements achieved in recent years regarding access to drinking water and proper sanitation. Given the relatively low per capita water consumption levels in the developing versus the developed world to date, the pressure on the existing infrastructure will grow, with water usage expected to rise as economic growth in these regions progresses. More supplies of fresh water must be secured. As a consequence, there will also be more waste water to be deal with. Thus, one could reasonably assume that investment in basic water infrastructure is at very least not going to decline in the years ahead. Releasing water untreated, as often happens these days, inflicts severe long-term damage on the environment, not to mention posing a risk to human health and the future sustainability of the water supply.

River systems in selected areas of the world already are showing signs of a severe deterioration in the quality of their water. In China, for example, no less than 71% of water in its seven largest rivers is labeled as grade 4-5, meaning it is undrinkable. But not only in emerging countries is there a strong need to invest in water infrastructure. The developed world also has considerable gaps to close, given that reinvestment in existing facilities have been neglected in the past years. As a consequence, replacement costs loom in the future as the equipment reaches the end of its useful life.

More crop per drop

Agricultural activity consumes 70% of the demand for fresh water worldwide. Asia, with more than two thirds of global irrigated land, depends heavily on irrigation, especially due to its rice production. While global water scarcity is becoming a serious threat to large areas that represent key growing regions, at the same time, the demand for water by industry and households also is on the rise. Farmers will thus face tough pressure to use water more efficiently. Overall, irrigation infrastructure still has a long ways to go, given that large amounts of water never reach the plants for which the water is intended. Technologies to get ‘more crop per drop’ are at least, in theory, available. Drip irrigation and improved sprinkler infrastructure can significantly reduce the amounts of water needed. One major impediment, however, at least in the developing world is that farmers have little access to financing they need for capital investments to apply these technologies. Another

Looking for new sources of waterBesides becoming more efficient in how we use water, especially in agriculture, there are opportunities on the supply side that can mitigate the impacts of the widening gap between water’s availability and consumption demand. Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water. Global desalination capacity has grown quite significantly in recent decades, and is expected to continue the upward trend, especially in the regions of the Middle East and Northern Africa. Even though production costs per litre of desalinated water have massively declined, it still remains a relatively expensive and energy-intensive technology. Desalination thus has to compete with other options to improve water supply. One such option is treatment and direct re-use of waste water. Beyond drinking water, and specific industrial applications where highest-quality water is critical, we can substantially reduce pressure on natural water resources if we re-use treated, lower-quality water for certain applications, where suitable.

“Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water.”

Potential options for this are numerous, especially in industry but also in households. We do not need drinking water to flush the toilet. Expansions in treatment capacities and corresponding access to infrastructure are required to harness these technologies. However, as with agricultural irrigation, the key to success will be to give consumers of fresh water real incentives, meaning cost savings, to lead them to invest in equipment to reuse water. Such incentives could include, for example, stricter regulations governing how water is consumed, and/or how it is priced.

Quality of US drinking water infrastructure Source: US Environmental Protection Agency, 2002

38

Are green investments sustainable?

problem is the lack of incentives, as long as water can be accessed at low, or even no cost. Governments can do their part to encourage the agricultural sector to adopt modern, water-efficient irrigation. In our view, putting a price on water and more effectively controlling its use both offer promises that might induce farmers to better manage water resources, by providing an economic benefit to switching to newer technologies. The mounting pressure to provide adequate water is likely to encourage reforms in this direction in the future.

Water distribution and treatment infrastructureClearly, water infrastructure in much of the developing world is still unsatisfactory, despite considerable improvements achieved in recent years regarding access to drinking water and proper sanitation. Given the relatively low per capita water consumption levels in the developing versus the developed world to date, the pressure on the existing infrastructure will grow, with water usage expected to rise as economic growth in these regions progresses. More supplies of fresh water must be secured. As a consequence, there will also be more waste water to be deal with. Thus, one could reasonably assume that investment in basic water infrastructure is at very least not going to decline in the years ahead. Releasing water untreated, as often happens these days, inflicts severe long-term damage on the environment, not to mention posing a risk to human health and the future sustainability of the water supply.

River systems in selected areas of the world already are showing signs of a severe deterioration in the quality of their water. In China, for example, no less than 71% of water in its seven largest rivers is labeled as grade 4-5, meaning it is undrinkable. But not only in emerging countries is there a strong need to invest in water infrastructure. The developed world also has considerable gaps to close, given that reinvestment in existing facilities have been neglected in the past years. As a consequence, replacement costs loom in the future as the equipment reaches the end of its useful life.

More crop per drop

Agricultural activity consumes 70% of the demand for fresh water worldwide. Asia, with more than two thirds of global irrigated land, depends heavily on irrigation, especially due to its rice production. While global water scarcity is becoming a serious threat to large areas that represent key growing regions, at the same time, the demand for water by industry and households also is on the rise. Farmers will thus face tough pressure to use water more efficiently. Overall, irrigation infrastructure still has a long ways to go, given that large amounts of water never reach the plants for which the water is intended. Technologies to get “more crop per drop’ are at least, in theory, available. Drip irrigation and improved sprinkler infrastructure can significantly reduce the amounts of water needed. One major impediment however, at least in the developing world, is that farmers have little access to financing they need for capital investments to apply these technologies. Another

Quality of drinking water: US Environmental Protection Agency

39

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532

467

440440

326

184 180

68 %

32 %

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Increase 2005–2030

Industry

DomesticAgriculture

3939

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532

467

440440

326

184 180

68 %

32 %

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Increase 2005–2030

Industry

DomesticAgriculture

Looking for new sources of waterBesides becoming more efficient in how we use water, especially in agriculture, there are opportunities on the supply side that can mitigate the impacts of the widening gap between water’s availability and consumption demand. Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water. Global desalination capacity has grown quite significantly in recent decades, and is expected to continue the upward trend, especially in the regions of the Middle East and Northern Africa. Even though production costs per litre of desalinated water have massively declined, it still remains a relatively expensive and energy-intensive technology. Desalination thus has to compete with other options to improve water supply. One such option is treatment and direct re-use of waste water. Beyond drinking water, and specific industrial applications where highest-quality water is critical, we can substantially reduce pressure on natural water resources if we re-use treated, lower-quality water for certain applications, where suitable.

“Desalination of saltwater is one way to increase the supply of fresh water.”

Potential options for this are numerous, especially in industry but also in households. We do not need drinking water to flush the toilet. Expansions in treatment capacities and corresponding access to infrastructure are required to harness these technologies. However, as with agricultural irrigation, the key to success will be to give consumers of fresh water real incentives, meaning cost savings, to lead them to invest in equipment to reuse water. Such incentives could include, for example, stricter regulations governing how water is consumed, and/or how it is priced.

Annual water demand: 2030 Water Resources Group

Industry

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-South AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532 bn m3

467 bn m3

440 bn m3440 bn m3

326 bn m3

184 bn m3 180 bn m3

68 %

32 %

Excellent

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Very poor

Life elapsed

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Water demand in bn m3 Domestic

Agriculture

Increase in annual water demand (2005–2030)

Expected increase in annual water demand 2005-2030 Source: 2030 Water Resources Group, 2009

Industry

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-Saharan AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532 bn m3

467 bn m3

440 bn m3440 bn m3

326 bn m3

184 bn m3 180 bn m3

68 %

32 %

Excellent

Excellent

19 %

11 %

Good

Good

12 %

3 %

Fair

Fair

13 %

3 %

Poor

Poor

23 %

2 %

Very poor

Very poor

Life elapsed

Life elapsed

5 %

9 %

Water demand in billion

cubic metreHousehold

Agriculture

Increase in annual water demand (2005–2030)

Expected increase in annual water demand 2000–20302030 Water Resources Group, 2009

2020

1980

South AmericaNorth America Europe

Sub-Saharan AfricaRest of AsiaChina India

532 bn m3

467 bn m3

440 bn m3440 bn m3

326 bn m3

184 bn m3 180 bn m3

68%

32%

Excellent

Excellent

19%

11%

Good

Good

12%

3%

Fair

Fair

13%

3%

Poor

Poor

23%

2%

Very poor

Very poor

Life elapsed

Life elapsed

5%

9%

Industry

Water demand in billion

cubic metresHousehold

Agriculture

Increase in annual water demand (2005–2030)

© H

ahn

und

Zim

mer

man

n, 2

014

Page 30: Journalismus vs. Kunst – Wie viel Kreativität verträgt … · Kulturwirtschaft Berlin Form ... Räumliches Controlling des Kantons Zürich ... der Suche nach Risikokapital für

44

Are green investments sustainable?

45

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth. To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphor and potash, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well-balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand

in developing regions, which is set to continue. Fertilisers wrongly applied, however, pose significant hazards to the environment, and to soil quality, and can also affect water resources, damage that might be irreversible. Such adverse outcomes have put severe strain on the ecosystems in the past. Yet environmental damage associated with fertilisers can be substantially reduced if these are applied correctly based on plant needs, while the benefits can be fully exploited. The challenge in the future will be to mitigate the potential damage to the environment that may result from fertilisers, even as the volumes in use are set to grow. Comprehensive solutions to manage nutrients include speciality fertilisers targeted to specific needs of plants and soil. Making professional advice available to farmers is also key. These aspects will play a major part in sustainable use of fertilisers in the future.

Agricultural equipment

In developed countries, mechanised production has largely replaced human labour in agriculture. This has facilitated large-scale farming, and has allowed

for enormous gains in productivity. While countries in the developing world are still in the process of introducing more machinery as they increasingly industrialise, a large share of the work in many of these places is still done by hand labour and animal strength. More widespread use of machinery to produce food crops in these countries is needed as urbanisation and jobs in other sectors attract rural dwellers away from the land. The trend towards substituting mechanisation for backbreaking human labour is driving demand for basic, small-scale equipment. This is true especially in parts of the developing world where farms are still relatively small, and thus unsuited for heavy machinery. Meanwhile in the developed world, changes underway include ‘precision farming practices’.GPS-navigated machinery and measuring soil quality via satellite are some of the ways farming and IT are being combined to allow far more precise applications of pesticides, water and fertilisers. Besides potential to increase profitability of production and reduce volatility of crop yields, such techniques can reduce the adverse effects on the environment caused by agriculture.

Developing world – expected change in agricultural power mix United Nations, 2003

Ferteliser usage and corn yieldInternational Fertilizer Industry Association, 2009

46

Are green investments sustainable?

47

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth. To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphor and potash, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well-balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand

in developing regions, which is set to continue. Fertilisers wrongly applied, however, pose significant hazards to the environment, and to soil quality, and can also affect water resources, damage that might be irreversible. Such adverse outcomes have put severe strain on the ecosystems in the past. Yet environmental damage associated with fertilisers can be substantially reduced if these are applied correctly based on plant needs, while the benefits can be fully exploited. The challenge in the future will be to mitigate the potential damage to the environment that may result from fertilisers, even as the volumes in use are set to grow. Comprehensive solutions to manage nutrients include speciality fertilisers targeted to specific needs of plants and soil. Making professional advice available to farmers is also key. These aspects will play a major part in sustainable use of fertilisers in the future.

Agricultural equipment

In developed countries, mechanised production has largely replaced human labour in agriculture. This has facilitated large-scale farming, and has allowed

for enormous gains in productivity. While countries in the developing world are still in the process of introducing more machinery as they increasingly industrialise, a large share of the work in many of these places is still done by hand labour and animal strength. More widespread use of machinery to produce food crops in these countries is needed as urbanisation and jobs in other sectors attract rural dwellers away from the land. The trend towards substituting mechanisation for backbreaking human labour is driving demand for basic, small-scale equipment. This is true especially in parts of the developing world where farms are still relatively small, and thus unsuited for heavy machinery. Meanwhile in the developed world, changes underway include ‘precision farming practices’.GPS-navigated machinery and measuring soil quality via satellite are some of the ways farming and IT are being combined to allow far more precise applications of pesticides, water and fertilisers. Besides potential to increase profitability of production and reduce volatility of crop yields, such techniques can reduce the adverse effects on the environment caused by agriculture.

Developing world - expected change in agricultural power mix Source: United Nations, 2003

Ferteliser usage and corn yield Source: International Fertiliser Industry Association, 2009

46

Are green investments sustainable?

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth.

To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue. ”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.

Ferteliser usage and corn yield: Fertecon

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

47

Fertilisers wrongly applied, however, pose significant hazards to the environment, and to soil quality, and can also affect water resources, damage that might be irreversible. Such adverse outcomes have put severe strain on the ecosystems in the past. Yet environmental damage associated with fertilisers can be substantially reduced if these are applied correctly based on plant needs, while the benefits can be fully exploited. The challenge in the future will be to mitigate the potential damage to the environment that may result from fertilisers, even as the volumes in use are set to grow. Comprehensive solutions to manage nutrients include speciality fertilisers targeted to specific needs of plants and soil. Making professional advice available to farmers is also key. These aspects will play a major part in sustainable use of fertilisers in the future.

Agricultural equipment

In developed countries, mechanised production has largely replaced human labour in agriculture. This has facilitated large-scale farming, and has allowed for enormous gains in productivity. While countries

in the developing world are still in the process of introducing more machinery as they increasingly industrialise, a large share of the work in many of these places is still done by hand labour and animal strength. More widespread use of machinery to produce food crops in these countries is needed as urbanisation and jobs in other sectors attract rural dwellers away from the landw. The trend towards substituting mechanisation for backbreaking human labour is driving demand for basic, small-scale equipment. This is true especially in parts of the developing world where farms are still relatively small, and thus unsuited for heavy machinery. Meanwhile in the developed world, changes underway include “precision farming practices’. GPS-navigated machinery and measuring soil quality via satellite are some of the ways farming and IT are being combined to allow far more precise applications of pesticides, water and fertilisers. Besides potential to increase profitability of production and reduce volatility of crop yields, such techniques can reduce the adverse effects on the environment caused by agriculture.

Developing world – Expected change in agricultural power mix Bundesamt für Energie, Gesamtenergiestatistik 2009

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

46

Are green investments sustainable?

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth.

To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue. ”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.

Ferteliser usage and corn yield: Fertecon

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Tractor2030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Potash

Phosphor

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Nitrogen

Western EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Corn yield (t/ha)

20

15

130

4.815 3

42

1.6

15550

70

7.6

52

58140

7

2000

46

Are green investments sustainable?

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth.

To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue. ”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.

Ferteliser usage and corn yield: Fertecon

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

47

Fertilisers wrongly applied, however, pose significant hazards to the environment, and to soil quality, and can also affect water resources, damage that might be irreversible. Such adverse outcomes have put severe strain on the ecosystems in the past. Yet environmental damage associated with fertilisers can be substantially reduced if these are applied correctly based on plant needs, while the benefits can be fully exploited. The challenge in the future will be to mitigate the potential damage to the environment that may result from fertilisers, even as the volumes in use are set to grow. Comprehensive solutions to manage nutrients include speciality fertilisers targeted to specific needs of plants and soil. Making professional advice available to farmers is also key. These aspects will play a major part in sustainable use of fertilisers in the future.

Agricultural equipment

In developed countries, mechanised production has largely replaced human labour in agriculture. This has facilitated large-scale farming, and has allowed for enormous gains in productivity. While countries

in the developing world are still in the process of introducing more machinery as they increasingly industrialise, a large share of the work in many of these places is still done by hand labour and animal strength. More widespread use of machinery to produce food crops in these countries is needed as urbanisation and jobs in other sectors attract rural dwellers away from the landw. The trend towards substituting mechanisation for backbreaking human labour is driving demand for basic, small-scale equipment. This is true especially in parts of the developing world where farms are still relatively small, and thus unsuited for heavy machinery. Meanwhile in the developed world, changes underway include “precision farming practices’. GPS-navigated machinery and measuring soil quality via satellite are some of the ways farming and IT are being combined to allow far more precise applications of pesticides, water and fertilisers. Besides potential to increase profitability of production and reduce volatility of crop yields, such techniques can reduce the adverse effects on the environment caused by agriculture.

Developing world – Expected change in agricultural power mix Bundesamt für Energie, Gesamtenergiestatistik 2009

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

46

Are green investments sustainable?

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth.

To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue. ”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.

Ferteliser usage and corn yield: Fertecon

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Tractor2030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Potash

Phosphor

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Nitrogen

Western EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Corn yield (t/ha)

20

15

130

4.815 3

42

1.6

15550

70

7.6

52

58140

7

2000

46

Are green investments sustainable?

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth.

To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue. ”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.

Ferteliser usage and corn yield: Fertecon

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Tractor2030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Potash

Phosphor

Fertiliser (kilogramme/hectare)

Nitrogen

Western EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Corn yield (tonnes/hectare)

20

15

130

4.815 3

42

1.6

15550

70

7.6

52

58140

7

2000

46

Are green investments sustainable?

47

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth. To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphor and potash, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well-balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand

in developing regions, which is set to continue. Fertilisers wrongly applied, however, pose significant hazards to the environment, and to soil quality, and can also affect water resources, damage that might be irreversible. Such adverse outcomes have put severe strain on the ecosystems in the past. Yet environmental damage associated with fertilisers can be substantially reduced if these are applied correctly based on plant needs, while the benefits can be fully exploited. The challenge in the future will be to mitigate the potential damage to the environment that may result from fertilisers, even as the volumes in use are set to grow. Comprehensive solutions to manage nutrients include speciality fertilisers targeted to specific needs of plants and soil. Making professional advice available to farmers is also key. These aspects will play a major part in sustainable use of fertilisers in the future.

Agricultural equipment

In developed countries, mechanised production has largely replaced human labour in agriculture. This has facilitated large-scale farming, and has allowed

for enormous gains in productivity. While countries in the developing world are still in the process of introducing more machinery as they increasingly industrialise, a large share of the work in many of these places is still done by hand labour and animal strength. More widespread use of machinery to produce food crops in these countries is needed as urbanisation and jobs in other sectors attract rural dwellers away from the land. The trend towards substituting mechanisation for backbreaking human labour is driving demand for basic, small-scale equipment. This is true especially in parts of the developing world where farms are still relatively small, and thus unsuited for heavy machinery. Meanwhile in the developed world, changes underway include ‘precision farming practices’.GPS-navigated machinery and measuring soil quality via satellite are some of the ways farming and IT are being combined to allow far more precise applications of pesticides, water and fertilisers. Besides potential to increase profitability of production and reduce volatility of crop yields, such techniques can reduce the adverse effects on the environment caused by agriculture.

Developing world - expected change in agricultural power mix Source: United Nations, 2003

Ferteliser usage and corn yield Source: International Fertiliser Industry Association, 2009

46

Are green investments sustainable?

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth.

To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue. ”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.

Ferteliser usage and corn yield: Fertecon

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

47

Fertilisers wrongly applied, however, pose significant hazards to the environment, and to soil quality, and can also affect water resources, damage that might be irreversible. Such adverse outcomes have put severe strain on the ecosystems in the past. Yet environmental damage associated with fertilisers can be substantially reduced if these are applied correctly based on plant needs, while the benefits can be fully exploited. The challenge in the future will be to mitigate the potential damage to the environment that may result from fertilisers, even as the volumes in use are set to grow. Comprehensive solutions to manage nutrients include speciality fertilisers targeted to specific needs of plants and soil. Making professional advice available to farmers is also key. These aspects will play a major part in sustainable use of fertilisers in the future.

Agricultural equipment

In developed countries, mechanised production has largely replaced human labour in agriculture. This has facilitated large-scale farming, and has allowed for enormous gains in productivity. While countries

in the developing world are still in the process of introducing more machinery as they increasingly industrialise, a large share of the work in many of these places is still done by hand labour and animal strength. More widespread use of machinery to produce food crops in these countries is needed as urbanisation and jobs in other sectors attract rural dwellers away from the landw. The trend towards substituting mechanisation for backbreaking human labour is driving demand for basic, small-scale equipment. This is true especially in parts of the developing world where farms are still relatively small, and thus unsuited for heavy machinery. Meanwhile in the developed world, changes underway include “precision farming practices’. GPS-navigated machinery and measuring soil quality via satellite are some of the ways farming and IT are being combined to allow far more precise applications of pesticides, water and fertilisers. Besides potential to increase profitability of production and reduce volatility of crop yields, such techniques can reduce the adverse effects on the environment caused by agriculture.

Developing world – Expected change in agricultural power mix Bundesamt für Energie, Gesamtenergiestatistik 2009

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

46

Are green investments sustainable?

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth.

To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue. ”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.

Ferteliser usage and corn yield: Fertecon

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Tractor2030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Potash

Phosphor

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Nitrogen

Western EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Corn yield (t/ha)

20

15

130

4.815 3

42

1.6

15550

70

7.6

52

58140

7

2000

46

Are green investments sustainable?

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth.

To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue. ”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.

Ferteliser usage and corn yield: Fertecon

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

47

Fertilisers wrongly applied, however, pose significant hazards to the environment, and to soil quality, and can also affect water resources, damage that might be irreversible. Such adverse outcomes have put severe strain on the ecosystems in the past. Yet environmental damage associated with fertilisers can be substantially reduced if these are applied correctly based on plant needs, while the benefits can be fully exploited. The challenge in the future will be to mitigate the potential damage to the environment that may result from fertilisers, even as the volumes in use are set to grow. Comprehensive solutions to manage nutrients include speciality fertilisers targeted to specific needs of plants and soil. Making professional advice available to farmers is also key. These aspects will play a major part in sustainable use of fertilisers in the future.

Agricultural equipment

In developed countries, mechanised production has largely replaced human labour in agriculture. This has facilitated large-scale farming, and has allowed for enormous gains in productivity. While countries

in the developing world are still in the process of introducing more machinery as they increasingly industrialise, a large share of the work in many of these places is still done by hand labour and animal strength. More widespread use of machinery to produce food crops in these countries is needed as urbanisation and jobs in other sectors attract rural dwellers away from the landw. The trend towards substituting mechanisation for backbreaking human labour is driving demand for basic, small-scale equipment. This is true especially in parts of the developing world where farms are still relatively small, and thus unsuited for heavy machinery. Meanwhile in the developed world, changes underway include “precision farming practices’. GPS-navigated machinery and measuring soil quality via satellite are some of the ways farming and IT are being combined to allow far more precise applications of pesticides, water and fertilisers. Besides potential to increase profitability of production and reduce volatility of crop yields, such techniques can reduce the adverse effects on the environment caused by agriculture.

Developing world – Expected change in agricultural power mix Bundesamt für Energie, Gesamtenergiestatistik 2009

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

46

Are green investments sustainable?

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth.

To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue. ”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.

Ferteliser usage and corn yield: Fertecon

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Tractor2030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Potash

Phosphor

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Nitrogen

Western EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Corn yield (t/ha)

20

15

130

4.815 3

42

1.6

15550

70

7.6

52

58140

7

2000

46

Are green investments sustainable?

need for chemical fertilisers or pesticides, and allow less use of machinery and equipment, or perhaps require not as much irrigation? Given the challenges global agriculture faces to boost output in the decades ahead, and the fact that a few important food-producing countries, such as the US, Brazil, India and China, already are increasingly using these new, modified crops, it appears likely that biotechnology will play a central role the agricultural production in the 21st century.

Fertilisers

The hunt for higher yields requires soils with the necessary nutrients for plant growth.

To maintain productivity, nutrients taken out of the soil at harvest must be replenished. Fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as other minerals providing nutrients, are a key part of today’s agricultural production. While in the developed world, fertiliser use has remained

fairly stable, such is clearly not the case in major developing producers like India and China, where

“Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue. ”

application of fertilisers still is below potential and not well balanced in terms of how the various ingredients are mixed. This makes it harder for farmers to achieve higher yields. Over the past years, we have seen strong growth in fertiliser demand in developing regions, which is set to continue.

Ferteliser usage and corn yield: Fertecon

PotashPhosphor

Nitrogen

Fertiliser (k/ha)

Corn yield (t/ha)

15550

70

52

20

15

58

15

3

140

130

42

1.6

4.8

7

7.6

W. EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Tractor

20002030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Tractor2030

35 %

55 %

35 %30 %

20 %

Tractor

HandAnimal

25 %

HandAnimal

Year

Potash

Phosphor

Fertiliser (kilogramme/hectare)

Nitrogen

Western EuropeUSAChinaIndia

Corn yield (tonnes/hectare)

20

15

130

4.815 3

42

1.6

15550

70

7.6

52

58140

7

2000

Potash

Phosphorus

Fertiliser (kilogramme/hectare)

Nitrogen

Western EuropeUnited StatesChinaIndia

Corn yield (tonne/hectare)

20

15

130

4.815 3

42

1.6

15550

70

7.6

52

58140

7

35%

55%

35%30%

20%

Animal

25%

Animal

Year

© H

ahn

und

Zim

mer

man

n, 2

014

Page 31: Journalismus vs. Kunst – Wie viel Kreativität verträgt … · Kulturwirtschaft Berlin Form ... Räumliches Controlling des Kantons Zürich ... der Suche nach Risikokapital für

7–Abwechslungsreiche Bildstrecke

Page 32: Journalismus vs. Kunst – Wie viel Kreativität verträgt … · Kulturwirtschaft Berlin Form ... Räumliches Controlling des Kantons Zürich ... der Suche nach Risikokapital für

Eine Frage der Vernunftbrand eins Wissen/Generation CEO (2010)

© H

ahn

und

Zim

mer

man

n, 2

014

Page 33: Journalismus vs. Kunst – Wie viel Kreativität verträgt … · Kulturwirtschaft Berlin Form ... Räumliches Controlling des Kantons Zürich ... der Suche nach Risikokapital für

Saori Dubourg

Christina Ehrenberg

Catrin Hinkel

Constanze Hufenbecher

Andrea Kaminski

Ines Kolmsee

Katharina Kren

Ljiljana Mitic

Heike NiehuesIlonka Nussbaumer

Eun-Kyung Park

Veronika Flora Rost

Ina Schlie

Danica Siemer

Tina Silvester

Andrea Stürmer

Claudia Süßmuth-Dyckerhoff

Stefanie Teichmann

Lucie Toscani

Anette Weber

Ingrun Alsleben Britta Bomhard

Evi Hartmann

Petra Helfferich

Miriam Kraus

Jutta Gabriele Langer

Ulrike Lindauer

Tanja Lindermeier

Daniela Mündler

Heike Munro

Birgit Potrafki

Angelika Schöchlin

Diana Maria Schramm

Hauke Stars

Tatiana Turck

Katrin Vernau

Friederike von Krosigk

Jeanette von Ratibor

Lena Vynogradova

Imelda Wander-Labbé

Line Sjolte Byskov

Karin Dohm

Silke Gottschlich

Christine Claire Graeff

Angelika Kelleners

Nadja Lang

Maren Lorth

Christine Martel

Kathrin Scheffel

Kerstin Schmeiduch

Hilka SchneiderSigrid Inken Seibold

Mirjam Staub-Bisang

Tanja Weiher

Marion Welp

Antje Wessel

Alyna Wnukowsky

Edith Wolf

Julia Zantke

Weidong Xu

Carole Ackermann Tanja Tamara Dreilich

Arina Freitag-TerpsmaYvonne Gaissmaier

Dagmar Maria Kamber Borens

Julia Jäkel

Inka Koljonen

Martina LudescherMarion Oswald

Michaela Peisger

Nanna Rapp

Dorothee Ritz

Beate Rosenthal-Meseck

Birgit Rutishauser-Hernandez

Diana Schillag

Chantal Schumacher

Christine Seith

Brigitte Sitzberger

Saskia Thais Bruysten

Pia TischhauserHelene von Roeder

Generation CEO

Preisträgerin: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010

81 MANAGERINNEN

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*1966 *1967 *1968 *1969 *1970 *1971 *1972 *1973 *1975*1974 *1979 *1980*1976 *1977 *1978

Preisträgerin: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010

15 JAHRGäNGE, 3105 LEBENSJAHRE

ø = 38.81 JAHRE

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Erststudium

Zweitstudium

Drittstudium

49 x

18 x

8 x 5 x 2 x 1x

12 x 8 x 3 x 2 x

12 x 6 x 4 x 2 x 1 x

19 x

18 x

15 x

8 x

6 x

4 x

3 x

2 x

1 x

36 x

Erststudium, Zweitstudium, Drittstudiumø = 1.96 STUDIENABSCHLüSSE

55 STUDIENFäCHER, 17 STUDIENLäNDER

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36 x

889

CH866

67

53

8

6

1

1

US

996GB

625FR

608CN

1468DE

197ES

149BE

149JP

212DK

72AT

CA

86NL

43BR

23ZA

56UA

62RU

29KR

42AU

25TH

3MY

11IT

9IL

62IE

4GH

22CL

MX

19AR

24SG

95NZ

40SE

19IN

9BD

1VN

11AE

VE

4TR

3CZ

40SI

3PG

6OM

3NO

3NA

3LU

CO

HT

3GR

5FI

EC

7BT

LANDAnzahl Monate: 1000–1500

600–999100–599

20–991–19

7142 MONATE IM AUSLAND

ø = 89.28 MONATE IM AUSLAND

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Englisch

Italienisch

Mandarin

Ukrainisch

Tschechisch

Serbisch

Dänisch

KoreanischRussisch

KatalanischNorwegisch

Schwedisch

Latein

Chinesisch

Finnisch

LuxemburgischHolländisch

Portugiesisch

Slowenisch

Hindi

Japanisch

Kroatisch

Deutsch

Französisch

Spanisch

2 x

36 x

6 x

80 x

64 x

9 x

1 x

7 x

81 x

17 x

3 x

5 x

Beherrschungsgrad: Muttersprache fließend verhandlungssicher (sehr) gute Kenntnisse Grundkenntnisse

12 MUTTER-, 20 FREMDSPRACHEN

ø = 4.11 SPRACHEN

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4 Jahre 7 Jahre 8 Jahre 9 Jahre 10 Jahre 11 Jahre

12 Jahre

13 Jahre

14 Jahre

15 Jahre

16 Jahre

17 Jahre

18 Jahre 20 Jahre 21 Jahre 22 Jahre 23 Jahre

Preisträgerin: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010

1106 JAHRE BERUFSERFAHRUNG

ø = 13.83 JAHRE BERUFSERFAHRUNG, 6.55 KARRIERESTATIONEN

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Zürich

Frankfurt

München

Düsseldorf

London

Stuttgart

Hamburg

Hongkong

Kronberg

Walldorf

Wiesbaden

Vevey

Stockholm

Skillman

Schaan

Unterföhring

Ratingen

Rüsselsheim

Turin

Neu-Isenburg

Schanghai

Leverkusen

NürnbergNeuss

New York

Madrid

MülheimKopenhagen

Karlsruhe

Köln

Holzkirchen

Hildesheim

Dublin

Dortmund

Hagen Bad Homburg

Burgdorf

Gütersloh

Unterneukirchen

Bonn

Herzogenaurach

EssenBochum

AltendorfAbu Dhabi

BerlinBarcelona

Dübendorf

Paris

Preisträgerin: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010

49 ARBEITSORTE

ø = 1.63 MANAGERINNEN PRO STADT

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Altersklasse in Jahren:

0–1 11–142–3 4–6 7–10ø = 1.1 KINDER PRO MANAGERIN

88 KINDER

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John W. Tukey, Exploratory Data Analysis, 1977

«The greatest value of a picture is when it forces us to notice what we never expected to see.»